A Novel Sooty Terns Algorithm for Deregulated MPC-LFC Installed in Multi-Interconnected System with Renewable Energy Plants
energies Article A Novel Sooty Terns Algorithm for Deregulated MPC-LFC Installed in Multi-Interconnected System with Renewable Energy Plants Hossam Hassan Ali 1 , Ahmed Fathy 2, Abdullah M. Al-Shaalan 3, Ahmed M. Kassem 4, Hassan M. H. Farh 3,* , Abdullrahman A. Al-Shamma’a 3 and Hossam A. Gabbar 5 1 Electrical Department, Faculty of Technology and Education, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt; hossam_hassan123@techedu.sohag.edu.eg 2 Electrical Power & Machine Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; elmohandes.ahmed@gmail.com 3 Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia; shaalan@ksu.edu.sa (A.M.A.-S.); ashammaa@ksu.edu.sa (A.A.A.-S.) 4 Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt; ahmed.kassem@eng.sohag.edu.eg 5 Faculty of Energy Systems and Nuclear Science, Ontario Tech University (UOIT), 2000 Simcoe St N, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada; hossam.gaber@ontariotechu.ca * Correspondence: hfarh1@ksu.edu.sa Abstract: This paper introduces a novel metaheuristic approach of sooty terns optimization algorithm (STOA) to determine the optimum parameters of model predictive control (MPC)-based deregulated load frequency control (LFC). The system structure consists of three interconnected plants with Citation: Ali, H.H.; Fathy, A.; nonlinear multisources comprising wind turbine, photovoltaic model with maximum power point Al-Shaalan, A.M.; Kassem, A.M.; M. tracker, and superconducting magnetic energy storage under deregulated environment. The proposed H. Farh, H.; Al-Shamma’a, A.A.; A. objective function is the integral time absolute error (ITAE) of the deviations in frequencies and Gabbar, H.
[Show full text]