The Next Q400: Evaluating the Evolutionary Options of a Turboprop
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Ryerson University Digital Commons @ Ryerson Theses and dissertations 1-1-2012 The exN t Q400: Evaluating the Evolutionary Options of a Turboprop Tiago Dos Santos Ryerson University Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.ryerson.ca/dissertations Part of the Aeronautical Vehicles Commons Recommended Citation Dos Santos, Tiago, "The exN t Q400: Evaluating the Evolutionary Options of a Turboprop" (2012). Theses and dissertations. Paper 722. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ Ryerson. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Ryerson. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE NEXT Q400 Evaluating the Evolutionary Options of a Turboprop By TIAGO DOS SANTOS, B.ENG. TORONTO, ONTARIO, CANADA January 12th, 2011 A THESIS PRESENTED TO RYERSON UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ENGINEERING IN THE PROGRAM OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING TORONTO, ONTARIO, CANADA, 2012 © TIAGO DOS SANTOS 2012 II IV II. ABSTRACT THE NEXT Q400: Evaluating the Evolutionary Options of a Turboprop BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING, 2012 TIAGO RIBEIRO DOS SANTOS MASTER OF ENGINEERING - AEROSPACE RYERSON UNIVERSITY The intent of this paper was to examine the possible future development that Bombardier Aerospace could make with regards to the DHC-8-Q400 turboprop. The venerable Q400 is a proven design that saw great success through the 2000’s and must now either be upgraded or replaced in order for Bombardier to remain competitive. Three proposals were examined from a high level perspective: 1. A shortened design of the Q400; 2. An extension of the Q400 design; 3. And a clean sheet turboprop design. Each proposal was reviewed on the basis of its merits in development cost, infrastructure requirements, technical requirements, and market demand for the particular configuration. Further to this, a survey of media reports on the market desire for new turboprop acquisition and competitive airframe developers design forecast was carried out. Based on this evaluation, the extended design of the base Q400 was selected to be the best candidate for Bombardier to develop and therefore, remain successful in the aircraft development market. V VI III. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS There have been a number of persons that have helped to make this paper possible. I would like to thank Ryerson University as the institution that provided me with the theoretical background and practical experience in Aerospace Engineering. The faculty at Ryerson was always available for my numerous questions and supported me in developing the ideas that made up this paper. Specifically, Dr. Jason V. Lassaline provided me with the necessary guidance to keep things on track and the goal always in sight. To my work group at Bombardier and the instructors at Flight Safety International, I thank them for their insights into the industry and technical information regarding the Q400. And finally, I would like to thank my family and friends, who have always supported my love of flight and have always encouraged me to achieve anything I set my mind to. VII VIII IV. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. DECLARATIONS ........................................................ III II. ABSTRACT .............................................................. V III. ACKNOWLADGMENTS ..................................................... VII IV. TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................... IX V. LIST OF TABLES ....................................................... XI VI. LIST OF FIGURES .................................................... XIII VII. NOMENCLATURE ......................................................... XV 1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................... 1 2. THE Q400.............................................................. 5 2.1. HISTORY..............................................................5 2.2. Specifications......................................................11 3. THE MARKET........................................................... 15 3.1. FORECASTING.........................................................16 3.2. DEMAND AND LOCALITY CONSIDERATIONS..................................18 3.3. COMPETITION.........................................................22 3.4. Supplier Considerations.............................................28 4. SHORTENED Q400S DESIGN PROPOSAL ...................................... 31 4.1. Q400S DESIGN REQUIREMENTS...........................................31 4.2. Q400S TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS......................................33 4.3. Q400S DESIGN FEASABILITY............................................35 5. EXTENDED Q400X DESIGN PROPOSAL ........................................37 5.1. Q400X DESIGN REQUIREMENTS...........................................38 5.2. Q400X TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS......................................39 5.3. Q400X DESIGN FEASABILITY............................................41 6. QX DESIGN PROPOSAL ....................................................45 6.1. QX DESIGN REQUIREMENTS..............................................46 6.2. QX TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS.........................................48 6.3. QX DESIGN FEASABILITY...............................................50 7. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT SELECTION .........................................51 8. CONCLUSIONS ...........................................................57 R. REFERENCES ............................................................59 A. APPENDIX ..............................................................61 IX X V. LIST OF TABLES Table 7.1 - Aircraft Proposal Decision Matrix....................... 53 Table A.1 - Bombardier 2011 MARKET FORECAST......................... 66 Table A.2 - ATR 20-YEAR MARKET FORECAST............................. 66 Table A.3 - Aircraft Proposal's Technical Attributes................ 67 XI XII VI. LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 - SATA Bombardier DHC-8 Q400................................1 Figure 1.2 - ATR ATR-72-202............................................2 Figure 2.1 - de Havilland DHC-7........................................5 Figure 2.2 - de Havilland DHC-7 3-View.................................6 Figure 2.3 - de Havilland DHC-8 Series 100.............................6 Figure 2.4 - de Havilland DHC-8 Series / Q100 3-View...................7 Figure 2.5 - de Havilland DHC-8 Series / Q300 3-View...................8 Figure 2.6 - de Havilland DHC-8 Series 200.............................9 Figure 2.7 - Bombardier DHC-8 Series 400..............................10 Figure 2.8 – Bombardier DHC-8 Q400 3-View.............................10 Figure 2.9 - Bombardier Q400 Breakdown................................12 Figure 3.1 - Antonov An-24RV..........................................19 Figure 3.2 - Delta Connection CRJ-200 Operated by Skywest.............20 Figure 3.3 - ATR 42-202...............................................23 Figure 3.4 - ATR 72-600...............................................23 Figure 3.5 - Embraer EMB-120..........................................25 Figure 3.6 – EMB-145..................................................26 Figure 3.7 - Embraer EMB-170 E-Jet....................................27 Figure 3.8 - Pratt and Whitney Canada PW-150A Turboprop Engine........28 Figure 3.9 – GE38 Turbo-shaft Engine..................................29 Figure 4.1 - Q400S 3D Render..........................................34 Figure 5.1 - Q400X 3D Render..........................................40 Figure 6.1 - Bombardier CSeries CS300.................................47 Figure 6.2 - Bombardier CSeries 5-Abreast Seating Configuration.......47 Figure 6.3 - 3D Model of QX Proposal..................................49 Figure A.3 - Bombardier Q400 Fuselage Dimensions......................61 Figure A.4 - Sample Q400 Interior Configuration (72 Seats)............62 Figure A.5 - Q400S Proposal 3-View....................................63 Figure A.6 - Q400X Proposal 3-View....................................64 Figure A.7 - QX Proposal 3 View.......................................65 Figure A.8 - London City Airport ICAO Information.....................68 XIII XIV VII. NOMENCLATURE AOA Angle of Attack APU Auxiliary Power Unit AR Aspect Ratio ATR Avions de Transport Regional BBD Bombardier Aerospace BHP Brake Horse Power Civil Aviation Administration of CAAC China CD Coefficient of Drag CL Coefficient of Lift D Drag dB Decibels Directorate General of Civil DGCA Aviation E Endurance EASA European Aviation Safety Agency ECS Environmental Control System EMB Embraer Aerospace FAA Federal Aviation Administration GE General Electric L Lift M Moment MTOW Maximum Take-Off Weight P&WC Pratt and Whitney Canada R Range SHP Shaft Horse Power STOL Short Take Off and Landing T Thrust TC Transport Canada WC Crew Weight We Empty Weight Wf Fuel Weight Payload Weight (Passengers and W P Cargo) XV XVI 1. INTRODUCTION The modern industry of regional, low cost airlines has resulted in a strong requirement for relatively low seat count aircraft that are able to service short distance flights. Further to this, the resurgence of high fuel prices over the last decade has seen a return to the turboprop power plant in order to achieve the desirable relatively low fuel consumption. It is in this market that the Bombardier (BBD) Q400 turboprop has marked a successful stake for itself (Figure 1.1). Figure 1.1 - SATA Bombardier DHC-8 Q400 (R. Madieros, 2011) Of course, the success the