Artificial Intelligence Education Module Infinite Challenge of 01 Artificial Intelligence
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software Problem-Solving Activities for Computational Thinkers ❶ Artificial Intelligence education module Infinite Challenge of 01 Artificial Intelligence software education module Deep Learning Monte Carlo Tree Living in an AI World Computational Thinking Map How to Use 1.Deep Learning 2. Monte Carlo Tree This Program Activity 1 Activity 2 Problem Decomposition Problem Decomposition Software is changing the world. The programs installed in computers and apps Cut images of dogs and cats Understand the initial sta- that make it more convenient to use smartphones are all software. Software is in into small pieces and mix tus and target status of tic- them, select similar parts tac-toe every part of our lives, so it is difficult to find areas where we are not affected by software. Recognizing Patterns Recognizing Patterns The state-of-the-art science and technology that we see in the news is also Find characteristics of Find the location of the dogs and cats and look for first mark that affects the helped by software. In turn, progress in math, science and technology advances common characteristics results of tic-tac-toe software further. As such, math, science and technology are closely related with that represent cats and cannot be separated from software. Abstraction Abstraction These module series were created through collaboration between experts in Describe each part’s char - Analyze game results related fields and software education, and its suitability for classrooms has been acteristic as triangles and based on the sequence and verified. As students follow teachers' direction through each module, they will be circles, etc. location of placing marks 3. Living in an AI World able to better understand the world that has been changed by software. Activity 3 Activity 4 Problem Decomposition Recognizing Patterns Recognizing Patterns Problem Decomposition Discover how robot Write a sentence by Write diverse baseball Discover the typical ways cleaners work by using combining the repeated articles and look for repeat- robot cleaners avoid robot cleaner and sensor keywords or prepositions/ ed words or sentences in obstacles elements connectives articles Making an Algorithm Abstraction Abstraction Making an Algorithm Prepare the order based on Make an algorithm so that Select the keywords to Express the methods robot which keywords are entered, robot cleaners can avoid be written in the baseball cleaners use to clean sentences are made with the obstacles and clean article as variables appropriate prepositions/con- nectives and output Automation Automation Make a robot cleaner pro- Make a program for auto - gram matic article writing using Entry software education module CONTENTS Intro Infinite Challenge of Artificial Intelligence 02 PART1 Deep Learning, Learning through Repeating 08 Activity1 Dog or Cat? 12 PART2 Monte Carlo Tree Search 16 Learning Monte Carlo Tree Search Activity2 with Tic-Tac-Toe 22 PART3 Living in an Artificial Intelligence World 24 Activity3 Robot Cleaner Programming 28 Activity4 Reporter Robot 32 Career Exploration Artificial Intelligence Expert 36 Maker Activity Making a Pot, the Guardian of My Plant 38 Infinite Challenge of Artificial Intelligence! Beating professional Go players, writing movie scenarios and playing musical instruments! These are all examples of what artificial intelligence can do today. Entering even these areas that require a high level of thinking ability and creativity, artificial intelligence may be limitless. It is still in its infinite challenge to develop such abilities further. What is artificial intelligence? And how can it easily do all of that work which we thought only humans, with our intellectual capacity, could do? Let’s find out. 2 3 This Is the Age of Artificial Intelligence~! In the spring of 2016, there was a historic match be- 21st century the age of artificial intelligence. not until the 1950s that artificial intelligence was John McCarthy, an American computer scientist tween South Korea’s Se-dol Lee 9-dan and Google’s Artificial intelligence is technology that realizes studied as a discipline. and mathematician. He first used the word “artificial artificial intelligence Go program “AlphaGo”. With the intellectual ability of humans through a com- In 1950, a British intelligence” at a conference held at Dartmouth Se-dol Lee 9-dan losing to AlphaGo 1:4, artificial puter. Due to the striking idea of a self-thinking genius mathematician, College in the US in 1956, and two years later, de- intelligence drew the world’s attention. However, computer and that it could be smarter than hu- Alan Turing, proposed veloped “Lisp“, which is a basic computer language the remarkable achievements of artificial intelli- mans, there are many people who worry that artifi- the “Turing Test” to test for artificial intelligence based on math. Lisp had an gence are nothing new. cial intelligence may one day attack us. In fact, there whether a computer impact not only on artificial intelligence but many “Siri”, developed by Apple, talks to its owners, are several films that describe artificial intelligence could think like a hu- other areas of computing including information makes phone calls and even browses the Internet. as a villain that makes its own judgments and de- man. In the test, a hu- searching and gaming. Google’s self-driving car with embedded artificial stroys the world. British mathematician Alan man chats through a McCarthy predicted that computers would beat intelligence drives on its own. And IBM’s “Watson” However, experts say that we have nothing to fear, Turing, known as the father of computer and decides if humans at chess in the 1970s. However, it wasn’t artificial intelligence, proposed finds information to help doctors by analyzing mas- as all artificial intelligence developed so far cannot the Turing Test to test whether its counterpart is a hu- until 1997 that IBM’s super computer Deep Blue a computer could think like a sive amounts of patient data, and it is believed that think or make judgments on its own like humans human. © wikipedia man or a computer. If it beat world chess champion Garry Kasparov. it will one day be able to diagnose diseases. Watson do. But, we may need to watch out so that technol- is hard to tell whether Like McCarthy, in the 1950s, computer scientists already surprised people when it easily beat a quiz ogy is not developed and applied in ways that harm the chatting partner is a computer or a human, that claimed that artificial intelligence would develop champion on an American game show in 2011. humanity. program has passed the Turing Test and is recog- rapidly, but the results were slower than expected. Meanwhile, artificial intelligence has also entered nized as true artificial intelligence. Unfortunately, As a result, the support for research suddenly the field of art. It is composing, painting and even The father of artificial intelligence is a mathe- no computer has passed the Turing Test yet. In stopped in the 1970s, but as research became active made its debut as a scenario writer. The scenario matician?! 2014, the computer “Eugene Goostman” succeeded again in the 1980s, today’s age of artificial intelli- writer of the short film “Sunspring”, made public on There has been active research on artificial intel- in deceiving 33% of the judges, but it was only a gence began. the Internet in June 2016, is an artificial intelligence ligence since the 1950s. Although ideas about ar- meaningful achievement in that it found some system named Benjamin. Perhaps we can call the tificial intelligence existed prior to this time, it was weaknesses of the Turing Test. The Turing Test is OMG! regarded as the first research on the concept of ar- Film director Oscar Sharp and artificial intelligence researcher Ross Goodwin developed the artificial intelligence writing scenario A self-driving car under development by Google. tificial intelligence. This is why Turing is called the system “Benjamin”. One can watch “Sunspring” by reading the QR With diverse cameras and sensors, Google Car rides code with a smartphone. on roads without a driver. © google father of artificial intelligence. At the same time, there is another person who is also known as the father of artificial intelligence — Garry Kasparov is the greatest chess player in history, holding the champion position for 15 years from 1985 to 2000, but he lost to IBM’s chess program Deep Blue in 1997. 4 5 Infinite Challenge of Artificial Intelligence~! AlphaGo was able to beat Se-dol Lee 9-dan be- to beat even professional players. A Monte Carlo by artificial intelligence robots from January 2016. cause of “deep learning”, which is based on self- Tree Search is a skill used to calculate where it When the stock market closes, the robot journalists learning. Deep learning is a machine learning should put Go stones for a higher win probability. write articles in 0.3 seconds using the data related method where a program learns on its own through Go is a game where stones of two colors — black to the stock market, although it uses pre-arranged repeated failure and success, and the computer is and white — expand their respective territories basic sentences. given a large amount of data to find general rules on a grid board of 361 intersections. So, there are Overseas, robot journalists are writing news not among the data. 361 intersections where the first black stone can be only on the stock market but also sports matches, placed, and there are 360 intersections for white, weather and disasters, etc., based on data. Although Deep Learning: learning on its own which takes the next turn. Therefore, the number robot journalists cannot write articles with in-depth In 2012, Google taught artificial intelligence to Google’s artificial intelligence system AlphaGo that played against of the first combination of black and white turns analysis yet, if they continue to learn vocabulary distinguish cats by applying deep learning meth- Se-dol Lee 9-dan built its Go ability using self-learning methods of would be 361×360=129,960.