Dr. Heinrich Rohrer Memorial Session Tomihiro Hashizume† Conference - ACSIN-12&ICSPM21 - Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd

e-Journal of Surface Science and Nanotechnology 2 May 2015 e-J. Surf. Sci. Nanotech. Vol. 13 (2015) 207-208

Career and My Memories of Rohrer Sensei* Dr. Heinrich Rohrer Memorial Session Tomihiro Hashizume† Conference - ACSIN-12&ICSPM21 - Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd. Hatoyama,Saitama 350-0395, Japan, and Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Oh-okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan Keywords: (Received 13 March 2015; Accepted 14 March 2015;Published 2 May 2015) Scanning tunneling microscopy Si(111)-7 7 The career and my memories of Rohrer sensei, together withabrief history of Buchs at× St. Gallen scanning tunneling microsocpy, are described for an introduction to presentation IBM and ETH Zurich in the Dr. Rohrer Memorial Session. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2015.207]

or an introduction to presentations in the TABLE I. Partial career of Rohrer sensei. Dr. Rohrer Memorial Session, I would like to 1933 Born on June 3 in Buchs (St. Gallen), Switzerland talk bri efly about the career and my memories F 1955 Diploma in physical sciences, of Rohrer sensei [1]. Dr. Rohrer insisted to call him as Heini, and this was even in the world wide newspaper. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) But let me call him Rohrer sensei becauseIlearned many 1960 Ph.D. in physical sciences, ETH Zurich, from him. on superconductivity Table I shows partial career of Rohrer sensei. Dr. Hein- 1960 Research assistant at ETH Zurich rich Rohrer was born on June 6 in 1933 in Buchs at 1961 Post-doctorate at Rutgers University, USA St. Gallen and passed away on May 16 in 2013, just before 1963 Research staff member of IBM’s Zurich Research his 80th birthday. Indeed, one week before the Memorial Laboratory Session, I visited St. Gallen. One of the world’s oldest - Transport properties of Kondo materials libraries is located there. A bible written by hand in the -Phase diagrams of antiferromagnets 4th or 5th century was still firm and one could read it, - Multicritical phenomena although it was not written in the language that I could understand. By the atmosphere of the town and the li- - Superconducting materials (surface and growth) brary, I could not help but remind Rohrer sensei’s warm 1986 IBM Fellow and sophisticated conversation. 1997 Retirement from IBM (end of July) His career as a scientist started at the ETH with the 2013 Passed away on May 16 diploma and the Ph. D. research, and then asaresearch 1984 King Faisal International Prize for Science assistant. Then he worked asapost doc at Rutgers Uni- Hewlett-Packard Europhysics Prize versity, US. He became a research staff member of IBM 1986 Nobel Prize for Physics in 1963. Before he invented the scanning tunneling mi- (with Gerd Binnig and Ernst Rusk) croscopy, he had been working on superconducting mate- Various awards, Honorary doctor’s degrees, rials, which were not oxides. While investigating surface Honorary member of academies, Honorary Fellowships and growth of superconductors, he wanted to look at the local property of these superconductors. This is how he came to invent the STM. He retired from IBM officially in 1997. As awards, he TABLE II.Abrief history of STM. received the King Faisal International Prize and Hewlett 1966 MVM electron tunneling (Young) Packard Europhysics Prize in 1984 together with Dr. Gerd Binnig for the invention of STM. And then, as you 1972 180 lines/mm grating (Young) all know, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1982 CaIrSn4(110) and Au(110) (Binnig and Rohrer) 1983 Si(111)-7 7 (Binnig and Rohrer) 1986. × Table II shows a kind of history of STM. Rohrer sensei, Start of STM at Bell (1982) together with Gerd Binnig, Christoph Gerber, and Ed- DAS model (Takayanagi, 1985) uard Weibel, published the silicon (111)-7 7 STM image 1985 High quality Si(111)-7 7 (Golovchenko) × × in Physical Review Letters in 1983 [2]. But, as you may 1985 Several groups started STM hear from Professor Young Kuk here later in the Memorial (Demuth, Hamers, Feenstra, Quate, Hansma, ) ··· Session, the STM research at Bell labs had alr eady started 1985 1st STM special workshop (workshop in Japanese) 1986 STM with FIM (Kuk) 1988-89 Si(111)7 7 in Japan: × * ETL (Tokumoto, Miki, ) This paper was presented at the Dr. Heinrich Rohrer Memorial ··· Session in the 12th International Conference on Atomically Con- Hitachi (Hosaka, Hosoki, ) ··· trolled Surfaces, Interfaces and Nanostructures (ACSIN-12) in con- TIT (Tomitori, Nishikawa, ) junction with 21st International Colloquium on Scanning Probe ··· ISSP (Hasegawa, Sakai, Kamiya, Sakurai, TH, ) Microscopy (ICSPM21), Tsukuba International Congress Center, ··· Tsukuba, Japan, November 4-8, 2013. 1992 1st PRL from Japan: Si(111)-3 1-Na (Jeon et al.) × †Corresponding author: [email protected] 1993 ICSPM 1, Cu(111)-C60

ISSN 1348-0391 c 2015 The Surface Science Society of Japan (http://www.sssj.org/ejssnt) 207 Volume 13 (2015) Dr. Heinrich Rohrer Memorial Session Hashizume in 1982. In 1985, a good quality image of the same surface from China) and with 12 year interval. We all were born by Jene Golovchenko et al. [3] was reported, and several in the year of the Rooster (or the Cock), and it turned groups have started constructing STM; Joe Demuth and out that the roosters work very hard from the morning Professor Bob Hamers here, and then Randy Feenstra, till night. Cal Quate, Paul Hansma, and so on. Rohrer sensei visited the Central Research Lab of Hi- The Japan Society of Applied Physics (JSAP) has al- tachi in 2002. Kakibayashi san, who is an electron ready started special workshops on STM in Japanese in microscopist, explained his research to Rohrer sensei. I 1985, even before the Nobel Prize for STM. Then, in have many photographs showing Rohrer sensei and dis- 1986 Professor Kuk has developed STM with ﬁeld ion mi- tinguished scientists. Don Eigler san, Jim Gimzewski san croscopy, which he may talk about in this Session. Then from 1988 to 1989 there were four groups in Japan which obtained atomic images of the Si(111)-7 7 surface. At that time, unless we had Si(111)-7 7 atomic× images, we could not say that our STM worked.× The four groups are Tokomoto san [4], Miki san, et al. from Electrotech- nical Laboratory (currently AIST), Hosaka san, Hosoki san, et al. from Hitachi (this was before I joined Hitachi), Tomitori san and Nishikawa sensei from Tokyo Institute of Technology, and then the ISSP (Institute for Solid State Physics) group, which includes Hasegawa san, one of the organizers of this Session, Sakai san, Kamiya san, Saku- rai sensei, and myself. The special workshop of JSAP was converted into the International Colloquium on Scanning Probe Microscopy in 1993. This isabrief history of STM, FIG. 1. A memorial photograph of Rorer sensei. andIthought it’s better for me to talk on this as an introduction, especially for young people who may not know and Genki Yoshikawa san from NIMS, who is working how STM has been developed. with Aono san now. Also, Chikara Hayashi san, who For the rest of the time, I would like to talk on my per- started ULVAC Corporation. So he started the vacuum sonal memories of Rohrer sensei. First, I can still remem- technology of Japan. Sakurai sensei gave meaphotograph ber a party on June the 2nd, 1997, celebrating Professor taken when Sakurai sensei’s family, Hyodo sensei’s fam- Shin-ichi Hyodo’s 70th birthday “Koki” and Rohrer sen- ily, Rohrer sensei, and Ellen, his daughter, visited China. sei’s retirement. Professor Hyodo is my thesis advisor. Professor Qi-Kun Xue at Tsinghua University hosted the Rohrer sensei, Mrs. Rose-Marie Rohrer, together with tour who isabig boss in science in China now. Yes, these Professor Hyodo, and Mrs. Hyodo are in a photograph, are my good part of the memory. For many of the photos, and for some reason, my daughter is als oin the photo. I cannot even remember when they were taken. Many scientists joined the party: Professor Masakazu One week before the Memorial Session, I visited IBM Aono here, Professor Toshio Sakurai, who is also my the- Zurich and also ETH in Zurich with Professor and Ms. sis advisor and had been my boss for long term, Profes- Sakurai. There was a Memorial Symposium. Ms. Rose- sor Yoshitada Murata, Professor Hidemi Shigekawa, who Marie Rohrer and also Doris and Ellen Rohrer (daugh- is the Steering Committee Chair of this ACSIN-12 & IC- ters), joined the symposium. The organizers were G. SPM21, Professor Masaru Tsukada, and myself. That was Binnig, IBM Fellow Emeritus, G. Blatter, ETH Zurich, already more than 15 years ago, and we all were young in C. Degen, ETH Zurich, and H. W. Riess, IBM Research- a sense. Zurich. Rohrer sensei had a special connection with ETH, Figure 1 is one of the most memorial photos. It was asImentioned. The invited speakers in that meeting taken when Rohrer sensei visited my parent’s house at were Masakazu Aono, Andreas Heinrich , Harald Fuchs, Takeshi village in Nagano prefecture together with Saku- Randall Feenstra, Franz Giessibl, Michael Roukes, Jim rai sensei. I served hand-kneaded Soba noodle cooked Gimzewski, Joseph Stroscio, and Christoph Renner. Also, myself from the Soba pow der and we all enjoyed eating Georg Bednorz san, Peter Vettiger san and Xue san were it. Rohrer sensei, Sakurai sensei, my father and I have attending the meeting. All are the people discussing many a special linking. I was born in 1957, Sakurai sensei in with Rohrer sensei on SPM. 1945, Rohrer sensei in 1933, and my father in 1921. As I am sure there will be more and more memorial meet- you can see, the interval of the year of birth is 12 years. ings of Rohrer sensei, and we can just say we all miss In Japan and in China, we have an astrological calendar Rohrer sensei very much. counted with the names of animals (of course this came

[1] (Note by Editor) “Sensei” is an honoriﬁc title in Japanese, [3] R. S. Becker, J. A. Golovchenko, D. R. Hamann, and B. S. which is used for teacher, professor, advisor, etc. Swartzentruber, Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 2032 (1985). [2] G. Binnig, H. Rohrer, C. Gerber, and E. Weibel, Phys. [4] (Note of the editor) “San” is an honoriﬁc title in Japanese, Rev. Lett. 50, 120 (1983). which means Mr. or Ms.

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