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Workshop on the Martiannorthern Plains: Sedimentological,Periglacial, and Paleoclimaticevolution

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Workshop on the Martiannorthern Plains: Sedimentological,Periglacial, and Paleoclimaticevolution NASA-CR-194831 19940015909 WORKSHOP ON THE MARTIANNORTHERN PLAINS: SEDIMENTOLOGICAL,PERIGLACIAL, AND PALEOCLIMATICEVOLUTION MSATT ..V",,2' :o_ MarsSurfaceandAtmosphereThroughTime Lunar and PlanetaryInstitute 3600 Bay AreaBoulevard Houston TX 77058-1113 ' _ LPI/TR--93-04Technical, Part 1 Report Number 93-04, Part 1 L • DISPLAY06/6/2 94N20382"£ ISSUE5 PAGE2088 CATEGORY91 RPT£:NASA-CR-194831NAS 1.26:194831LPI-TR-93-O4-PT-ICNT£:NASW-4574 93/00/00 29 PAGES UNCLASSIFIEDDOCUMENT UTTL:Workshopon the MartianNorthernPlains:Sedimentological,Periglacial, and PaleoclimaticEvolution TLSP:AbstractsOnly AUTH:A/KARGEL,JEFFREYS.; B/MOORE,JEFFREY; C/PARKER,TIMOTHY PAA: A/(GeologicalSurvey,Flagstaff,AZ.); B/(NationalAeronauticsand Space Administration.GoddardSpaceFlightCenter,Greenbelt,MD.); C/(Jet PropulsionLab.,CaliforniaInst.of Tech.,Pasadena.) PAT:A/ed.; B/ed.; C/ed. CORP:Lunarand PlanetaryInst.,Houston,TX. SAP: Avail:CASIHC A03/MFAOI CIO: UNITEDSTATES Workshopheld in Fairbanks,AK, 12-14Aug.1993;sponsored by MSATTStudyGroupandAlaskaUniv. MAJS:/*GLACIERS/_MARSSURFACE/*PLAINS/*PLANETARYGEOLOGY/*SEDIMENTS MINS:/ HYDROLOGICALCYCLE/ICE/MARS CRATERS/MORPHOLOGY/STRATIGRAPHY ANN: Papersthathavebeen acceptedforpresentationat the Workshopon the MartianNorthernPlains:Sedimentological,Periglacial,and Paleoclimatic Evolution,on 12-14Aug. 1993in Fairbanks,Alaskaare included.Topics coveredinclude:hydrologicalconsequencesof pondedwateron Mars; morpho!ogical and morphometric studies of impact cratersin the Northern Plainsof Mars; a wet-geology and cold-climateMarsmodel:punctuation of ENTER: _IORE J3 1176rJ01403 iii6785tltt . WORKSHOP ON THE MARTIAN NORTHERN PLAINS: SEDIMENTOLOGICAL, PERIGLACIAL, AND PALEOCLIMATIC EVOLUTION : Edited by J. S. Kargel, J. Moore, and T. Parker Held in Fairbanks, Alaska August 12-14, 1993 Sponsored by MSATT Study Group Lunar and Planetary Institute University of Alaska Lunar and Planetary Institute 3600 Bay Area Boulevard Houston TX 77058-1113 LPI Technical ReportNumber 93-04, Part 1 LPI/TR--93-04, Part 1 Compiled in 1993 by LUNAR AND PLANETARY INSTITUTE The Institute is operated by the University Space Research Association under Contract No. NASW-4574 with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Material in this volume may be copied without restraint for library, abstract service, education, or personal research purposes; however, republication of any paper or portion thereof requires the written permission of theauthors as well as the appropriate acknowledgment of this publication. This report may be cited as Kargel J. S. et al., eds. (1993) Workshop on the Martian Northern Plains: Sedimentological. Periglaeial, and Paleoclintatic Evolution. LPI Tech. Rpt. 93-04, Part I, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston. 23 pp. This reportis distributed by ORDER DEPARTMENT Lunarand PlanetaryInstitute 3600 Bay AreaBoulevard HoustonTX 77058-1113 Mail order requestors will be invoiced for the cost of shipph_gand handling. LPi Technical Report 93-04, Part I iii Preface This volume containspapers that have been accepted for presentation at the Workshop on the Martian Northern Plains: Sedimentological, Periglacial, and Paleoclimatic Evolution, August 12-14, 1993, in Fairbanks, Alaska. The Program Committee consisted of Jeffrey S. Kargel (USGS, Flagstaff), Jeffrey Moore (NASA Ames Research Center), and Timothy Parker (Jet Propulsion Laboratory). Logistics and administrative and publications support were provided by the Publications and Program Services Department staff at the Lunar and Planetary Institute. LPi Technical Report 93.04. Part I v Contents Hydrological Consequences of Ponded Water on Mars V. R. Baker .................................................................................................................................... 1 Morphologic and Morphometric Studies of Impact Craters in the Northern Plains of Mars N. G. Barlow .................................................................................................................................. 2 Calderas Produced by Hydromagmatic Eruptions Through Permafrost in Northwest Alaska J. E. Beg_t ..................................................................................................................................... 3 Milankovitch Insolation Forcing and Cyclic Formation of Large-Scale Glacial, Fluvial, and Eolian Landforms in Central Alaska ................................................................................. 3 J. E. Beg_t The Fate of Water Deposited in the Low-Lying Northem Plains M. H. Carr ..................................................................................................................................... 3 Evidence for an Ice Sheet/Frozen Lake in Utopia Planitia, Mars M. G. Chapman ............................................................................................................................. 4 A Wet-Geology and Cold-Climate Mars Model: Punctuation of a Slow Dynamic Approach to Equilibrium J. S. Kargel .................................................................................................................................... 5 Possible Occurrence and Origin of Massive Ice in Utopia Planitia J. S. Kargel and F. M. Costard ...................................................................................................... 7 Ice in the Northern Plains: Relic of a Frozen Ocean B. K. Lucchitta ............................................................................................................................... 9 Observed Climatic Activity Pertaining to the Evolution of the Northern Plains L. J. Martin and P. B. James 10 A Model for the Origin of Martian Polygonal Terrain G. E. McGilt ................................................................................................................................ 10 The Distribution of Ground Ice on Mars M. T. Mellon and B. M. Jakosky .................................................................................................. 12 't i A Marine Sedimentary Model for the Evolution of the Northern Plains T. J. Parker and D. S. Gorsline .................................................................................................... 12 vi Workshop on the Marlian Northern Plains Cryoplanation Terraces of Interior and Western Alaska R. D. Reger .................................................................................................................................. 14 The Thumbprint Terrain: What Will Mars Observer Tell Us? M. W. Schaefer ......................... ................................................................................................... 15 Stratigraphy of the Martian Northern Plains K. L. Tanaka ................................................................................................................................ 15 Seismic-Triggering History of the Catastrophic Outflows in the Chryse Region of Mars K. L. Tanaka and S. M. Clifford .................................................................................................. 17 A Formational Model for the Polygonal Terrains of Mars: Taking a "Crack" at the Genesis of the Martian Polygons M. L. Wenrich and P. R. Christensen ........................................................................................... 19 Balloon Exploration of the Northern Plains of Mars Near and North of the Viking 2 Landing Site F. R. West .................................................................................................................................... 21 Geomorphic Evidence for an EolianContribution to the Formation of the Martian Northern Plains J. R. Zimbelman ........................................................................................................................... 21 i LPITechnicalReport93-04.PartI I Abstracts HYDROLOGICALCONSEQUENCES OFPONDED WATER recognizeatleastone suchspillwayleading fromtheElysium Basin. ON MARS. V.R. Baker,DepartmentofGeosciences, University It is likely that martianflood channels may have developed a of Arizona,Tucson AZ 84721, USA. regime relationship to the scale of their water reservoirs. This behavior has been documented for catastrophic floods on Earth Althoughgeomorphologicalevidencefor ancienthighly active (Fig. 1), and it seems probable for Mars. water cycling has long beenobvious for Mars[I-4], geochemical The associationof the northernmartianplainsof ancientlakes analyseshaveonlyrecentlybeenfoundtobeconsistentwiththisfact or seas, glaciers, permafrost,andrelatedphenomenais reminiscent [e.g., 5]. One approach to understandingthe geomorphological of certainfull-glacial Quaternaryphenomenaon Earth. Marginal evidence has been to estimate the total volume of the martian lakes and spillways of theLaurentideice sheet [25]and the newly hydrosphere[e.g., 2,6,7].HereI willdiscussanapproachfocusedon discovered catastrophicpaleofloodsof centralAsia [24] providea the history of changingwater processeson the planet,and on the rich new treasure for geological reasoning aboutthe responsible understandingof those processes in a global sense, processes. Regionalrelationshipsfor the Asian lakesare shown in Althoughtheargumentsfor thevarious full-scale Marsocean Fig. 2. hypotheses [e.g., 8-11 ] are still muchdebated[ 12],there is abun- dantevidenceforsmaller-scalelacustrinebasins,bothearly [13,14] 10o.ooo.oooA Constmet_l Dams K_'o and late [15-17] in martian history. Like the so-called "'pluvial" oG_d_tDa_ lakes of Earth's arid regions, these martian water bodies had a Io.0oo.ooo transient existence, during which
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