Volume 8 No. 4 Published at UCSD 16th year of publication Nov. 2 - Nov. 18 1982

StudentCooperative Union’s study of UC-CIAties hampered... U.S. Courtof AppealsStrikes Blow AgainstFreedom of InformationAct

The U.S. Courtof Appealsaffirmed a courtdecision September 27th thatstrikes a major.blowagainst attempts to use the Freedomof InformationAct to obtain informationabout CIA covertactivities. Noted ACLU attorneySusan Shaffer, who workedon the case,"1 am afraidthis is the end of the road for FOIA requestsregarding CIA covertactivity on universitycampuses." The rulingupheld the CIA’s refusal to confirmor denythe existenceof recordspertaining to covertcontacts for foreign intelligence purposes ¢ betweenthe Central Intelligence Agency and the Universityof California / in responseto an FOIA requestfiled several years ago by UCLA graduate studentNathan Gardels. Documentswhich were releasedin responseto Gardels’request have revealedfar rangingand extensive ties between the C1A and the Universityof California,including research, recruiting, training of CIA agents,and the loaningof UC personnelto the CIA as advisors.(see: NIC Disorientation Manualfor informationon theseties). Copies of the documentswhich were releasedto Gardelsare in the possessionof the StudentCooperative Union and are availablefor inspectionin the office--Room209, Student Center. The SCU 6 has alsofiled several FOIA reque.sts seeking to updatethe CIAreleases, and to obtaininformation not previouslyreleased by the CIA. In a recentpress release, the StudentCooperative Union’s Organizing SupportGroup denounced the appealscourt ruling, noting: "Thisis oneof a longstring of courtcases and legislation aimed at curtailingthe Freedomof InformationAct, and preventingpublic scrutinyof agencieslike the CIA,the Pentagonand the FBI." % Therelease also noted that this ruling made it clearthat the SCU wouldhave to abandonits attemptsto secure documentationof covertties between the University of Californiaand the CIA throughthe FOIA. However, the SCU noted,"this does not mean thatwe are abandoningour attemptsto documentthe full nature and extentof UC-CIARelations. Muchof the informationwe haverequested through theFOIA does not tall within the categories protected from disclosure by the courts. Moreovel we arestepping up ourefforts to obtain fromother sources." Currently.the CIA has agreedto updatethe documentsreleased to Gardels,to release documentsrelating to CIA tiesto Scripps Institutionof Oceanography,the VisibilityLab and the MarinePhysical Lab, and to replacecertain documentswhich were illegible as released.In addition,the CIA has agreedto releasedocuments on theInstitute for Policy Analysis as soonas it t~ceives a depositof $100.Lately the CIA hasbeen stalling on otherdocuments requested, has beenthreatening to assessmassive fees even though it earlierstated that it wouldprovide all requesteddocuments (except the ones relatingto theInstitute for Policy Analysis) for free, and workfor the CIA.That subjectis has been demandingthat copiesof documentsrequested Cuba,Vietnem, and othernations which theprovince of the schools,their underthe FOIA be providedto the Agencybefore it have drawnthe government’swrath, the assassinationof activists such as Patrice faculties,their students, and the determines "whether searches are Lumumba. public,not the FOIA.(page 12) feasible."(Letter from CIA to SCU,23 September1982. See page8 for text of But thereis anotherreason the CIA The University,and Attiyeh,to date That,however, did not stopthe court letter). has refusedto releasethis information, haverefused to provideaccess to such from enablingthe CIA to withholdthe "thatthe disclosure...wouidsetoff an informationnecessary for collegesand TheSCU is attemptingto raisethe one information,or even to respondto SCU overt ’campuscampaign’, led by so- the publicto makesuch decisions on an hundreddollars to securethe documents requeststhat it be madeavailable. called’campus activists’, to uncover informedbasis, and to enforcethem. on the Institutefor PolicyAnalysis, The problemof UC-CIAties is partof covertsources at institutions,with the Indeed,the CIA has good cause to be whichis knownto havedone research on the largerproblem of the relationship consequence that there would be concernedthat "campus activists" will theworld flow of criticalresources for between the CIA and universitiesin reluctance on the part of some exposeits activities: we, for one, pledge the CIA. 1PA President Richard general,and indeedthe largerproblem individualsto aid the CIA." (ruling, page ourselves to such a campaign. The Attiyeh,who was involvedwith that of the CIA itself. Students have II) The courtrejected that argument, courts,however, have strengthened the research,was recently appointed Deal of consistentlydemanded that UC-CIAties whilegranting the CIA’s request, noting: CIA’s hand in refusing to release Graduate Studies and Research at be severed,as partof a campaignto put informationabout its activities to the UCSD; making release of those an endto CIA-inspiredterror around the That positioncomes too closeto Americanpeople, who must foot these documentsespecially important. In world.CIA ties to universitiesare an thearea of thefree speech rights of billsfor those activities. Another nail has addition,the SCU is continuingto seek integralpart of its operations.Indeed, studentsand theacademic freedom beendriven into the coffin of theFOIA, release of documents from UCSD notedthe Courtof Appeals: of collegesand universities. relatingto Attiyeh’sCIA research, and is and anotherro,,lhlock erected in the Already some schools have pathsof thoseg’ho seek to exposeand demandingthat Attiyehopen the books The Agency(CIA) needs, and uses considered whether or not to severall CIA tics. on the IPA, so that the university as intelligencesources, covert regulateor forbidtheir faculty communitycan judge its activities with contacts with American membersfrom undertakingcovert See page 8 for CIA letter to SCU fullaccess to theinformation. Academics and students at The Universitycommunity is entitled Americanschools, and in general Non-Profit6rg. has continuedto maintainsuch I Now Indicator U. S. Postage to fulldisclosure of all information Student Organizations regardingAttiyeh’s ties to theCentral contacts... UC San Diego, B.O23 PAID La 3olla,Calif. IntelligenceAgency. The continued Thisstatement goes to thevery heart La Jollo,Ca. 92093 Permit No. 256 suppressionof allinformation regarding of thematter; the CIA needsthe ties it RichardAttiyeh’s ties to the C.I.A. has establishedwith academia in order cannot eliminate the questions in to ’properly"carry out its programof peoplesminds: rather only through the internationalterrorism and repression. releaseof allrelevant information can It is peoplelike RichardAttiyeh the communitymake informeddecisions among others who make the CIA’s a,, to whetheror not a personwith actixitiespossible, activities like the Atti.vch’sbackground can properly overthro~of the Allendegovernment in oversee(iraduate Studies and Research. Chile,the economic~arfare against 3 2 followBerkeley... Semesters starting on amnesiaand ahistoricismin orderto don’toppose repressive legislation bx understandnot simplythe reactionary electingpoliticians bought and sold b FunkyLa lolla Thursdaysmay not be a phenomenonof Notesfrom the ColletiveDesk... i thedistant future after all... Large Crowd Turns Out For nature of Reaganomics, but the the interestsbehind such repressive by RamblingRosie bankruptcyof liberalism, the futility’ of legislation. Just a few thingsto mention...Aia And now a word from our sponsors...TheAS Councilis currently "Missing"at UCSD Elections: Who working within the Democratic And,of course,there are a variety,ol recent seminar held at UCSD, the Does It planninga referendumto be heldwinter Over650 people attended a showingof in the U.S. -was based on interviews Republican party system, and the ways not to vote.Simply don’t cast a lecturersupported his claim for nuclear quarterto askstudents "how they really the movie Missing and heard Tom withCharles Horman’s friends, parents povertyof electoralpopular Frontism. ballot,or casta ballotvoting for what power by pointingto studiesshowing wanttheir money spent." Questions will Hauser, author of the book the and other subjects.Other data was Encourage? This does not mean we endorsesome initiativeyou wantwithout voting for that radiationin "lowdoses" actually includea proposalto allocatestipends to "Executionof CharlesHorman’--upon obtainedfrom public re’,~rds,and thirdpart)’, or a parliamentarysystem thecandidates. Or vote for a thirdpart)’. enhancesone’s health...Coming from the AS Council members,another one on whichthe movie was based,on Friday documentreleased under the Freedom Don’tvote, it onlyencourages them. possiblydissident minorities. The In theUnited States historically, third Any thirdparty will do. sincenone of President of General Atomic, and Such has been the New Indicator monies receivedby various student Oct. 29th at MandevilleAuditorium. of InformationAct. Republican right hand in turn. partieshave simply acted to reformthe themhave a snowball’schance in hellof former director of the Los Alamos organizationsand projects... A notable The event was co-sponsored by collectiveposition at election-timein the maintainsdiscipline within the diverse two-party system from within the winning.This effectively cancels a vote Laboratoryin New Mexico--oneof two Throughtouthis lecture Hauser failed past. It remains the New Indicator absencewill no doubtbe anyquestion on Committee For World Democracy, ranksand sectors of thecapitalist class - system.Typically, a third party’ emerges places where the UC manufactures to connectHormon’s murder with the the Democratic/Republicansystem the amount of money AS Council University Events Office and the positionin the 1982 elections,and small,medium and large businessmen, arounda hostof quiteradical positions, wouldhave received.Or writein your nuclearweapons for the Departmentof natureof U.S.expansionism and foreign collectivewould like to clarifywhat we membersspend on variousitems such as ASUCSD Programming Commission. industrialistsand financiers.And expressinga good deal of popular own candidate.Did you evernotice that Defense--notsuprising, eh? intervention.In closing,he described meanby our openingstatement this time periodicallythe left and righthands of travel,administration, toll calls, etc. In his hour-longlecture, Hauser Americaas "thegreatest country in the dissentwhich manages to drawoff votes while the MickeyMouse write-in never Forthose of you whofeel disoriented aroundon the electoralcarousel. theAmerican ruling class twiddle their fromone or the otherof thetwo major Such is the life of the privileged... discussedthe backgroundto researching world"and emphasizedthat the book wins,he alwaysseems to getelected’? becauseschool started on Thursdaythis Accordingto sources,some student his book which was recentlyretitled thumbsand call it an election. parties,until the major party’ manages to wasnot written to reflectdoubt "on the Who does it encourage’? Voting The New IndicatorCollective places quarter,fear some more. In theirquest to organizationsare ready to challengethe "Missing" and subsequently sold countryor the men or womenwho serve co-optthe third party by adoptingall its popularprotest and resistanceover the keep studentsaway from an even keel, AS to placeits own expendituresin a 250,000copies in 6 months.He became so wellin ourmilitary and diplomatic encouragesthose who benefitfrom the slogansand rhetoricbut littleof its two-partyelectoral system; besides the ballotas clear,more direct strategies the Vice-Chancellorof Undergraduate referendumagainst student organization interestedin the murder of Charles corp..."but expresssed plus hopes that programand much less of its radical politicians,the business,financial, What we are saying is that the toward realizingfundamental social Affairsis consideringstarting every allocations.For example,students can Hormanwhen his friendTerry Simon .... content.Rarely does a third party such "self-analysis"can make "our industrial, military and "labor AmericanDemocratic/Republican two change,at thisstage of the progressixe quarteron Thursdays.... According to be given a choice:AS administration who was visitingCharles Horman just governmentbetter." succeed,and when one does, it ine~itablv aristocracy"interests who supportthe partysystem is a completelyinadequate movement’sgrowth. But more on this in sources,the proposalto institutethe costs vs. more money to student beforehis murder in Chile--returnedto replacesone of thedominant parties, not In an interviewwith the new indicator, twoparties financially. The majority of method for achieving any kind of futurecollective notes. Protest the semestersystem at UCSD is stillbeing organizations,or AS tollcalls vs. free New York. fundamental social change. The simplyon theballot, but on thepayroll "lookedat" by the Administrationand it Hauserdefended CIA interventionas the Americanpeople do not benefitfrom electoralprocess. films;the possibilities arelimitless and His research--conductedexclusively continuedon page8 progressivecommunity in its fury over of the rulingclass as well. As for is conceivablethat UCSD could soon the Democratic/Republican party We in the New IndicatorCollectixc lotsof fun... Th~’rdWorld, which is causingmass systemor its Tweedle-dee/Tweedle-dum Reagan, forgets that Vietnam was parliamcntarianism,while such a system Themore serious problem is ’hatthe opensup thetrue possibility’ of popular are committedto buildinga societyin unemployment and unrest. So the politics,reflected in thefact that over brought to us by liberal democrats nuclearfreeze movement is basedon a frontpolitics, neither the presence of which peoplehave controlover their Letters: defenseprogram must be gearedto the nuclearwar leads to the inescapable 50%of thepeople eligible to votein the (Kennedy,Johnson) and that the current ownlives, and elections are irrelevant to militarybuildup was started by a liberal minorityparties with parliamentary’ populationproblem....The only way to necessityof perfectingsuch defensive UnitedStates consistently fail to exercise this goal. Much can be said for the democrat(Carter). And the progressive power nor the potentialfor popular do this is a massivewind-down of the weapons. their"democractic rights." argumentthat votingencourages onh UCSD GuardianRefuses to Print Letter communityforgets how, time and again, frontconditions has achievedmuch in defense budget, especially in the those in control,and only servesto programs for expensive nuclear Not accidently, these same conservativeadministrations (Taft, the way of fundamentalsocial change, Criticalof ReggieWilliams Coverage What exactlydo we mean by the two judgingfrom modern Europe’s history’. legitimizetheir continued domination. weapons." technologiesare integrallyrelated to Hoover,Nixon) generated a powerful, highenergy density civilian projects, like partyelectoral system.’? The current Abstention can be important. DearEditor, Nowherein your longarticles do you Thefreeze advocates cry that civilian progressiveopposition, only to have Of course, we realize that the fusionenergy development. The beams Democratic/Republicanparty systemas legislativeprocess (as opposedto the althoughbasically passive, political act. Modernpsychology informs us that accountfor the absence of Mr.Williams’ nuclearpower plants in the developing liberal administra(ions (Wilson, neededfor inertial confinement fusion, well as the view that this two-party As one pundit once observed: "If muchof ourcriticism is sheerprojection defenseagainst these charges. This is not sector--theonly way these nations will Roosevelt/Truman,Carter) use this electoralprocess) does affect our lives. If for example, require the same systempermits meaningful change and abortionis made illegal,poor women electionscould change things, they’d be of our own personalmotives. 1 was thefirst time in historythat idealists have be able to industrializeand provide opposition to regain electoral propagationtechniques, and the same allowsfor the peacefulresolution of illegal."Whatever happens on election greatlydisappointed in yourunethical turnedto lynchmob tacticsto receive adequateliving standards for growing dominanceand then deflate popular willhave to resortto the dangerous. target studies as do beam weapons. socialconflict. It is ouropinion that illegal abortionmarket that will dat’is notnearly as significantas what attackon ReggieWilliams. petty’satisfaction. Your true motives are, populations--willlead to nuclear discontentwith makeshiftreforms. In These new, advancedtechnologies are these two parties--theDemocrats and must happenafterwards. ! mightadd. transparent to anyonewho weaponsproliferation. But as Nobel- the case of two of these liberal inevitablyspring up, whilerich ~omen essential’to nationalsecurity and the Republicans--arethe twohands of a willseek abortions in othercountries. If Such investigativereporting is hasfollowed the articles on A.S.’spolicy laureateTeller has pointed out, one can administrations(Wilson, Roosevelt/ Sooner or later we must begin to nationaldevelopment; they are ouronly socialgroup of business,financial, towardthe democraticprocess. attemptto outlawthe meansof making ’ ruman)popular discontent was also’ $20,000is cut out of the Pentagon fashiona meaningfulpolitical process in destinedfor a careerin thesoup lines or hopefor worldpeace. industrial, military and "labor channeledinto world wars, and the budget for El Salvador through the welfareoffice--where the motives Pleasegrow up, Mr. Young,and use war or one can removethe causes of war aristocracy" interests we can the UnitedStates. We must analyzethe progressive community was purged legislativeaction, then that much less distributionof wealthand power,and areclearly those of regulatingthe poor, your spacemore wisely. in the first place. Disarmament, Dr. StevenBardwell convenientlycall the Americanruling throughred scares.The progressive militaryaid will be availableto theEl withoutany pretensefor progressive Sincerely, nonproliferation,and the rest of the class. formulatea programfor redistribution. communitt’,during the 1960’s,had its Salvadoreanright-wing to murderits We mustconfront the grim and growing socialchange. Dr.Francis Feeley, teacher. arms controlscheme supported by the Dr.Bardwell.a plasma physicist, is the The Democraticleft hand drawsupon momentum redirected constantly in people with. In the past the new menaceof the nucleararms race and nuclearfreeze movementleaders are Editor-in-Chic[of "Fusion"magazine. "Despitethe modification of the original absolutelyfutile on their own terms, a constituencycomposed of labor a, 1 support of liberal democrats indicatorhas urged our readers to formulatea programfor peace.We must He is theauthor of a provocotivewhite Malthusiandogma over the years,the minoritiesand, in fact, serves to (McCarthy/Kennedt.,McGovern), opposerepressive legislation-liberal create a movementwhich offers real NuclearFreeze Movement becausethey address only the meansof paper."’Beam Weapons: The Scienceto maintainthe discipline of the ruling class the detrimentof progressivesocial democratTed Kennedy’sSB-I and its choicesin the day-to-dat’decision’s of dangerremains that excessive growth of makingwar. PreventNuclear War. " withinthe ranksof organizedlabor and rejection--indeed,an attempt at change.We mustget overour historical progenybeing only one example. But we people’slives. " " Is A Hoax destruction--ofthe onlyhope for peace The Nuclear Freeze movementis a the world has: a peace based on Aftertwo major,successful rallies, May I1 and October23, the San DiegoPeace hoax. Its leadersare playingon the economic development, adequate ANNOUNCEMENTS Coalitioncontinues to promotedisarmament and oppositionto nuclearweapons. population’sdesire for peace to get energy,and advancingtechnology. We Thursday,November 4, 7 pm. Thc P, diticalSituation in ChileToday with Dr. Jaime Send donationsto P.O.Box 2707,l.a Jolla,CA 92038.576-1893, 576-1894. supportfor an anti-technology,anti- needa developmentthaw, not a nuclear CHARLIE CHAPLIN Concha.UCSD InternationalCenter. UCSD InternationalClub. 452-3731. Join Friendsof KPFK, Free SpeechRadio, 90.7 FM. San Diego.284-3348. North science,anti-nuclear movement that will freeze! Count),727-2372. Subscribe to KPFK’smonthly’ Folio, 3729 CahuengaBlvd. West. Thursday,November 4, 7:30pro. The Politicsof’Medicine. Dr. Jacqueline Wilson and ensurepopulation reduction in the Third if youare really worried about nuclear North Hollywood,CA 91604. in UCSDmedical student Beth Grey. Grass Roots Cultural Center. 1947 30th at Grape, Worldand lowerliving standards here in weapons,if you fear a nuclearwar, if GoldenHill. 232-5009. DraftAge? Personal, confidential draft counseling is availablefrom National Lawyers theUnited Sates. playinghostage in a game of M.A.D. Saturday,November 6, 7 pro.Pena with live music, folkloric dances, various artists, Guildcounselors. 233-1701. (MutuallyAssured Destruction) makes A nuclearfreeze, with its curb on Latin Americanfood. 4649 HawleyBlvd. near Adamsand 35th.Chile Democratico, As an alternativeto the government’sabsurd, provocative "Crisis Relocation" plans you nervous,then arms controlwill nuclearenergy technology, will not lead P.O. Box 22527,San Diego,CA 92122.453-9164, 295-2892. for San Diego,the newly-formedCiti,,ens Against Nuclear Evacuation coalition never help. As the Fusion Energy to peace but to war. And the newly Saturday,November 6, 8 pm. Topicalfolk music with Ruthie Gorton, Dave l,ippman. proposesthe preventionof nuclearwar through a negotiatedbilateral, verifiable Foundationhas pointedout, we need a reborn peaceniks like Robert S. nuclearweapons free,,e and plannedreductions in nucleararsenals. Support CANE, realdefense against nuclear weapons, a GrassRoots. 232-5009. McNamara, James Schlesinger,Dean P.O. Box 33686,San Diego,CA 92103.275-1162. meansnot of preventingtheir launching, Sunday,November 7, 2 pro.Celebrate 49th year of U.S.-Sovietdiplomatic relations Rusk,General Maxwell Taylor, William and OctoberRevolution 65th anniversary.Speakers Dr. A.J. l,ewisand Dede Mainstreamis an able-disabledadvocacy group. Call 234-3138or write to but of preventingtheir explosion. Mainstream,861 Sixth Avenue,San l)iego.CA92101. Colby,Cyrus Vance,and HaroldBrown Technologiescapable of doingthis. such McClure,entertainment, refreshments. Abraxas School. 1366 Hornblendnear are planningto fightthese wars using Clinicfor infants,children and teenagers.Beach Area Community Clinic, 370’; as directedenergy beam weapons, can be Gresham,Pacific Beach. !!.S.-Soviet Friendship Society’. 234-5401. conventionalweapons just as they did MissionBhd. 488-2621. " " built.A seriousconcern over preventing Thursday,November il, 7:30 pro. Specialjoint meeting!Physicians for Social in Vietnam. Responsibility,Lawyers’ Alliance for NuclearArms Control,Union of Concerned Volunteersneeded for 1984 No-First-UseNuclear Weapons Initiative Campaign. populationwill wipe out the gainsof Scientists.Herbert York and otherspeakers. First Unitarian Church. 4190 Front P.O.Box 33823,San Diego,(’A 921(13.295-9414. 295-2006. What appearsto be a debateover a economicprogress...We must in our Street.483-7774. 298-9978. Stop Ageism!Support Older People’sRights! Congress of SeniorsCoalition of nuclearfreeze is aetualh’an attemptby strategicpolicy return to thedays before Thursday,November II, 7 pm. L(fe m LiberatedZones ~?[EI Salvadorwith Alex Elders.1295 Universitt’ Avenue. San l)iego, CA 92103.298-7012. thesepo,,,t-industrtal pohcy-makers to theindustrial revolution and prepareto Drehsler.former ABC correspondentand journalist.UCSD InternationalCenter. Getinvolved with Californians for Recyclingand I,itterClean-Up. 2228 Guy Street, shift U.S. militarydevelopment, to a lightlimited ~ars.. " UCSD lnt’lClub. 452-3731. San Diego,CA 92103.295-8858. Malthusianpolicy of depopulation.It is forthis reason that we seethe man called Fhishidden agenda of"limited wars" Thursday,November I i, 7:30pm. Agent()range: Vietnam Al’termath. Speakers and Freebrochure, Common (’ait.~e .Vuch,ar ,4 r/n.~A h’rtNetwork. Common Cause, P.O. the "butcher of Vietnam," Robert The Deadh’Fog film.Grass Roots. 232-5009. Box 220. Washington,DC 20044.(2021 833-1200. to reducepopulation was openlystated Subscribetoday~ Support the I,onge.wRevohttion feminist newspaper. P.O. Box 350, McNamara,receiving the leadinghonor recentlybv Philande~(laxton, S0ecial Friday,November 12, 7 pro.UCSD Political Film Series presents Gillo Pontecorvo’s of the nuclearfreeze movement,the Burn featuringMarion Brando and My CountrvOccupied.Free admission.UCSD San Diego,CA 92101.233-8984. Assistantfor PopulationMatters in the AlbertEinstein Peace Award for 1982, U.S. State Departmentfrom 1966 to TLH 107. Committeefor World Democracy.452’-2016. Womansongon Tape! New recordingavailable from Womansong,8835 Harbison CanyonRoad, El Cajon,CA 92021. on October 4. McNamara is not for 1974, who now leads the DraperFund Friday,November 12, 9 pro. Non-SexistDance. UCSD Che Care. UCSD Lesbianand peace;he simplywants the U.S. military PopulationCrisis Committee: "It is Anti-authoritarianpunk. Crass,Poison Girls, more. Free catalog.Rough Trade Gay Organization(LAGO). 452-3704. to be ableto wageconventional wars of Records,326 SixthStreet, San Francisco, CA 94103.(415) 621-4160. overpopulationin the Third World Friday,November 12, 9 pro.Judy Mowatt and BarabaraPaige. Reggae Music and Ital depopulationin theThird World. As his whichwill be generatingmost of thewars JamaicanIsland Food. Adams Avenue Theatre,3325 Adams.283-1566. 233-4271. politicalcolleague James Schlesinger that Americahas to fightfrom now on. Saturday,November 13, l0 am. DisarmRapists! Women." Exercise Your Right to thenew indicator put it in his book "The Political Soviet expansionwould get nowhere Jolla.(’A 92093. Ph." (714)452-2016 ProtectYours’eft. Free self-defenseseminar with speakersfrom Rape Emergency is officiallyrecogni/ed as a campus Economy of National Security": withoutthe populationexplosion in the AssistanceLeague and Nat’lWomen’s Self DefenseCouncil. University "[own Centre newspaper. The xicws do not thenew indicatorL~ a menlhero/the Also: CanyonRoom, adjacent to ice skatingrink. 224-1891. representthose of the Communi- AlternativePre,~s Syndicate (el PS). Tuesday,November 16, 7 pro. Speaker on Gay Culture and Hanky Codes. UCSD cationsBoard, the Chancelloror the coplwhich i.~ printed without a hvlim, Laurel & Hardy in StudentCenter, North ConferenceRoom. LAGO. 452-3704. Regents. nlaltw a.~.~ltm¢,dto rcpre,~-ent the Thursday,November 18, 7 pro. No Draft!No War[ CommitteeAgainst Registration po.~itioneft the New Indicator womancare thenew indicatori.~ a colh’ctivclr A FEMINIST WOMEN’S HEALTH CENTER and the Draft (CARl)) GeneralMeeting. 3850 WestgatePlace, San Diego. "Music Box" I)rodlt(’ed It/livcr.~il I’-(o/lllHllnll Collective.conlrihtttor.~, antiworkers: Counter-I ntimidation Cam paign is u nderwat’!Attend to volunteer,or call753-7518, 424Pennsylvania Avenue - SanDiego, CA 921011 ncw,vJaper,di,ttrit~ltlCd to,~’(ltl I)icg~, kevin,ion. montt,lee. /or/.paul 283-6878. 298-9352 ("OIIHI.I’colh’g~’ t’tltH[)lL%~’~ alld,~ch’+ ted ntiAc,r,h,t, ~tr. ca.iel’, coil. harry. Tuesday,November 30. Deadlinefor 13thAnnual San l)iegoWomen’s Festival of the Itancl.ree,k, ic. fi~a. dtmwl, mark. pard. * PregnancyScreening * Self Help t’tHIlllllOIIll Ot’IH~I1,/hIIIHHII wt’~icc~ 7:40p.m. Artssubmissions. Center for Women’sStudies and Services.233-8984. ~, * Abortion-- to 16 weeks * FertilityAwareness Thurs.Nov. 4 orj,,anizalit~/l~Hilt/olhcr ’+ll{’.x. .l,~’re,I,+,II~HII.HtlIo/I¢’, ~(lretl.~/ll- EveryTuesday, 6 pro.Support independent left journalism! Ne,~ Indicator Collective art.~ar/. ~teve. .~hirhall. laura. * BirthControl artich’~alld Icltcr~ Hrc wc/<’t;Hl(,d. * Lesbian Well Woman meetings.Your input is welcome!UCSD StudentCenter, Room 209. 452-2016. randall,rotml. Inarr!rml, rohhl. Ph’a~ctype thenl dolll~le-~l~tlccd. ¢~I1H * ChildbirthInformation UCSD TLH 104 FREE Every Wednesday,6 pm. Committeefor World l)emocracymeetings. Bring your penni,mvw. itc£, dHvid, vic. victor. 55"Vmcc line and ~end /o: ne~ SpeakersBureau beth.~ harh’~,charlie. & L~hirh, t . thanx suggestionsfor the UCSD PoliticalFilm Series.UCSD StudentCenter, Room 209. indicatorcollective/I ’(’SI) B-023 / I.a THE CERVICAL CAP IS NOW AVAILABLE Sponsoredby: Groucho Marxist Caucuswith ASUCSD-allocatedfees 452-2016. a h,t. . ¯ ¯ % ...... , + . . 5 4 Why am I going to vote? BecauseI commonly-heldethic. The principleson to representthe seriesof citizens, have been persuaded that the only whichanarchists agree are basedon the becauseevery party draws its power convictionthat the indivudalhuman is from itself,tlaat is, from its communalpolitical act in my life consistsof Elections: "Legal Power for depositingmy ballotin the box once Anarchism: A Brief capableof freedomand also possesses structure.In anycase, the series in its everyfour years? But thatis the very thepersonal skills (or potential skills) powerlessnesscannot delegateany oppositeof an act.! am onlyrevealing O~fer~tiew whichpermit her; him to allowothers to LegitimatePower" authority.Whereas the party,whichever achievefreedom as well. The key to my powerlessnessand obeyingthe power The folh~wingarticle is presentedto one it; might be, makes use of its of human life, many anarchistshold anarchistpractice may be found in an (Thefollowing is an abridgedversion of recruitsin thesame class are identicalfi’ of a party. O[£set the ignorance and general authorityto influencethe seriesby thereis nothingsacred about a tyrant’s extraordinaryfaith in egalitarianism,the an articlewhich appeared in Les Temps other.It is this very identitywhich misconceptions about Anarchism demandingvotes from it. The authority Actually,everything is quiteclear if life,nor have anarchists felt they were small or human-scaleorganization, Modernes no.31& Jan. 1973; it was separatesthem, since for each of themit presentin our societ.v.Although other acting unethically by defending of theparty over the serialized citizens is one thinks it over and reaches the mutualaid to one’sfellow humans, and writtenby Jean-PaulSartre.) represents only his predetermined theoriesO[ socialismsuch as Marxism, limitedonly by theauthority of allthe conclusionthat indirect democracy is a themselvesfrom gun-carryingthugs or theopen possibilities for cooperationon generalrelationship with the army. Leninism. etc. generally receive When we go to vote, we will once otherparties put together. hoax.Ostensible, the elected Assembly is soldiers.Perhaps what needs to be said alllevels of society. Universalsuffrage is an institution, inadequatetreatment, Anarchism. on here is that amongmost of the persons againbe substitutinglegal power for When l vote. I abdicatemy power the one which reflectspublic opinion and therefore a collective which theother hamt, is completelyignored in whom we would call anarchistsrandom All anarchistswould agree that the legitimatepower. The first,which seems thatis. the possibility everyone has of mostfaithfully. But there is onlyonesort ~~°:iF"~ "~.Y atomizesor serializesindividual men. It our curriculumand totallydistorted in actsof violenceagainst innocent people problemsof theworld take place when a preciseand perfectly clear-cut, has the joiningothers to forma sovereigngroup, of publicopinion, and it is serial.The addressesthe abstractentities within oursociety. This piece is presentedas a are clearlyrejected while armed self- human,societal or ecologicalimbalance effectof separatingthe votersin the which would have no need of imbecility of the mass media, the Almostall left anarchism practiced in them---citizens,whoare defined by a set hrie/"introduction to the subject, in the defenseseems justified.) or wasteis permitted.To an anarchistall nameof universalsuffrage. The second is representatives.By voting I confirmthe governmentpronouncements, the biased the worldtoday draws from a numberof of politicalrights and duties, or in other hopethat it willgenerate interest and Anarchism has experienced many unnaturalnessis evil and waste is a sin. stillembryonic, diffuse, unclear even to factthat we. the voters, are always other or incomplete reporting in the methodsfor actionand or organization. wordsby theirrelation to thestate and encourage further research on developments,come forth in a varietyof perhapsthe only sin; thus the principles itself.At thispoint it is indistinguishable thanourselves and thatnone of us can newspapersall this comes to seek us The individualism of Godwin and itsinstitutions. Thestate makes citizens Anarchismas a socialmovement. forms, and expresseda multitudeof which must permeate all anarchist from the vast libertarianand anti- everdesert the seriality in favorof the out in our serialsolitude and load us Tucker,the mutualismand federalismof outof themby givingthem, for example, percepitons about the social and thoughtand practice will include a belief hierarchical movement which one group,except through intermediaries. down with woodenideas, formed out ol Proudhon,the collectivismof Bakunin, theright to voteonce every 4 years,on A new climateof rebellionand good economic human. Included in this in the primaryvalue of the individual encounterseverywhere but whichis not Forthe serialized citi,,en, to voteis what we think otherswill think.Deep the communism of Kropotkin, at allorganized yet. All the voters belong conditionthat they meet certainvery sense,a freshcurrent of sanity,self- remarkablehistory are: the European humanand thesacredness of humanlife; undoubtedlyto give his supportto a within us there are undoubtedly a convictionthat central control, Malatesta,and Goldman {"From each to verydifferent groups. But to theballot generalrequirements to be French.to confidence and outrage, is moving and Latin American class-struggle party.But it is evenmore to vote for demandsand protests,but becausethey hierarchyand the dominanceof one accordingto his ability, so each box they are not membersof different be over twenty-onewhich do not really throughsociety. The vital signs are doctrinesof anarchistcollectivism and voting,as Kravctzsays: that is, to vote are not echoedby others,they wither personover another (or one sectionof acc,-ding to his needs."), the groupsbut citizens.The pollingbooth characterizeany of them. everywhere,the evidenceplain, that anarchistcommunism; the "individual- forthe political institution that keeps us awayand leave us witha "bruisedspirit" societyor genderor raceover another) syndicalismof Pelloutier,Pouget and standingin thelobby of a schoolor town Fromthis point of viewall citizens, anarchism--thatdoctrineless doctrine ist"anarchism of BenjaminTucker; the in a stateof powerlessserialization. anda feelingof frustration.So whenwc can onlyadd to our woes:and a belief the SpanishC.N.T. trade unionists all hall is the symbolof all the acts of whetherthey were bornin Perpignanor whichallows for the creation of freedom, federatedanarcho-syndicalist laborers arccalled to vote,1, theOther, have m~ that coercionin any form whetherby havea partin thebeautiful free--form The ballotmethod, alwavs chosen by justice and community among all of the IndustrialWorkers of the World headstuffed with petrified ideas which theState "for the good of thewhole" or mix that is the militantcontemporary the groupsin the Assemblyand nc~cr by humans---iscoming forth again as an (stillalive and growing in Chicagoand thepress or televisionhas piled up there. by capitalismin the nameof profitover movement. the voters,only aggravatesthings. alternative to parliamentary elsewheredespite obituaries stating the Theyare serial ideas which are expressed people--is totally unacceptable. This may be confusing to non- Proportionalrepresentation did notsave republicanism, a burdensome contrary);the peasantcommunards of throughmy vote, but they are not mr Reducedto a few words,all anarchists anarchists,but each of thesemajor areas thevoters from serialization, butat least bureaucracy,state capitalism,magic theUkraine in the RussianRevolution’, ideas.The institutionsof bourgeois believein individualfreedom, economic of practicehas been developedto meet it used all the votes.The Assembly leaders,institutional medicine men, the artisan and small-scalefarmer democracyhave split me apart:there is equalityand the utterworthlessness and needs in the real world,and as time accuratelyreflected political France, in corporatepirates, and the conditions anarchsof WesternEurope; the disciples me andthere are all the Others they tell evilof thesovereign State. If youagree passesthe differencesbetween them other words repeatedits serialized and crimes they foster through of Tolstoyand Landauerwho havebuilt me I am (a Frenchman,a soldier, appearto be lessimportant and can be image,since the parties were represented communities around the world; the withthese principles you may well be an worker,a taxpayer,a citizen.and so on.) hierarchy,coercion, war, wage slavery. best seen simply as differencesof proportionally,by the numberof votes anarcho-pacifists and anarcho- anarchist;if you disagreethat these Thissplitting-up forces us to livewith sexism, racism, and the neurotic emphasis.As the British anarchist eachreceived. Our votingfor a single communitariansof Britiainand North principlesare essentialfor the social what psychologistscall a perpetual destructionof our environment. NicolasWalter has writtenin his fine ticket,on theother hand. works on the America;the zany, colorfulstreet good(but have faith instead in elites, identitycrisis. Who am I, in theend? An Anarchism,of course,never died, briefpamphlet ,4 hourA nar,’hism,Free- opposite principle--that,as one practitionersof the 1960s (calling leaders,the value of classdivisions, or Other identicalwith all the others, thoughfrom 1940 thru 1970 its visibility dom Press,London: "...in our private journalistrightly said, 49 percentequals themselves Provos, Diggers and the worthof top-downwardinstitutions inhabitedby these impotentthoughts in the world had been much reduced. liveswe are individualists,doing our zero. If the U.D.R.candidates in a Situationists);those who have offered or decision-making)then you are which come into being everywhereand Global war, state repressions,and own things and choosing our votingdistrict obtain 50 percentof the refurbishedapproach to ethics and possessedby a non-anarchistmode of are not actuallythought anywhere? Or Marxist"revolutions" had drawn much companionsand friendslot personal votesin thesecond round, they are all means, styling themselves "social perceiving,response and judgement. am I myself?.And who is voting?I do not attention.The changesin the labor reasons;in our sociallives we are elected.The opposition’s49 percentis anarchists";the hippie, heal-the-earth Anarchismis idealism,but a highly recognizemyself anymore. movementand liberalhedging and re- mutualists,making free agreements with reducedto nothing:it correspondsto anarchistsof the RainbowNation; the practicalform of idealism,bringing adjustmentshad seemedto offerfresh each other;in our workinglives we roughlyhalf the population,which does Thereare somepeople who willvote, new Autonomistsof the Europeanlabor one’sdesires into realitythrough the possibilitiesin the developedwestern wouldmostly be collectivists,joiningour nothave the rightto be represented. they say, "just to change the old movement; and the Krakers and pragmatismnatural to all humansliving nations.The continuingresourceful colleaguesin producingfor the common "enrages" of Amsterdam and Zurich unalienatedwithin a healthysociety. It is We can go even further.Since by scoundrelsfor new ones,"which means expansionof capitalismand unceasing good - and in the managementof work thatas theysee it theoverthrow of the (whohave chosen to takecharge of their open,organic, flexible and ready for votingi affirmmy institutionalized propangandacampaigns by authorit- we wouldmostly be syndicalists,joining U.D.R.majority has absolutepriority. ownlives--and a certainamount of real inevitablechange, thus demonstrating powerlessness,the established majority arians of every colorationhad also our colleaguesin decidinghow the job And I can understandthat it wouldbe estate--invery special ways). its pronounceddifferences with both does not hesitateto cut. trim and kicked up a dust storm which had shouldbe done;in ourpolitical lives we niceto throwout these shady politicians. Marxist and liberal or bourgeois manipulatethe electoral body in favorof seeminglyobscured the anarchistvein capitalistideologies. Anarchists see the would mostlybe communists,joining thecountryside and the cities that "vote But has anyonethought about the fact continuingjust below the surface of our individualas a completehuman fully our neighbors in deciding how the the rightway"--at the expenseof the thatin orderto overthrowthem one is socialexistence. capable of self-management and communityshould be run. This is of suburbsand outlying districts that "vote forcedto replacethem with another Butnow, in thelast 15 years,since the possessingan infinitepotential for coursea simplification,butit expressesa thewrong way." Even the seriality of the majority which will keep the same experiencesof the harshtesting-ground achieving personal happiness, generaltruth about the way anarchists electorateis therebychanged. If it were electoralprinciples? of the 1960’sand its sweepingcultural fulfillment and social harmony. think nowadays." perfect,one vote would be equalto any To vote or not is all the same. To transformation,people of awarenessand Capitalismoffers a partialvision of the other.But in reality,120,000 votes are CONCLUSION abstainis in effectto confirmthe new courageon everylevel of lifeare looking person as "Private Economic Man," neededto elect a Communistdeputy, Only personswho have experienced majority,whatever it may be. Whatever to anarchism again as a means for one willingto tradeaway "community" while only 30,000can send a U.D.R. the naturalnessand wholesomequality we may do about it, we will have done combating world-wide social and and much of his her privatelife and candidateto theAssembly. One majority of freedomwithin themselves can seethe nothingif we do not fightat the same economicproblems and for bringingthe public value for wage payments.The voter is worth four CommunistParty precisenessand essential correctness of betrayalthat the individualmay commit in Lille,are perfectly identical as we saw time-againstthe systemof indirect strugglefor freedomand humandignity Marxist view of "Social,,Economic voters.The pointis thatthe majority allowingfreedom (and its companion againstthe group he belongsto. To each in thecase of thesoldiers. No interestis democracywhich deliberately reduces us into workplace,community and basic Man,"tied to a theoryof fixedhistorical voteris castinghis ballot against what we virtues of generosity,compassion. personit says:"No one cansee you, you takenin theconcrete problems that arise to powerlessness.We must try, each personalrelations. Increasingly each of process,attempts to create"economic wouldcall a supermajority,meaning a equanimity and magnanimity) to have onlyyourself to lookto; you are in theirfamilies or socio-professional accordingto his own resources,to us seesthat only we ourselvescan build community"while asking that we trade majoritywhich intendsto remainin developand findfulfillment. going to be completelyisolated when groups. Confrontingthem in their organize the vast anti-hierarchic thefree existence that is ourbirthright. Despitethis diversityanarchists away personal freedom for the place by other means than the simple To graspthe precisedefining element ~ou make yourdecision, and afterwards abstractsolitudes and theirseparation movementwhich fights institutions traditionallyhave grown out of only individualand largesegments of society serialityof votes. Anarchism as a term is little in anarchism we must look to the w)u can hidethat decision or lie about arethe groups or partiessoliciting their everywhere. threemodes of beliefand haveusually outsidethe party elite. Capitalism offers understoodtoday. When the word is characterof each individual"avowed" it."Nothing more is neededto transform votes.They are toldthat theywill be been in agreementon a set of rock- justiceas an abstractat the priceof mentionedpeople expresshorror, or anarchist. For the workabilityof all thevoters who enter that hall into delegatingtheir power to oneor several begin acting silly and talk of the bottomprinciples. Historically all community.Marxism offers the abstract potentialtraitors to one another. anarchistsociety or a socialrevolution of thesepolitical groups. But in orderto stereotypefigure with black cape, anarchistscan be placedbroadly within of communityat the priceof justice. Distrustincreases the differencethat must alwaysrest with: (I) the self- "delegateits power,’" the seriesformed maniacalleer, and bomb in hand.This is Individualism,Mutual Aid practice,or Unfortunately freedom minus a separatesthem. If we wantto standand knowledge and commitment of each by theinstitution of the vote would itself true even in the developedliterate Collectivism.We are concernedonly communityof equals makes the poor fightagainst atomization, we must try to REBELLION,N person,(2) themutual respect and open have to possessat least a modicumof nations, although the non-violent withthe Left-the "organized" anarchist and weak less free than the rich and cooperationof the affinity group understandit first. activistswhich is chieflycollectivistic strong;equality without freedom makes power.Now, these citizens, identical as practicesand theoriesof anarchismhave composedof individualanarchists, (3) Menare not born in isolation:they are they are and fabricatedby the law, but drawsfrom other anarchist modes as us all slavestogether. The anarchist TIIGONlll longbeen an importantforce in thelabor the representativestructure of group disarmedand separatedby mistrustof well./heLeft may be furtherdivided for visionoffers an opportunityfor both born into a family which./ormsthem movementof westernEurope (Norway, federations,and (4) a specialrecognition duringtheir first years. Afterwards they oneanother, deceived but awareof their purposesof definitioninto three areas of communityand justiceat the verybase FranceSpain and Italyin particular), of the social and ecological focus or concern;(I) revolutionary of societyitself. For ourselves and all will belong to different socio- impotence,can never,as long as they and morethan 100 anarchistgroups are interdependencywe all share. The anarchists(devoted to class-struggle professionalcommunities and willstart remainserialized, form that sovereign currentlyactive in NorthAmerica alone. others we demand total freedom and successof anarchismwill depend on how politicsand workplaceactivism); (2) totalequality, and we offerthe tools for a familythemselves. They are atomized groupfrom which, we aretold, all power The misunderstandingof anarchismhas well these stages of process are anarcha-feminists,centering on thevital when large social forces work emanatesthe People.As we have seen, beenskillfully created by politicalfigures achievingthis. developed--andfinally on the raw anarchist concern of sexism; (3) conditionsunder the capitalist regime. they have been granted universal andby thewell-financed labors (and lies) Anarchy that ideal condition humanqualities and desiresthat each of privateproperty, institutions, and so suffragefor the purposeof atomizing evolutionaryanarchists (most usually of Establishment historians and desiredby anarchists-seeksits process us, onlywithin ourselves, can bring to them and keeping them from forming stressingthe value of alternative forthbring pressureto bear upon the ambitiousjournalists. Admittedly some andmeans in all people.The methods for fruition. groupsthey belong to. breakingthem up groups. of the confusionand misrepresentation lifestyles,non-violent philosophy and bringingit forwardinto our lives can be communalism).All may be calleddirect and reducingthem to the units which hasgrown out of thelively diversity and found in: (I.) the individual’s supposedlycompose them. The army, to Onlythe parties, which were originally continualchanges in the anarchist actionistsand manyanarchist militants commitmentto an autonomouslife for [heabove article is an editedversion mention only one example of an groups - though more or less movementitself since Pierre-Joseph todaycould fit into all three categories self and all others’, and (2.) of an essaywritten collectively by LONE institution,does not look upon the bureaucratizedand serializedcan be Proudhon (1808-1865) and Michael simultaneously.Of course,since these organizationalform whichpermits and WOLF, P.O. Box 840, Washington. recruitas an actualperson; the recruit consideredto have a modicumof power. Bakunin(1814-1876) began to publish currentswithin the movementare made sponsorsthe principles listed above and D.C.20044. in exchangefor a donation can onlyrecognize himself by the fact In this case it would be necessaryto theirtheories for actionand working- up of merehumans and must oftenshift encouragesthe initiativesof working towardproduction and shippingcosts, thathe belongsto existinggroups. The Also: reversethe classicformula, and whena Chilo:With Poems and Guns classconsolidation. {We don’twish to practiceas conditionsalter, these persons and community members to LONE WOLF will send you any number armysees in him onlythe man,that is, partysays "Choose me!" understand it to brushover the history of violencethat categories must be seen only as build on unitary consciousness. of handsome,highly legible booklets the soldieran abstractentity which is meannot that the voterswould delegate has markedphases of the anarchistand generalizationsof limited worth. Anarchistshave never been against publishedby the collective,including definedby theduties and the fewrights theirsovereignty to it, but that. refusing world labor movements, but it is The principles, however, that organizationbut insteadhave favored A narchi.wn."A n Outline ¢~/ Its Hi.~tt,ri,’al whichrepresent his relationswith the FridayNov. to unitein a groupto obtainsovereignty. 7 p.m. necessaryto pointout thatnon-violence anarchistsembrace never truly change, suchhorizontal forms as freecommunes, Progres.~ion and Revolutionary militarypower. The soldier, which is just theywould appoint one or severalof the and pacifismhaxe been far stronger foranarchism is not an ideologyin the cooperativesand worker councils, where Anarchi.~tn versus EvtHutionart whatthe recruit is notbut which military politicalcommunities already formed, in UCSD TLH 507 elements among anarchiststhan the familiarsense (no party line, no sacred collectiveconsciousness and direct Anarchism.I,ONE WOLF materialsare serviceis supposedto reducehim to. is in orderto extendthe powerthey have to FREE "mad bomber"stereotype allows. While texts)but rathera sequenceof natural implementationof decisionsmay be dedicatedto the memoryof RichieStock himselfother than himself, and allthe thenational limits. No partywill be able Sponsoredby Commaleetot WorldDemo~ racy & ThtrdWodd Studtes u.nth ASUCSD allocated ttude, nt fees thereis a generalbelief in thesacredness responsesgrowing out of a powerfuland achieved. (1957-1981L 6 7 emergingcounterforce strategy of the to be in favorof nuclearwarT’ closed doors and argue over the on fear of the enemy and the "No Nukes Is Not Enoug U.S. military, which prompted one Michiganis oneof thestates in which "No Nukes Is Not Enough:" A descriptions and the nubmers of maintenanceof nationaldelimse will ’A Time punditto observe,"What iron)’: War the NuclearFreeze initiative is on the weapons as a means of reaching an easilyfall victim to themachinations ot Criminalsfor Peace. Will the next step ballot.An organizerfor the Michigan agreementwhich allows an advantage the governmentat the conferencetable For DirectAction Is Now! be Mass MurderersAgainst the Bomb’?" FreezeCampaign has writtenthat even CritiqueOf The NuclearFreeze and ~hichleaves loop holes for their or thepress conference, or to thesudden (Xhe Nation,4 24 82) thoughthe freeze"’would not be binding own strategicplanning-arms treaty war frenzy provoked by some negotiationsare nothing less than this internationalupset (suchas the Iran The followingis an abridgedversion of "To those who protestagainst nuclear Whereasradicals like E.P. Thompson, on the federal government"-state faith of rationalmen and women that FreezeGood Enough’?"Guardian, April is theepitome of controlby experts.Io crisis). an articleappearing in FifthEstate (Vol. war,"he has said,"l canonly say, i’m Daniel Ellsberg and Sydney Lens officialswould simply be requiredto ourgovernment is earnestlystriving to 12,1982.) "urge" the government to make a 17.No. 2. June19. 1982). with you." However.in his view, the supporta nuclear freeze, albeit critically writea letterto federalofficials urging save mankind from its own self- proposalfor a freezeat theconference A MeaninglessGesture The rapiditywith which a movement nuclearfreeze would be unacceptable (inLens’ words ’*only (as) the first step Reaganto proposea freezeto Soviet destruction."(sic!) It leavesintact the lie True enough, Alexander Haig has table is tantamountto urging it to All in all. evenif the freezewere againstnuclear weapons and war has becauseit is "notenough," hence he has towardour realgoal...the abolition of all leaders -"it would still be an whichBall brazenly repeats that the U.S. already argued (in responseto the bargainin goodlaith, something which blossomedhas been as surprisingto us as calledfor reductions in nuclearweapons nuclearweapons on this planet"CHow unprecedented opportunity for rulingclass is urgentlyworking toward MacNamara proposal) that the unilateraland antimilitarist,the Reaganis alreadyclaiming to do. The referendumwould be littlemore than a it hasbeen to everyoneelse. There can be while endorsinga differentfreeze Deepa Freeze’?"The Progre.~sive, May Michiganvoters to take a standon the peaceand that it has so far refrained alternativeto the present nuclear arms race." (sinceNagasaki at least)from using entirenegotiations process is a farce,and meaninglessgesture, since it is in no way no doubtthat the possibility of nuclear proposal in Congress promoted by 1982)),we can rest assuredthat the buildupof the Reaganadministration to fall prey to it is to invitethe bindingon themilitary strategists who holocaust, and the understandable senators Henry Jackson and John debateover a nuclearfreeze among the Some freezeactivists have admitted nuclearweapons, when in fact,as Daniel wouldbe "toreintroduce the draft, triple governmentto outflanksuch proposals couldignore it altogetheras if it hadbeen concernif not out-and-outterror which Warner which would demand an U.S. politicaland militarycircles that, the "textof transmittal"which Ellsberg has observed (in his the sizeof the armedforces and put the withstill another phony arms limitation lostin themail. As thepolitical illusion accompaniesit, is one of the foremost immediatearms buildupto evengreater representedby the likesof Warnkeand wouldbe sentto the politiciansif the introductionto Protestand Survive, economy on a wartimefooting." (New or reductionproposal. questionson people’sminds today. The proportionsthan the record-breaking Kennedydoes not originatefrom the freezeinitiative passes, is lessthan a edited by E.P. Thompson and Dan YorkTimes, April II, 1982). Rather than rollson, the counterforce technology is slowlyset in place,the world staggers upsurgebegan in Europe and quickly levels already in motion, and the samemotives and doesnot intendto by radicalevaluation of thepresent crisis, Smith),the UnitedStates has repeatedly challenge the presuppositions of The notionof verificationis alsoa spreadto the UnitedStates. Conferences attainmentof counterforce(first strike) threatenedto use nuclearweapons when militarismin general,the nuclear freeze problem.Freeze proponents argue that and lurchesalong toward war, and the militarymakes its preparations. and convocations: demonstrations capabilitybefore "freezing" nuclear itseconomic and militaryinterests were campaignposes as a more effective modernsatellite methods of verification (800,000in New York City, 20,000in weapons.Such U.S. superioritywould at stake:"Again and again,generally in militarystrategy, as the book Freeze? andthe sophisticationof U.S. espionage Chicago,30,000 in Vancouver,12,000 in amountto "catchingup’" to "parity"with secretfrom the Americanpublic, U.S. reveals,in which the editorsargue, make the problemobsolete, though it Seattle to name just a few); the the Soviets,or so the argumentgoes. nuclearweapons Ilave been used, for "someof thesavings from a freezecan be has historically presented an The nuclearfreeze petition, like repudiationof civil defenseplans in This counterattack by the Reagan quitedifferent purposes than deterring reallocatedto improvethe readiness and impedimentand led to a breakdownin voting,lets the signer off the hook, as if townsand cities throughout the U.S.; the governmentled nationallysyndicated theRussians from attack; in theprecise the reliabilityof our conventional armsnegotiations in the past. Obviously. by signingyour name and pulling a lever growth of peace and disarmament columnist Mary McGrory, a vocal waythat a gunis usedwhen you point it you coulddisarm the creaturesin the organizations;and the storm of books proponent of a nuclear freeze, to at someone’s head in a direct WhiteHouse and the Pentagon,turn off and articleson the subjecthave all comment,"They worry more about the confrontation,whether or notthe trigger an entiresystem based on a permanent revealeda pervasiveurgency and a freezethan about nuclearweapons.’" is pulled."Among the crisesin whichthe war economy,end the conflictswhich growingsense of horrorand resistance to (DetroitFree Press. 5/13i 82) U.S. threatenedto resortto nuclear broughtabout the creationand use of weapons are the Korean War (at nuclearweapons in the firstplace. It the Reaganadministration’s recent talk DemocraticParty Bandwagon of "limited"and "winnable"nuclear war, differenttimes by both Truman and presents the government as the demonstrationshots, and "firststrike" As is to be expected,Democratic Eisenhower):the offerby Secretaryof responsiveinstrument ol the people’s capability. Partypoliticians have seen the anti-war State Dullesto FrenchPrime Minister will,not as an agencyof repression;it mood of the Americans and the promotesthe myth of the stateas the In general,the momentumagainst Bidaultof threetactical nuclear weapons tremendoussuccesses of the freeze expressionof thedemocratic aspirations nuclearwar has beenidentified with the for usein Indochinain 1954:the Berlin campaignas a bandwagonwhich will of humanfreedom and lile,rather than massive grassroots campaign for a crisisin 1961;the Cuban missile crisis in carrythem back to controlof the Senate 1962;when U.S. troopswere surrounded theirarchenem,’. "nuclearfreeze," with all sorts of and the White House. "The American politicians,retired military men and at Khe Sanh,Vietnam, in 1968;Nixon’s peopleare out in frontof theirleaders," celebritiesendorsing it as a "’firststep" threatsagainst the North Vietnamese, noted Republican senator Charles conveyedby Kissingerbetween 1969 and Finally,because it doesnot look at the towards the reduction (and even Mathias of Maryland.And in March, causesof warin theclash of empiresand abolition)of nucelarweapons. A million 1972;and Carter’s declaration in 1980on senators Edward Kennedy and Mark in the struggle for hegemony and people have signed nuclear freeze the MiddleEast to use nuclearweapons Hatfieldintroduced a resolutionin markets,it fostersthe illusionof a petitions,and according to a Galluppoll, in theevent of a threatto U.S.interests in Congress urging the U.S. and the "rationaldefense strategy" and balance 72% of Americanssupport a bilateral thePersian Gulf. U.S.S.R.to negotiatea "mutualand anysuch first step. and that it leaves intact patriotic of power,of a worldof peacemade up of nuclearfreeze. Its appeal,according to MaintainsTrajectory of Confrontation verifiable"nuclear weapons freeze. FromReagan offering his "heartfelt assumptionsof nationalsecurity. But, capitalist nation states the very itsorganizers, resides in its"simplicity," Thisnotion of U.S.national security All kindsof peoplehave endorsed the sympathy" to the demonstratorsso theyargue that it is a firststep in a illusionswhich ~’ill be sweptaway in a theaccessible, commonsense notion that processof politicaleducation which maintains the trajectory of period of confrontation and "enough is enough,"that both sides freezeas well as other similararms fearedby Ball,former Undersecretary of makes necessary compromises to confrontationbecause it does not conventionalconflict, a realFalkland shouldhalt the arms race and begin controlproposals, such as cold-warrior- Stateunder Kenned), and ,Johnson,to achievea limited,but concretegoal. challengethe underlyingassumptions Islandsadventure over the raw materials seriousnegotiations to reducearsenals turned-dove George F. Kennan’s the radicalsand pacifistsdoing the aboutU.S. global interests. and the laborpower of some political and back away from the present proposalto reducenuclear arsenals by footworkfor the Freeze Campaign, After all. in the estimationof one supporter,people aren’t ready for And the potentialfor and inertia flashpointBy refusingto confrontthe trajectorytoward confrontation. fiftyper cent.One congressionalaide everyoneseems to be workingtowards remarked,"it’s not the traditional ban- assuringpeace and avoidingnuclear anythingmore radical.One must make towardwar arealways present, since the question of war and militarism In fact,the Reagan administration has the-bomb advocates, but doctors. war.Even arch-conservative nev~spaper compromisesif one is going to reach nuclearfreeze campaign leaves in place fundamentallybeyond the specificfear been obligedto softenits loose war lawyers,members of theclergy, business columnistJames Kilpatrickhas taken people.But if it is business-as-usualfor those nuclear weapons already of all-outnuclear annihilation, thefreeze rhetoricof lastyear, which set off many people" who are making waves among interestin the freezeissue. Bemoaning DemocraticPart)’ hacks to make such deployed,hence barely diminishing the campaignnot onlyfails to considerhow of the demonstrationsin Europe and got thepoliticians on Capital Hill. The head thefact that conservatives ha~,e shied assumptionsabout people’s readiness to riskof nuclearholocaust. It leavesthe sucha conflictwould begin, it leavesits theball rolling here in theU.S. "This of the California freeze initiave awayfrom what he characterizesas "the makesocial change, it is grotesquewhen germ and chemicalwarfare machinery in supporterstotally vulnerable to a crisis movement," an anonymous White campaign,for exampleis millionaire most popularcause in the world,"he self-proclaimedradicals who claim to be place.It doesnot affect the innovations which would ultimatelyinvolve the House advisor confidedto Newsweek businessmanHarold Willens, who has notedin a recentcolumn, "l!nless words startingfrom an urgentconcern over the beingmade in laserand space weaponry, decisionto escalatetotheuseof nukes.It magazine,"is verydangerous." William argued that such a move would save have losttheir meaning, the Kenned~- imminenceof nuclearwar decidethat the defensiveanti-ballistic weapons, or is basedon thefalse hope that e~ erything G. Hyland,who was Kissinger’shatchet- money whichcould be used to help the Hatfieldliberals are proposing exactly peoplearen’t read)’ for anything stronger the innovations in anti-submarine wouldbe all rightif we couldjust do man on the NationalSecurity Council. U.S. "become competitivein world what Reagan’s START proposed in than such proposals.Thus, they begin warfare,which are all componenentsin away with nuclear weapons,that we admittedthat he was "appalledat the markets once again." In fact, November." fromthe outsetwith a surrenderrather the counterforcesystem. It doesn’teven couldgo on livingjust as before,safe and popularizationof these subjects," affect the developmentof "stealth" securebehind old-fashioned armies and businessmen have formed an Indeed,one criticismof the freeze than pushingfor more than is perhaps adding,"1 don’tlike the idea of a lotof militarytechology. The nuclearfreeze organization,Businessmen Opposed to campaignis thatit is "allthings to all immediatelypossible and leavingthe bombersand cruisemissiles, as some peoplescreaming and yellingthat these NuclearWar, with the slogan,"Build dealing and compromising to the have argued,since these weapons could petitionsthe warmakersand the war warmongersin Washingtonneed to be people,"as onearms control expert said. BusinessesNot Bomb."supposedly on JudithMiller reported in the New York politicians.]he educationthat they be employedwith conventionalbombs profiteersand the professionalmass broughtunder control." murderers to negotiate with the the assumptionthat nuclear extinction Times (4/24/82) that Kennedy had claimthe freeze will provide may after ail and warheads,and are thereforeoutside "enemy,"and thus leavesunquestioned Reagan,on the otherhand, has taken would be bad for businessand other frequently spoken of his freeze end up just another education in the bounds of the language of the forces."and Ground Zero executive thiscould happen again, but even if it did all of the mythsand the talsification a more obliqueapproach, responding deadthings. Even such architects of U.S. resolution"asif it calledfor a freezenow. demoralizationand cynicismif it makes proposal.It doesnot affectthe recent that he is "heartand soul in sympathy genocidein Indochinaas formerDefense no radicalcritique of the processat moves toward renewingcivil defense director Molander,when asked in a not.the result would be thatthe "fate of whichconceal the identityof the real To arms control specialists, Mr. theearth" would essentially be left in the with the peoplewho are talkingabout Secretary Robert S. McNamara and hand. "Realism"which beginson the programs. recent inquiry (in the April 26 enemy. Kennedy’saides have stressed that the Newsweek) whether there were "any hands of the technicians and the the horrorsof nuclearwar and the fact Presidentialadvisor McGeorge Bundy termsof thepresent state of affairsand it doesnot even call for the removal of resolutiondoes not call for an immediate circumstancesunder which the United espionageagents of the respective Only when people come to the thatwe shoulddo everythingwe couldto have warned againstthe doctrineof which echoesits presuppositionscan all nuclearweapons from Europe,which freeze.The text calls upon the Soviet States should use nuclear weapons governments--inour case, the same realizationthat their own nation-state is preventsuch a war from happening." "firstuse" of nuclearweapons and the Unionand the UnitedStates to decide onlybe a realismof defeat. is the keystone of the anti-war first--forexample, to preventa victory "dirtytricks" experts who gaveus the the monsterwith which they must do ’whenand how’to achievea mutualand movement’sdemands there. But most of "Sovietstyle" military installations in battle--not because they are willingto What,then, does the freezeproposal by Sovietconventional forces in Western verifiablefreeze in thearsenals. In other all,it failsto challengethe conventional Nicaragua, ad nauseum. Like the be martyredbut becausethe)’ see the leaveintact? First of all,it leavesthe Europe,"replied, "It may be the only words,it onlycalls for negotiations now, weapons system. As Seymour Melman, stateeverywhere and the authoritarian entireideological edifice of U.S.imperial policy--ifwe and the Europeansare military officers and the arms not an immediatemoratorium: in this co-chairmanof SANE and a leading emotionalplague which allowsit to power and the cold war in place, by unwillingor unable to build those negotiators,they serve the samestate sense,it is notall that different from the figure in the disarmamentmovement and its rulingclass, and whenmarching remainin placeas the real problem preserving the premises of the conventionalforces that wouldensure Jackson-Warner proposal, critics sincethe campaignfor a testban treaty orders come down they will do their onlywhen theyare willingto dynamite establisheddoctrine of mutuallyassured that we couldblunt a Sovietattack on assert." in the1960’s has written, "indeed, it is a duty. U.S.interest and the "’national security" destruction(MAD). By arguingthat "we WesternEurope." Of course,no matter A supporterwarns that "the danger is safe assumptionthat the Pentagonand of theconspirators in the war roomsand have enough weapons" the freeze whatthe balance of militarypower of the that in its eagernessto enlistmass theweapons scientists will be rewarded The appealand "goodsense" so touted the boardrooms, when they spiton the proposalavoids the question of howand opposingarmed states, historically for their acceptanceof the nuclear by its organizersthat the freezeisn’t Americanflag and on all flags,when support--and Congressional sponsors--- why these weapons were developedin nothing is guaranteed in war warhead freeze by carte blanche unilateralbut bilateral is reallynothing theyare willingto act,to createand the movementwill dilute its demands to the firstplace, when the U.S. military preparations--nothing,that is, except approvalfor a monumentalincrease in morethat the current state of affairs,for destroyin theirown interest, when their the point where they are rendered had the only atomic weapons in thatwar is eventuallybound to occur. meaningless.After all, most of the every aspectof the arms race except bilateralarms buildups,freezes, or resistanceto warflows from desire and existence.By arguingthe "safetyand warheads."The victory of a nuclear Despiteclaims of freezeproponents reductionsare allpart of thevery same froma visionof a trulyhuman world and Senatorsand Representativeswho have security of the United States" as freezecampaign could "taste of ashes," that.in the wordsof one spokesperson, processof militaryrivalry between not fromfear- onlythen will they be endorsedthe freezevote regularly and paramount,they leave intact the myth of withoutprotest for increased military he writes. "Ordinarycitizens will no longerlet the nation states. California freeze ready to challengethe nuclear war nuclear deterrence (which, as EP. budgets.They may now favor a standstill Melman, who also gives critical so-calledexperts decide their fate," the proponent Willens. for example, machine. As Vernon Richards, a Thompsonhas noted,is not a stationary emphasizedin responseto criticsin the in thearms race, or evena reductionof supportto the freezecampaign for its proposal maintains completely the participantin the movementagainst statebut a degeneratingone) and of U.S. powerof the arms controlexperts, the l,os AngelesTime~ that the campaign nuclearweapons in Britainduring the each superpower’snuclear stockpile nationalsecurity and national interest. "useful role in raising public " politiciansand the strategists over their was againstunilateral disarmament: late’50’s and early ’60’s wrote in 1959. but they would still insist on the They leave the same handson the same consciousnesson this vital issue." warns ’sufficiency’of what formerDefense lives. To "urge" the governmentto ’Whatif theRussians say no. what then?" "Onlywhen as individualswe refuseto buttons,and themilitary imperatives of that "giventhe presentterms of the "propose"a freezeto the SovietUnion Ouranswer: ’Then the whole thing is ofl." havesomeone act for us. will ~e beginto SecretaryRobert S. MacNamaracalled the [IS..government in place.That is Freeze Campaign,and the ambiguous reveals a remarkableingenuousness Foras ourinitiati~e says, ’The safety of findthe timeand learnho~ to act for ’mutuallyassured destruction’." Even why Ballcan argue that a freeze"would recordof Americanpolitical leaders, this Republicanpolitical consultant David about the natureof arms controland theUnited States must be the paramount ourselves.’" quicklyreestablish the confidence of its otherwiselaudable ’first step" could Keene has observed. "It’s like becomethe laststep of a doomedmarch treatynegotiations. The wholeprocess concernof theAmerican people." "" l! is --GeorgeBradford alliesno~ so tragicallywaning. E~en clearthat such a movementbased as it is motherhoodand applepie. Who’sgoing more important,it would restorethe against Armageddon." ("Is a Nuke by which arms negotiatorssit behind II 9 if there is no discussionbeyond the oppressivestructures. Our physical Introduction modes of social organization and Kutlure: Erika Suderburg’s pretextof a moviebeing made. Objects relationshipto her work is eventaken up This historyhas broughtus into the Historyof Socialism,Part Three: agriculturalproduction were being can be journeyedthrough and used but as an issuethrough her combinationof modern world by describing the investedwith capitalist relationships and SeparatistCamps differentsizes of books,photographs need more weightthan their present contours of European history- forms of organizationin order to ephemeralstatus. This problemmay lie Twilightof the Old Order Erika Suderburg’sshow Separatist and spacingto give the most elastic generallywith the study of feudalismand producegreater agricultural surpluses, between staged environments to description concerning political on the hand trying to cover a large Campsin the MandevilleAnnex Gallery situationsbetween people trying to feudalabsolutism, and moreclosely with mostlygrain, were traded with other raw discourse.This creates an interesting territoryat thecost of detailcompared to social hegemony meant that both constitutionalstate with constitution- (October 25-29) at UCSD offered recoverdeprived political discourse. an examination of the French materialsand resourcesto northwest insights in communicationsystems tensionsince her success at description the need to expressa broad argument. Revolution.In PartThree: Twilight of domesticeconomies were comprised, ally-limitedpowers, and representative Europe for manufacturedgoods. With Thereis no easyanswer to thisproblem, v, ithinpersonal and publicpolitical Communication devices become becomes her greatest handicap. the Old Order,the periodof European increasingly,of just socialclasses; government were retained. To this capitalistinvestment from northwest levels.This show follows previous works concretein Bedrooms./orthe 80~"with Movementpolitics is neverconsidered forfocusing is notthe issue. What is at historyfrom the FrenchRevolution to capitalistswho ownedand controlledthe politicalliberalism was added the Europe,southern and easternEurope issueis theseeming lack of discoursein whichviewed her own thoughtprocesses thehelp of twocans attached to a wire. except within the boundariesof an 1848will be considered.The Napoleonic farms, businesses and banks, and economicliberalism of Adam Smith, economicallywere coming to resemblea andrelationship to guerilla activity and However, no matter hog many outsiderlooking in. Thus, trying to solve the art of communication.Thus, a Wars,their affecton Europe,and the workersforced to selltheir labor to the who advocatedthe primacyof labor,the ThirdWorld periphery in theireconomic readingof the show becomesdifficult the consequencesof staterepression. communicationdevices exist, discourse herown bystander status is notresolved attemptand failureto restorethe "Old capitalistsin order to workin thefarms, importanceof self-interestand a free relationsto Englandand France.But Thus, the discourseof what outside is still frustrated.This problemof but only consideredas a condition. becausealthough Separatist Camps has Order" in Europe will be discussed, market,and the "invisiblehand" of thisnon-colonial periphery lacked the politicalmovements and activities reflect frustratedcommunication continues in Offeringno alternatives,the spectator all the parts,a coherentwhole is not alongwith the social consequences of the supplyand demand. politicaland economicinfrastructure of k),rniturewhere his dominancethrough staysoutside the work, thus missing key availablefor the many peoplewho are on herbeing a bystander,now turns into second IndustrialRevolution and a Unrestrictedcompetition and trade imperialism,and so only the colonial inheritanceand eocnomicowenrship of readingthis type of artfor the first time. howthe "female" or Erikainteracts with elementswithin the largernarrative of rapidlystratifying world-capitalist would lead to social harmony and empires of northwestEurope in the objectshas to interactwith her in the the show.Global references will seem Allin all,the show is importantas there her environment.The show consistsof economy. However, we shall also justice,according to Smith,who limited Americas,Asia and Africaconstituted apartment.Her only independenceand lost to a viewer who only sees the arerewards for those who persist and dig the books:Furniture. Limited access. emphasizeintellectual and ideological therole of thestate to theprotection of the trueThird World of 1799. freedomto communicateis duringher conditionof femaleto malerelationships through this broad argument which hU Out Mt.~ter.r Theatre and Love developmentsmore strenuously,as the privateproperty and individual liberty, separationfrom him. Thus. Erika points as just that. Nuclear Disarmament leavesno stoneunturned. The expanding world-capitalist letters,the installationSeparatist FrenchRevolution and responsesto it and to defenseof thenation. Therefore to women’sliberation existing between existingin thebackground will stay there economy ~as last becomingglobal Camp.Lthe photo-sculptureHargames. Barry Hyman constitutethe beginningof the modern theliberalism o1" the French and English marriagecontracts but neverwithin a through colonial empires in the Bedrooms/orthe 80’.~, and t he videotape politicaldebate. modelsincluded a "freeeconomy" with contract. Americas,through economic entrepots l.ies,Fables and Stories for theend o[ lg Brumaire the freedomsof trade,entrepreneurial in Africa,the MiddleEasL India and the worht. Erika,never to give up, even when activity,coalition and property and the divorceis linal,attempts to carryon a CIA Letter to the S.C.U. Europe in 1799 was the focus of a Asia and throughFrench and English supposedfreedoms of occupation,craft, imperialdesigns to explore,exploit and Wargamesdiscusses the objects of war correspondencein Love Letters that fails Thisis in partialresponse to your30 developingworld-capitalist economy. As previouslystated, you will be competitonand movement,expressed in economicallyincorporate more and and the languageof warthat constructs tor manyof the samereasons as in the The Balticand Mediterraneantrades, as August1982 letter concerning your three providedthe statusof your other two themotto "’laissez~ldire. laissez pa.~ser.’" moreterritory. Yet vast tracts of Asia, us into war-gameactivity in our daily previouspieces. He only discusses Freedom of InformationAct (FOIA) wellas thegrowing north Atlantic trade, cases. F82-0326 and F82-0470, by Africa and the Americas remained lives.Ideas of possessionsin playinga himself,while she only discusses what he were increasinglydominated by a few Outsideof theEnglish ; Frenchliberal requestswith thisAgency. This letter separatecorrespondence. unaffectedb.~ the European-centered gameof poolturns into possession of the is up to. Therebyguaranteeing failed concernsthe statusof casenumber F81- mercantilisteconomic spheres. Each motor-coreto the developingworld- Sincerely, world-capitalisteconomy b’, 1799.In 0813,which covers your request for the mercantilistsphere, in turn, was capitalist economy can be found a Larry R. Strawderman that year Napoleon, aided by the items releasedto Mr. NathanGardels composedof a bourgeoisnation state numberof regionstrying to cope and Informationand PrivacyCoordinator military,dissolved the ineffective (seeyour lettersof 16 Februaryand with a sovereignnational economy and competewith Englandand France.The Directory,broke up the Councilof 500 June 1982)and a copy of contractXG- thatnation state’s colonial empire. The Dutch mercantilistsphere was fast Thosewishing to makedonations to the based on the constitution of the 4443.It alsoaddresses those questions relationshipbetween nation state and fading,having been reducedin power Student CooperativeUnion to cover Directory, formed a provisional you have thatare associatedwith this colonialempire in each mercantilist and scope through economic costsassessed h.v theCIA, should make government and composed the request.The statusof your two other sphere was one of mother competitionand warfare.The Italian checkspa.vahle to theSCU, University of businesses and banks to earn a constitutionof the Consulatein the requestswill be coveredby separate country/colony,in which the colonywas city-statesand the Mediterraneantrade Cali/ornia,San Diego,B-023, La Jolla, subsistancewage. Feudaland peasant famouscoup d’etat of 18 Brumaire. correspondence. Ca. 92093. exploitedfor resources,materials and theydominated were also being eclipsed elementsbecame less and lessimportant as thelocus of trade,manufacturing and Bourgeoislmperium The itemspreviously provided to Mr. labor by a mothercountry intent upon in thesocial order. Mercantilist policies financeshifted to northwestEurope. By Gardelswere forwarded to you with our Continued from page 3 usingthe colonyas one marketfor its Napoleonand the armiesof France to controla domesticcapitalist economy contrast,the economiesof central letterof 19 May 1982:the searchfor manufacturedgoods. with respectto a colonialempire were dramaticallychanged the European Europe,loosely federated into a "Holy contractXG-443 is in our processing "Missing"... A federationof proto-capitalistDutch order from 1799 to 1812 throughwar, Ill fastgiving way to theclassic laissez-faire Roman Empire of the German Nation" queue.You are not beingassessed fees "beneficialin some instances, if it means conquestand empire. In Part Two we free cities initiatedthe economic economicsof earlycapitalism, at least in whichwas neitherimperial nor national, forthis request. overthrowingIdi Aminsor Hitlers".He dynamicsthat would becomethe world- Englandwhich stood on thethreshold of brieflydiscussed Napoleon’s reforms claimsthat "everyoneagrees that the were stimulatedby developmentsin withinFrance that institutionalized the capitalisteconomy by implementing the secondIndustrial Revolution. The Franceand England.Swiss and German Your request for documentswhich CIA shouldexist" and arguedthat the innovationsthat amountedto a first Napoleonic Wars would propel both new bourgeois order. Napoleon CIA should be made more efficient trade,manufacturing and financegained attemptednothing less than the imperial werereferred to, but not sent to Mr. Industrial Revolution in economic Englandand Franceinto the industrial from competition with northwest Gardels,has not been assigneda case because"right now theyare a bunchof productivity,and by carving out a age,increasing the size and importance expansionof the dominationof thisnew nitwits." He pointedto thestate of Israel Europe.Finally, the United States sailed bourgeoisorder throughout Europe. numberas yet.THis will takeplace as colonialmercantilist sphere upon which of theindustrial entrepreneur/industrial in the wake of French and English soon as you have providedsufficient as one beneficial aspect of U.S \ \ the Dutch federationcould "base its proletariatsectors of theeconomy. developments, relying upon a identifyinginformation for us to intervention. economic expansion. But the Dutch Napoleonrose to power throughthe Englandand France,and to a certain continental frontier to soften Wars of the Coalition against conducta searchand thematter of fees The eventwas marredby an incident federation was not a nation state extentthe UnitedStates, represented competitionin the world-capitalist revolutionary France. The French has been examined.To identifythe afterthe movieand followingHauser’s possessinga largenational territory, liberalrepublican models of social economy. Revolution,as it turnedto theleft with references,we suggest you circle the ones questionand answerperiod. A speaker population,resources or economy. indb,idual being in a navytown, forced development.Liberalism had its origins Exceptfor the UnitedStates these the NationalConvention, produced a communicationbecause of a constant of interestto youand provide us a copy from the studentorganization Chile Thereforethe Dutchwere hard pressed in Enlightenmentconceptions of social to look at warships.A drivein a car one way discourse.She at one pointin regions,in what might be calledthe Europeancoalition in oppositionto of thedocuments. We thenwill be ableto Democratico,who had receivedprior to competein the veryworld capitalist contractand naturallaw developedby acrossa bridgeshows us how we become the piecewill wonderwhether she has middlering of this world-capitalist France,spearheaded by Prussia.Austria determinewhether searches are feasible clearance to speak both from the economythey set in motion. Montesquieu,Locke and Rousseau.Of debilitatedby the languageof war to sentthe lettersat all. Foremptiness under the FOIA. sponsorsand Hauser,was addresingthe describean everdayevent. Innocence for England, through circumstances, these, Montesquieu and Locke surroundsher as she triesto remember audience when an officialfrom the entrepreneurshipand limitedabsolutist representedthe dominantbourgeois her becomes fashionable with the him more. Regardingthe clarity of thereleases to Mandevelle management, Vladmir consumptionof the new marketof khaki Mr. Gardels,we currentlyare indexing edict,gradually consolidated a national tendencyof liberalismin theiremphasis Separati.~tf’amp.~ compares the male Vooss.turned off the soundsystem. The territory,controlled centrifugal social uponnatural law, the right to property, militaryclothing while prostitution and the releases.Once this process is speakercontinued, and finishedher propagandaare at once linkedso that to femalerelationship to the "Industrial completed,in a yearor so.we willbe able forces, and achievedpolitical and the separation of powers under a World"versus the "ThirdWorld". The short messagewith a standingovation economic sovereignty. The first constitutionalmonarchy (into executive, body parts are broken and freely to provideyou additional copies of an)’ from the crowd. When pressedfor an interchangeable.Theending of thispiece resourcesfrom the Third World are of the documentswithout the need to IndustrialRevolution succeeded, a representativelegislature and judiciary), pumpedout while the Industrialized explanationby 20 irate people,Vooss proto-capitalisteconomy was nurtured andthe inherentrights and libertiesof showsthe military attempting to relatea engage in unreasonableor expensive walkedoff. without offering an apology, colorfuleconomy with a colorfulwar in Worldonly offerswar. The Industrial searches.At thattime, we willbe ableto outof thefeudal order, a colonialempire the individual.Rousseau expressed World’stent is closedin contrastto the and pointing to AS Programming was taken,and withouta greatdeal of more radicalrepublican sentiments by stepwith the U.S.national anthem. locateany or all of the documentsand Commissioner,David ParKeras having open tent of the Third World. provideyou with copies for only the cost violence England became the first claimingthat, since the people join to MiraclePlay uses the Peace March Communicationin the Third World is given the order. Parker deniedthis bourgeoisnation state in the expanding forma stateto protecttheir liberty and and Fast on Hiroshimaand Nagasakion of one on-line computersearch and allegation when questioned by the symbolizedby a telephoneplaced just copying charges. Enclosed, as you world capitalisteconomy. France, in equality,full sovereignty rests with the MemorialDay in 1981as the eventthat beyondthe reach of theinhabitants of crowd. The crowd dispersed when competitionwith Englandand through people. Those who govern are the Erikaseems to wantto be a partof but requested,is a better cop)’ of the campus police arrived on the scene the ThirdWorld tent. December 1959 memorandum royaledict, achieved the economicand people’sfunctionaries, subject to the cannot because of the enclosed claimingthe "managementhad reported politicalfoundations of a nationstate mysticgeneral will. performanceof the participants.The The"global" references in Separatist concerninga contractto assessSoviet a disturbance" and wanted the (’ampsbecomes the startingpoint for capabilitiesin geochemistry. and national economy, but at a For Rousseau, the popular participantsincorporate a medieval Auditoriumcleared. tremendousstrain to the Frenchsocial sovereigntyis absolute,indivisible and Europeanritual of "miracleplay" with the lastpiece of the showwhich is a orderof feudalabsolutism. It took a inalienable,always desiring the best the "miracle"being for a truenuclear videotapeLies. Fahh’s Anti Stories h~r New TheatreGroup Opens In San Diego revolution for the nascent French interestof all.and therefore also the best economy,suffered because the)’ had not and Sardinia.With the rise of the disarmament which they hope to thek,’ndt~[A WorM. Three stories and an eventare collaged, to questionwhat is bourgeoisorder to throwoff thefeudal interestsof the individualsince the or couldnot adoptthe highlyefficient Jacobins.England, Spain, Portugal, the accomplishby fasting.Thus. to be realand what is fabricated.Mao’s "’long November8th will see the inaugural areagainst illegal actions. So occursa restraintsof the ancien regimeand generalwill and the will of theindividual nationstate and national economy as the Netherlands, the federation of includedone would need to fastas well march"is considered"real" while Mao’s production of San Diego’s newest crazymix-up with two housewives,two inauguratea bourgeoisnation state. are fundamentallyidentical. Laws thus modeof regionalsocial organization. On autonomous princes known as the as walk the "long march" from theatregroup. The San Diego Public workers,two policemen,an undertaker The Englishand Frenchmercantilist requireduniversal consent, and liberty the one hand the Roman imperial GermanEmpire, the Italianstates and Copenhagento Paris.Erika did not do oppressionof his first wife seems fabricated because of the lack of Theatre,as it is called,is dedicatedto andthe holySaint Eulalia. economicspheres, locked in an imperial existedin thisequality of acceptingthe designsof Spain.the Papacyand the Naplesjoined the coalition and beseiged this and thereforeis an outsiderand informationconcerning this particular stagingprogressive plays, the first being Theplay is directedby AdrianSchriel, competition for world power, yokeof thegeneral will. Greater than the Habsburg Dynasty thwarted nation France, aiding the counter- bystanderto an eventshe wouldlike to subject.The Space Shtttth"becomes We Won’tPar: We Won’tPar.’. written a former MFA student at UCSD, who constitutedthe motor-coredriving the sumof itsparts, the general will could state developmentby attemptingto revolutionaryefforts in Brittany,the be involvedwith. A movieis constructed by DarioFo. Fo is themost political of presented varous progressive expandingworld-capitalist economy also be representedby a minorityon build a multi-nationalempire along Vandee and southern France. The specificallyfor Erika to movein andout fabricatedin a sense becauseof the popular Italian p.aywrights. His after1799. Politically, both were ruled behalfof all. Locke,Montesquieu and feudalabsolutist lines. On the other Jacobinsresponded with the levee en of the distancedimages of the event. media’sown demand to makea spectacle productionson thiscampus over the last position’o the left of the official fewyears. The cast includes: Jo Care)’, by liberal regimeswith explicitor Rousseauall based their political hand the numerous small Italian, masse, a total mobilization that Thus, throughthe pretextof makinga of thenormal courses of events.Murder Communist Part) was reason enough implicitconstitutions providing for the theoriesin theprogress and potential of German and Dutch free-cities,city- produced a mass army under Carnot film,Erika becomes part of the event of manis realin thesense of womanhurt Robyn Hunt, Alan Goodson, Steve for the StateDepartment to refusehim separation of powers in a strong states,republics, principalities and who reformed the military and set which in turn propagandizesnuclear at hisfantasizing of woman as an object. Pearson and Raul Ramos. The San human reason, and the political an entryvisa into the U.S. last year. legislature based on popular experiencesof smallrepublican states. kingdomsfragmented the politicaland politicalcommissars to watchover its disarmament. Whetherhe is reallydead becomes less DiegoPublic Theatre’s production will sovereignty,a weak executiveand an economicorganization needed for a officers.Instead of warby cabinetsand LimitedAccess sees communication importantin relationto herstruggle in take place at the Bowery theatre The French and Englishregimes of Billedby the groupas "a grassroots impartialjudiciary, as well as for nationstate. Only a militarizedPrussia mercenaries,the Frenchcould wage a as inadequateto do politicalcritique dealingwith her disappearancethrough downtown on 5th and Elm. The 1799 drew much from l,ocke and responseto Reaganomics,"this play is a guaranteesof equalitybefore the law, managedto competewith Englandand totalwar involving the entire population because of either comfortable his eyes. Disappearancebecomes a performancesare Mondays,Tuesdays Montesquieu,whereas Rousseau had hilariousfarce about how an Italian ciwlliberties and protection of private Francein the world-capitalisteconomy. throughconscription and laborservice. surroundingsor moments.The journey universal,as theend of thetape shows and Wednesdays from November 8th influence on radical Jacobin workingclass family oeals with the ever- property.Efficient civil bureaucracies The division of Europe into a ]’hispermitted the massing of troopsfor through different surroundings warand total destruction. throughDecember Ist, beginningat 8 republicanism. The small-scale growingcapitalist crisis. Angry at the p.m.Admission is $5. Otherplays to be aroseto administerboth societies, and republicanismof Enlightenmentideals trading/manufacturing/financialnorth decisiveoffensive battles and the use of continuesforever without ever being ErikaSuderburg’s exhibit S~7,arati,~t increasein foodprices at.a supermarket, looselyformed lines- tirailleur tactics presentedby the SDPTthis season will balanceswere struckbetween local and hadto be modifiedto coverthe needs of west interactingwith an agricultural able to say what needs to be said. (’amp.~is importantfor its discourse on someItalian women decide not to pay at as opposedto the clumsylinear tactics includeAthol Fugard’s brilliant anti- centralpo~*,crs. a largenation state, but the principles of miningeast and south,evident by 1750, Furthermore,the actualenvironment communicationsystems. Specifically the all,fill their bags with groceries, and previouslyused. The army,instead of apartheidpiece Statement,~...and Economically. both France and constitutionally-protectedhumanrights had beensolidified by 1799.In Poland, actsto denyone’s own languagethrough show targetspolitical discourse and returnhome disguiseda.~ expectant requisitioningits supplies, were FrancaRame I)arioFo’s Just Church, Englandwere dominatedby the urban, and liberty(freedom of conscience, Russia,the regionthat would become the false languageof the dominant human beings debilitated through mothers.].ht I,ilce begins: the good,, provisionedthrough storehouses, and (’hihlrcn.hitchelt... (a setof women’s mercantileupper bourgeoisie and large, press,thought, equality before the law, the Austro-HungarianEmpire, southern culture.A dialecticis setup fromthis: sexism, nationalism and other continuedon page I0 monol,,)gues. capitalistlandowners. This capitalist but not of educationand property), Italy and the like,ostensibly feudal 10 Dutchyof Warsaw(including Saxony) overthrown. I! emphisizedindividual rights and reason oppose not just the industrial means of organizingworkers and attemptsat reformwere thwarted by the werecreated. Prussia remained under Asa resultof its brief partnership with to popularrights and reason.It Twilightof Old entrepreneurs,butthe entireEnglish peasants.Bakunin had been greatly Twilightof Old Frenchoccupation. bourgeoisorder. A developingindustrial Francebefore 1812, Russia obtained subsumedclass interests to folk national rulingclass. Their power as wagelabor influencedby themutualist anarchist order,with a surpluslabor force, high Order Withthe Austrianuprising of 1809 Bialystok,Tarnopol, Finland and unity,and the national revolutions of Order at thepoint of industrialptoduction was Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, who industrialunemployment and the anda fifthcoalition between England Bessarabia.increasing Russian Germanyand Italywhen they occurred nothard to recognize. The class struggle participatedin the Revolution of 1848 tensionsproduced by an industrialclass continuedfrom page 9 and Austria,Napoleon achieved the importancein Europeanaffairs. And producednation states and national continuedfrom page 10 in thenew bourgeois order, intensified andwho pronounced property as "theft" authority,religion and orthodoxy, was struggle,created social contradictions officerswere no longerdrawn from the conquestof Spainand the greatest England, in opposing Napoleon, economiesbased upon this myth of a by industrialization,developed new whengained without work or through thatbroke out in revolution.Students, nobility,but instead were promoted on extentof hisempire. Until 1812 France achievedsupremacy over the seasand transcendentnational folk unity beyond takenup by theCongress of Viennaand dimensions. exploitation.Both Proudhonand workersand the national guard took to the basisof courageand accomplish- controlledEurope from Spain to itsally, openednew marketsand spheresof classstruggle in whichthe German and implimentedby the monarchies, Bakuninrejected centralized authority nobilitiesand clergies of Europe’sold As a resultof increasesin industrial thebarricades to force the abdication of ment. Russia.Italy, Germany, Denmark, influencein theAmericas, India, Africa Italianbourgeoisie did notpossess a production,and overproduction, andadvocated public ownership of land, the "’bourgeoi.~king" and the Asa resultof these reforms and the fall Norway,Poland and Austria were a part andAsia. But it wasan alienFrench rule clearsocial hegemony. orderthrough the patramonialstate, allservices and meansof production. claimsto divineright of rulership,evena marketingcrises developed after 1810. proclamationof a republic.Socialist of Robespierre,France reconquered the of Napoleon’scontinental system, which overEurope and the consolidationof Restoration Unemployment,famine and economic They called lot self-management agitationwas temporarilychecked by Netherlandsand various border was opposed by Sweden, England, territoriesin Europeunder Napoleon conservative Romanticism that warfarethreatened economic collapse. througha federationof decentralizedbourgeoiselectoral victories and the Portugal,and after 181 i, Russia. In 1804 thatproduced the most fundamental Napoleonfirst tasted nationalism as a harkenedback to a God-givenfeudal territories.Napoleon’s lightning weaponturned againstthe French stavedoff only by thegold reserves in workers’associations. Proudhon creationof nationalworkshops to take Napoleonhad declared himself Emperor consequences,i.e. the spread of organicism.Of more importance is why emphasizedthe individual worker, while care of the unemployed.But mass campaignthrough Italy conquered nationwhen the Spanish people revolted conservatismdeveloped when it didin Britishbanks propping up the price Lombardy.established the Cisalpine of the Frenchand establisheda new nationalismand the nationstate as a structure.Anti-industrial riots by Bakuninplaced greater importance on demonstrationsledby radicalsocialist Napoleonicnobility. After 1807 he modeof socialorganization to compete againstFrech rule after 1808. Spanish England. groupsof workersand collective (Milan) and Lingurian (Genoa) nationalismwas traditionalist,as technology-smashingLuddites, as well republicansunder Blanqui, and the Republics,transformed Switzerland organizedan imperialsystem for Europe in a worldcapitalist economy. Again. to The English developmentof a as farmerunrest added new fears to the responsibility. closingof thenationalworkshopssparked whichwas basedon statesheaded by citeGermany. the Napoleonic Wars led exemplifiedby the nobleand clerical into the HelvetianRepublic and the leadershipof theSpanish guerrilleros bourgeoissocial order had been gradual conservativemovement. By 1824 an Revolution theJune uprising of Parisworkers. The PapalStates into the RomanRepublic. familymembers, vassal states and allies. to the developmentof Germannational and without much violence. For Englishtrade union movement fought blood.,,’supression of the Paris June consciousness. duringthe popularuprising against Europefrom 1814 to 1848was a mess. Naples became the Parthenopean How could Napoleon, who Frenchoccupation. Backed by the instance,the crisis imposed on Britainby for the rightto organizethrough A conservativeand monarchistold Days,the Constitutionof the Second Republic.The Princesof the German encouragedthe overcomingof feudal Despitethe particularism of German British,the Spanish uprising proved to the AmericanRevolution led to the economicweapons (negotiations, Europeanorder tried to restore its feudal Republicand the farcethat was Louis Empirelost the territories west of the absolutismthrough the spread of liberal Princesand the dissolution of the Holy be thefirst crack in Napoleon’sEmpire. predominanceof Parliamentas the strikes,boycotts) to obtainbetter socialhegemony and suppress the liberal Napoleonand his empireended the Rhineand, with Prussia. withdrew from ibourgeoisideas and the introduction of RomanEmpire of the GermanNation, TheRussian invasion of 1812shattered governingsocial body withoutmuch workingconditions and wagesthrough consequencesof the French Re~,olution revolutionof 1848. the coalition.Spain became a French moderncivil codes of lawthroughout the Frenchrule. the spread of liberalideas, theimperium. domesticEnglish bloodshed. Much of collectiveagreements covering wages, and NapoleonicWars. In responseto Liberal,romantic nationalist and ally,leaving only Britain and Austria NapoleonicEmpire, how could he theemancipation of German Jewry, and thereaction to France’srevolutionary With the catastrophicdefeat of workinghours and conditions.Mutual liberalism a Romantic movement socialiststruggles also occurred in all againstFrance. Austria, while retaining possiblycreate a new Frenchnobility other consequencesof Napoleon’s turmoilon the partof Burkecan be aidand workers education associations developed,and in responseto the Europeanstates, excluding Britain and Venice,was forced to giveup thewest and a French empire along Roman empireproduced a senseof national Napoleon’sGrande Armee. the peoples understoodagainst this English history of Europerose up in whatamounted to were also part of the tradeunion developmentof a nascentindustrial Russia,in 1848.Germany. Prussia, bank of the Rhine. And Napoleon imperiallines.’? This would seem to have humiliationand nationalistreaction of a gradualdisplacement of the old movement.In addition,a movement for proletariatsocialist ideas were Austria,Italy and Hungary experienced harriedthe English in Egypt. runcounter to thenew bourgeois order expressedby Lessing,Goethe and other nationalwars of liberation.Prussia order.But Burke also wrote at a time revolted,followed by Austria.Within workers’ producer and consumer developing,accompanied by a growing numerousrevolutions between 1848 and France,as a nationof revolutionariesinstitutionalizedby Napoleon.To German writers.From a cultural when Englandwas rushing toward cooperativesgrew out of theideas and labormovement. National aspirations 1849.These revolutions failed, but they understandthis we must comprehend nationalism,this Germannational two shortyears, Napoleon’s empire anotherkind of revolution,the second in thestruggle against absolutism and collapsed,despite Napoleon’s aborted effortsof Owen,who pioneeredthe andagitation, a product of competitionalsomarked the failure of Europe’sold feudalism,was firstcommitted to that,while Napoleon did represent the movement developed political IndustrialRevolution which introduced establishmentof institutionsof in a world-capitalisteconomy, and the orderto achievea feudal restoration. interestsof the newFrench bourgeois dimensions. It opposed French returnin 1815.The Congress of Vienna massfactory production, not to mention establishing"natural frontiers" along the in 1814.comprised of representatives cooperativeself-help to competewith secondIndustrial Revolution created Moreabstractly, the Revolutions of Alps and the Rhine. But French order,he alsohad personal ambitions of Enlightenmentideas by drawingupon coal.steel and electricity. large-scalebusiness and industry. The powerfulsocial tensions. Throughout power.The quick collapse of Napoleon’s thatstrain of Enlightenmentthough, from the old ordersof all major 1848demonstrated the failureof ideas successes,based on itsreformed military Europeanpowers as wellas assorted The NapoleonicWars increased IndustrialRevolution, strong in southernEurope in Spain,Portugal, over reality.The ideasof French andNapoleon’s imperial ambitions, not empireindicates that it wasnot founded exemplifiedby Rousseau, that had been domestic English taxation and England, the Netherlands, and Naples,Serbia and Greeceliberal and on a lastingmaterial base, but rather on shunnedby the bourgeoisrepublican semi-independentprinces, set out to liberalism,no less than the ideasof to mentioncontinued attacks from the restorethe ancienregime throughout agriculturalsubsidies as a resultof the Switzerland,took hold of Franceby romanticnationalist uprisings occured monarchistconservatism, could not coalition,spurred France into greater theambitions of oneman. Girondistsbut adopted wholeheartedly lossof Europeanmarkets. They also 1825,Germany by 1850and Swedenby from1820 to 1830.Germany saw first by theradical republican Jacobins. Europe.The Congressattempted to simplybe imposed.They had to be military campaigns.A reformed Thisis notto denythat Napoleon and restorethe pre-1792 political situation (a gaveEngland new foreignmarkets and 1880,bringing with it modifiedcapitalist reaction,then the developmentof a rootedin materialconditions inorder to coalitionconsisting of England, hisempire had profound effects on the in Rousseau’smystic general will-- Europebefore Napoleon), legitimized empires,and pushed the English socialrelationships anddisturbing social nationalopposition and a native gain hold. German and Italian Portugal,Naples, Austria, the Ottoman rest of Europe.Economically, the basedupon the rights of man,equality, the dynasticrules and claimsof the economy into rapid industrial conflicts.The power and potential of the liberalismagainst Prussian conser- unificationalong more disciplined, Empire,and for a timeRussia initiated Frencheconomy received preferential popularsovereignty and universal remnantsof feudalabsolutism in the old development.Capitalistic ethics, industrialproletariat, after liberalism, vativism.In Francethe Bourbon royalty romanticnationalist lines followed the unsuccessfulactions in Switzerlandand treatment,resulting in theexpansion of suffrageand capableof unitingthe ordersof Europe’smajor powers, and bourgeoiswork relationshipsand wasthe principle enemy of conservatism. the Netherlands.Napoleon carried off thetextile industry and the stimulation individualinterest with the general establisheda fuedal solidarity to resist privatecapital accumulation had been The plightand threatposed by the hiscoup d’etat and launched successful of manufacturingregions outside of interest--Romanticismtook root. revolutionaryliberal ideas and justifiedand legitimizedby Adam growingindustrial proletariat, in turn, ! attackson northernItaly and Austria. France.The Napoleonic Wars propelled Romanticismsought a similarmystic movementsthroughout Europe. Smith’seconomic liberalism and the gave rise to four rootsof modern As a result,Russia withdrew from the both Englandand Franceinto the unionbetween emotion and reason. politicalliberalism of Locke. The growth socialismfeeding into the tap root of the coalitionto form a northerncoalition to secondIndustrial Revolution of coal, natureand spirit, the finite and the France retained its pre-1792 of scienceand scientific application, Frenchrevolutionary tradition. Thefirst protectneutral trade encompassing steeland factory production while they infinitethrough an emphasisupon the possesssions, checked by a craftsmenshipandtechnical innovation of thesewas UtopianSocialism. The Sweden,Denmark and Prussia.Austria led to the growth of German subjective;upon emotional freedom, Swedish/Norwegianunion, a new (flyingshuttle, iron "cooking," steam enlightenedtechnocratic order of Saint- wasforced to acceptthe French victories manufacturingandindustry. From 181 ! individualgenius and creative action, kingdomof UnitedNetherlands, and a engine,"Mule Jenny," the power-driven Simon.the voluntai-ycooperative in Italyand along the Rhine. And Italy to 1812in England,anti-industrial riots knowingfull-well that such means were Kingdomof Sardinia/Piedmont/Savoy. loom),an agricultural revolution inland phalansteresof Fourier.and the was reorganizedby Napoleon.The by machine-smashing Luddites ultimatelyincapable of achieving Switzerland,a confederationof 22 distributionandyield, the dispossession producercooperatives of Blanc’s GrandDutchy of Tuscanybecame the illustratedthat the creation of a mass, Romanticism’sgoals. Seeking a more cantons,was guaranteed"eternal of smallfarmers and the conclusion of nationalworkshops all proposed ideal Kingdomof Etruria,the Cisalpine urbanindustrial proletariat, and a substantialbase beyond individual neutrality."Russia got Poland.The Englishenclosure, and increasesin conceptionsof socialreform to be Republicbecame the Italian Republic, proletarianopposition to the new subjectivity,Romanticism turned to the Germanstates failed to achievea nation, populationhelped along by medical realizedby appealsto theinsight and the the Papalstates without Romagna and industrialorder, was well on itsway in sourcesof folkculture (folk songs, fairy theloose German confederation existing advances,all fueledthis Industrial conscienceof the propertied. Alongside the BourbonKingdom of Napleswere northwestEurope. But Britain’s betweenPrussian and Austrianpower. Revolution.The Englishbourgeoisie UtopianSocialism runs the Christian restored,and the Piedmontremained continentalblockade also resulted in a Austria,a multi-nationalempire, haddeveloped a free trade infrastructure Socialismof Kingsley,Carlyle, underFrench military administration. shortageof colonialgoods such as dominateda reconstructedItaly but biasedupon a securefinancial credit Lamennaisand Leroux,which appealed In addition,France occupied Hanover cottonand canesugar, which led to graduallylost influence over Germany, systemin theBank of England,an active to the Christiansentiments of the and triedto recoverits colonial risingprices, ersat: products such as beet whereasPrussia gained Saxony and coastaltrade, a strongfleet with naval propertiedand educated to helpease the possessionsin the Americas. sugar,black market smuggling and grew closer to the German supremacyand a profitableimperial miseryof themasses. Napoleonwas well on the way to corruption. Confederationwith its "watchon the worldtrade. Rhine"against France. In all,England BothUtopian and Christian Socialism forming a continentalsystem of The NapoleonicWars helped in the Cottonas anindustry (the slave trade wereupper class attempts to reformthe economicrationalization andprotective developmentof states with centralized benefitedmost from the Congress.in to Americancolonies, import of raw particularwith regard nascentindustrial order before the tariffsby thethird coalition of 1805. bureaucraciesand publiceducational to overseas cotton.English milling, spinning and growingpowderkeg of the industrial England,Sweden, Russia, Austria and systemscontrolled by the state. Prussia, possessionsand empire. weaving,and the export of cottongoods proletariat exploded. Of more Naplesconfronted France and its allies. for instance,attempted a "revolution Thisrestoration of the old order to Africaand the Americas) proved to be importancewas the development of neo- Bavaria,Baden, Wurttembergand fromabove" under French occupation throughoutEurope relied upon the the cuttingedge of the industrial Jacobinrepublicanism and anarchism Spain.The Austrian army was encircled to institutereforms in orderto create a ideologicaljustifications provided by revolutionof England,producing high TheJacobin experience, particularly in at UIm.leading to Austriancapitulation more popularstate withouttotal conservatism,a politicalschool of profitsfor littleinitial capital France,inspired a radicalrepublican and Napoleon’smarch into Vienna. abolitionof thefeudal Estate system. thoughinitiated by the Englishman. investment.In turn, capital from the strainthat gave Rousseau a socialist Napoleonsought to dismemberthe Thepeasantry was emancipated with the Edmund Burke. In reactionto the cottonindustry was used to expand interpretation.Radical egalitarianism, GermanEmpire of pettyprinces, the abolitionof serfdomand guarantees of bloody excesses of the French otherbranches of thetextile industry violentpopular revolution, and theuse creationof a bufferof Germanmiddle liberty,property, occupation and Revolutionandciting an instinctiveneed (wool),develop capital-intensive mining of statepower to guaranteeequality and statesto counterAustrian power, and equalitybefore the law. Municipal to preserveold, and possibly obsolete, and heavyindustries, revolutionize protectthe revolution were hallmarks of thesubjugation of these German states administrationwas reorganizedto formsof socialorganization out of a transportation(steamship, locomotive) thissocialism, for which the word was to Frenchpolitical and territorial permit rule by the propertied reverencefor establishedinstitutions and consolidateworld markets outside coinedin the1830’s. ]he conspiratorial interests.In orderto accomplishthis bourgeoisie,Guilds were abolished in and traditions,Burke considered the of thecontinental market. politicsof Blanqu!characterized neo- ecclesiasticalstates were secularized, the thename of freedomof theexercise of historicmanifestations of the state, The factory system-in its Jacobinsocialism. powerof Germany’simperial knights thetrades, the corvee labor service was society,culture and the law as concentrationanddivision of laboras wastempered, and the power of various done away with, and the Jews were organicallygrowing institutions. These wellas itsmass production techniques Thenascent working class within the Germanprinces was formally elevated. emancipated.Departmental ministries institutionswere not subjectto and mechanization-became the model feudal order before the French was restoredand the ultra-royalistsRevolutionsof 1848,whereas Auslr,;t In 1806,sixteen southern and western (war.the interior, finance, justice, etc.) alterationby the impositionof new of productiveeconomic organization for Revolutionhad been able to carveout a Germanstates formed the Confederation were organized,administration was seizedpower, only to be drivenout by achieveda multi-national,feudal ideas,theories and constitutions without thesecond Industrial Revolution. The measure of autonomy and power the 1830 July Revolutionwhich absolutistAustro-Hungarian empire of theRhine, an actof treasonagainst centralizedin provinces, administrative drastic consequences, and the industrialentrepreneurs whoowned the through the Guild system which throughconquests begun in 1848.Hegel, theEmpire which led to thedissolution districtsand counties,and national reaffirmedhourgeoi.s predominance in monarchy,the church,the trades,the privatecapital and socialmeans of monopolizedthe trades and crafts. The the constitutionalmonarchies of whoseconservative philosophy claimed of the looselyfederated "Holy Roman bodies of representation were familyand property were all legitimized productionrepresented by the factory. riseof (henew bourgeois order, in order that"absolute spirit" (reason. intellect. Empireof the GermanNation." guaranteed.The armywas reformedby northwestEurope and spurred on as institutionsand authorities jostledtheir way into an Englishruling to insurea powerlessworking class, liberal,romantic nationalist and even thoughtand being)manifested itscll In 1805Britain won the naval battle of thecreation of reservists,promotion by safeguardingthe traditional,God- classcomprised of landedgentry and destroyedthe Guildlabor system, but throughouthistory dialectically associal merit, eliminationof corporal tales,sagas and epics)and to the socialistmovements in central,southern Trafalgar,giving England supremacy at ordainedorder. The individualhad a largemerchants. The unskilled or semi- individualartisanship and crafts- andeastern Europe. forcesmoving toward a synthesisof punishment,the developmentof war assumptionthat the cultural spirit of the placeand a rolein thesocial hierarchy, menship,based on skill,persisted under sea,and permitting England to institute folkdeveloped organically out of its skilledindustrial proletariat created by greaterreason, freedom and spirit, had a continentalblockade to counter academiesto providefresh leadership whichwith the Estates and associations. the factorysystem was drawnfrom a earlycapitalist relationships. With The Netherlandsand Switzerland triedto justifythe constitution:~l and universalmilitary conscription. surroundings.Thusthe folk spirit, much was subjectto legitimateauthority industrializationandproletarianization experiencedliberalization, Germany telt Napoleon’scontinental system by 1806. likeRousseau’s general will, was beyond surplus rural population and unrestwhich led to liberalization,and monarchiststate as the suprcm: A fourth anti-Frenchcoalition. Finally.a systemof state-controlled exercisedin a feudallydecentralized concentratedinto urban, industrial eventhis was threatened. Anarchism. in expressionofthis "absolute spirit". S~i, public education through the alllaws of individual reason. Further, it manner,in contrastto Napoleonic many ways, beganas an attemptto Polandrevolted against Russian rule, comprisedof Prussia,Saxony and possessedspecial value rooted in nature areas.They weresubjected to long Spainand Portugal lost their empires in idealismcould not ~ithstand the soc,.,i. Russia.led to theisolation and utter establishmentof Gymnasiasecondary centralism. workinghours at starvationwages and recaptureeither the autonomyof economicand political realities tl:,.~ schoolsand theBerlin University was andhistorical uniqueness. underhorrific working conditions that artisanshipor the autonomy ot thelabor the Americas to independence collapseofPrussia by 1807.Prussia lost initiated.Similar retorms were also The reactionary nature of movements,Yet pressuresagainst the emergedafter 1848. realities that spell ,’ territorywest of theElbe and in Poland. Thefolk. by virtueof itsculture and conservativethinking, with its includedexploitive child and female Guild.At theend of the19th century in an endto theold [!uropean feudal ordt ~. enactedin thestates constituting the spirit,was a nation,a democratic nation labor,all justified bythe invisible hand Spain,Italy. Belgium and France, restoredold order continued to mount Danzigwas madea republicand the Confederationof the Rhine.In both encapsulationof privileged aristocratic throughoutEurope. In February1848 a limitationsto hourgeoi.~ liberalism, ar ! Kingdomof Westphaliaand the Grand offree men in itsmost ideal expression. groupsand uncriticalsubmission to of supplyand demand.The industrial MichaelBakunin and otheranarchists opportunitiesformodern socialism. cases, the Old Order was never This Romantic nationalism de- revolutionbroke out in Francewhen continuedon pageI ! proletariathad littlechoice but to beganto implimentanarchist theory as a --tobe continued-- 12 o Stories/n Sh rt \

Depressing Nuclear Nightmares! Circuit Sweat Psychiatry In planningfor nuclearwar, it is These human experimentsput the This just in from California--anew The Coalitionto Stop Electroshock criticalto knowprecisely what effects nuclearwar researchersin the same formof passiveexercise for thosetoo has placed proposition T on the nuclearweapons have on humanbeings. categoryas Hitler’s"scientists" and the laid backto move.New-age weight-loss November2 Berkeleyballot to outlaw From 1945 to the mid-1970s, U.S. "scientists"of Japanduring the early salonsare sellingsweatless slimming. the useof electroshock"therapy". governmentresearchers have gathered 1940s who conducted human For a mere $25, customershave the just such data by experimentingon experimentsfor chemicaland biological privilegeof lying on a couch for 45 Shocktreatmentwas inventedin 1938 humansubjects prisoners and hospital warfare.Nonetheless. one of them, minutes while electrodestaped to after Ugo Cerlettiobserved that hogs patients.Some of thesubjects died, and CharlesEdington sits in theDepartment "hangingbellies, deflated derrieres, and given an electroshockthrough the one of the experimentswas virtually of Energyand determinesstandards for pooped-outpecs" emit thousandsof temples no longer resisted being identicalto those conductedin the "safe" radiation,and another,Dr. tineyshocks. Billed as "thecivilized way slaughtered.Shock "therapy" was given concentrationcamps of Nazi Germany. Saenger,has had a nuclearmedicine to streamlineyour body," the technique to millionsof psychiatricpatients in the Onescientist involved in theexperiments laboratorydedicated in his name. is supposedto trimand tone muscles by 1940’s and 50’s. Today, even shock on prisonersis todayacting Assistant CounterSpy forcingthem to contractspasmodically. advocates admit that control-not Secretary for Health and the Salonowners claim that each session treatment-wasthe main goal. Environment in the Department of yieldsthe sameresults as 1,500situps. Energy,Dr. CharlesEdington. Japan reported36 accidentsat 24 The FDA callsthis claim "fraudulent," Shock treatment causes brain When Edington worked for the nuclear plants in 1981-thehighest arguingthat these minishock treatments- damage,pain, permanentmemory loss. Atomic Energy Commission(AEC) annual numbersince the first plant areneither safe nor effective. humiliation,and reducedability to 1963, he recommendedthat the AEC opened in 1966. 25 shutdowns were Satisfied client Keith Wetmore funda projectto irradiatethe sex organs concentrate and learn. A medical ordered to repairaccident related disagrees.After all, he says,"Vanity and literaturesurvey covering the years 1941 of male prisoners. The National problems. hapinessaren’t high priorities with the Asahi Evening News to 1977 found 384 deaths from Aeronauticsand Space Administration FDA." (NASA) wanted to know how ionizing electroshock.Electroshock is most commonlyused on peopleconsidered to radiationwould affect astronauts. dollars& Sense In a sixmonth period ending in April, be "depressed".Twice as many woman The experimentswent ahead, and 1981 more than 200 Ibs. of Plutonium as men are treated.In 1981,more than from1963 to 1973,the AEC irradiated the and Uranium are unaccountedfor at 40%of peoplereceiving shock treatment testiclesof 131prisoners in Washington DOEfacilities -- theworst case is at the Food’s"Detroit in Berkeleywere over 65 yearsof age. (WallaWalla) and OregonState prisons. SavannahRiver plant where 36 pounds The AECpaid the prisoners($5 a month, of Plutoniumhave beenlost. Disease" In the past,the violentconvulsions and $25 for every biopsy),and AEC The Tennessean officialsclaimed that they participated produced by shock treatments voluntarily. A Pennsylvaniaresearch organization sometimes caused broken bones and In a study of 19,400 "events"at torn ligaments. Now shock doctors in 1973,after spending $1.5 million, claimsthe U.S. food industry is heading nuclearpower plantsfrom 1969-1979, claim that anestheticsand muscle- the AECstopped the project, and with it downthe same pathas the Americancar CriticalMass EnergyProject found 169 paralyzing drugs have made the all medicalfollow-ups on thesubjects. industry: economic collapse. The could have led to core meltdowns.The procedure much safer. /he muscle The prisonerexperiments appear to be "Cornucopia Project" says food NRC says actually only 52 had paralyzercan causeprolonged failure to an outrightviolation of the Nuremberg producersare victimsof "Detroit’s meltdownpotential. breatheand cardiacshock. The paralysis Code,which states that the "voluntary Disease"--ignoringserious economic may also intensifythe horrorof the consent" of human subjects is AtlantaConstitution problems in pursuit of short-term patient’sexperience...While (anesthetics) "absolutelyessential." Voluntary, says profits. the Code,means that the personshould make for a smoother trip into Americanfood production,the group unconsciousness,they also increase the be "sosituated as to be ableto exercise Departmentof Energyresearchers fear says,is basedon the assumptionsthat chanceof deathby choking." free powerof choice...andshould have that gophers burrowing around Los cheap energyand inexpensivetopsoil sufficientknowledge and comprehension Alamos waste dumps could present a willlast forever. But, the Project points of the elementsof the subjectmatter problemwithin a few years.Rodents The state law regulatingshock has out, it now takes ten times as much beenon the booksfor almostfive years involvedas to enablehim to make an movetons of earthevery year around the energyto produceone calorie of foodas andstill isn’t being enforced. That’s why understanding and enlightened wastesite. it didin 1910;and in Iowaalone, topsoil the Citizens Advisory Council. decision." is erodingat a ratethat could fill a five- AssociatedPress appointed by the Governor and Researchdone by RobertAlvarez of tontruck every second. Legislatureto advisethem on mental the EnvironmentalPolicy Center (EPC) Says Projectleader Robert Rodale; healthmatters, called last year for a indicatesthat radiation experiments on "Unlessthe food industry forsakes short- statewide moratorium on shock humans for nuclearweapons purposes Mv Other Plane termprofits for a long-rangestrategy, treatment. began during World War II and were the’Detroit Disease’ will claim another conductedunder the ManhattanProject victim." Psychiatristswho use shock are which developed the atomic bomb. Is An E-2C reportedto have incomestwo or three PrairieSUN Project scientistsinjected large timeshigher than doctors who don’tuse quantitiesof Plutonium239 "into the it. PsychiatristDavid Viscott has veins of 18 men, women and children Perhaps you thought diamondsand written,"Finding that the patienthas rangingfrom age 6 to 69 years."The RollsRoyces were status symbols. Only The New Right’s insuranceseemed like the most common subjectswere not toldabout the nature in the bush leagues, apparently. indicationfor givingelectroshock." of theseexperiments. Following the mood of the AbortionNetwork Whenthe city of Berkeleycalled a public Experimentson hospitalpatients Administration,it’s now military hearingon shock this April,not one conductedin the 1960sand early1970s hardwarethat definesthe person.And The Nattonal Right to Life News singleperson who had receivedshock cameforward to say it hadhelped them, werealso designed to providedata on the onlythe verybest, like Grumman’s E-2C reports that the "...Human Life effectsof nuclearweapons on troops. Hawkeye,a flyingsix-ton radar system whiledozens of peopletestified that they Amendmentwouldn’t work without a had been harmedby it. Eighty-sevenpatients, all supposedly thatgoes for about $33 million. Take it networkof informers",and suggests that terminallyill, were subjected to whole- from EdgardI,uttwak of Georgetown’s the organization set up such an In 1967. Iobotomieswere common. bodyradiation treatments. A University Centerfor Strategicand International inlormants’ netgork to monitor The same"’experts" who defendedthose of Cincinnati review of Saenger’s Studies,"Anybody who doesn’thave an "throughthe grapevinesof community atrocitiesdefend shock treatment now. experimentsfound that of the first40 E-2Cor its equivalentis nota serious gossip...the performanceof surreptitious Institutional psychiatrists have patients,nine died within 38 daysafter person." abortions". enormouspower o~er their patients. eingirradiated. dollars& Sense IndustrialWorker Coalitionto Stop Electroshock