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The Encyclopedia of Global Human Migration

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The Encyclopedia of Global Human Migration guo namuuiy B/121188 The Encyclopedia of Global Human Migration General Editor Immanuel Ness Volume V Rem-Z )WILEY~BLACKWELL A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication Contents Volume I Contents to Volume I: Prehistory IX Lexicon xiii Notes on Contributors xlvii Introduction cxxvi Acknowledgments cxxxii Abbreviations cxxxv Maps cxxxvii Prehistory Part I: The Peopling of the World during the Pleistocene 7 Part II: Holocene migrations 11 Volume II Global Human Migration A—Cro 417-1122 Volume III Global Human Migration Cru-Ind 1123-1810 Volume IV Global Human Migration Ind-Rem 1811-2550 Volume V Global Human Migration Rem-Z 2551-3180 Index to Volume I: Prehistory 3181 Index to Volumes II-V 3197 3182 INDEX TO VOLUME I: PREHISTORY Anatolia (confd) Arawak culture, 379-80, 394, 397 Ice Age land bridge, 327 Mesolithic, 143^4 language, 87, 89, 93, 384, 385, language families, 87, 328 migrations into Europe, 141—4 386-7, 392, 396-7 linguistic history, 327-32 see also Anatolia Hypothesis origin, 379 lithic technologies, 44-5, 58 Neolithic culture, 139-40, 141, society, 397 megafauna, 56—7 142, 143-4 speakers, 376, 378, 379-80 migrations within, 57 pottery, 143 spread, 380, 386-7, 398 modern populations, 254 see also Turkey archaeological evidence, 32, 293 Northern Territories, 330 Anatolia Hypothesis, 92, 161, 163, cultural changes, 40-6, 108-9 Pleistocene, 327 169,170-1 paucity, 14, 104, 112 Western Desert, 330 Ancient Egypt and radiocarbon dating see see also Tasmania archaeological sites, 135—6, under radiocarbon dating Australo-Melanesians, 220 137-8 archaeological sites see individual sites Australopithecus species, 9, 11, 13,19 civilization, 137 architecture, megalithic, 316 dispersal to South Africa, 9-11 Early Dynastic, 137 Arctic region, 340-1, 341, 346 inclusion in Homo genus, 18 early writing, 1 archaeology, 347—8 origins, 9 Epipaleolithic, 136, 137 Clovis culture, 7 see also Paranthropus historical chronologies, 137 fauna, 22, 23 Austroasiatic language family, 88, introduction of farming, 136 geology, 347 93, 93, 260, 264-5 language, 90,91,97, 117, 125, Ice Age, 61 distribution, 264-5 129 language survival, 401 divisions, 265 Levantine influence, 136-7 migration corridor, 63 Austronesian language family, 88, Neolithic, 135-7 modern, 74 93, 276-83 trade, 138 population densities, 346 distribution, 279 unification, 135, 137 settlement, 346, 347-8 divisions, 277-8 Ancient Greek see Hellenistic Greek toolkit, 336, 346 homeland, 255, 276, 277-8 Andaman Islands, 32, 50, 217, 254 see also High Arctic islands modern, 3, 298 Andes region, 67, 401, 402, 410 Ardipithecus species, 9, 18 Oceanic see Oceanic language archaeological sites, 413-14 Arnhem Land, Australia, 57 family cradle of civilization, 410 artistic creativity spread, 92-3, 126, 205, 259-61, early farming, 79, 80, 83,406,410 of early hominins, 41 260, 298 Horizon societies, 405, 406, Asoka, Indian emperor, 273 see also Austronesian migrations; 412-15 Associated Ancestral Components Proto-Austronesian influence on other American (AACs), 116,118-19 Austronesian migrations, 214, 225, societies, 392, 410 Bantu, 122 262, 276-83, 302, 398 languages, 388, 401-5, 402, Central Sudanic, 118-19 Avesta, the, 164 403-6 Chadic, 117-18 Aymara language family, 401, 402, migrations, 402—16 Cushitic, 116, 117 404, 405 population, 73 distribution, 118-19, 122 homeland, 405-6 pottery, 414 Niger-Congo, 122 and Quechua, 405 topography, 410 Nilo-Saharan, 117-19 trade, 411 Pygmy, 120 Bab el-Mandab Strait, Arabia, 116, see also Inca people Atapuerca, Spain, 10, 15, 19, 22 130 Andhra Pradesh, India, 44, 239 see also Gran Dolina; Sima del Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Angkor civilization, 262, 265 Elefante Complex, 161 Anglo-Saxon people, 153 Athapaskan languages/speakers, bactrian camel, 249 animal domestication see under 333-5, 336-7, 360 Badarian industries, Egypt, 137 domestication see also Apachean languages/ Bahama archipelago, Caribbean, animal migrations, 14 speakers 381 Antilles islands, 378, 380, 387 Atlantic-Congo languages, 97, 98,98 Baikal region, Siberia, 200 see also Caribbean islands Aurignacian lithic industry, 32, 43 Balkan peninsula, 140-3, 160 Apache speakers, 2, 337, 338 Australia Neolithic transition, 172, 173 Apachean languages, 336-8 ancestral populations, 284 Baltic see circum-Baltic region see also Apache speakers; Navajo archaeological evidence, 57, 327, Baltistan, 207 speakers 329 Baluchistan, 246 Aquatic civilization, Sahara, 103 colonization by Homo sapiens, 4, Ban Don Ta Phet, Thailand, 271, Arab peoples, 113, 129 31, 39-40, 44-5, 55-60, 56, 273 Arabic language, 91, 130 254, 327 Bangladesh, 276 Aramaic language, 91, 128-9 genetic evidence, 329 see also Indian subcontinent INDEX TO VOLUME i: PREHISTORY 3183 Bantu languages, 92-3, 93, 100, artifacts, 232, 233, 273, 311 Neolithic transition, 184, 187 111 migrations, 194-5 steppes see Steppes region distribution, 98, 119 smelting technology, 273, 351 topography, 184 . Bantu speakers, 2, 398 Buddhism, 207, 273 Central Sudanic languages, 118 archaeology of migrations, Bukit Tengkorak, Borneo, 311 ceramic technologies, 100, 134 111-12 Bulgar people, 165 as ethnic marker, 109, 397 expansion into central Africa, Bulgaria, 172-3 and hunter-gatherers, 110, 174 100, 101, 108, 112, 121-2 Bulgarian language, 199 and Neolithic transition, 172, expansion into southern Africa, burial mounds, 160 174,250,285 5,100,108 burial practices red-slipped ware, 286-7, 314-15 genetic diversity, 121-2 Americas, 371 see also individual technologies Basque language, 159 Chalcolithic, 137, 250 Chad, 9 Basketmaker cultures, 370-1, 372, flexed position, 270, 271 Chad Basin, 109, 117-19, 122 373-4 jar burials, 310 Chadic languages, 97, 116 Batanes Islands, Philippines, 50, megalithic, 310 dispersal, 118, 127, 130 214, 286, 289 Neolithic, 142 distribution, 118, 130 Bay of Bengal, 254 Paleolithic, 59 influences, 125 Belkachi (Bel'kachi) culture, 192, Southeast Asia, 270-1 chain mail, 113 193-4, 346, 347 Burma see Myanmar/Burma Chalcolithic era Benue-Congo languages, 100, 111 in Egypt, 137 Benue-Kwa languages, 100, 101 Caesar, Julius, 4, 92 in the Levant, 134, 137 Berber languages, 97, 117, 125 California, 324, 333, 337, 372 in South Asia, 249-51 spread, 127, 129-30 Callaghan, Richard T, 378 Chamic languages, 260, 261-3, 265, Berber speakers, 116 Callao Cave, Philippines, 31,50, 53 274 Bering Strait, 194, 349 Cambodia, 50, 217, 259 Chamorro language, 314 Beringia, 4, 61,62, 71, 73 archaeological sites, 271 Chao Phraya river, Southeast Asia, Beta Israel, 116 and Champa, 262-3 269, 271 Bible, the, 128 Cameroon, 113 Chatelperronian lithic industry, 33, Biological Species Concept, 18 Canary Islands, 129 41,43 Bir Kiseiba, Egypt, 135 Cape region, South Africa, 111 Chenjiawo, China, 15, 20 Bird's Head peninsula, New Cardial culture, 169, 172, 174 Chibchan language family, 406-7 Guinea, 281 Carib languages, 89, 384, 385, Chifumbaze Complex, 111 Birdsell, Joseph, 56 387-8, 392, 395-6, 407 Chihuaha, Mexico, 370, 371 Bismarck archipelago, Melanesia, Carib speakers, 381-2, 387, 395-6 Childe, V. Gordon, 169 92,286,308,309,310,311 Caribbean islands, 376-83 Chile, 62, 63, 72, 413 Bizat Ruhama, Israel, 10, 19 Lithic Age, 376-7 China, 209-16, 265 Bodo, Ethiopia, 22, 27,29 migrations, 377, 377-83 archaeological sites, 210 Bolivia, 402, 403, 404, 413 pottery, 378, 379, 380, 382, 395 see also individual sites Bolling-Allerod interstadial, 103 settlement see Caribbean Bronze Age, 83 Borneo, 4-5, 279 settlement early farming, 79, SO, 83-4, archaeological sites, 286, 311 toolkits, 377-8 210-12,284 Austronesian speakers, 280-1 Caribbean settlement, 376-83, 377 early hominins, 15 burial practices, 310 Arawaks, 379-81 early writing, 1 migrations, 280, 288 Caribs, 381-2 government-sponsored Botswana, 111 Casimiroids, 378 migrations, 204, 206 Brahmi script, 273, 274 "Lucayans," 381 Holocene migrations, 206, 284 Brahui language, 235-7,236, 237, Saladoids, 379,380, 381-2 Homo erectus, 209 238 Caroline Islands, Micronesia, 315, Homo sapiens origins, 209 Brazil, 73, 126, 389, 393, 396, 402 316,317 languages, 204, 206, 277 British Columbia, Canada, 61, 338 Caucasian language family, 88, 93 lithic technologies, 209, 212-13 British Isles homelands, 276 Neolithic, 83 Anglo-Saxon migrations, 153 caves and rockshelters, 10, 23, 50, Neolithic transition, 210-12, archaeological sites, 175 311 212-13, 284 English linguistic diversity, 278 see also individual sites Paleolithic, 209-10 Neolithic transition, 172, 175 Central African Republic, 100, 113 rice domestication, 210-14, 273, Broken Hill (Kabwe), Zambia, 27, Central Asia, 184-90 284 29 gene flow, 188 see also Han Chinese; Sinitic Bronze Age, 83, 135, 161, 186, genetic diversity, 185 languages; Yangzi River 193-5, 220, 232-3, 248 as migration crossroads, 184 basin; Yellow River basin 3184 INDEX TO VOLUME I: PREHISTORY Chincha region, Peru, 404 in Asia, 213,219, 220,222 Dennell, Robin, 14 Chinese languages, 206, 277 comparisons, 219, 220, 222 dental studies, 218, 219, 403, 413, see also individual languages and of early Homo sapiens, 34 415 language families implications for gene flow, 170, Dinka people, 5 Chukchi- Kamchatkan languages, 222 diseases 88, 340 skull modification, 403, 413 elephantiasis, 255 Chukotkan peninsula, 191, 193, and transition to farming, 170 malaria, 255, 270 344 craniometric studies, 170-1, 218 and serious population decline, circum-Baltic region, 174-5 Crete, 171 4, 306, 356 civilizations Cris culture, 140, 187 smallpox, 256 Americas, 159,403,406-7, Cro Magnon, France, 29, 42 displacement migrations, 205-6 410-11,414
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