9Th Grade Ela

Home , Orson Welles (crater), Radiolab, The War of the Worlds, Wells (crater)

9TH GRADE ELA

Week of: MAY 11TH

WICHITA PUBLIC SCHOOLS

9th, 10th, 11th and 12th Grades Your child should spend up to 90 minutes over the course of each day on this packet. Consider other family-friendly activities during the day such as:

Learn how to do laundry. Create a cartoon image Make a bucket list of Look up riddles to Wash the laundry, of your family. things to do after the solve with someone fold and put the quarantine is over with in your family. laundry away. your family.

Mindful Minute: Write Do a random act of Teach someone in your Put together a puzzle down what a typical day kindness for someone in family to play one of your with your family. was like pre-quarantine your house. video games. and during quarantine. How have things changed? *All activities are optional. Parents/Guardians please practice responsibility, safety, and supervision.

For students with an Individualized Education Program (IEP) who need additional support, Parents/Guardians can refer to the Specialized Instruction and Supports webpage, contact their child’s IEP manager, and/or speak to the special education provider when you are contacted by them. Contact the IEP manager by emailing them directly or by contacting the school. The Specialized Instruction and Supports webpage can be accessed by clicking HERE or by navigating in a web browser to https://www.usd259.org/Page/17540

WICHITA PUBLIC SCHOOLS CONTINUOUS LEARNING HOTLINE AVAILABLE 316-973-4443 MARCH 30 – MAY 21, 2020 MONDAY – FRIDAY 11:00 AM – 1:00 PM ONLY

For Multilingual Education Services (MES) support, please call (316) 866-8000 (Spanish and Proprio) or (316) 866-8003 (Vietnamese).

The Wichita Public Schools does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, religion, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, disability, age, veteran status or other legally protected classifications in its programs and activities. Grade 9 English Language Arts: May 11-May 15, 2020

th Hello Parents and 9 Graders, Here is a review of content previously taught this school year. This learning opportunity will strengthen your language arts skills. There are several opportunities for students to read, write and think about text within the following work provided. Week 7: May 11-May 15 Pages 774-787 including IL1-IL 20

Day 1:774-780 Day 2: 781-787 Day 3:IL1-IL7 Day 4:IL8-IL15 Day 5:IL16-IL20

Siphon_-/ˈsīfən/ Discredit- /disˈkredət/ Reproach - /rəˈprōCH

Draw off or transfer liguid, To harm the good reputation of To express sharp disapproval or especially illegally or unfairly someone or something. criticism Miniscule-/minˈəsˌkyool/͞ Apocalypse-/əˈpäkəˌlips/ Proliferation-/prəˌlifəˈrāSH(ə)n/

Extremely small; tiny An event involving destruction or Rapid increase in numbers damage on a catastrophic scale.

● For read aloud accommodations and specialized instructional support please contact your child’s teacher.

774 of awordorphrase. Use contextasacluetothemeaning Language needed atthehighendofrange. band proficiently, withscaffoldingas the grades 9–10textcomplexity comprehend literary nonfictionin By theendofgrade 9, readand Reading Informational Text obtained it. with theircontrol oncethey media andwhattheydid gained control ofpopular the earlyradionetworks especially interested inhow and 1930s.Socolowis America duringthe1920s networks thatarose in analysis ofthefirstradio who specializesinthe (b. 1969)isamediahistorian Michael J.Socolow social mediaonculture. as wellontheimpactof widely onconsumerculture, Pennsylvania. Hehaswritten College inAllentown, department atMuhlenberg Media andCommunications is thechairmanof Jefferson Pooley About the Authors STANDARDS 70+6r914.&o5'0& MAKING MEANING WAR OF THE WORLDS WAR OF THE HTQO RADIOLAB: RADIOLAB: (b.1976)

broadcast thanpeoplehave beenledtobelieve. there wasmore tothe“War oftheWorlds” read thisnextselection,you willconsiderwhether the 1938“War oftheWorlds” broadcast. Asyou So far, youhavebeenpresented withoneviewof Comparing Media to Text opportunity tocompleteacloseread afteryour firstread. Apply thesestrategiesasyouconductyourfirstread. You willhavean First ReadNONFICTION Context Clues As youperformyourfirstread ofthearticle,youwillencounterthesewords. Concept Vocabulary 9CT|QH|VJG|9QTNFU of the The Myth are usedwithintheircontext.Considerthislinefrom theselection. r r salient sensationalized apocryphal program to So thepapersseizedopportunitypresentedbyWelles’ Sincethenewspaperswere upsetthatradiohadsiphoned off acknowledge orpraise.” dis The word revenues, itmakessensethat have already read. already knowandwhatyou the selectiontowhatyou CONNECT Who the text. NOTICE -, meaning“not,”plustheroot word isinvolved? discredit discredit the generalideasof What To inferthemeaningofunfamiliarwords, analyzehowthey ideas within isitabout? isusedasaverbandconsistsoftheprefix radioasasourceofnews. discredit means“toinsultordishonor.” credit Panic the Comprehension Check. you wanttorevisit. vocabulary andkeypassages ANNOTATE RESPOND , meaning“to OF THE WORLDS THE OF THE OF MYTH THE by marking by completing

ad ad PANIC WAR WAR

© Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. War Worlds of the ofthe The Myth 1 1. 1. H alien invasionwashappening,causingmasspanic. legend isthatwhentheprogram firstaired, manylistenersbelievedareal like anactualnewsbroadcast insteadofaworkfiction.Thepopular Welles adaptedthenovelintoaradioplay,whichwasproduced tosound first todepictaMartianinvasionofEarth.In1938,director andactorOrson H. G.Wells’s sensational1898novel BACKGROUND from printduringtheDepression, trusted. Inaneditorialtitled“Terror byRadio,” the regulators, thatradiomanagementwasirresponsible andnottobe industry program todiscredit radioasasource ofnews.Thenewspaper industry. Sothepapersseized theopportunitypresented byWelles’ through the 1930s. Depression the Jefferson PooleyandMichael J.Socolow newspapers. Radiohadsiphonedoff advertising revenue ow didthestoryofpanickedlistenersbegin?Blame America’s sensationalized period of economic downturn in the United States that lasted from 1929 from lasted that States United inthe downturn ofeconomic period thepanictoprove toadvertisers, and The War oftheWorlds 1 badlydamagingthenewspaper Panic New York Times wasoneofthe The Myth ofthe War oftheWorlds shuh nuhlyzd) MEANING: sensationalized helped youdeterminemeaning. another strategyyouusedthat Mark contextcluesorindicate NOTES MAGAZINE ARTICLE MULTIMEDIA v. SCAN FOR (sehn SAY Panic 775 776 MEANING: fuhl) (uh POKruh apocryphal helped youdeterminemeaning. another strategyyouusedthat Mark contextcluesorindicate NOTES 70+6r914.&o5'0&

adj.

5 4 3 2 Publisher manner thatreal newswouldhavebeengiven.”Warned “blood-curdling fiction”withnewsflashes“offered inexactlythe reproached “radioofficials” forapproving theinterweavingof 2. panic storyacross thecoverafewhourslater Yet thatobservationfailedtostopthe taxi spedtoCBSheadquartersjustas in whichherecalled thestreets ofManhattanbeingdesertedashis Gross, the supposed panic,andwhattheyreported, couldbestark.In1954,Ben to performthenewsjob.” news overamediumwhichhasyettoprove .thatitiscompetent whole continuestofacethedangerofincomplete,misunderstood number ofdialtwirlers.The datacollectedwassimplynotspecific No scholar, however, haseverisolated orextrapolatedanactual on the don’t howmanylisteners,startedtodial-surf,where theylanded musical interlude.“Justatthatmomentthousands, hundreds, we comedy routine onthe “millions oflistenersbegantwirlingthedial”when theopening popularity. Butthedocumentary’sscriptgoesontoclaimthat were tunedtothe of Americans listeningtotheir radiosthatSundayevening,few comedy-variety show. at thetime—ventriloquistEdgarBergen’s was scheduledagainstoneofthemostpopularnationalprograms Oct. 30,1938.Thisminisculeratingisnotsurprising.Welles’ program those surveyedwere listeningtosomethingelse, ornothingatall,on summary publishedin indicating CBS.Nonesaida“newsbroadcast,” according toa a radio“play”or“theOrsonWelles program,” orsomethingsimilar listening?” theserviceaskedrespondents. Only2percent answered households foritsnationalratingssurvey. “To whatprogram are you the program aired, theC.E.Hooperratingsservicetelephoned5,000 than mostpeoplebelievetoday. Howdoweknow?Thenight CBS thatnight.Butwashardly thecase. extent thatyoumightactuallybelievemostof America wastunedto months, andyearspassed,theaudience’ssizeswelledtosuchan infamous, more andmore peopleclaimedtohaveheard it. As weeks, phenomenon occurred: As theshowreceded intimeandbecamemore apocalypse onlygrew intheretelling. A curious(butpredictable) the “War of the Worlds” radio play. radio Worlds” “War ofthe the Air the on Theatre Mercury From theseinitialnewspaperitemsonOct.31,1938,the The contrastbetweenhownewspaperjournalistsexperiencedthe The newPBSdocumentaryallowsthat,“ofthetens ofmillions Far fewerpeopleheard thebroadcast—and fewerstillpanicked— Mercury Theatre ontheAir , thenewspaperindustry’stradejournal,“Thenationasa New York DailyNews’ War oftheWorlds Broadcasting Chase andSanbornHour weekly radio show created by Orson Welles that broadcast broadcast that Welles byOrson created show radio weekly radioeditor, publishedamemoir ,” 2 explained . Inotherwords, 98percent of ” whenitbegan,duetoBergen’s War oftheWorlds Daily News Chase andSanbornHour . Radiolab gavewaytoa from splashingthe thisweekend. wasending. Editor and apocryphal , a

© Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 6 to NBC’s their radiosoff, orswitchedfrom over toWelles—just aswecan’testimatehowmanypeopleturned enough forustoknowhowmanylistenersmighthaveswitched prank andaccepteditthatway.” Stanton recalled later. “Butthosewhodidhearit,lookedatitasa tuned in.“Inthefirstplace,mostpeopledidn’thearit,”CBS’sFrank executives were relieved todiscoverjusthowfewpeopleactually a nationwidesurveythedayafterbroadcast, andnetwork programming, furthershrinkingitsaudience.CBScommissioned WEEI) pre-empted Welles’ broadcast infavoroflocalcommercial fact that several importantCBSaffiliates (includingBoston’s Welles’ broadcast.) song itself constitutedevidencethatpeopleofcourseswitchedto and SanbornHour’s From the UnitedStates. The printing, copying, redistribution, orretransmission ofthisContentwithoutexpresswrittenpermission Both Slate , October28, 2013©2013The SlateGroup. All rightsreserved. UsedbypermissionandprotectedtheCopyrightLawsof American Experience Chase andSanbornHour musicalinterludeforitsaudience,asif the and Radiolab either. ( ❧ Mercury Theatre ontheAir alsoomitthe Radiolab playedthe salient The Myth ofthe over Chase

is prohibited. War oftheWorlds MEANING: salient helped youdeterminemeaning. another strategyyouusedthat Mark contextcluesorindicate NOTES

(SAY leeuhnt) Panic

adj.

777 778 details withyourgroup. Complete thefollowingitemsafteryoufinishyourfirstread.Reviewandclarify Comprehension Check a research question. a research Research to Explore toExplore Research toClarify Research RESEARCH 4. 3. 2. 1. the article? that detail. what In way theinformation does of you learnedshedlight onanaspect 70+6r914.&o5'0& that night? What actionbysomeCBSaffiliates furtherreduced thesizeofWelles’s audience thenightofincident? “dial-turners” According totheauthors,whyisitinaccurateassumethere were alargenumberof was greatly exaggerated.Whom dotheauthorsblameforthisexaggeration? According totheseauthors, the“panic”thattookplaceonnightofbroadcast of theWorlds” broadcast? According totheauthors, what wasthesizeofaudiencethatlistenedto“War Choose oneunfamiliar at least Brieflyresearch from detail thetext. Choose that something from you, interests thetext andformulate

Close Read the Text With your group, revisit sections of the text you marked during your first read. Annotate details that you notice. What questions do you have? What can you conclude?

THE MYTH OF THE WAR OF THE WORLDS PANIC CITE TEXTUAL EVIDENCE Analyze the Text to support your answers. Complete the activities. 1. Review and Clarify With your group, reread paragraphs 4 and 6 of the selection. What important pieces of evidence do the authors include to GROUP DISCUSSION support their claim that the audience for Welles’s radio play was much -GGRKPOKPFVJCVƂPFKPI smaller than people believe? the truth in a controversy such as this one can be 2. Present and Discuss Now, work with your group to share the passages challenging. Be sure to from the text that you found especially important. Take turns presenting EQPUKFGTVJGUKIPKƂECPEGQH your passages. Discuss what you noticed in the text, the questions you the data and the historical asked, and the conclusions you reached. context the authors offer as you discuss the article. 3. Essential Question: Why do we try to imagine the future? What has this article taught you about world’s end literature? Discuss with your group.

LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT Concept Vocabulary

sensationalized salient apocryphal

Why These Words? The three concept vocabulary words are related. With WORD NETWORK your group, determine what the words have in common. Write your ideas, Add interesting words and add another word that fits the category. related to the world’s end from the text to your Word Network. Practice Notebook Confirm your understanding of these words by using each one in a sentence. Be sure to include context clues that hint at each word’s meaning.

Word Study Notebook Word Families Many English words are part of a word family, or a group of words derived from a single base word. The word sensationalized, for example, belongs to the family of words derived from

© Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. or its affiliates. Inc., Education, © Pearson sense. The word sense usually refers to sight, hearing, smell, taste, or touch, but it can also suggest “good judgment” or “meaning that is conveyed.” Use your understanding of the word sense to determine a definition for the following words: sensation, sensationally, nonsense. Then, use a dictionary to check your definitions.

The Myth of the War of the Worlds Panic 779 780 and evidenceto addinterest. understanding offindings, reasoning, media inpresentationstoenhance Make strategic useofdigital Speaking andListening standards Apply Writing emphasized ineachaccount. determining whichdetailsare subject toldindifferentmediums, Analyze various accountsofa Reading Informational Text RADIOLAB: WAR OF THE WORLDS THE OF WAR RADIOLAB: CON CLAIM Worlds ofthe Myth The Worlds War ofthe Radiolab: ACCOUNT STANDARDS WAR OF THE WORLDS THE WAR OF grades 9–10Reading 70+6r914.&o5'0& EFFECTIVE EXPRESSION EFFECTIVE toliterary nonfiction. Panic THE MYTH OFTHE THE MYTH War of the War ofthe PANIC 3. 2. 1. (a) Writing toCompare Compare the Broadcast andArticle Broadcast the Compare Analyze theTexts consider howthemediumofeachoneshapesitsmessage. H. G.Wells’s You havestudiedtwoaccountsofOrsonWelles’s radioplaybasedon the evidence used to support theclaim.evidence to used support of makes. aclaim to identify eachchart thetypes analyze Then, selection mass hysteria?Choosefrom thefollowingoptions: that answersthefollowingquestion:Did1938radiobroadcast cause claims andevidenceineach.Then,create a supported by Both accountsofthe1938radiobroadcast offer a Assignment Include detailsfrom boththe record andpostitforyourclass. in yourproduction. You maydeliveryourproduction liveor, if possible, claim? Explain. Does oneaccountdoabetter jobthantheotherofsupportingits evidence ituses? In whatwaysdoesthemediumofeachselectionaffect thetypesof magazine articledoesnot? article includethattheradiobroadcast doesnot? Notebook Notebook Radiolab a podcast aradioplay aradioessay Whattypesofevidencedoestheradiobroadcast includethatthe episode and the magazine article convey andthe magazine episode article information. the Use The War oftheWorlds evidence Respond to thesequestions. , orsupportingdetails.Compare andcontrastthe SUPPORT CLAIM SUPPORT THEY /HOW EVIDENCE OF TYPES (b) Radiolab Whattypesofevidencedoesthemagazine . Now, analyzetheselections,and episodeandthemagazinearticle

With yourWith group, consider how script foranaudioproduction claim , ormainidea,

© Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. evidence from both andthemagazine theradio broadcast article. and informative. in theassignment, anddraw posed thequestion Answer manageable. simplify youruse of audioorsoundeffects to makeyourpresentation more and nooneisconfusedabout whatheorsheissayingdoing.Ifnecessary, Make sure yourscriptisclearlyorganizedsothatinformation flowslogically Reviewing andRevising Answer theQuestion Include Cues Drafting TasksOrganize Planning andPrewriting as needed. to individual You groupthe tasks members. this may list addto ormodify prepare andthenrecord for itorpresent theproduction itlive. Assign parts, as well as cues to play music or add sound effects. aswell ascues to play music oraddsoundparts, effects. following jobs: take on duringtherecording orlivepresentation. Considerthe Cast the Production: Production: the Cast Files: Audio Locate Research: Conduct TASK LIST Write a Working Outline: Outline: aWorking Write Assigned To: that content. about the1938“War oftheWorlds” broadcast. Ifyoudo,research Assigned To: may alwayschangeitlater. Assigned To: sound effects, orperiodmusic. example, youmaywanttousearchival recordings from 1930sradio, Sound–Effects Person Sound–Effects Assigned To: /Hosts /Actors Narrator Engineer Recording Assigned To: Assigned To: Write your script in play form, clearly indicating speaking

Make you will alist have of tasks to accomplish asyou

Decide whetheryouneedmore information Consider whetheryouneedaudiofiles.For Your entertaining both shouldbe production Assign theroles eachgroup memberwill

Prepare asequenceforyourcontent.You 4CFKQ.CD9CTQHVJG9QTNFUr6JG/[VJQHVJG ESSENTIAL QUESTION: ESSENTIAL QUESTION: Whydowetrytoimaginethefuture? Whatdoesittaketosurvive? War of theWorld and evidenceto addinterest. understanding offindings, reasoning, media inpresentationstoenhance r to purpose, audience, andtask. substance, andstyleareappropriate the organization, development, follow thelineofreasoningand and logicallysuchthatlistenerscan supporting evidenceclearly, concisely r Speaking andListening analysis, reflection, andresearch. informational textstosupport r relevant andsufficientevidence. or texts, usingvalid reasoningand in ananalysisofsubstantivetopics r Writing Worlds Myth ofthe Worlds” episodeand“The the fromwhat youlearned Evidence Logandrecord new selection,gotoyour Before movingontoa Make strategic useofdigital Present information, findings, and Draw evidencefromliterary or Write argumentstosupportclaims STANDARDS Radiolab EVIDENCE LOG Panic.” War ofthe “War ofthe s Panic 781 782 to purpose, audience, andtask. substance, andstyleareappropriate the organization, development, follow thelineofreasoningand and logicallysuchthatlistenerscan supporting evidenceclearly, concisely Present information, findings, and Speaking andListening ō7+(0<7+2)7+( ō ō$621*217+((1'2) ō7+(32::2:$77+( ō7+(%(*,11,1*2)7+( ō7+(18&/($57285,67 THE WORLDS 7+(:25/'6 from 7+(:25/' (1'b2)7+(:25/' (1'2)7+(:25/' 67$1'$5'6 70+6r914.&o5'0& PERFORMANCE TASK: ANDLISTENING SPEAKING FOCUS 5$',2/$%:$52) SOURCES 3$1,& WAR OF significant. You willdiscusstheseideasinyourpodcast. which ideasaboutthepresent reflected instoriesaboutthefuture are most stories aboutthefuture reflect thepresent. Then,cometoaconsensusabout about theselections.Usethesenotestobeginyourdiscussiononhow each text.Usethecharttolistyourideas.Asagroup, discussyournotes &UHDWHD3RGFDVW Gather EvidenceandMedia Examples Analyze theText Plan Your With Group member tomake suggestions. readings ofpassages,music,andothersoundeffects. Alloweachgroup of actorsorauthorsreading theselections.You mayalsoincludeyourown of audioyoucanusetohelp conveyyourideas.Considerusingaudioclips the selectionstosupportyour group’s ideas.Then,brainstormideasfor types the Worlds 7KH0\WKRIWKH :RUOGV from :RUOG $6RQJRQWKH(QGRIWKH RIWKH:RUOG 7KH3RZZRZDWWKH(QG .(<,'($67+(0(6 RIWKHZRUOG WKHEHJLQQLQJRIWKHHQG 7KH1XFOHDU7RXULVW 7,7/( addresses thisquestion: to catastrophic events.Work withyourgroup todevelopapodcastthat a radiobroadcast thatexplore howpeoplerespond, ormightrespond, You haveread orlistenedtotwomagazinearticles,three poems,and Assignment 5DGLRODE:DURIWKH the present? say about future the about stories do What 3DQLF War of With yourgroup, discusskeyideasandthemesfromWith | Identify specific examples from

© Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Organize Your Ideas Brush UponYour Presentation Techniques Improve Your UseofAudio Fine-Tune theContent Practice withYour Group Your With Rehearse Group podcasts, evaluate howwelltheymeetrequirements onthechecklist. taken intoaccounteachof the checklistitems.Asyoulistentoothergroups’ Before youplayyourpodcastfortheclass,besure thateachmember has Evaluate and Present the equipmentisworkingproperly torecord andplayyourpodcast. make sure theycommunicatekeyideasandhelpcreate cohesion.Ensure that Then, useyourevaluationandtheinstructionhere toguideyourrevision. use thischecklisttoevaluatetheeffectiveness ofyourgroup’s firstrun-through. you willplaceaudioclips. each segmentwillbegin,andrecord whateachspeakerwillsay.Planwhere Allow eachmemberoftheteamopportunitytoperform.Notewhen for eachpartofthepodcast,includingintroduction andtheconclusion. another waytoword theseideas. with yourgroup toidentify keyideasthatare notcleartolisteners.Find review eachspeaker’s segmenttomakesure itrelates totheprompt. Check rerecord anythingthatis notaudible. before recording anything.Reviewyourrecorded podcastsothatyoucan pae:333 2 1 3 2 1 Speaker: 3 Speaker: 2 Speaker: 1 OTN USEOFAUDIO CONTENT

the texts. the with evidence from supported are Ideas topic. the about ideas clear presents The podcast topic. the explaining clear introduction, a has podcast The Organize thescriptforyourpodcast.Assignroles To makeyourpodcaststronger, youmayneedto As you work through the script for your podcast, As youworkthrough thescript foryourpodcast, Review all audio clips and sound effects to Review allaudioclipsandsoundeffects to

and effectively. appropriately are used Media clips ideas. key communicate helps audio The PODCAST SCRIPT ui Script Audio ESSENTIAL QUESTION Practice reading yourscript TECHNIQUES PRESENTATION

speaks clearly. speaks Each speaker are smooth. clips audio other andsegments speakers’ between Transitions audible. is Podcast : Whydowetrytoimaginethefuture? Performance Task: Create aPodcast indicated orappropriate. command offormalEnglishwhen contexts andtasks, demonstrating r and evidencetoaddinterest. understanding offindings, reasoning, media inpresentationstoenhance r Speaking andListening Adapt speechtoavariety of Make strategic useofdigital STANDARDS 783 784 Take notes have learned you what Practice ACTION PLAN aschedule Create STRATEGY 70+6r914.&o5'0& OVERVIEW: INDEPENDENT LEARNING INDEPENDENT OVERVIEW: interesting andappealingtoyou? one if thistextdoesn’tmeetyourneeds. your to own each category. you take can actions to themduring practice Independent Learning. Addideasof to rely to onyourself learnandworkonyour strategies own. Reviewthese andthe Throughout your life, in school, in your community, andin your career, you will need Independent Learning Strategies Look Inside Look Ahead Look Back classmates. To follow steps. atext, these choose related toadditional selection thetopic. You’ll then share what you learnwith you will completesection, your of study world’s endliterature by exploring an leadusOur to fears andhopes prepare for whatever thefuture may bring. this In the future? toWhy imagine dowe try QUESTION: ESSENTIAL you wanttoknowaboutworld’s endliterature? Think abouttheselectionsyouhavealready studied.Whatmore do Take afewminutestoscanthetextyouchose.Choosedifferent Preview thetextsbyreading thedescriptions.Whichoneseemsmore ō ō ō ō ō ō ō ō ō ō Review yournotesbefore preparing toshare withagroup. Record important ideasandinformation. Consider thequalityandreliability ofthesource. the topic. After youread, evaluate theusefulnessofevidencetohelpyouunderstand Use first-read andclose-read strategiestodeepenyourunderstanding. Make aplanforwhattodoeachday. Understand yourgoalsanddeadlines. MULTIMEDIA SCAN FOR

© Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Choose oneselection.Selectionsareavailableonlineonly. What will the last day look like? day look last the will What POETRY COLLECTION 2 Like This Endofthe World Look The Just Might MEDIA: IMAGE GALLERY ofsecrets? years thirty and box, a giant concrete resort, aluxury combine you when happens What NPR Bunker Secret The Congress Never Used ARTICLE NEWS ready? be you will arrives, apocalypse zombie the When S.Khan Ali Preparedness 101: Zombie Apocalypse ARTICLE WEBSITE GOVERNMENT PERFORMANCE-BASED ASSESSMENT PREP ASSESSMENT PERFORMANCE-BASED disaster strikes. if again bloom will world the sure People aremaking 60 Minutes toA Visit the Doomsday Vault MEDIA: NEWSCAST Perhaps Ice Fire and images of disaster.images of intogorgeous information scientific transforms artist An Review Notes for aNarrative and synthesizing the information youhaverecorded.and synthesizing theinformation Complete yourEvidenceLog fortheunitbyevaluatingwhatyouhavelearned MULTIMEDIA SCAN FOR

the World Here Ends Megan Gambino

Robert FrostRobert

Joy Harjo Overview: Independent Learning Overview: Independent Learning CONTENTS 785 786 Reading STANDARD CDQWVVJGWPKVVQRKECU[QWHKTUVTGCFVJKUVGZV NOTICE MPQYNGFIGCPFVJGUGNGEVKQPU[QWJCXGTGCF CONNECT 70+6r914.&o5'0& Selection Title: Selection Use thispagetorecordyourfirst-readideas. First-Read Guide LEARNING INDEPENDENT Read andcomprehendcomplexliterary andinformationaltextsindependently andproficiently. PGYKPHQTOCVKQPQTKFGCU[QWNGCTP KFGCUYKVJKPVJGUGNGEVKQPVQQVJGT RCUUCIGU[QWYCPVVQTGXKUKV VJGUGNGEVKQP ANNOTATE RESPOND D[YTKVKPICDTKGHUWOOCT[QH D[OCTMKPIXQECDWNCT[CPFMG[ CPF|/QFGN#PPQVCVKQP First-Read Guide Tool Kit

© Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Reading Title: Selection Use thispagetorecordyourclose-readideas. Guide Close-Read STANDARD conclude questions and your firstread. Readthesesectionsclosely Revisit sectionsofthetextyoumarkedduring Close Read the Text Pick aparagraphfrom thetextthat grabbed yourinterest. Explainthepowerofthispassage. QuickWrite annotate Read andcomprehendcomplexliterary andinformationaltextsindependently andproficiently. ? Write downyourideas. aboutthetext.Whatcanyou whatyounotice.Askyourself ESSENTIAL QUESTION: Analyze the Text about whatthischoiceconveys. the text.Selectoneandrecord yourthoughts structure, techniques,andideasincludedin Think abouttheauthor’s choicesofpatterns, Whydowetrytoimaginethefuture? Overview: Independent Learning Overview: Independent Learning CPF|/QFGN#PPQVCVKQP Close-Read Guide Tool Kit 787 GOVERNMENT WEBSITE ARTICLE

Preparedness 101: Zombie Apocalypse

Ali S. Khan

About the Author SCAN FOR Ali S. Khan is Dean of the College of Public Health at MULTIMEDIA the University of Nebraska Medical Center. An expert on new and emerging infectious diseases and on global health security, Khan has been a major figure in global anti-disease efforts. From 1991 to 2014, he worked at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, helping the federal government create new programs to respond to public health threats.

BACKGROUND The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) oversees government efforts to respond to disease and other health threats in the United States and overseas. One of the CDC’s primary responsibilities is to keep the American public aware of the disaster preparations they can make. This selection does so with humor.

1 here are all kinds of emergencies out there that we can NOTES T prepare for. Take a zombie apocalypse for example. That’s right, I said z-o-m-b-i-e a-p-o-c-a-l-y-p-s-e. You may laugh now, but when it happens you’ll be happy you read this, and hey, maybe you’ll even learn a thing or two about how to prepare for a real emergency. A Brief History of Zombies 2 We’ve all seen at least one movie about flesh-eating zombies taking over (my personal favorite is Resident Evil), but where do zombies come from and why do they love eating brains so much? © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. or its affiliates. Inc., Education, © Pearson The word zombie comes from Haitian and New Orleans voodoo origins. Although its meaning has changed slightly over the years, it refers to a human corpse mysteriously reanimated to serve the

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© Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. the youngnamelessdiseasedetectivesforfieldwork). responders tohelpthoseinaffected areas (Iwillbevolunteering and otherfederalagencieswouldsendmedicalteamsfirst to identify thecauseandcure ofthezombieoutbreak, butCDC 70+6+PFGRGPFGPV.GCTPKPIr2TGRCTGFPGUU

❧ NOTES UG IL4 NEWS ARTICLE NEWSNEWWSS AARTICLERRTTICICLLEE The Secret Bunker Congress Never Used

NPR

About the Author SCAN FOR National Public Radio (NPR) is the public radio network of the United MULTIMEDIA States. NPR produces a broad variety of news and culture programs, which are broadcast by local radio stations. It was established in 1970 to create programming for public and educational radio stations, supported by public funding and listener donations.

BACKGROUND During the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union, nuclear war was thought to be a possibility. In the event of nuclear weapon use by either superpower, the survival of the government or indeed the population would be highly unlikely.

1 n a groundbreaking series of reports in 2010, Washington Post NOTES I reporters Bill Arkin and Dana Priest revealed that 33 building complexes for top secret intelligence work are under construction or have been built in Washington, D.C., and the surrounding area since September 2001. 2 Before that building boom, however, another secret bunker lay in wait for the apocalypse, behind a giant reinforced steel door. For 30 years, it was kept secret. Hidden in West Virginia’s Greenbrier Resort was a massive bomb shelter stocked with supplies for members of Congress in case of an emergency. 3 Welcome to Capitol Hill, the Day After—except this isn’t Washington. It’s a giant concrete box nestled into a hillside in White Sulphur Springs, W.Va. 4 The story of how the bunker was kept secret for 30 years and All rights reserved. or its affiliates. Inc., Education, © Pearson how it even got here is stranger than any conspiracy theory. For one thing, it was built as an addition to one of America’s most famous luxury resorts, the Greenbrier Resort in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains.

IL5 70+6+PFGRGPFGPV.GCTPKPIr6JG5GETGV$WPMGT%QPITGUU0GXGT7UGF © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 workers andguestswere told thatthegiantholeinground ground onwhattheycalled“Project Greek Island.” for acongressional bunker. In1958, governmentworkersbroke “That newlanguageistheofatomicwarfare.” military profession, wouldhavepreferred nevertouse,”hesaid. is new—onewhichI,whohavespentsomuchof mylife inthe of anuclearwar. about howtomaintainlawandorder in America intheaftermath construction offalloutsheltersstartedtotakeoff. go backtothemid-1950swhenawholeindustrybuiltaround the under thenosesof America’s vacationingaristocrats—youhave to these 1,100bedswasassignedtosomebody.” personal itemsinhere,” Contesays.“For30years,everyoneof a smalldrawer, rightunderneaththebeds,youcouldputyour you walkin.Wind howlsaround youandsucksallthedoorsshut. to filteroutradiation—thatitcreates avacuum-likeeffect when of aWalMart. Theair-intake systemissointricate—it was meant hobnobbed 2. 2. 1. 1. in theeventofnuclear Armageddon. bunker thatwouldhouseeverymemberoftheHouseandSenate veranda. and kingsprimeministersdrinkingmintjulepsonthe all therecords anddocumentshistoricphotosofpresidents property.every square inchoftheGreenbrier’s Hehadaccessto Greenbrier.” in here incaseofwarandgotothebunkerthat’sunder thing—not thatitwasso“thegovernmentcouldflytheirpeople people?” herecounts. Mostly, hetoldthemthere wasnosuch questions. Bob Conte,arrivedin1978,localsstartedbadgeringhimwith post apocalyptic bunker. official historian, WhentheGreenbrier’s Armageddon hobnobbed It wasjustaboutafour-hour drivefrom Washington. Hotel Eisenhower decidedtheGreenbrier wouldbeaperfectcover “I feelimpelledtospeaktodayinalanguagethat, inasense, In thelate1950s,President DwightEisenhowerstartedtoworry To understandwhyandevenhowthisbunkerwasbuilt—right Built inanAtomicAge “All theyhadforprivateitemsthatyoucouldlockupwere The sleepingquartersincludesrows ofmetalbunkbeds. Behind three-foot-thick concrete walls isaspaceaboutthesize Bankers, industrialists,andgovernmentadvisersall But justafewyards from Conte’sownoffice wasthereinforced Thing is,Contedidn’treally knowanythingaboutit.Heknew A SecretHomefortheHouseandSenate “Why isthere a7,000-footlandingstripfortownof3,000 1 attheresort, unknowinglyrightnextdoortothe (HOB nobd) nobd) (HOB (ahr muh GEHD uhn) final destructive battle or conflict. or battle uhn) destructive (ahr final muhGEHD v. socially mingled. socially 70+6+PFGRGPFGPV.GCTPKPIr6JG5GETGV$WPMGT%QPITGUU0GXGT 2 NOTES 7UGF IL6 IL7 NOTES 70+6+PFGRGPFGPV.GCTPKPIr6JG5GETGV$WPMGT%QPITGUU0GXGT 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 changed, allthepharmaceuticals operational readiness. employees whohadtokeepthebunkerinaconstantstateof Forsyth Associates wasacover:These were secret government they workedforwascalledForsyth Associates. As itturned out, worked atthehotelbutdidn’tworkforhotel.Thecompany bunker. been amongthefewpeopleinworldwhoknewabout served inCongress. Contefoundoutlaterthattheywould have Humphrey were frequent guestsoftheGreenbrier whenthey most ofthemwere formen. 1992. Forone,there were many, many, MANY bathrooms. And existencewasexposedbythe the bunker’s communications centerinhere.” would haverecorded allsessionsofCongress. There wasabig of theseats.Theywouldattachmicrophones there becausethey says. “You canseethelittlemetalattachmentsthere ontheback the HouseofRepresentatives. “There were microphones,” Conte years,” hesays. meeting here, andalotofcarcompanieshavemethere overthe “exhibit hall.” was partoftheoriginaldesign,”Contesaysinaroom usedasan secret bunkernotknowingtheywere inasecret bunker—which least partofitwould. would houseanewconference facility. Infact,itwould—orat 3. know nothing. You really knownothing,”hesays. Arkin isoneofthem,and he’snotsaying. one, justahandfulofpeople knowwhere itis. the U.S.Congress. 1992, there’s agoodchancethiswouldstillbethesecret homeof used asasecure datastoragefacility. Haditnotbeenexposedin of food,periodicallyrefreshed. was ready togo,”Contesays.Thatwouldbeasix-monthsupply pharmaceuticals Another thingwasthatbothGeraldFord andHubert “For that30years,youhadtomakesure allthefilterswere Finally, there wasamysteriouscrew ofTVtechnicianswho There were afewweird coincidencesthatContenoticedbefore Some StrangeClues Down anothercorridorisaroom thatwastobethefloorof “You wouldhavetheWest Virginia Medical Association “In the30years,thousandsofpeoplewalkedinandouta “If you’re anormalmemberofCongress, myguessisthatyou But nowthatsecret homeissomewhere else. And, likethelast Today, partofthebunkerisatouristattraction. Another partis The SecretMovesOn,ButNottheBunker (fahr muh SOO tuhkuhlz) (fahr muhSOO 7UGF 3 were up-to date, andallthefood n. medicinal drugs. Washington Post Post

reporter Bill ❧ in

The End of the World Might Just Look Like This

Megan Gambino

About the Author Megan Gambino is a writer and associate editor for Smithsonian.com, the SCAN FOR MULTIMEDIA website of the Smithsonian Institution, which is a historical, cultural, and scientific research institute and museum established by the United States government. Gambino founded the Smithsonian Magazine’s “Document Deep Dive” feature, in which writers closely examine history’s most famous documents.

BACKGROUND Mass extinction, when a majority of the species on Earth rapidly die out, has occurred at least five times. Cataclysms such as supervolcanoes and asteroids have caused immense destruction, while smaller-scale disasters such as tsunamis and earthquakes occur often in the modern day.

NOTES © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. or its affiliates. Inc., Education, © Pearson 1 Artist Ron Miller illustrates what it might look like if an asteroid the size of the one that struck the Yucatan peninsula 65 million years ago, which left a 93-mile-wide crater and most likely triggered the extinction of the dinosaurs, hit New Jersey. © Ron Miller

70+6+PFGRGPFGPV.GCTPKPIr6JG'PFQHVJG9QTNF/KIJV,WUV.QQM.KMG6JKU IL8 IL9 NOTES 70+6+PFGRGPFGPV.GCTPKPIr6JG'PFQHVJG9QTNF/KIJV,WUV. 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 Scientific American been featured innumerous magazines,including From CrackpotPredictions toScientificScenarios. more than50books,hislatest being career asafreelance illustratorin1977. Einstein Planetariumforfiveyearsbefore embarking ona as thefacility’sartdirector. Heheldthispostatthe Albert his artwork,effectively convincingthemuseumtohire him was openingaplanetariuminthe1970s,hesentsomeof heard theSmithsonian’sNational Air andSpaceMuseum do scientific artwork,”hesays. eventually occurred tomethatIcouldcombinethetwo,and Columbus Collegeof Art andDesigninOhiothe1960s.“It another love,art.Heearnedadegree inillustrationfrom alike tome.” to beascientist—andallnumbersover80lookpretty much to realize thatyouhavetosomekindofabilitiesinmath have lovedastronomy,” hesays.“Butitdidn’ttakemelong selection of Miller’s work: selection ofMiller’s stresses. and blackholesare accurate.“Itrytogetthingsright,” he his illustrationsofrising seas,asteroids, gammaray bursts, Miller. Heconsultswith scientistsandothersources, sothat research thingsthanittakestoactuallydothepicture,” says actually scientifically plausible.“Sometimesittakeslongerto the end-of-the-worldscenariosare pure fantasy, mostare compelling seriesdepictingtheapocalypse.While someof as closethemoonistoEarth.Hehasalsocreated a what ourskylinewouldlooklikeif otherplanetswere take meaweektopaintinday,” headds. much quickertime.Icoulddoapieceofartworkthatwould Photoshop. “ThiswayIcandohigherqualityworkina Boston, Virginia, nowcomposesmostofhisimagesin all ittooktosellmeonit.”Theartist,whohailsfrom South said, ‘Oh,theselookjustlikeRonMillerpaintings.’That’s he says.“Ididafewandshowedthemtomyfriendswho digital foralongtime.Ithoughtitwouldlookgeneric,” Total Recall dabbled infilm,asaproduction illustratorfor About 10yearsago,Millerpickedupdigitalart.“Iresisted In the past few decades, Miller has written and illustrated In thepastfewdecades,Millerhaswrittenandillustrated Miller testedhishandatastronomical paintings.Whenhe So, whilekeepinguphisinterest inscience,Millerpursued Ron Millerwantedtobeascientist.“SinceIwaslittle, The reality isdramaticenough.Seeforyourself, inthis Recently, Millerreleased aseriesofimagesthatshows (1990). , National Geographic QQM.KMG6JKU Is theEndofWorld Near? , and Discover His artwork has Hisartworkhas Dune Air &Space (1984) and (1984)and , and he has , andhehas ,

© Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. © Ron Miller A BLACK HOLE SWALLOWS THE EARTH 9 From Miller: In this case, you have a stray black hole that wandered just a wee tad too close to Earth. I got the black hole pretty right. I have the polar jets, which its magnetic field causes. The energy pours into these things from incoming material and gets shot out these plasma1 jets from the north and south poles. Earth has probably got about 15 minutes left, I think. Just like the moon causes tides on Earth, the gravity of the black hole is so great that it is pulling much, much harder on one side of Earth than the other. That’s the strain that is ripping the planet apart. As the planet comes apart, all of the debris is spiraling into the debris disk circling the black hole. It goes down that drain into who knows where.

NOTES 1. plasma n. highly energized matter which is not solid, liquid, or gas.

70+6+PFGRGPFGPV.GCTPKPIr6JG'PFQHVJG9QTNF/KIJV,WUV.QQM.KMG6JKU IL10 BURIED UNDER ASH © Ron Miller 10 From Miller: I found out about what the ashfall might be like if the Yellowstone Caldera1 did erupt. South Dakota is not that far away from Wyoming, and we are talking about hundreds to maybe 1,000 feet or more, which if I average it would bring it about up to the chins of the presidents. Who knows? Even talking to the scientists, it is all very speculative. If the explosion is such-and-such size and if the winds blow the right way . . . speculation piled upon speculation. There is a broad range of ash depths. I picked the one that would be right for me. I came up with Mount Rushmore buried in ash.

1. Yellowstone Caldera (kal DEHR uh) massive dormant volcano under Yellowstone National Park.

IL11 70+6+PFGRGPFGPV.GCTPKPIr6JG'PFQHVJG9QTNF/KIJV,WUV.QQM.KMG6JKU SUBMERGED UNDER RISING SEAS © Ron Miller 11 From Miller: This shows sea level rise, maybe only even a couple decades from now, considering that London is pretty much at sea level to start with. We are only talking about a few tens of feet to flood the city. I made sure I covered the bus with seagull guano. Attention to detail.

NOTES

70+6+PFGRGPFGPV.GCTPKPIr6JG'PFQHVJG9QTNF/KIJV,WUV.QQM.KMG6JKU IL12 METEORS STRIKE EARTH © Ron Miller 12 From Miller: I deliberately made that big crater the same size as the one in Arizona, just for scale. If the meteor that made Meteor Crater 30,000 years ago had hit Manhattan, that is the size of the hole. It is about a half of a mile wide. I drew the Arizona crater on top of a map of Manhattan. A lot of people have seen pictures of the Meteor Crater in Arizona, but it is hard to tell the scale of it because it is out there in the middle of the desert. So putting the two together, I think, gives people an idea of how awful this sort of thing might be.

NOTES

IL13 70+6+PFGRGPFGPV.GCTPKPIr6JG'PFQHVJG9QTNF/KIJV,WUV.QQM.KMG6JKU A TSUNAMI POUNDS THE EAST COAST 13 From Miller: This is supposed to be a tsunami resulting from the collapse of an underwater mountain in the Azores.1 I did six different versions of this. I did some predicting about how big that tsunami would be, which wouldn’t be anything like this. The magazine editors wanted the Statue of Liberty half way up her hips in water. In my original one, the base was still showing. Once again, it is speculation upon speculation when you talk about some of this stuff. This is probably as reasonable as anything. Left to my own devices, I’ll be a little conservative. For all I know, this is right.

1. Azores (AY zawrz) volcanic islands in the North Atlantic.

NOTES

70+6+PFGRGPFGPV.GCTPKPIr6JG'PFQHVJG9QTNF/KIJV,WUV.QQM.KMG6JKU IL14 THE SUN TURNS INTO A RED GIANT © Ron Miller 14 From Miller: This one we know is going to happen. The Sun turns into a red giant about three billion years from now. I put a Mayan stele there just because I thought it would be funny to have the only thing remaining be something Mayan. The Sun has melted Earth down, and it is not even as big as it is going to get. The Sun will probably engulf Earth eventually.

NOTES

IL15 70+6+PFGRGPFGPV.GCTPKPIr6JG'PFQHVJG9QTNF/KIJV,WUV.QQM.KMG6JKU © Ron Miller A GAMMA RAY BURST COOKS THE EARTH 15 From Miller: In this scenario, a star produces a gamma ray burst. Basically, it is a blast of high energy particles, almost like an x-ray beam. It would microwave Earth. These things have happened. At least one of the big extinction events, about 450 million years ago, might have been caused by one of these things. There is no telling when the next one will be; they just sort of happen. Yippee. NOTES

70+6+PFGRGPFGPV.GCTPKPIr6JG'PFQHVJG9QTNF/KIJV,WUV.QQM.KMG6JKU IL16 POETRY

Fire and Ice

Robert Frost

Meet the Poet SCAN FOR Robert Frost (1874–1963) was born in California, but MULTIMEDIA his poetry found its imagery in rural New England. A four-time Pulitzer Prize winner, Frost wrote his early poetry while farming in New Hampshire but only achieved success after moving to England in 1912. After returning to the United States in 1915, he soon found himself the most prominent poet in America.

BACKGROUND This selection is possibly Robert Frost’s most famous poem. A colleague of Frost’s, astronomer Harlow Shapley, claimed to have inspired it when Frost asked him about likely ways the Earth might be destroyed. Shapley suggested the sun either cooling or expanding, causing either an ice age or the planet’s incineration.

Some say the world will end in fire, NOTES Some say in ice. From what I’ve tasted of desire I hold with those who favor fire. 5 But if it had to perish twice, I think I know enough of hate To say that for destruction ice Is also great And would suffice. © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. or its affiliates. Inc., Education, © Pearson

IL17 70+6+PFGRGPFGPV.GCTPKPIr(KTGCPF+EGr2GTJCRUVJG9QTNF'PFU*GTG POETRY

Perhaps the World Ends Here

Joy Harjo

Meet the Poet Joy Harjo (b. 1951), a member of the Mvskoke SCAN FOR MULTIMEDIA Nation, has published seven books of poetry and four award-winning albums of original music as well as other works, including For a Girl Becoming, a young-adult coming-of-age novel. Born in Tulsa, Oklahoma, Harjo now lives in Albuquerque, New Mexico. She tours nationally and internationally with her band, the Arrow Dynamics.

BACKGROUND While Perhaps the World Ends Here does not explicitly reference Joy Harjo’s Mvskoke (also written as Muscogee) heritage, it describes her sense of community and a community’s place in nature. These themes are universal, and Harjo draws on her background to explore them.

The world begins at a kitchen table. No matter what, we must eat NOTES to live.

The gifts of earth are brought and prepared, set on the table. So it has been since creation, and it will go on.

We chase chickens or dogs away from it. Babies teethe at the corners. They scrape their knees under it.

It is here that children are given instructions on what it means to be human. We make men at it, we make women. © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. or its affiliates. Inc., Education, © Pearson 5 At this table we gossip, recall enemies and the ghosts of lovers.

Our dreams drink coffee with us as they put their arms around our children. They laugh with us at our poor falling-down selves and as we put ourselves back together once again at the table.

70+6+PFGRGPFGPV.GCTPKPIr(KTGCPF+EGr2GTJCRUVJG9QTNF'PFU*GTG IL18 IL19 NOTES 70+6+PFGRGPFGPV.GCTPKPIr(KTGCPF+EGr2GTJCRUVJG9QTNF 10 At thistablewesingwithjoy, withsorrow. We prayofsuffering laughing andcrying,eatingofthelastsweetbite. Perhaps theworldwillendatkitchentable,whileweare and remorse. We givethanks. for burialhere. We havegivenbirthonthistable,andprepared ourparents shadow ofterror. A placetocelebrate theterriblevictory. Wars havebegunandendedatthistable.Itisaplacetohideinthe This tablehasbeenahouseintherain,anumbrella inthesun. 'PFU*GTG

❧

SCAN FOR MULTIMEDIA

About the Reporter Scott Pelley (b. 1957) is one of the most experienced reporters in broadcast journalism and has served as NOTES CPEJQTCPFOCPCIKPIGFKVQTQHVJG%$5'XGPKPI0GYU since 2011. His reporting has received a George Foster Peabody award, three Emmys, and numerous other awards. For the news show 60 Minutes, Pelley has covered front-line combat in Iraq, U.S. politics, and foreign affairs, among other topics.

BACKGROUND In this selection, 60 Minutes investigates the efforts of an organization dedicated to finding ways to survive future disasters. Many such organizations exist, such as the Future of Humanity Institute at Oxford. $[RTGRCTKPIHQTRQVGPVKCNUEGPCTKQUVJGUGITQWRUJQRGVQRTGXGPVC serious catastrophe from becoming the end of the world. © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. or its affiliates. Inc., Education, © Pearson

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