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MAPS,

AND TABLES

OF

CHRONOLOGY AND GENEALOGY;

SELECTED AND TRANSLATED

FROM

MONSIEUR KOCH'S

"TABLEAU DES REVOLUTIONS DE L'.

/

FOR THE USE OF HARROW SCHOOL.

LONDON : —BALDWIN AND CRADOCK.

MDCCCXXXI. :

LONDON Printed uy William Clowes. Stamford-street. ADVERTISEMENT.

The present work was undertaken with a view to illustrate a course of Elementary

Lectures on Modern History lately introduced at Harrow School. The Maps and

Tables are selected and translated from Monsieur Koch's " Tableau des Revolutions de l'Europe," which may fairly be characterised as the ablest manual of modern history that has yet appeared. A translation of the historical part of that work was published

- not long since at Edinburgh ; but that valuable portion of it which is now offered to the Public was still inaccessible to the English reader : —and it is hoped that the work in its present form may prove a useful companion to the historical works of Gibbon and Russel—of Mr. Hallam and Monsieur Sismondi.

C. T. L.

Harrow on the Hill, December. 1830. —

CONTENTS.

MAP I. Europe under the Western .

ii. „ late in the flfth century.

iii. „ under the elipire of charlemagne.

iv. „ after the division of the empire of charlemagne, towards the close of the ninth Century.

V. „ ABOUT the year 1074.

VI. „ ABOUT THE YEAR 1300.

VII. „ IN THE YEAR 1453.

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE of the Revolutions of Europe, from the Overthrow of the Western

Empire to the Peace of Paris in 1814.

GENEALOGICAL TABLES.

—

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE

OF THE

REVOLUTIONS OF EUROPE FROM THE OVERTHROW OF THE WESTERN EMPIRE TO THE PEACE OF PARIS IN 1814.

A. D. A.D. 406.—Invasion of by the Barbarians. 1030.— of Cordova dismembered—Decline of the Mahomedan 409.—Vandals, Suevi, and Alani establish themselves in . power in Spain. 413.—Passage of into Gaul. 1 035 .—Territory of Saneho the Great divided into the kingdoms of Navarre, 415.—Visigoths establish themselves in Spain. Castille, and Arragon. 427.—Vandals and Alani cross into Africa, and found . 1038.—Empire of Seljuckian Turks founded by Togrul-Beg. 430.— enter Gaul under Clodion—Merovingian begins. 1042.—Danes expelled from . 450.—Anglo-Saxons land in Britain. 1066.—Battle of Hastings—William, of Normandy, conquers Eng- 451.—Defeat of Attila and the in plains of Chalons. land. 472.—Dominion of Romans in Spain put an end to by Visigoths. 1071.—Seljuckian Turks take a part of Asia Minor from the Greeks. 476.—Rome taken by , of — Guelph, founder of the house of Brunswick, created duke of last of the West—Origin of kingdom of Heruli in . . 486.—Clovis defeats Syagrius at Soissons, and puts an end to the dominion 1073.—Gregory VII. (Hildebrand) elected , and confirmed by the of Romans in Gaul. emperor—He forbids the marriage of priests and the custom of 493.—Theodoric, king of Ostrogoths, conquers Heruli, and puts an end to lay investiture—Origin of the papal power—Decline of the empire their dominion in Italy. of . 534.—The Greeks put an end to the kingdom of the Vandals in Africa. 1075.—Holy Land conquered by the Seljuckian Turks. 553.—Justinian overthrows the monarchy of Ostrogoths, and Greeks be- 1076.—Henry IV. of Germany deposed by Gregory VII. come masters of Italy. 1087.—First war between and England—Origin of the national 568.—Foundation of the kingdom of in Italy. rivalry. 622—Era of the Hegira. 1095. —Council of Clermont—Origin of . 687.—Victory of Testry—Pepin d'Heristal usurps the sovereign power, 1096.—Crusade of Godfrey of Bouillon. under the title of duke and of the Franks. 1106.—The of Italy begin to form themselves into —Origin 711.—Battle of Xeres de la Frontera—The monarchy of the Visigoths of the commonalties. overthrown by the Arabs. 1115.—Roman law revived in Italy—Papal power increased by the bequest 730.—The Romans form themselves into a , under the authority of countess Matilda. of the Roman pontiffs—Origin of the civil dominion of the . 1122.—Concordat between emperor Henry V. and Calixtus II.—Calixtus 732.—Charles Martel defeats the Arabs at Poictiers. II. settles the question of investitures. 742.—The Dionysian Era first used by Franks in their public acts. 1130.—Roger II., first king of the Two Sicilies, of Norman dynasty. 749.—The caliphs of the Ommiad dynasty dethroned by the Abassides. 1139, 24th July.—Alphonso I. proclaimed king of . 750.—Alphonso I. founds the kingdom of Leon. 1152.—Eleanor of Poitou, heiress of Aquitaine, Gascogny, Poitou, &c, 752. —Pepin the Short elected king of the Franks— Carlovingian dynasty. divorced by Louis VII., marries Henry Plantagenet, count of 756.—The Roman pontiff put in possession of the exarchate of Anjou. by Pepin the Short. Decree of Gratian. 756.—The caliphate of Cordova founded by a descendant of the Ommiad 1154.—Henry II., king of England—Accession of . caliphs. 1156.— created a dukedom by emperor Frederic I. 771.—Charlemagne unites the of the Franks. 1157.—Albert the Bear, margrave of the north, gains possession of the 774.—The Franks masters of Italy and Rome—End of Lombard mo- of Brandenburgh—Origin of margraves of Brandeuburgh. narchy. 1164.— made a kingdom by emperor Frederic I. 800.—Charlemagne crowned emperor at Rome—Origin of empire of the 1167.—League of the cities of opposed by Frederic I.

Franks. 1171 .— seizes Egypt, and founds a sultan dynasty there. 814.—Death of Charlemagne—Louis le Debonnaire, emperor of Franks. 1 172.—Conquest of by Henry II., king of England. 827.—End of in England—Egbert the Great, king of all 1177.—Peace, of —Frederic I. renounces his claim to the prefecture England. of Rome—The Venetians elaim the lordship of the Adriatic. 843.—Peace of Verdun—Dismemberment of the empire of the Franks 1189.—Crusade of Frederic I., Philip , and Richard I. Origin of under , and of 1198.—Bohemia becomes a kingdom. under Lewis the German. 1200.—First mention of the mariner's compass. 850.—Russian monarchy founded by Ruric the Norman. 1202.—Fourth grand crusade under Boniface, marquis of Montferrat. 858.—Origin of kingdom of Navarre under Garcia. 1204.— taken by crusaders—Empire of Greeks dismembered 877.—Origin of the Feudal System in France. —Origin of the empire of the at Constantinople, and of 887.—Charles the Fat deposed by , who then make their crown the Greek at Nieaea and Trebisond. elective. Philip Augustus, king of France, takes Normandy from the English. 888.—Final dismemberment of the empire of the Franks. 1206.—Tschinghis-Khan founds the Mogul empire. 912.—Treaty of St. Clair sur Epte—Rollo, chief of the Normans, created 1215 Magna Charta signed. duke of Normandy, under the name of Robert I. 1230.—Balearic Isles conquered by the king of Arragon. 924.—Title of emperor of the West in abeyance for a while, on the death 1235.—Decretals of Gregory IX. of Berenger I., and emperor. Creation of of Brunswick in favour of the house of Guelph. 961.—Otho the Great re-unites Italy to Germany. 1241.—Origin of the . 962.—Title of emperor of the West renewed in the person of Otho the Great 1248.—Crusade of St. Louis. —Origin of the Empire of Germany. 1254.—Dominion of Ayoubite sultans in Egypt put an end to—Origin of 987.—Hugh Capet becomes king of France—Origin of the Capetian the empire of Mamelukes. dynasty. 1256.—Emancipation of the serfs at . 1014.—Canute the Great, king of . 1261.—Michael Paleologus, emperor of Nicsea, seizes Constantinople, and 1017.—Canute conquers England. puts an end to the empire of the Latins. 1022.— introduced into by Olaf II. 1265.—Accession of the house of Anjou to the throne (of the Two Sicilies. a — —

2 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE

A. D. A.D. * 1266.—Admission of the Commons to the English parliament. 1504.—Ferdinand the Catholic drives the French from The king 1273 —Accession of Rodolph of Hapsburg to the throne of the empire. dom incorporated with that of Arragon. 1282.— —Kingdom of passes to the house of Arragon. 1508.—League of Cambray, of the powers of Italy, against Venice. Conquest of Wales. 1512.—Jean d'Albret deprived of the kingdom of Navarre by Ferdinand 1289.—Contest between the Baliols and Bruces in Scotland. the Catholic. 1291. —Capture of Ptolemais and Tyre by the Mamelukes—End of the 1513.— is divided into thirteen cantons—Consolidation of the crusades. Swiss confederacy. 1300.—Boniface VIII.—Grandeur of the Popes. 1517.—Luther and Zuinglius—Origin of the . — Modern Turkish empire founded by Ottoman I. Dominion of the Mamelukes in Egypt and overthrown by 1303.—Admission of the Tiers-etatto the States General of France. Selim I., emperor of Turks. 1308.—Origin of the Swiss Confederation. 1519.—Charles V. elected emperor. 1309.—Popes at Avignon—Decline of their power. First voyage round the world by Ferdinand Magellan. The cities of the empire admitted to the diets. 1525.—Battle of —Francis I. prisoner. 1312.—Cannon and gunpowder employed by the Moors in Spain. 1526.—Battle of Mohacz—Death of Louis, and Bohemia 1315.—Emancipation of the royal serfs by Louis X. of France. —His dominions pass to Ferdinand of Austria, by his marriage Matthew Visconti, a Milanese noble, makes extensive conquests. with Anne of Hungary and Bohemia. 1328.—Philip VI., king of France—Accession of the . 1528.—Andrew re-establishes the republic of . Residence of the grand of fixed at Moscow. 1529.—Moldavia and Wallachia fall under dominion of . 1337.—Edward III. of England claims the French crown. 1530.—Charles V. gives island of to of St. John of Jerusalem. 1340.—Battle of Tariffa—Moors of Spain and Africa defeated by Alphonso Diet of Augsburg—-Confession of faith of the protestant XL, king of Castille. presented to the emperor. 1346.—Battle of Cressy. taken by the imperial troops—End of the republic of Flo- 1360.—Capture of Adrianople by Amurath I.—Turks establish themselves rence—Alexander of Medieis first duke of Florence. in Europe. 1532.—Henry VIII. divorces Catherine of Arragon. 1362.—John Wickiiff the reformer. J. Calvin at Paris. 1369.—Timour, or Tamerlane, the Mogul conqueror. 1535.— extinct—Duchy of passes to Spain. 1371.—Accession of the Stuarts to throne of Scotland. Revolution at —Introduction of democracy and Calvinism. 1378. — Grand schism of the west. 1542.—Ireland established as a kingdom. 1380.—Defeat of the Genoese at Chiozza—Decline of Genoa. 1544. September 18.—Peace of Cressy between Francis I. and Charles Denmark and Norway united. V.—The French abandon their claims on Italy—Preponderance of 1395.—Milan created a duchy in favour of the Visconti family. Spain in that quarter. 1396.—The Turks conquer Bulgaria. 1545.—Peter Farnese created duke of and Placentia by pope Paul 1399.—Accession of Henry IV., king of England. 1400.—John Huss, reformer in Bohemia. Council of Trent. 1407.— of St. George established at Genoa. 1546.—Sinalkaldic war. 1409.—Council of —Three popes. 1548.—Diet of Augsburg—Charles V. makes himself dictator—The Low 1414.—Council of Constance convened for purpose of putting an end to Countries placed under the protection of the empire, and styled the grand schism. " the circle of ." 1415.—. 1552, January 15.—Treaty of alliance of Chambord—War of Maurice, 1417.—End of the grand schism of the West—Election of Martin V. elector of Saxony, against Charles V.—Henry II., king of France, 1420.—Peace of Troyes —The throne of France guaranteed to king of Eng- ally of Maurice, takes Metz, Toul, and Verdun. land, to exclusion of dauphin. 1555.—Peace of Augsburg—The liberty of Germany, and the protestant discovered by the Portuguese. religion maintained against Charles V. 1422.—Henry VI., king of England, is proclaimed king of France. 1558.—The English lose Calais. 1431.—Council of Basle. 1560. —Conspiracy of Amboise—Beginning of the religious feuds in France. 1432.—Discovery of the by the Portuguese. 1563.—End of the Council of Trent. 1435.—Peace of Arras—Decline of English party in France. 1566.—Compromise of —Origin of the troubles in the Low Countries. 1436.—Invention of moveable types for printing. 1569.— created a grand duchy, in favour of the house of Medieis. 1433.—Accession of house of Hapsburg to the throne of the empire. 1570, 13th December.—Peace of Stettin—Denmark abandons its preten- 1444.—Battle of Varna by Amurath II. sions to . 1445.—A standing army established in France by Charles VII. 1572.—Brill taken by the insurgents in the Low Countries—Union of 1447.—Accession of the Sforza family to the . Dordrecht—Massacre of St. Bartholomew. 1452.—Civil war in England between the houses of York and Lancaster. 1576.—Origin of the catholic league in France. erected into a duchy. Pacification of Ghent. 1453.—English expelled from France, with the exception of Calais. 1579.—Treaty of union of Utrecht—Basis of the federative system of the , May 29.—Constantinople taken by Mahomet II. —End of eastern United Provinces. empire of Greeks. 1580.—Death of Henry the Cardinal, king of Portugal—The kingdom 1461.—Edward IV. king of England—Accession of the . passes to Spain. 1474.—Ferdinand the Catholic, prince of Arragon, becomes king of Cas- 1581.—Declaration of independence of the United Provinces. tille by his marriage with Isabella, heiress of that kingdom. 1582.—Gregorian calendar introduced. 1477.—, last , killed at the battle of 1584.—First English settlements in North America. Nancy—His daughter Mary, heiress' of his dominions, marries 1585.—Capture of by the —Amsterdam rises in Maximilian of Austria—Origin of the rivalry between France and importance. Austria. 1588.—Defeat of Spanish armada—Decline of Spanish monarchy. 1479.—Ferdinand, king of Castille, succeeds to the throne of Arragon 1595.—Peace of Teussin—Russians give up Esthonia to Sweden. Origin of the grandeur of the Spanish monarchy. 1598, April 13. —Edict of Nantes—Religious freedom granted to pro- 1485.— Battle of Bosworth—Union of the houses of York and Lancaster in testants. the person of Henry VII. —Accession of the . 1603, April 3.—Accession of the to the throne of England. 1486.—Cape of Good Hope discovered by Portuguese. 1608.—Quebec founded by the French. 1492.—Kingdom of Grenada conquered by Ferdinand the Catholic. 1610.—Moors expelled from Spain. Caribbee Islands discovered by Columbus. 1618.—Beginning of the Thirty Years' War—The duchy of Prussia de- 1493.—Bull of pope Alexander VI. for dividing the maritime discoveries volves to the electoral house of Brandenburg. between Spain and Portugal. 1619.—Batavia colonized by the Dutch. 1494.—Expedition of Charles VIII., king of France, for the conquest of 1620.—Battle of Prague. the . 1621.—War breaks out again in the Low Countries. 1495.—Diet of Worms—Peace of the empire established—Imperial cham- 1626.—Battle of Lutter—Christian IV. defeated by Tilly. ber instituted by Maximilian I. 1628.—Petition of Right acceded to by Charles I. 1498.—The Portuguese land at Calicut under Vasques de Gama—The 1629, September 25.—Truce of Altmarck between Sweden and discovery of a new route to India leads to the decline of Venice. retains Livonia. Main land of America discovered by Columbus. 1634, June 15.—Peace of Wiazma between Russians and Poles—Smo- 1499.—Peace of Bale— Swiss maintain their independence against the lensko, Tschernigow, and Nowgorod—Sewerskoi ceded to Poland. emperor. 1640, December 1.—Revolution in Portugal—Portuguese shake off Spa- 1500.—Brazil discovered by tbe Portuguese. nish yoke. — —

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 3

A, ». A. D. 1642.— Civil war in England between the king and parliament. 1707, March 6.—Union between England and Scotland. 1648, January 30.—Peace of Minister between the confederates of the Low Principality of Neufchatel devolves to king of Prussia. Countries and Spaniards—Independence of the United Provinces 1709, July 8.—Battle of Pultowa—Charles XII. defeated by Peter the recognised by Spain. Great—Decline of Sweden—Aggrandizement of Russia. October 24.——Independence of the Swiss re- 1711, July 21.—Peace of Falczi on Pruth between Russians and Turks ; cognised by emperor— and the sovereignty of the three Peter the Great obliged to surrender , and renounce the free bishoprics of Lorraine ceded to France—A part of Pomerania, navigation of . the isle of Rugen, Wismar, Bremen, and Werden, ceded to 1713, April 11.—Peace of Utrecht—Spain and France never to be united Sweden. —The Low Countries to form a barrier against France, and - Balance of power in Europe guaranteed. assigned to the emperor, with the kingdoms of Naples and Sar- 1649.—Charles I. beheaded. dinia, the duchy of Milan, and the ports of Tuscany—Sicily ceded 1G55.—Jamaica taken by the English from the Spaniards. to Victor Amadeus II., duke of —Gibraltar and Port Mahon Chades X., king of Sweden, invades Poland—General war in the retained by England.

north of Europe. , December 21.—Victor Amadeus, duke of Savoy, crowned king of 1657.—Treaty of Welau—The dukedom of Prussia declared a free and Sicily. independent sovereignty. 1714, August 12.—Accession of the . 1659, May 21.—Treaty of the Hague between France, England, and 1715,—The Morea taken from the Venetians by the Turks. Holland, for the purpose of maintaining the balance of power in Bremen and ceded to the elector of Hanover by king of the north. Denmark. 7. 1 . of Louis XIV. , November —Peace of the Pyrenees between France and Spain , September —Death Artois, Roussillon, a part of , of Hainault, and of Luxem- 1717, January 14.—Triple alliance of the Hague between France, England, bourg, ceded to France. and Holland, against Spain. 1630.—Peace of Oliva between Sweden and Poland—Livonia ceded to 1718, August 2.—Quadruple alliance between the emperor, king of Spain, Sweden. and duke of Savoy—Sicily ceded to emperor—Sardinia to duke 1660.—Restoration of the house of Stuart. of Savoy—Reversion of the and of 16C6.—Treaty of Cleves—Cleves, Marck, &c. guaranteed to the elector of of Parma and Placentia secured to don Carlos, infant of Juliers, the palatine Brandenburg ; Berg, &c. to duke of Spain. Neuburg. 1720.—Peace of Stockholm between Sweden and king of Prussia—Stettin 1667. January 30.—Truce of Andrussow between the Russians and Poles and Pomerania, between the Oder and Peene, ceded to the king of —Russia keeps Smolensko, Tschernigow, Kiow, &c, and the Prussia. Cossack territory beyond the Dnieper. . August 8.—Duke of Savoy put in possession of . 1668.—Triple alliance between Holland, Sweden, and England, to main- 1721^ September 10.—Peace of Nystett between Russia and Sweden- tain the independence of the Spanish Low Countries. Livonia, Ingria, and Carelia ceded to Russia—Russia the leading Peace of between Spain and Portugal—Independence of power of the north. title emperor of all the the latter guaranteed. , October 22.—Peter the Great assumes the of 2. of la Chapelle Cession of Lille, , May —Peace Aix — Douai, &c. to . France. Congress of Cambray. 1669.—Turks take Isle of Candia from the Venetians. 1731, January 20.—Last duke of Parma, of Farnese family, dies—Don 1672, April 6.—Louis XIV. makes war on Holland. Carlos becomes duke of Parma and Placentia. 1678.—Peace of Nimeguen—Franche Comte and several towns of Low 1733.—Death of Augustus II., king of Poland—Election of Stanislaus Countries ceded to France. Leczinski to the throne of Poland—Alliance between France, 1680.—Louis XIV. seizes the whole of Alsace. Spain, and king of Sardinia, in favour of Stanislaus, father-in-law 1681.—Strasbuvg surrenders to France. of Louis XV.—Augustus III., elector of Saxony, elected to the 1684,—Truce of Ratisbon for twenty years between France, Spain, and em- throne of Poland, under protection of Russia. peror—Louis XIV. retains some of his acquisitions. 1737,—Death of last grand duke of Tuscany, of Medicis family—Francis, 1685, October 22.—Revocation of edict of Nantes. duke of Lorraine, becomes grand duke of Tuscany. 1686, July 9.—League of Augsburg against Louis XIV. 1738, November 18. — between France and emperor 1688.—War of the palatinate. Lorraine ceded to France—Kingdom of two Sicilies to don Carlos —- — Revolution in England—Accession of William and Mary. —Grand duchy of Tuscany to duke of Lorraine—Parma and 1692.—Hanover made an electorate. Placentia to emperor— and Tortona to king of Sardinia. 1696.—Azov taken by Peter the Great—Origin of the Russian navy. 1739, September 18.—Peace of Belgrade between emperor, Russians, and 1697.—Peace of Ryswick between France, the emperor, Spain, England, Turks—Belgrade, Servia, and Austrian Wallachia restored to and Holland—Strasburg ceded to emperor—All acquisitions made Turks—The Russians give up their conquests, and again abandon by France beyond Alsace annulled—Duke of Lorraine re-esta- their claim to navigation of Black Sea. blished in his duchy. 1740, October 30.—Accession of . treaty of partition between Silesia War of Austrian 1698.—First France, England, and Holland , December 23.—King of Prussia invades — Joseph Ferdinand, prince elector of Bavaria, declared heir pre- succession. sumptive of the Spanish monarchy. 1741, May 18.—Alliance between France and Spain on one hand, and 1699.—Peace of Carlowitz between emperor, Poles, Venetians, and Turks elector of Bavaria on the other, against Maria Theresa. Hungary, except Temeswar, Transylvania, and Sclavonia, ceded 1742, June 11 and July 28.—Peace of Breslau and Berlin between queen to emperor, Kaminiec and Podolia to the Poles, and the Morea to of Hungary, king of Prussia, and elector of Saxony—Silesia Venice. ceded to Prussia. 1700. March 13.—Second treaty of partition signed in London between 1743, August 18.—Peace of Abo between Russia and Sweden—Part of France, England, and Holland—Archduke Charles of Austria Finland ceded to Russia. declared of Spanish monarchy Dettingcn. —Naples, Gui- , June 27.—Battle of puscoa, and Lorraine, assigned to the dauphin. 1744, March.—France declares war against Maria Theresa and Great Beginning of the general war in the north against Charles XII. Britain.

, July.—Peace of Constantinople between Peter the Great and Turks 1745, May 11.—Battle of Fontenoy. Russians retain Azov, and the free navigation of Black Sea. lands in Scotland. , August.— Accession , October 2.—Charles II. of Spain makes a will in favour of Philip 13. Francis I. elected emperor of Germany— , September — of Aujou, and dies November 1. of the .

, 14. Philip of Anjou proclaimed of between the empress, the king of November — V. king Spain—Ac- , December 25.—Peace of Dresden cession of . Prussia, and elector of Saxony. 1701. January 18.—Frederic III., elector of Brandenburg, assumes title of 174S._Peace of Aix la Chapelle—Duchies of Parma, Placentia, and king at Konigsberg, styled Frederic I. ceded to don Philip, infant of Spain—Territory of 5. of succession in Italy. Sardinia. , April —War Spanish commences Pavia and county of Aughiera to 23. Act of parliament for securing British England. , June — succession of throne 1755. June.—War between France and to house of Hanover. 1756.—King of Prussia invades Saxony. 18. Grand alliance signed at the Hague against France. join Austria and the elector , September — 1757.—The empire, France, Russia, Sweden, 1 703, May 27.—City of St. Petersburgh founded. of Saxony against king of Prussia. 27. treaty colonel Clive—Foundation of , December —Methuen between England and Portugal. , March 23.—Chandernagore taken by 1704.—Gibraltar taken by the English. in India. —~r- August 13.—Battle of Blenheim. August Battle of Miuden. } 1759, 1.— 15 2 — —

4 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE.

A. D. I A. D. 1759, August 10.—Don Carlos, king of the Two Sicilies, becomes king of 1795, May 16.—Treaty of peace between the republic of France and the Spain, under title of Charles III. United Provinces of the —Abolition of the office of September 13. Victory of general in Canada. , — Wolf stadtholder—Alliance offensive and defensive against England September 18. Quebec taken by the English. , — Cession of Dutch Flanders, Maestricht. Venlo, and their depen- IV., Carlos, , Ferdinand youngest son of don king of the Two Sicilies. dencies—Port of Flushing made free—Navigation of the Rhine, 1761, August 15.—Family compact between the different branches of the the Meuse, the Scheldt, and all their branches open to the two house of Bourbon. nations. February 10. Peace of Paris and Loudon between 22. 1763, — France, Spain, , July —Treaty of peace concluded at Basle between the king of Portugal, and England—Cession of Canada to England by Spain and republic of France—Cession of the Spanish part of the France, and of Florida by Spain. island of St. Domingo. 1764, king the at —Archduke Joseph elected of Romans Franckfort. , October 1.—Reunion of Belgium and the country of Liege by the 1765, March 22.—Stamp act, origin of discontent in the North American convention. colonies. , November 25.—Stanislaus Poniatowski, last king of Poland, resigns 1 768, May 15.— ceded to France by the . the crown. 1772, February 17.—Secret convention between the empress of Russia and 1796, March 30.— Buonaparte made commander-in-chief of the king of Prussia as to partition of Poland. army of Italy. 5. First treaty of partition Poland 15. , August — of —Polish Prussia, with , May —Treaty of peace between the king of Sardinia and republic a part of Poland proper, allotted to king of Prussia—Kingdoms of France—Cession of Savoy, and the counties of Nice, , of Gallicia and Lodomiria to Austria—Polish Livonia, with part and Beuil. of Lithuania, to Russia. 1797, February 19.—Peace of Tolentino between the pope and French re- 1773,—Definitive treaty of Warsaw as to first dismemberment of Poland, public—Cession of Avignon and the states of , Bologna, between the three powers and republic of Poland. and . July 21. of Koutschouk-Kaynardgi between Russians 1774, —Peace and , April 17.—Insurrection of the Venetian provinces against France. Turks Tartars of and Kuban declared independent of 16. Revolution of Venice — Establishment of provisional — , May — a the Porte—Azov and the territory between the Bog and Dnieper government—French enter the town. ceded to Russia. , May 22 and 23.—Revolution of Genoa. 19. begins. 1775, April —American war , June 14.—Installation of the provisional government of Genoa, by 1776, July 4.—Declaration of independence of the American colonies. the name of the . 4. , October —Act of confederation and union. , July 9.—Confederation of Milan — Proclamation of the Cisalpine 1778, February 6.—Treaty of alliance and commerce between France and republic, formed of Austrian Lombardy, Bergamo, Brescia, Cre- the United States of America. mona, and other portions of the states of Venice, and the

, War between France and England. Mantuan, the Modenese, Massa, and Carrara, the Bologuese, the 1782, September 24. — England acknowledges the independence of the Ferrarese, and Romagna.

States « 17. Definitive treaty United of America. , October — of peace of Campo Formio, between 1783, September 3. — Definitive peace of Versailles between England, the emperor, king of Hungary and Bohemia, and the republic France, and Spain—The port of Dunkirk made free—Minorca of France—Cession of the Belgian provinces and Austrian Lom- and Florida given back to Spain. bardy—Partition of the states of the —Corfu, 3. Cerigo, , September —Definitive peace of Paris between England and the Zante, Cephalonia, Santa-Maura, with the towns and United States of America. ports of Albania, ceded to France—Istria and Dalmatia, the 1784, January 8.—Convention of Constantinople between Russia and the islands of the Adriatic, the town of Venice, with the states of Porte, confirming the cession of the Crimea, the island of Taman, Terra Firma from the Adige to the Tanaro, and the , given up and that part of the Kuban situated on the right bank of the river to the emperor — The and its boundaries of the same name. acknowledged—That of Venice annihilated—Austrian Brisgau 20. given up in favour of the duke of Modena. , May —Definitive peace of Paris between England and Holland Cession of Negapatnam to England. 1798, January 26.—French army enters Switzerland. 1 1 . Proclamation of the Helvetian republic one indivisible 1785, September.—The command of the Hague taken from the stadtholder , April — and —He retires to Guelderland—Origin of the disturbances in Hol- —Formation of an executive directory. 26. union the republic with land. , April —Treaty of of of Geneva the re- 8. public of France, signed at Geneva. , November —Definitive peace of Fontainebleau between the emperor 19. fleet, the orders of Buonaparte, comes out of and the united provinces of the Netheilands—Closing of the , May —French under Scheldt confirmed. Toulon. 12. surrenders to Buonaparte's naval. 1787, January 1.—Edict of the emperor Joseph II. on the general govern- , June —Malta armament. July. Alexandria and Rosetta taken by Buonaparte. ment of the Netherlands—Origin of the disturbances in the , —

Netherlands. , August 1.—Battle of the Nile.

22. notables , December 6. French republic declares war against the of , February —First assembly of the of France at Versailles. — 1788, May 5.—Opening of the states general of France at Versailles. Naples and Sardinia. January 23. The French take possession of Naples Neapolitan , June 17.—Formation of the national constituent assembly. 1799, — — 1789, July 14.—Revolution of Paris—Taking of the Bastille—Institution of republic. 4. upon Syria. the national guards. , February — Buonaparte moves 12. directory of France declares war against the 1790, January 11.—Confederation of the Belgian provinces at Brussels, by , March —Executive the name of United Belgian States. emperor of Germany and grand duke of Tuscany.

. between Great Britain, the emperor of of Prussia an alliance with Porte -, April.—Second coalition , January 3 1 —King makes the against Austria and Russia. Germany, one part of the empire, the kings of Naples and Por- 1791, June 21.—Flight of Louis XVI. tugal, Russia, , and the states of Barbary, against France. April 21. Treaty of union of the Grisons with the Helvetian re- 1792, January 9.—Peace of Jassy between Russia and the Porte—Oczakow , — and the country between the Bog and the Dniester remain to public signed at Coire. May 4. Seringapatam, capital of the Mysore, taken by the English Russia—The Dniester is fixed upon as frontier between the two , — of Tippoo Saib's power in India. empires—Restitution of all the other conquests. —Overthrow government by the withdrawing 20. against , June 18.—Revolution in the French , April —France declares war Austria. 1792, September 21.—Opening of the national convention of France of three directors. September 30. Russians and Neapolitans take possession of Rome. Abolition of royalty—Proclamation of the French republic. , — 16. Buonaparte arrives at Paris. 1793, January 21.—Louis XVI. beheaded. , October — the legislative body of France to 1. , November 9 and 10. —Removal of , February —National convention of France declares war against the and the consti- king of Great Britain and the stadtholder of the United Provinces. St. Cloud— Suppression of the executive directory tution of the year three—Establishment of a consular executive , March 7.—France declares war against Spain. commission. , First coalition between Austria, Prussia, the Empire, Great Britain, 13. French constitution ordained Buonaparte Holland, Spain, Portugal, the two Sicilies, the States of the , December —New — Church, and the king of Sardinia against the republic of France. named first . 14. of Great St. Bernard by the French army of 1794, July 10.—Brussels taken by the French. 1800, May —Passage the 27. his faction. reserve. , July —Downfal of Robespierre and , 14. Battle of Marengo by the first consul Death of general 1795, January.—Conquest of the United Provinces by the French. June — — Dessaix. , February 9.—Treaty of peace between the republic of France and the 16. between generals Berthier and Melas All the grand duke of Tuscany. , June —Armistice — — —

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE,

A D. fortified places of and Lombardy, with the towns of federated states of the Rhine—Napoleon declared protector of Genoa, , and Urbino, given up to the French—Retreat of this confederation. the Austrians beyond the Oglio. 1806, August 1. —Confederated states of the Rhine notify to the diet of 1800, July 2.—Union of Ireland with Great Britain. Ratisbon their separation from the Germanic body. September 5.—Malta falls into the power of the English. , .—Proclamation of the emperor Francis II. on his abdica- ; 1801 February 9.—Treaty of peace signed at Luneville between France, tion of the throne of the empire—Entire dissolution of the Ger- the emperor, and the empire—-Cession of the whole left bank of manic body. 26. the Rhine, of the county of Falkenstein, and the Frickthal to , September —Napoleon leaves Paris to join his army of Germany, France—Principal clauses of the treaty of Campo Formio con- in the face of a fourth continental coalition ready to break forth firmed—The grand duchy of Tuscany confirmed to the duke of against France. Parma. , October 1.—Napoleon passes the Rhine at Metz, to put himself at

, March 8.—-Descent of the English upon Egypt. the head of the French army in Franconia. 14. March 9.—Definitive reunion of the four new departments of the , October —Battles of Jena and Auerstadt—Complete defeat of Rhine to the republic of France. the Prussian army by the emperor Napoleon—Between thirty and March 21.—Treaty between France and Spain concerning the cession forty thousand Prussians, with three hundred pieces of caunon, of the to the republic of France—Tuscany con- fall into the power of the French.

firmed to the prince of Parma with the title of king of . , October 27.—Napoleon enters Berlin. 28. at and , March —Treaty of peace signed Florence between France , October 28.—Duchy of Brunswick taken possession of in the name the king of the two Sicilies— Longone, the island of , of Napoleon. the states degli Presidi, and the principality of ceded to , October 31.—Elector of Hesse declared enemy of France—French France. take possession of Hesse.

G. Peace between Spain and Portugal — Olivenza ceded to , November 3. Imperial decree for the organization of the Prussian j June — — Spain—The Guadiana fixed on as boundary between the two states of the empire, and their division into four departments, countries. those of Berlin, Custrin, Stettin, and Magdeburg.

24. of peace and amity between France and the , 21. Berlin, declaring , August —Treaty November —Decree of Napoleon dated from elector palatine of Bavaria—He gives up his ancient possessions the British islands in a of blockade. on the left bank of the Rhine. , December 11.—Treaty of peace signed at Posen between Napoleon, , October 1.—Treaty of St. lldefonso between France and Spain emperor of the French, and the elector of Saxony—the elector restored to France. accedes to the confederation of the Rhine, under the title of king. 1802, January 26.—Buonaparte, first consul, accepts the office of president 1807, June 14.—Decisive gained by the emperor of the of the Italian republic, formerly Cisalpine—New organization of French over the Russians and Prussians. this republic. 7. Tilsit , July —Peace signed at between Russia and France—Cession

, March 27.—Peace between France, Spain, the , to Russia of that part of Polish or Eastern Prussia, situated and Great Britain, signed at Amiens—Island of Trinidad and the between the Bug, the Lossosna, the Bobra, the Narew, the Lissa, Dutch possessions in Ceylon given up to Great Britain—Acknow- the Narteck, &c.—Recognition of Joseph, Louis, and Jerome ledgment of the republic of the Seven Islands—Restoration of Buonaparte, as kings of Naples, Holland, and Westphalia—The Malta to the knights of the order of St. John of Jerusalem agreed seignory of Jever given up to the king of Holland. upon. 9. Tilsit between France , July —Treaty of peace at and Prussia 25. , June —Peace signed at Paris between France and the Ottoman Prussia gives up all her possessions in the empire on this side the navigation porte—Free of the Black Sea confirmed to the French Elbe ; as also the principal part of Polish Prussia described in the flag. two treaties of Tilsit—That part erected into the grand duchy of . August 2. —Napoleon Buonaparte proclaimed first consul for life. Warsaw is given to the king of Saxony, with the Circle of Cotbus 1 . decree of the senate reunites , September 1 —A Piedmont to France. in Lower Lusatia—Dantzic re-established in its independence 1803, February 19.—Act of mediation of the first consul concerning the under the protection of the kings of Prussia and Saxony—Navi- new constitution of Switzerland and its division into nineteen gation of the Vistula and the. Netza are declared perfectly free. cantons. , August 7 to 12.—Castel-novo, Cattaro, and the islands of the Ionian 16 22. renewed , May and —War between England and France. republic restored to the French by the Russians. 26. , May —French enter the electorate of Hanover. August of the island of Zealand by the English , 13.—Blockade 1804, May 18.—Decree of the senate declares Napoleon emperor of the War breaks out between England and Denmark—Siege of French, and tenders him the hereditary imperial dignity—Esta- Copenhagen commenced. blishment of electoral colleges, and of an imperial court. , August 18.—Imperial decree orders the reunion of all the states 4. , August —Francis II., emperor of Germany, declares himself composing the under one single govern- hereditary . ment, and gives the police and the administration of the country 1805, March 18.—The crown of Italy offered to the emperor Napoleon, into the hands of a regency. and accepted by him at a solemn assembly of the senate. 7. , September —Capitulation of Copenhagen after a terrible bombard- April 11. Treaty of St. Petersburg , — between Great Britain and ing—All the Danish fleet falls into the hands of the English. Russia for a third continental coalition against France. 0. , October 1 —Treaty between France and Austria signed at Fontaine- 23. , June — created a principality in favour of the prince and bleau—Boundaries fixed between Italy and Austrian provinces princess of Piombino. Establishment of a military road between the provinces of the September 24. Emperor Napoleon quits the capital, to , — place himself , lstria, and Dalmatia—Restoration of the for- at the head of the grand army. tress of Brennau agreed upon.

, October 1 7 and 19. Capitulation of Ulm Austrian army surrenders. — — , October 14.—Napoleon declares at the audience of the diplomatic , October 21.— between the British fleet and the body at Funtainebleau, that he will not henceforward permit any combined fleets of France and Spain. of the continental powers to have any connection either commer-

, November 13.—French enter Vienna. cial or diplomatic with England ; and that if in the space of two

, December 2. Battle — at Austerlitz of the three —Entire months the prince-regent of Portugal does not give it up, the defeat of the Austro-Russian army by the emperor Napoleon. shall cease to reign in Portugal. , December 26. Peace signed at Presburg between France — and , October 20.—Edict of the prince-regent of Portugal to close the Austria—The ancient states of Venice, with Dalmatia and Vene- ports of that kingdom against the navy of Great Britain, both tian Albania, given up for the kingdom of Italy—The princi- of war and ships. pality of Eichstett, part of the territory of Passau, the Tyrol, , October 26.—Russia declares all communication with England at an Augsburg, and all the Austrian possessions in Suabia, intlieBrisgau, end. and the Ortenau, awarded to the new kings of Bavaria and Wir- , A French army, under the orders of general Junot, enters Spain, temberg, and to the elector of Baden—Independence of the Hel- to act in concert with the Spaniards against Portugal. vetian republic, settled by the act of mediation, recognised. , November 6.—Russia declares war against England. 1806, January 1.—The new kings of Bavaria and Wirtemberg proclaimed. , November 29.—The prince-regent of Portugal embarks with his February 8. , —French army enters the kingdom of Naples. court to retire to Brazil. 15. — , March —Prince Joachim declared grand duke of Berg. — , November 30.—French troops enter Lisbon. , March 30.—Joseph Napoleon declared king of Naples and Sicily. , December 7. —Jerome Buonaparte takes the reins of government in 1. , May —States of Venice reunited to the kingdom of Italy. the kingdom of Westphalia. — 5. , June —Prince Louis Napoleon proclaimed king of Holland. — , December 12.—The taken possession of in the July 1 2. Treaty of perpetual alliance signed at Paris 1 — between France name of the emperor of the French—The tpaeen of Etruria sets and several members of the Germanic body, by the name of con- off for Spain with the king her son. —

6 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE.

A. D. A. D. 1807, December 17. Napoleon passes a decree at Milan, declaring — every 1809, May 17.—Decree of the emperor Napoleon dated from the camp of vessel a good and lawful prize which, in order to conform to the Vienna, for the union of the dominions of the pope with the French decrees of the British government of the twenty-first of Novem- empire—Rome declared a free imperial town—The pope to con- ber, shall have suffered the search of an English vessel, or paid tinue to hold his seat at Rome, with the revenue of two millions any tax to that government. of francs. , December 23. Contribution of one hundred millions of francs laid — , May 21, 22.—Destructive battle of Ebersdorf, Gros Aspern, and upon Portugal, by virtue of an imperial decree at Milan. Essling, on the left bank of the —Bridges of the Danube 1S03, February 1.—-Junot, general of the French army in Portugal, declares broken by the sudden rise of the waters, which obliges the French that the house of Braganza has ceased to reign in that kingdom. to retire to the great island of the Danube, called In der Lobau— Rome occupied by the French troops, under the command of gene- The marshal duke of Montebello dies of his wounds. ral Miollis. , July 5, 6, and 7.—Passage of the Danube by the French army near March 1. Imperial statute presented , — to the senate for the creation of the island of Lobau—Battles of Enzerdorf and Wagram—Aus- the titles of princes, dukes, counts, , and knights of the trian army under the archduke Charles defeated by the emperor French empire—Institution of a new hereditary . Napoleon.

, 18 19. March and —Insurrection of the people of Madrid and of , July 28.—. Aranjuez against Charles IV. 1. and his minister the prince of , July 31 and August —A large English fleet arrives off the coast of Peace—The king obliged to abdicate, and the Zealand—English land on the island of Walcheren, and take raised to the throne by the name of Ferdinand VII. possession of Middleburgh and Tervera. March 24. —French army enters Madrid, under the orders of the , September 17. —Peace between Russia and Sweden signed at Fre- grand duke of Berg. dericsham—Swedish Finland and the islands of Aland given up April 2. , —Imperial decree which dismembers the states of the Church, to Russia—The town and river of Tornea fixed on as northern , Urbino, Macerata, and Cainerino, and forms of them boundary between the two kingdoms.

three new departments of the kingdom of Italy. , October 14.—Imperial decree, dated from Schoenbrunn, for the for- April 15. , —Napoleon arrives at Bayonne. mation of the countries ceded to France by the peace of Vienna, 2.— , May -People of Madrid rise against the French, they are repressed comprising Dalmatia with its towns, into one single state, under —The insurrection gradually extends all over Spain. the name of IlhJriSn provinces.

, Charles IV., king of Spain, declares that his abdication of the crown , November 19.—Battle of Ocanna—Defeat of an army of 55, 00t> Spa- was constrained. nish insurgents by Joseph Buonaparte—English retire into Por- 6. , May —The prince of Asturias, Ferdinand VII., resigns the crown tugal. of Spain into his father's hands. , December 16.—The senate of France dissolves the marriage of the 9. , May —Treaty of Bayonne between Napoleon and the prince of emperor Napoleon and the empress Josephine. Asturias for the cession of Spain and the Indies —The king and 1810, January 14.—Treaty of Paris between the emperor Napoleon and his queen of Spain, the prince of Asturias, the queen of Etruria, and brother the king of Westphalia—The electorate of Hanover ceded the infants, as also the prince of Peace, retire into France. to the kingdom of Westphalia, with the exception of the duchy of 2-1. , May —Decree of the senate for the reunion of the duchios of Saxe Lauenberg, which the emperor reserves for himself.

Parma and Placentia, as also of Tuscany, to the French empire. , January 24 —Declaration of Napoleon against the government of

, June 6.—Proclamation of Napoleon, by which his brother Joseph, Holland, which had made its ports the principal entrepots of the king of Naples and Sicily, is declared king of Spain and the commerce of England. I 17. ndies. , February —The senate decrees the title of to the

, Insurrection of the Portuguese against the French begins at Oporto, eldest son of the emperor of the French, and ordains that the em- and spreads from thence throughout Portugal. peror of the French should be crowned a second time at Rome 15. , June —The Code Napoleon introduced into the kingdom of within the ten first years of his reign. Naples. , February 27.—Napoleon announces to the senate of France his

, Opening of the Spanish junta at Bayonne. marriage with the archduchess Maria Loiusa, daughter of Francis

, June 20.—New constitution of the kingdom of Naples decreed at II., emperor of Austria. Bayonne by king Joseph Buonaparte, and guaranteed by the , March 16.—Treaty concluded at Paris between the emperor Napo- emperor of the French. leon and king of Holland, by which all intercourse between the 1. , July —Code Napoleon introduced into the grand duchy of Baden. ports of England and Holland is prohibited, until the orders of

, July 31.—An , commanded by sir Arthur Wellesley, the British council of 1807 shall be revoked—The whole of Dutch lands in Portugal, and encamps on the heights of Leiria. Brabant, as well as Zealand, comprising the island of Schoen, ,August 1.—Joachim Buonaparte proclaimed at Naples king of the are given up to France.

two Sicilies. , April 19. —Revolution of the Caraccas in Spanish 21. , August —Battle of Vimiera in Portugal between the English and This province separates itself from the mother country, aud its French. example is followed by several other provinces. 24. 26. all , August —The insurgents of Spain proclaim Ferdinand VII. again. , April —A decree of the senate re-unites the countries situated

, August 30.—Convention of Cintra, near Lisbon, for the evacuation on the left bank of the Rhine, from the confines of the depart- of Portugal by the French army. ments of the Roer and the Lower Meuse to the sea.

, 5. 3. Holland, abdicates in favour of November —Napoleon arrives at his head-quarters at Vittoria in , July —Louis Buonaparte, king of Spain. his son, a minor—The regency is reserved for the queen-mother, 4. , December — Surrender of Madrid, French re-enter that capital. assisted by a council of regency. 12. 4. ; December —Napoleon issues a proclamation at Madrid, declaring , July —French troops enter Amsterdam under the orders of Mar- that Spain shall be treated as a conquered province if she persists shal duke of Reggio. 7. in not acknowledging king Joseph. , July —Isle of Bourbon taken by the English. 14. 9. the re-union of Holland to the of 1809, January —Treaty of .-e and alliance between Great Britain and , July —Imperial decree for empire the insurgents of Spain. France—Amsterdam declared to be the third town in the empire. 16. 5. announces to the United States of America, , January —Battle of Corunna, and death of general sir John , August —Napoleon Moore. that his Berlin and Milan decrees of 1806 and 1807 shall cease 3. if the British , March —Imperial decree declaring the princess Elizabeth princess to he in force from the first of November following, of Lucca and Piombino, grand duchess of Tuscany. government revoke its decrees concerning continental blockade

, The emperor Napoleon makes over the grand to and the subjection of neutrals to its regulations, or that the United Louis Buonaparte son of the king of Holland, reserving to him- States decide upon causing their rights of independence to be self the government aud administration of that state during the respected. 18. proposes the prince of Ponte Corvo minority of the young prince. , August —King of Sweden 11. states of the kingdom, as his successor to , April 9 and —Austrians invade Bavaria and Italy—Austria makes (Bernadotte) to the war again on France and its allies of the confederation of the the throne of Sweden. at Orebro, passes an Rhine. , August 21.—The diet of Sweden, assembled April 22. election the prince of Ponte Corvo and his heirs male, as , —Grand Austrian army, under the archduke Charles, de- act of of he feated by the emperor Napoleon at Eckmiihl, between Ratisbon successors to the throne of Sweden ; with a stipulation, that religion enters the kingdom and Landshut ; 50,000 Austrians made prisoners ; 100 pieces of shall embrace the Lutheran before he cannon, 40 standards, and 3000 baggage-waggons taken—Aus- of Sweden. 15. by the trians retreat by Ratisbon. , September —A French army enters Portugal, commanded 13. , May —Capitulation of Vienna, the garrison surrenders as prisoners prince of Essling. 19. that all English merchandise either of war. , October —Imperial decree, the —

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 7

A. D. A.T>. in France, Holland, the grand duchy of Berg, the Hanseatic 1812. October 22.—Siege of the castle of Burgos raised by lord Wellington towns, and generally from the Maine to the sea, shall be burned. —English army retreats towards Portugal. for resi- . 1810, November 8.—Imperial decree, assigning to the pope his , November 1 —French re-enter Madrid. dence the ancient of the archbishopric at Paris. , November 15.—The head-quarters of the grand army of France quit 12. Imperial decree, uniting the Valais to the French Smolensko. , November — empire. , November 19.—Passage of the Dnieper by the French army. 28. December 1 3.—Decree of the senate for uniting to the French em- , November —Battle of the Beresina between the French army and ; pire Holland, the Hanseatic towns of Bremen, Hamburgh, the two united Russian armies of the Volnia and the Dwina.

Lubeck, Lauenberg, and the countries situated between the , December 18.—Emperor Napoleon arrives at Paris. northern sea, and a line drawn from the confluence of the 1813.—Napoleon makes extraordinary efforts to renew the war.

and the Rhine, as far as Halteren, from Halteren to the Ems , April 20.—Takes the command of the army on the Elbe.

above Telget ; from the Ems to the confluence of the Werra and , May 10.—Battle of Lutzen, in which the French army loses 70,000 the Weser' near Rehme, beyond the Weser to Stolzenau, from men.

Stolzeuau to the Elbe above the confluence of the Steckenitz, and , .—Battle of Bautzen.

from the Steckenitz to the Trave, as far as its entrance into the , June 4. —Armistice between the allies and the French army. Baltic. , June 21.—Battle of Vittoria. appointing the allies France. 1811, January 8. —Act of the English parliament, prince of , Prussia and Sweden join against

Wales regent during the king's illness ; with restrictions for one year. , Denmark joins France.

the prince , expelled Spain. , March 5 and 15.—French army, commanded by of Ess- French from

lingen, retreats from Portugal. , Inquisition abolished. 6. the duke of Dalmatia. 28. Battle of Dresden Moreau killed. , May —Battle of Albufera under Marshal , August — — 5. independence by the congress of the September 7. English enter France on the south under Wellington. , July —Declaration of united , — in South 28. evacuates Dresden. provinces of Venezuela America. , September —Napoleon 19. 18. 1-8 1 2, January —Ciudad Rodrigo taken by the English. , October —Defeated at Leipsic. 18. 15. in Holland. , February —The prince regent of England enters into full royal , November —Revolution 1. authority. , December —Declaration of the allies at Frankfort. 8. the , May 28.—Treaty of peace signed at Bucharest between Russian , December —English army crosses Nive. plenipotentiaries and the grand vizir, the Pruth fixed upon as 1814.—Denmark makes peace with the allies. 4. boundary between the two empires. , January —Allied armies cross the Rhine.

, June 17.—Great Britain revokes the orders in council of the 7th , France invaded on the north.

January and 26th April, 1807. , March 30.—Battle of Montmartre.

, America declares war against England. , March 31.—Allies enter Paris. 19. , June —Pope Pius VII. arrives at Fontainebleau. , Paris capitulates. , June 22.—Napoleon declares war against Russia, by a proclamation — April 11. Buonaparte abdicates the throne of France. —, — 30. Territory the from Wilkowiski. , May —Peace of Paris— of France to be same as on , .—The French army, commanded by the emperor Napoleon, 1st January, 1792, subject to the following modifications: passes the Niemen at different points to enter Russia—Russian Landau to belong to France, and a part of the departments of army retreats towards the Dwina—All Lithuania open to the French. Mont Tonnerre and Lower Rhine also ceded, in order to join that , June 28.—Napoleon enters Wilna. fortress to the rest ji the kingdom. Belheim the point of the , The diet of Warsaw, formed into a general confederation, declares Rhine where the frontier touches it. Prefectures of Chamberry the kingdom of Poland and the body of the Polish nation re- and Annecy ceded to France—Frontier near Valenciennes ex- established—This act of confederation submitted to the approba- tended so as to take in Dour, Merbes le Chateau, Beaumont, and tion of the emperor. Chinay. In the departments of Sambre and Meuse, frontier ex- 1. , July —The emperor names a provisional government for Lithuania. tended to Valcourt, Florennes, Beaurraing, Godune. Sarrebruck July 18. signed at to Congress Vienna ordains that , —Peace Orebro between Great Britain, Russia, and to belong France. of the seven- Sweden. teen provinces formerly under sway of shall 20. , July —Treaty of alliance between the emperor of Russia and the be given to prince of Orange, with title of king. Prussia receives insurgents of Spain. part of Saxon territory, including Saxon duchy, both divisions of

, July 22.—Battle of Salamanca between the marquis of Wellington Lusatia, the Landgravate of Thuringia, and county of Henneburg. and the duke of Ragusa—Retreat of the French army behind the The greater part of Poland, including the , Douro. assigned to emperor Alexander, who declared himself king of that

, July 23.—Battle of Mohilow gained by the prince of Echmuhl over country. The German states to be independent, and united prince Bagration. under a federative league, with a diet at Frankfort. Ionian , August 11 .—English enter Madrid. islands become an independent state under the protection of Great 17. , August — Battle of Smolensko gained by the emperor Napoleon Britain. Genoa ceded to king of Sardinia—Venice to Austria over several divisions of the Russian army—Smolensko taken. Malta to belong to Britain. Colonies, &c. taken by England 7. , September —Battle of the Moskwa gained by Napoleon over the from France to be restored as on 1st January, 1792, save Tobago, Russian general Kutusoff—Russian general Bagration mortally St. Lucie, Isle of France and its dependencies. Great part of St. wounded. Domingo ceded to France by treaty of Basle, retroceded to his

, September 14.—French enter Moscow — Moscow burned by the catholic majesty. Guadaloupe and restored to his Russians. most christian majesty. Port of Antwerp to be solely a port of , October 19.—French army quits Moscow. commerce.

; ; ;

GENEALOGICAL TABLES.

TABLE I.] of the Palace, Dukes and Princes of the Franks, under the latter Merovingian Kings.

S. Arnold, Bishop of Metz, of the Palace under Dagohert I. 640. A „^ Anchises, Mayor of the Palace under Sigebert II., killed in 674.

\ . .

Pepin of Heristel sets himself up as Mayor of the Palace, of , 687 ; becomes master of the monarchy by the victory of Testry, 687 ; takes the

title of Duke and Prince of the Franks, •{ 714 ; married 1. Plectru.de, divorced about 688 ; 2. Alpaide.

Grimoald, Mayor of the Palace of ; Charles Martel sets himself up as Duke of Austrasia, as Mayor of the Palace, assassinated 714. and master of the monai'chy, 715 —718; \ 741. a ThendoaU, Mayor of the Palace under the guardianship Carloman, Duke and Prince of the Franks, obtains Pepin the Short, Duke and Prince of the Franks, obtains of his grandmother Plectrude, 714 ; deposed 715. Austrasia, 741 ; retires to Mount Cassinus, 746 Neustria, \ 755. 741 ; re-unites the whole monarchy, 746 royal dignity, •}• ; 752 ; 768.

75 1 Charlemagne, born 742 ; King of Neustria, 768; re-unites the whole monarchy, 771 ; King of the Carloman, born ; King of Aus-

Franks and of the Lombards, 774 ; crowned Emperor at Rome, 800 •{• 814. trasia, 768 771. ; ; f

See Table II. Pepin.

TABLE II.] Emperors and Kings of Italy of the Carlovingian Franks.

Charlemagne, or Charles I., son of Pepin the Short, (Table I.) King of the Franks and of the Lombards, 768—774 ; crowned Emp. at Rome, 800 -j- 814. ;

, a ; .

Pepin, King of Italy, 781 810. 4. Louis I., surnamed the Debonnaire, Colleague in the Empire, 813 840. A ; f A ; f

3. Bernard, Adelaide, according 5. Lothario I., col- Louis, surnamed the 7. Charles II., surnamed the Bald, Gisele, married King of Italy, to some, married league in the Em- of of France, 843 Emperor and Everard, German, King King ; C. 810; 818. Lambert, pire, 817 855. Germany, 843 King of Italy, 875, 876 877. 867. f ; f ; -f ; f 876. (See Table XI.)

10. Guy, Duke of 6. Louis II., Charles, 3. Carloman, Louis II., sur- 9. Charles III., 14. Berenger I. Spoleto, King of colleague in King of K.of Bavaria, named the surnamed the Duke of Friuli, Italy, 888 ; Emperor the Empire, 876; of Italy, young, King Fat, Emp. and King of Italy,

891 ; 894. 850; 875. •{• 863. 877 -\- 880. of Saxony King of Italy, Emperor, f f ; ; 888; A 882. 880 888. - 924. f ; -f- 916; 11. Lambert, Em- Ermencja.rde mar- Bertha, mar- 12. Arnold, King j peror and King of ried -Boson,King ried Thi- of Germany, 887 Gisele, married Italy, 894; 898. of Cis -jurane bald, C. Emperor andKing Athelbert, Mar-

Burgundy ; + of Italy, 896 grave of . ; f 887. 899. A , _ 15. Rodolph, King of Bur- 18. Berenger 13. Louis, King 16. Hugh, C. of gundy, elected King of Italy, II., King of of Cis -jurane Provence, King in opposition to Berenger I., Italy, 950; de- Burgundy, 887; of Italy, 926 921 deposed, 926 937. throned by Otho ; ; ; f of Italy, 899 947. the Great ; f ;

Emperor, 901 ; Adelaide, married 1st, Lothario, 966.

deposed, 902 17. Lothario, King of Italy 950 2d, , A ; f ; ( f about 923. Colleague in the Otho the Great, King of Ger- 19. Athelbert, kingdom of Ita- many, 951. King of Italy, ly, 931 ; -{-950; conjointly with married Ade- his father. laide, daughter of King Ro- dolph. ; \

10 GENEALOGICAL TABLES.

TABLE III.] Kings of Germany and Lorraine, of the Carlovingian Race.

1. Louis I., called the German, younger son of Lewis the Debonnaire (Table II.), first King of Germany by the peace of Verdun, 843 ; -\- 876.

of Bavaria, 876 -\- 880. 3. II., called 2. Carloman, King ; Louis the Young, King 4. Charles III. (L), called the Fat, King of of Saxony, 876 of Lorraine, ; 879 ; Suabia, 876 ; King of Italy, and Emperor, 5. Arnold, natural son, elected King of Germany 882. of all f 880 ; King Germany and of Lorraine, 899. and Lorraine, 887 ; 882 deposed, 887 888. f ; ; f * *. $ 6. Louis III., called the Infant, elected King of 7. Conrad I., elected King of Germany, 911: Germany, 900 King of Lorraine, 900 911. , ; f f 918.

TABLE IV.] Emperors and Kings of Germany, of Lorraine, of Italy, of the House of Saxony.

8. Henry I., called the Fowler, elected King of Germany, 919; re-unites the kingdom of Lorraine, 925; •{• 936.

. —.A. 9. Otho, called the Great, elected King of Germany and Lorraine, Henri/, Duke of Bavaria, 955. A regent of Italy, crowned at Milan, 961 ; crowned at Rome, 962 936 ; ;

+ 973. Henry, called the Quarre/some, Duke of Bavaria, -j- 995. 1 A 1 ' — King, 983. II., 10. Otho II., Emperor and 973; «f- 12. Henry called the Saint, elected and crowned King of * r ^ Germany and Lorraine, 1002; crowned King of Italy, 1004; III., elected King of Germany, of Lorraine, and of Italy, 983 and Emperor at Rome, 1024. 11. Otho ; 1014; >f> at 996 1002. crowned Emperor Rome, ; -f-

TABLE V.] Emperors and Kings of Germany, Lorraine, Burgundy, and Italy, of the Salique House.

Italy, 13. Conrad II., called the Salique, elected King of Germany, Lorraine, and 1024 ; re-united the kingdom of Burgundy, or of Aries, 1032 crowned Emperor at Rome, 1027; •{• 1039. A ,

14. Henry III., King, 1039 ; crowned Emperor at Rome, 1046 -\- 1056. A ; 15. IV., King, 1056 at 1084 Henry ; crowned Emperor Rome, ; 1106. * # A -f- # , v 17. Lothario, called the Saxon,

16. Henry V., King, 1106; crowned Emperor at Rome, 1111 ; 1125. elected King of Germany, &c. 1125; crowned Emperor at Rome, 1133; •(• 1137.

TABLE VI.] Emperors and Kings of the House of .

Frederic of Hohenstaufen, Duke of Suabia and Franconia, •(- 1 105 married Jgnes, daughter of the Emperor Henry IV, 1080. a ;

Frederic, called the Squinter, Duke of Suabia, -j* 1147. 18. Conrad III., elected and crowned King of Germany, 1138 ; 1152.

A ,

I., called Barbarossa, elected Kiug, 1152 at Rome, 1155 1190. 19. Frederic ; crowned King of Italy at Pavia, and Emperor ; -f-

A ,

crowned in Germany, 1169 ; crowned at Milan, 1186 at 21. Philip elected King, 1198; 1208. 20. Henry VI., elected and ; Emperor -f> Rome, 1191; 1197. A f * * * * , — 22. Otho IV., son of Henry, called the Lion,

elected in German}', 1212 ; crowned Emperor at Rome, 1220 1250 Duke of Saxony, elected King, 1198; crowned 23. Frederic II., ; ^

A : , Italy Emperor, 1209 1218. , King of and ; -f- 24. IV., King, 1250 1254. Conrad ; -f

TABLE VII.] Emperors and Kings of different Houses.

27. I., 25. William, son of Florentius IV., 26. Richard, son of John Lack-Land, King Rodolph of Hapsburg ; elected King, 1291. Count of Holland, elected King, 1247; of England, elected King, 1257; f 1272. 1273;A f \ 1256. 29. Albert I. of Austria, elected King, of elected King, 1298. 1298 assassinated, 1308. 28. Adolphus, son of Walram, Count Nassau, 1292 ; \ ; ; ;

GENEALOGICAL TABLES. 11

TABLE VIII.] Emperors and Kings of the House of Luxemburg.

30. Henry VII., son of Henry, Count of Luxemburg, elected King, 1308; at 1313. 31. Louis IV. of Bavaria, elected King, crowned King of Italy at Milan, 1311; Emperor Rome, 1312 ; -f 1314;

. , A crowned King of Italy at Milan, , 1327 ; emperor •{• the Blind, King of Bohemia, and Count of Luxemburg, + 1346. at Rome, 1328 ; 1347. John A at John Henri/, Margrave of 32. Charles IV. (II.) elected King, 1346 ; crowned King of Italy Milan, and Moravia, 1375.

-\- Emperor at Rome, 1355 ; 1378. 35. Josse or Jodocus, elected King, 1410; + 1411.

33. Wenceslaus, King, 1378 ; 36. Sigismund, elected King, 1411; crowned * # * deposed, 1400 1419. King of Italy at Milan, 1431 Emperor at 34. Robert, son of Robert II., Elector Palatine, ; f ; -\- 1437. elected King, 1400; 1410. Rome, 1433 ; f

TABLE IX.] Emperors and Kings of the House of Hapsburg-Austria.

Albert II., Duke of Austria, grandson of the Emperor Rodolph of Hapsburgh, •{• 1358. A

Leopold III., Duke of Austria, killed at Sempach, 1386. Albert III., Duke of Austria, 1395.

A A ! , , ^ ( Ernest, surnamed of Iron, Duke of Austria, 1424. Albert IV, Duke of Austria, 4 1404. A A

38. Frederic III., elected King, 1440 ; crowned King of Italy and Emperor at 37. Albert II., elected King, 1438 1439. ; f Rome, 1452 -\- 1493. A ; t

39. Maximilian I., elected , 1486 ; succeeds his father, 1493; takes the title of Emperor elect, 1508; 1519. A f ,

Philip of Austria, King of Castile, 1505 ; + 1506. A.

40. Chari.es the Fifth, (III.) King of Spain, 1516 ; elected King of the Romans, 41. Ferdinand I., King of Hungary and Bohemia,

1519 ; crowned at Bologna of italy Emperor, ; abdicates the 1527 ; elected King of the Romans, 1531 King and 1531 empire ; Emperor and 4 1558. elect, 1558; + 1564. .A 42. Maximilian II., elected King of the Romans, 1562 Emperor elect, 1576. Charles, Archduke of Austria, at Graetz, ; 1564; -f 1590.

, A A (

43. Rodolph II., elected King of the Romans, 1575 44. Mathias, Emp. elect, 1612 1619. 45. Ferdinand II., Emp. elect, 1619 ; +1637. ; ; f ' Emperor elect, 1576; ^ 1612. A 46. Ferdinand III., elected King of the Romans, * # * 1636 ; 51. Charles VII. (V.) Elector of Bavaria, Emperor Emperor elect, 1637 •}• 1657. ; elect, 1742; f 1745. 1a sK. 47. Ferdinand IV., elected King of the Romans, 1653 48. Leopold I., Emperor elect, 1658, Maximilian-Joseph, Elector of Bavaria, + 1654. f 1705. + 1777.

49. Joseph I., elected King of the Romans, 1690 ; Em- 50. Charles VI. (IV.) Emperor elect, elect, peror 1705; -\- 1711. 17 11 ; 4 1740.

Maria Theresa, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia, 1740; Empress, 1745; 1780; married Francis of Lorraine, grand Duke of Tuscany.

(See Table X.)

c 2 ; ; ; ; '

12 GENEALOGICAL TABLES.

TABLE X.] Imperial Family of Austrian-Lorraine.

Lorraine, 52. Francis I., bora 1708, son of Leopold, Duke of becomes grand Duke of Tuscany, 1737 ; Emperor elect, 1745 ; {• 1765 ; married Maria-Theresa, daughter and heiress of the Emperor Charles VI. 1736 1780 a ; !

53. Joseph II. Maria-Christi- Maria-Amelia, 54. Leopold II., Maria - Caroli- Ferdinand, born Marie - Antoi- Maximilian, b. born 1741 na, born 1 born 1746 born 1747 gr. ««,born 1752, 1754 ; 742, ; ; governor of nette,]). 1755, 1756; Elector elected King •j- 1798; mar- 1804 ; mar- Duke of Tus- married Fer- Austrian -Lombar- 1793; mar- of , •f- f of the Ro- ried Albert, ried Ferdi- cany, 1765 ; e- dinand IV., dy until 1796; ried Louis, and Bishop mans, 1764 of lected Emperor, Sicily, ; Duke of Saxe- nand, Duke K. of Duke of Modena- Dauphin of of Minister, elected Em- Teschen,1766. 1769. 1790; 1768. Brisgau, Parma, f 1792; 1803 France, 1770. 1784; f 1801. peror, 1765 married Maria- ; •f- 1806 ; married f 1790. Louisa, daugh- Maria - Beatrice, ter of Charles daughter and heir- III., King of ess of the last

Spain, 1765 ; Duke of Modena, \- 1792. 1771. A

Maria -The- Maria -Leo- Franc Ferdi- Maximi- Cha?-les, Maria - rrsa, born poldina, b. Joseph- nand, b. lian, b. b. 1785. Louisa-

1773 ; mar- 1 776 ; mar- Charles, 1781. 1782. Beatrice, ried Victor ried Charles b. 1779. b. 1787; Emanuel, Theodore, married K. of Sar- Elector Pa- F?-ancis dinia.1789. latine of II. (I.) Bavaria, Emperor 1795. 1808.

55. Francis II. born 1768 Maria - Ferdinand, b Maria- Charles, Ge- Joseph, Pa- (1.) ; Antony, John, Rcgnier, Lewis, Rodolph, elected Emperor, 1 Anna, neralissimo latine of b. 1792 ; here- Theresa, 769 ; grand 1779. b. 1781. b. 1783. b. 1784. b. 1788. ditary Emperor of Austria, b. 1767; Duke of Tus- b. 1770. of the Aus- Hungary, 1804 trian armies ; relinquishes the dignity married cany, 1791 ; born 1776; of Emperor of the Romans, Antony, Elect.ofSaltz- born 1771. married burg, Atexandri- 1806 ; married, 1. Elizabeth- Prince of 1S03 JVilltelmina-Louisa,Vi'mcess of Saxony, grandDukeof na Pawlow-

Wirtemburg, •)• 1801. 1788 ; 1790 ; 1787. Wurtzburg, 2. Muria-Theresa, daughter of 1806; mar- Ferdinand IV., King of Sicily, ried Louisa- 1807 3. Amelia, Prin- 1790; f ; Maria- Louisa-Beatrice, daughter of cess of Sicilv, Archduke Ferdinand, 1808; •j- 1802. April, •f- 1816 ; 4. Charlotte Augusta of Bavaria, Nov. 1 8 1 6. Leopold, heredi- Maria- Theresa, tary gr. Duke, Louisa, b. 1801. born 1797; mar- b. 1798. ried Maria-An- na - Carolina, Princess of Sax- ony, 1817.

Maria-Louisa, b. Ferdinand Leopoldina - Maria- Joseph- Caroline- Francis- Maria- Jokn-

1791 ; married Charles, im- Caroline-Jo- Clementina- Francis- Ferdinanda- Charles- Anna- Nepomucenes- Napoleon, Em- perial prince seph, born Frances, Leopold, Joseph- Joseph, Frances, Charles- peror of the born 1793. 1793; mar- born 1798. born 1799. Vemetria, born 1802. born 1804. Francis- French, 1810; ried Pedro born 1801. Joseph, separated, 1814; Antonio, Pr. "born 1805. Duchess of Par- of Brasil, ma, 1815. 1817.

TABLE XL] Kings of France of the Carlovingian Race.

first France, by the peace of Verdun in 1. Charles I., surnamed the Bald, youngest son of Louis the Debonnaire, (see Table II.) King of 843 ; ^ 877.

, A ,

2. Louis II. (I.) surnamed the Stammerer, King, 877 ; 879. A

6. Eudes, Son of Bo. 3. Louis III. (II.) 4. Carloman, King, 7. Charles III., surnamed the Simple, proclaimed 5. Charles II., sur-

- bert the Str.ny, King, King, 879 882. 879 -j 884. King, in opposition to Eudes, 892 ; imprisoned, 923 named the Fat, ; f ; ; 888; 898. f 929. third son of Louis A the German, King, # * * ) ( I., youngest 10. Louis IV. (III.) King, 936 954. 865 888. 8. Robert ; f ;

, A _ f 923. of Robert I., King, 12. Idle, King, 986 987. -j- 936. Louis V. (IV.) surnamed the ; -f- 923 ; GENEALOGICAL TABLES. 13

TABLE XII.] Kings of France of the , from Hugh Capet to Charles the Fair.

13. Hugh Capet, grandson of King Robert I., King, 987 996. A ; -f- , ^ 14. Robert II., King, 996 1031. ; f

15. Henry I., King, 1031 1060. A ; f 16. Philip I., King, 1060; f 1108.

(V.) surnamed King, 1137. 17. Louis VI. the Fat, 1108; -f-

- A. VII. (VI.) surnamed the Young, King, 1180. 18. Louis 1137; -J- .a 19. Philip II. Augustus, King, 1180; f 1223. A. _ 20. Louis VIII. (VIL) King, 1223; f 1226.

IX. (VIII.) or St. Louis, King, 1225 1270. Charles, Count of Anjou, founder of the of Naples. 21. Louis ; f

•}• Robert, of Clermont, -\- founder of the 22. Philip III., surnamed the Bold, King, 1270 ; 1285. Count 1317, branch of Bourbon.

I (See Table XV.)

-j- founder of the 23. Philip IV., surnamed the Fair, King, 1285 ; •)• 1314. Charles, Count of Valois, 1325, branch of Valois.

I (See Tables XIII. and XIV.)

Isabella, 1357 married of 26. Philip 27. 24. Louis X. (IX.) surnamed le Hutin, King, 1314 ; \ ; Edward II. king England. V., Charles A . 1316. v surnamedTHE IV. surnamed A king of England, Tall, , , Edward III pretender throne , to the King, the Fair, 25. John I., surnamed the Posthumous, King, of France in 1337. 1316,^-1322. King, 1322; born and f 1316. f 1328.

TABLE XIII.] Kings of France of the House of Valois.

Charles Valois, younger son of King Philip III., the XII.), 1325. of surnamed Bold, (see Table -f-

, ^! , 28. Philip VI. of Valois, King, 1328; j- 1350.

29. John II., surnamed the Good, King, 1350; •{• 1364.

30. Charles V., surnamed the Wise, Louis, Duke of Anjou, founder of the family of Philip the Bold, created Duke of Burgundy, King, 1364; 1380. the titular Kings of Naples. 1363; 1404. A f f 31. Charles VI., King, 1380; Louis, Duke of Orleans, assassinated in 1407, founder of the John, surnamed Dread-nought, Duke of Bur-

•j- 1422. branch of Valois-Orleans. ''See Table XIV.) gundy, assassinated on the bridge of Monte- reau, 1419. 32. Charles VII., surnamed the Vic- torious, King, 1422; 1461. Philip, surnamed the Good, Duke of Bur-

gundy, -j- 1467. 33. Louis XI. (X.) King, 1461 1483. ; f Charles, surnamed the Bold, Duke of Bur- 34. Charles VIII., King, 1483 •{• 1498. gundy, killed at Nancy, 1477. ; A Mary, only daughter and heiress of the states of Burgundy, married Maximilian ofAustria, 1477.

TABLE XIV.] Kings of France of the House of Valois-Orleans.

Louis, Duke of Orleans, son of Charles V., assassinated in 1407. (See Table XIII.)

. /

Charles, Duke of Orleans, -\- 1465. John, Count of Angouleme, 1467.

. A _ A 35. Louis XII. (XI.) Duke of Orleans, 1465; King, 1498; f 1515. Charles, Count of Angouleme, f 1496.

36. Francis I., Count of Angouleme, 1496 King, 1515 1547. ; ; f

37. Henry II., King, 1547; •{• 1559 ; married Catherine of Medicis.

38. Francis II., King, 1559 1560 ; mar- 39. Charles IX., King, 40. III., King of Poland, 1573 Francis, Duke of Alen on, ; -f- Henry ; s ried Stuart, Queen of Scotland. 1560 •{- 1574. assassinated in 1584. Mary ; King of France, 1574 ; -J- 1589. 14 GENEALOGICAL TABLES.

TABLE XV., No. 1.] Kings of France of the House of Bourbon.

Robert, Count of Clermont, youngest son of St. Louis, j- 1317. (See Table XII.) * 1 1

Louis, first Duke of Bourbon, -j- 1341.

Peter L, Duke of Bourbon, 1356; founder James I., Count of la , •{• 1361. A of the Dukes of Bourbon, and the Counts , ^ extinct 1527. I., of Montpensier ; John Count of la Marche, \ 1393. A

James II., Count of la Marche, •}• 1438. Louis, Count of Vendome, -\- 1446. John, Lord of Oa- A ( RENOY,aboutl458, John I., Count of Vendome, 1477. of the -f- founder A House of Ca- Francis, Count of Vendome, 1495. Louis, Prince of LaRocriE-suR-YoN, -J- 1530; rency ; extinct founder of the house of this name, and of 1515. Charles, first Duke of Vendome, 1537. the extinct 1608. -f- Dukes of Montpensier;

Antony, Duke of Vendome, King of Navarre, 1562. Louis I., Prince of Conde, 1569 A

41. Henry IV., King of France and Navarre, 1589 ; assassinated 14th May, 1610. Henri/ I., Prince of Conde, 156 A . A.

42. Louis XIII. (XII.) King of France and Navarre, 1610; f 14th May, 1 643. Henry II , Prince of Conde, -\- 1646

, A. _

of II., •{• 43. Louis XIV. (XIII.) King, 1643; Philip l, Duke Orleans, 1701 ; Louis Prince of Conde, 1686 Armand, Prince -J- 1st September, 1715. founder of the branch of founder of the branch of Conde. of Conti,fl66f), •J- Bour- A. bon Orleans. FOUNDER Of (he Louis, Dauphin, {• 1711. (See Table XV., No. 2.) branch of Conti. A Louis, Duke of Burgundy, Ar 1712. Philip V., King of Spain, 1701 A founder of the branches of Spain, 44. Louis XV. (XIV.) born 1710; King, the Two Sicilies, Parma, and Etru 1715; 10th May, 1774. ria. (See Table XVII.) -f- A.

Louis, Dauphin, horn 1729 ; 1765. A 47. 48. X., born 45. Louis XVI. (XV.) born 1754; guillotined Louis XVIII. (XVII.) born 1755 ; Charles 1757; 8'30. 21st January, 1793 ; married Maria-Anloinetta King, 1795 1824. King,1824;denosedJuly,1 of ; f Austria, guillotined 16th October, 1793. Louis, Charles, Duke of Duke of Angouleme, born 1775 ; Berry, bcrn

Maria- Theresa, born 1778 ; 46. Louis XVII. (XVI.) married Maria- Theresa, daughter of 1778; assassinated Febru

married Louts, Duke of born 1785 ; King, 1793; Louis XVI.; Dauphin, 1824.. ary,1820; mairied 1 816,71/a Angouleme. + 1795. ria- Caroline- Theresa,daugh- ter of the King of Naples.

Henry-Louis, Duke of Bour- deaux, born 1820.

[For Table XV., No. 2., Kings of the French of the House of Bourbon Orleans, see the end.]

TABLE XVI.] Kings of Spain of the House of Austria.

Maximilian I., of Castile, 1505 married Joanna the Simple, daughter of Ferdinand the Catholic and Isabella Philip I., son of the Emperor King ; \ 1506 ; of Castile, 1496.

I., called Charles the Fifth, born 1500 King of Spain, 1516 Emperor, 1519 abdicates, Ferdinand I., born 1503 ; founder Charles ; ; ;

1556 ; 1558 ; married Isabella, daughter of Emanuel, King of Portugal, 1526 ; 1539. of the German branch of Austria. A

II., born King of Spain, 1556 of Portugal, 1598. Charles, Archduke, 1590. Philip 1527; ; 1580; f + . . A . A I f

Philip III., born 1578 King of Spain and of Portugal, 1598 •{• 1621. Ferdinand II., Emperor, 1637. ; ; A N) ( Philip IV., Marianne, 1 III., 1657. Anna-Maria, born 1601 ; born 1605 ; King of Spain and of Portugal, 1621 ; hoxn 606; Ferdinund Emperor,

married Louis XIII., loses Portugal, 1640; 1665; married, 1 . Elizabeth, daugh- married Ferdinand ter of IV., ot 2. III., of the King of France, 1615. Henry King France, 1621 ; 1644; Mary- son Em- Anne, daughter of Ferdinand III., 1649. peror Ferdinand II., 1631. _ \ Leopold I., Emperor, \ 1705. Margaret - Theresa, Maria-Theresa, born 1638; horn Charles II., horn 1661 ; King married Louis XIV., King 1651; married Leopold L, of Spain, 1665; Ar November of France, 1660; founder Emperor, 1666. 1, 1700, without children. of the Kings of Spain of the

house of Bourbon. (See Joseph 1., Emperor, Charles, Archduke, declared King Table XVII.) + 1711. of Spain by the name of Charles III. 1703; Emperor, 1711; \ 1740. ; ; ;

GENEALOGICAL TABLES. 15

TABLE XVII.] Kings and Princes of Spain of the House of Bourbon.

son of Louis, Daupliin of France, and grandson of Louis XIV., (see Table XV.) born ; declared Philip V., 1683 King of Spain, 1700 ; abdicates, '15th January; re-ascends the throne 6th September, 1724; -f 1746; married, 1. Maria-Louisa of Savoy, 1701; 1714; 2. Elizabeth of Parma, 1714; -j-1766.

I., born Ferdinand VI., b. Maria-Anna- Vic- Chari.es III., born Philip, bom 1720 Louis, Louis ; born 1727; Maria- Antoinet-

1707 King, 1711; King, 1746, toria, betrothed 171C ; Duke of Duke of Parma Archbishop of To- ta, ; born 1729 ; •\- 17th January 1759 ; married to Louis XV., Parma and Pla- and Placentia, ledo and Cardinal 1785 mar- ; f ; of mar- centia, 31st August, Maria, daughter 1781; 1731; King 1748 ; 1765 resigns, 1754 ried Victor-Ama- •f-

Maria-Louisa, born Charles IV., bora 1748 ; Ferdinand IF. King Gabriel-Antonio-Francis-Xavier, bom 1752; Antonio- Pascal,\>om\7db 1745 1792 King of Spain, 1788; ab- of the Two Sicilies, •\- 1788; married Maria- P'ictoria, Princess of married Maria-Amelia, ; f ; married Leopold, dicates the crown, and born 1751. Beira, only daughter of Queen Mary I. of daughter of Charles IV., cedes the Spanish monar- Portugal, and King Pedro III., born 1768 1795 1798. grand Duke of ; ; f to the Emperor Na- married 1788. Tuscan)', 1765. chy 1784; -f- poleon, 1819 1808; f ;

married Louisa, daughter Pedro-Charles-Antonio, born 1786 ; educated from 1790 at the court of Lisbon of Philip Duke of Parma, married Maria-Theresa, daughter of John , 1810. 1765. A Charlotte-Joachima, Maria-Amelia, born Maria-Louisa, born Ferdinand VII., Prince of Charles, born Maria-Isabella Francis de

1775 mar- 1779 1798 1782 ; married Asturias, b. 1784 reigns 1788 ; mar- born 1789 Paula, born born ; ; f ; ; ; ried John, regent married Antonio- Louis, Prince of and resigns, 1808; re-esta- ried Maria, marriedFro«- 1794. uncle, in of Portugal, 1790. Pascal, her Parma, 1795 ; blished the Spanish mo- daughter of cis-Januarius, Queen Etruria, narchy, 1795. of 1813 ; married, 1. the Regent Prince of Si- 1801. Maria-Antoinetta, daugh- of Portugal, cily, 1802. ter ofFerdinand IV, King 1817. of Sicily, 1802; f 1806; 2. Isabella, daughter of the Regent of Portugal, 1817;

•}• 1818 ; 3. Maria-Ame- lia-Frederica, Princess of Saxony, 1819; 1829 f ; 4. A daughter of King of A son, born Naples, 1830. 1818.

TABLE XVIII.] Kings of Portugal of the House of Braganza.

21. John IV son of Theodoshts II., , and descendant of Alphonso^ natural son of John I., King* of Portugal, proclaimed King1 of Portugal the 1st Decemher, 1656 married Louisa de Sidonia, Regent, *j* 1666. 1640; f ; Guzman, daughter of the Duke of Medina 1632; 1656;

22. Alphonso VI., born 1643; King, resigns, King, 1683 1706 married, 1. 1656; 1667 ; 23. Pedro II., born 1648 ; Regent, 1667 ; ; ; Maria-

•\r 1683 ; married Maria-Frances-Elizabeth, Princess Frances-Elizabeth, the wife his brother, 2. of divorced of 1668 ; -f 1683; Maria- Nemours, 1666 divorced, 1668. Sophia-Elizabeth, Princess Palatine, 1699. ; 1687; -f-

24. John V., born 1689; King, 1706; 1750; married Marianna-Josephina-Antoinetta, daughter of Emperor Leopold I., 1708; •{• 1754.

25. Joseph I., bom 1714; King, 1750; 1777; married 26. Pedro III., born 1717; titular King, 1777 married Maria, daughter \ ; -f-1786; Marianna-Victoria, daughter of Philip V., King of Spain, of his brother King Joseph I., 1760 ; Queen of Portugal, 1777. 1732; f 1781.

1 i . .

26. Maria I., born 1734; Queen, Maria - Frances, born Joseph, Prince of Brazil, 27. John, Prince of Brazil, born Maria- Fictoria,\>oxn

1 1777; married her uncle Pedro 1746; married Joseph, born 1761 1788 1767; 1826; Regent, 1799; re- 788 ; married Ga- ; f ; f

III., younger son of King John Prince of Brazil, 1777; married Maria- Frances, tires to Brazil, 1808 ; King, 1816; briel-Antonio, In- 1817. Charlotte - Joachima, fant V., 1760; f •f 1788, his aunt, 1777. married of Spain, daughter of Charles IV., King of 1784. (See Table Spain, 1790. XVII.)

Isabella- 1 Frances, Maria- Theresa,born Maria- Pedro-Antonio, born 798 ; Maria- Isabella-Maria, Miguel, Marianne,

1793 ; married Frances, declared Constable of born 1800. born 1801. born 1802. bom 1805.

Pedro- Charles-An- born 1797. Brazil, 1807 ; Emperor of

tonio, Infant of Brazil, 1822 ; married Spain, 1810. daughter of Ferdinand VII. A 28. Maria da Gloria, b. 1819 Queen of Portugal, 1826. 16 GENEALOGICAL TABLES.

TABLE XIX.] Anglo-Saxon and Danish Kings of England.

1. Egbert, surnamed the Great, first King of all England, 827 ; + 836. A , v

2. Ethelwolf, King, 836 ; + 857. A . . called 3. Ethelbald, King, 857 ; + 860. 4. Ethelbekt, King, 860 ; + 866. 5. Ethelred I., King, 866 ; +871. 6. Alfred, the Great,

King, 871 ; + 901. A , , 7. Edward, called the Ancient,

King, 901 ; + 925.

8. Athelstan, King, 925 ; + 941. 9. Edmund I., King, 941 ; + 946. 10. Edred, King, 946 ; + 955. A

11. Edwy, King, 955; + 957. 12. Edgar, called the Pacific, King, 957 ; + 975.

.a , re-established, 13. Edward II., surnamed the Martyr, King, 975 ; assassinated, 978. 14 and 16. Ethelred II., King, 978; deposed, 1013;

1014 ; + 1016.

17. Edmund II., surnamed Ironside, King, 1016; 1017. 21. Edward III., surnamed the Confessor, King, 1042; + 1066. A * * Edward, + 1057. Harold Blaatand, King of Denmark.

-A , A f

Edgar Alheling. 15. Sweno, King of England and of Denmark, 1013 ; + 1014. * * * A Godwin, Count of Kent, + 1053. 18. Canute, called the Great, King of England and of Denmark, A 1017; + 1036.

22. Harold II., King of England, 1066 ; defeated and killed by William the Conqueror, 1066. 19. Harold I., King of 20. Hardiknute, King of England

England, 1036; +1039. and of Denmark, 1039 ; +1041.

TABLE XX.] Kings of England of the Norman Race.

1. William I., surnamed the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England, 1066; + 1087.

2. William II., surnamed Rufus. King, 1087; + 1109. 3. Henry I., surnamed Beaucleuc, King, 1109 ; Adelaide, 1137; married + 1135. Stephen, Count of Blois.

, A . A Matilda, declared Heiress of the throne, 1127; 4. Stephen, King, 1135; +1154. + 1186; married, 1. Henry V., Emperor of Germany, + 1125; 2. Geofrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, 1127; founder of the house of Plan- tagenet.

(See Table XXI.)

IV ; ;;

GENEALOGICAL TABLES 17

TABLE XXL] Kings of England of the House of Plantagenet.

declared Heiress of the throne of England, 1127; 1167 ; married Geoffrey, surnamed Plantagenet, Matilda, daughter of King Henry I., (see Table XX.) -f- Count of Anjou; -\- 1151.

1189 married Eleanor of Poitou, divorced hy Louis VII. and Heiress of Poitou and Gascony, 1152. 5. Henry II., King, 1154; f , a ;

called Lack-Land, King, 1199 •{• 1216. 6, Richard I., called Cckur de Lion, King, 1189; 1199. 7. John, ;

III., King, 1216 1272. Richard, elected Emperor of Germany, 1257 ; 1272. Henry ; f A the King, 1272 -\- 1307. Edmund, called Humpbacked, Earl of Lancaster, 9. Edward I., surnamed Longshanks, ;

A. , pret. eldest son, -\- 1296. 1307 1327; married Isabella, daughter 10. Edward II., King, ; f of Philip the Fair, King of France. Henry, Earl of Lancaster, f 1345. ,a

III., King, J327 1377. Henry, surnamed Grismond, Earl of Lancaster, 1361. 11. Edward ; f A , _ of Lancaster, 1399 Edmund,T)\ike Blanche, first Heiress Edward the Black, William Lionel, , Duke \ ; , , • married Blanche, first Heiress of the rights of York, f of the rights of Lan- 1402. caster, -j- 1369; mar- f 1376. •j- 1368. of Lancaster. A . A . ried John of Gaunt, third of 12. Richard II. King, Philippa of Clarence, 13. Henry IV., John Beaufort, na- Richard, Earl of Cambridge, son Edward married Edmund King, 1399 tural son, adopted •j- 1415; married Anne Morti- III., founder of the 1377; deposed 1399; ; f mer, first Heiress of the rights Red Rose. \ 1400. , 1368. 1413. f 1410. A A of Lionel, Duke of Clarence. , ^ A Roger Mortimer^ de- 14. Henry V., King, John Beaufort, Duke ( ( married Somerset, -j-1444. Richard, , Pro- clared Heir to the 1413, f 1422 ; of crown, 1399. Catharine France, tector, 1455 1460. 1385; f of ; + daughter of Charles VI. A 1 , v

Anne Mortimer, first 15. Henry VI., King Margaret Beaufort, 16. Edward IV., 1 8 . Richard III.,King, 1 483

Heiress of the rights of England and •j* 1509, second Heir- King, 1461, and killed at the battle of Bos-

; killed of the rights of 1483. worth, 1485. of Lionel ; married France, 1422 ess 1472; f Richard, Earl of 1472. Lancaster ; married Cambridge, son of Edmund Tudor, 17. Edward V., Elizabeth, second Heiress of Edmund Duke of Earl of Richmond, King, 1483; killed the rights of Lionel, Duke

York, and grandson FouNDERofthe house 1483. of Clarence ; married Henry of King Edward III., of Tudor. (See Ta- VII.,KingofEngland. (See FOUNDER of the ble XXII.) Table XXII.) White Rose.

TABLE XXII.] Kings of England of the House of Tudor.

Margaret Beaufort, second Heiress of the rights of Lancaster, or of the Red Rose, (see XXI.) 1509 ; married Edmund Tudor, Earl Table -f- of Richmond, son of and of Queen Catharine of Valois, widow of King Henry V.

. ,_ , A VII., 19. Henry surnamed Tudor, King, after the victory of Bosworth, 1485 ; 1509 ; married Elizabeth, daughter of King Edward IV., second Heiress of the rights of York, or of the White Rose, I486. (See Table XXI.)

, A , .

Arthur, Prince of 3Iargaret,bovn\A89 ; mar- 20. Henry VIII., born 1495; King, 1509; 1547; Mary, born 1498; 1533 f f ; Wales, •{• 1502; mar- ried James IV. (Stuart) married, 1. Catharine of Arragon, daughter of married, 1. Louis XII, King

ried Catharine of King of Scotland, foun- Ferdinand the Catholic, and widow of his brother, of France, 1514; •{• 1515; 2. Arragon. der of the house of 1509; divorced, 1533; 2. Anne Boleyn, 1533; Charles Brandon, Duke of Stuart. beheaded, 1536; 3. Jane Seymour, 1536; in Suffolk, 1517. (See Table XXIII.) child-birth, 1537. A 1 — ,

Prances Brandon, •}- 1563 married 22. Mary, born 1516 ; ; Queen, 1553 ; 23. Elizabeth, born 1533; 21. Edward VI., bom 1537 Henry Grey, Marquis of Dorset, •}• 1558 ; married Philip II, King of Queen, 1558; 1603. King, 1547; 1553. f Duke of Suffolk, beheaded 1554. Spain, 1554. A , Jane Grey, born 1537; proclaimed

Queen, 1553 ; beheaded, 1554; married, 1553, Guilford Dudley, son of John, Duke of Northumberland beheaded, 1554.

D ;

13 GENEALOGICAL TABLES.

TABLE XXIII.] Kings of Great Britain of the House of Stuart.

(see XXII.) • Margaret Tudor, eldest daughter of King Henry VII., Table «f- 1539 ; married James IF., King of Scotland, of the house of Stuart, 1 5 03 •j- 1513. A ;

James V., married, 1. Magdalen, daughter of Francis I., 2. King of Scotland, 1542; King of France, 1536; + 1537 ; Mary of Lorraine, daughter of Claud, Duke of Guise, 1538 1560. ; f

Mary Stuart, born 1542 Queen of Scotland, 1542 ; of France, 1559 ; beheaded at London, 15S7 married, 1. Francis II., King of France, ; ; 1559 ; -\- 1560; 2. Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, 1564 assassinated, 1567. ; -A , 2

24. James I. (VI.) born 1566 King of Scotland, 1567 of England, 1603 ; takes the title of King of Great Britain, 1625 ; ; 1604 ; -J- ; married , -|- 1619. -

i . , A

Elizabeth, I., born 1596 ; 1661 ; mar- 25. Charles born 1609; King of Great Britain, 1625; beheaded 30th January, 1649, old ; married ried Frederic Palatine. Henrietta-Maria, of IV., King of France, 1625 •{• 1669. F., Elector daughter Henry ;

, - A . \ . , Sophia, II., 27. James II., born 1630; declared Heiress 26. Charles born 1630; Mary, born 1631 ; bom 1633; Henrietta-Maria, born

to the throne of England, 1701 King of Great Britain, pro- 1661 ; married King, 1685; dethroned, 1644; 1670; ; f mar- 18th June, 1714 married Er- claimed 18th May, 1660 William II., Prince 1689 1701 married, ried Philip I., ; ; j f ; Duke nest-Augustus, first 1685 married Catharine, of Orange, 1641. 1. Anne Hyde, of Orleans, Elector of Ha- ; 1660; f 1661, 2. nover, 1658 ; founder of the daughter of John IV., King 1671 ; Mary of Mo- house of Hanover. of Portugal. dena, 1673. (See Table XXIV.) A 28. William III., Prince of 28. Mary, born 1662, 29. Anne, born Orange, born 1650 pro- James- ; proclaimed Queen 1665 Queen, Edward- claimed King of Great Bri- ; with her husband, 1702 12th tain ; Francis, with his consort, 1689 ; 1689; 1695 August, 1714; Pretender, •}• f ; 1702 ; married Mary, mar. William III., married George, daughter of King James II., Prince of Orange, Pr. of Denmark, 1677 1695. ; f 1677; •}• 1702. 1683; f 1708.

TABLE XXIV.] Kings of Great Britain of the House of Hanover.

Sophia, daughter of Frederic V., Elector Palatine, and of Elizabeth of England, (see Table XXIII.) born 1630 ; declared Heiress to the throne of England* married Ernest-Augustus, first Elector of Hanover, 1698. 1701; \ 18th June, 1714; 1658; «f- A ^ Elector, King of Great Britain, 1714 married Sophia-Dorothea, Princess of Brunswick-Zeli, 1658; 1726. 30. George I., born 1660; 1698; ; •f-1727; -J*

A* —_ , f ^ married Wilhelmina-Dorothea- Charlotte, Princess of Brandeuburg-Anspach, 1705 1737. 31. George II., born 1683; King, 1727; \ 1760; ; \ A .

Wales, 1727 -\- married William-Augustus, , Frederick- Lewis, born 1707; Prince of ; 1751; born 1721 1765. Augusta, Princess of Saxe-Gotha, 1736 ; 1772. ; \ A Henry, , Henry- Frederick, Duke of Cum- Augusta - Frederica, born 1737; 32. George III., born 1738 ; William- married berland, born 1790; married Charles- William- King, 1760; 1820; mar- born 1743; 1805; 1746; -f- tl808; f -f- erdinand, hereditary Prince of ried Sophia-Charlotte, Prin- Mary, daughter of Edward Wal- married Anne, daughter of 1807. Simon Luttrell, Earl of Car- Brunswick, 1764; reigning Duke, cess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, pole, 1766 ; + hampton, 1771 1787. 1780: -b 1806. 1761; •{• 1818. ; f

Sophia-Matilda, born William- Frederick,Duke of Glou- 1773. cester, born 1776; married Mary, daughter of George III., 1816.

33. George Frederic, D. 34 William Charlotte- Edward - Augusta- Elizabeth Ernest- Au- Augustus- Adolphus - Mary, b. Sophia, Amelia, - Augustus,T). Frederick, Frederick, 1776; m. b.1777. b.1783, IV. b. 1762; of Y"ork,born IV.(William Augusta Sophia, b. 1770 ; gustus,Duke King, 1763 Henry Duke Matilda, ofKent,born b. 1768. married of Cumber- DukeofSus- D. of Cam- the Duke 1811 1820; ; \ f Augustus- land, born sex, b. 1773; bridge, born of Glou- June 26, 1827 ; mar- of Clarence) b. 1766; 1767; -f- + married mar- cester, 1830;m.Ca- ried Frede- born 1765 1828; 1820 ; mar- Frederick, 1771; mar- La- 1774; ; f roline- Ame- rica^ daugh- mar .Amelia, married ried Fictoria Prince of ried Frede- dy Augusta riedCaroline 1816. - - - lia, Princess ter of Frede- daughter of Frederick Princess of Hesse rica Caro Murray, Princess of of Bruns- ric William the Duke of Duke of Saxe - Co - Homburg line-Sophia, 1793. (The Hesse-Cas- wick - Wol- II., King Saxe - Mein- Wirtem - bourg,1818. 1818. daughter of marriage an- sel, 1818. fenbuttel, of Prussia, ingen, 1818; berg 1797, the Duke of nulled.) Mecklen- 1795; \ 1791; -\ King, 1830. King of 1821. 1820. Wirtem - burg- Stre - 20. bergl806. litz, and Vf. widow of the Pr.of Salms, 1815. X Charlotte- Ca- Alexandrina- George- George- Matilda- George- Augusta- roline.b.1796 Fictoria, bom Frederick, Augustus, Charlotte, William, Caroline, fNov.6,1817, 24th May, 1819. born 1819. b. 1794. b. 1801. b. 1819. b. 1822. mar.l SI 6, Leo- pold - George, b. 1790, Pr. of Saxe-Cobourg. ;

GENEALOGICAL TABLES. 13

TABLE XXV.] Czars and Emperors of Russia of the .

Romanov, elected Czar, 1645. 55. Michael Fedorovitch 1613; -f-

A. , 56. Alexis Michaelovitch, Czar, 1645 1676. a •f-

58. Ivan V. 58. Peter I. Alexievitch, called the Great, born 57. Feodor Alexie- 53. Sophia, Co-regent 1672 ; Czar, Alexievitch, 1682; takes the reins of government alone, vitch, Czar, 1676; and Autocrat, 1686 ; 1689; Emperor of

•}• proclaimed Czar Russia, 1721 ; 1725 ; married, 1. Eudocia Fedorovna Lapouchin, -\- 1682. imprisoned, 1689 ;

1696. divorced 1696 ; Ar 1731 2. 59. I. 1704. 1682; f ; Catharine Alexievna, A_ , crowned Empress, 1724; succeeds her husband, 1725 1727. A ; Catharine Ivanovna, 4- 1733; mar- 61. Anne Ivanovna, born 1693; ried Charles-Leopold, Duke of elected Empress of Russia, 1730; Alexis Petrovitch, born 1690; Anne Petrovna 63. Elizabeth Mecklenburgh, 1716. •{1740; married Frederic-William, 1718 ; married Charlotte, born 1708; •}• Petrovna, a Duke of Courland, 1710; 1711. •f* b. ( Princess of Brunswick-Blanck- 1728. 1709 Empress Catharine-Christina, takes the name ; enburgh, 1711^; f 1715. of Russia by the of Anne, 1 732 grand Duchess and ; (See Table dep. of Ivan VI. Regent, 1740; exiled and impri- 60. Peter II. Alexievitch, XXVI.) 5th December, 1746 married soned, 1741 ; \ ; born 1715; Emperor of Rus- 1741; 5thJa- Antony- U/ric, Prince of Brunswick, f sia, 1727; 1730. nuary, 1762. 1739; \ 1775. f A __ 62. Ivan VI. Antonovitch, born

23d August, 1 740 ; proclaimed

Emperor, 18th October, 1740 ; ex- iled with his mother, 1741; -\- 1764.

TABLE XXVI.] Emperors of Russia of the House of , or of -Gottorp.

I., Charles-Frederic, Anne Petrovna, daughter of Peter the Great and of Catharine (see Table XXV.) born 1708 ; -\ 1728 ; married Duke of Holstein

Gottorp, 1725 ; 4- 1739.

. A , 64. III. declared 5th January, 1762 dethroned, 9th Peter Fedorovitch, born 1728; grand Duke and Heir to the throne, 1742 ; Emperor, ; July ; •fl4th July, 1762; married

65. Catharine II. Alexievna, Princess of Anhalt-Zerbst, born 1729 proclaimed Empress of Russia, 9th July, 1762 ; •} 17th November, 1796. ; A , ,

66. Paul Petrovitch, born 1754 ; Emperor of Russia, 17th November, 1796 ; 24th March, 1801 ; married, 1. Natalia Alexievna, Princess of Hesse- Darmstadt, 1773; f 1776; 2. Mary Fedorovna, Princess of Wirtemberg-Montbeliard, born 1759. _a_ 2 67. Alexander Paulovitch, Constantine Paulo- Mary Paulovna, Catharine Pau- AnnaPaulovna, 68. Nicholas Michael born 23d December, 1777; Em- vitch, born 8th May, born 1786, mar- lovna, b. 1788; b. 1795; mar. Paulovitch, b. Paulovitch, peror of Russia, 1801 ; •[•1825; 1779 ; married Anne ried Charles- •j. 1819; mar- 1816, Wil- 1796;mar.l817, born 1798. married Elizabeth Alexievna, Fedorovna, Princess Frederick, here- ried, 1. George, liam, Prince AlexandraFedo- daughter of Charles-Lewis, of Saxe - Cobourg, ditary Prince of (Peter-Frederic) of Orange,son rovna, daughter hereditary Prince of Baden, bom 1781. Saxe - Weimar, Prince of Hol- of the King of Frederic Wil- born 1779; f 1826. 1805. stein-Oldenburg of the Nether- liam III., King 1809; 2. 1816, lands, of Prussia, born Elizabeth, born 1 15th November, William, King 798 ; Emperor, 1806; 1808. of Wirtemberg. 1825. f A Alexander, Constantine, born 1818. bom 1827. ; ; ; ;

20 GENEALOGICAL TABLES.

TABLE XXVII.] Kings of Prussia of the Electoral House of Brandenburg.

Frederick I., son of the Elector Frederick-William, born 1G57 ; Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia, 1688 ; first King of Prussia crowned 18th January, 1701 -\- 25th February, 1713 married, 2. ; ; Sophia-Charlotte, Princess of Brunswick-Lunenburg, 1684 1705. ; f

Frederick-William I., born 1688; King of Prussia and Elector of Brandenburg, 1713; 21st:May, 1 740 married ; f ; Sophia-Dorothea, daughter of George-Lewis, Elector of Hanover, 1706 1757. ; -f

Frederick II., surnamed the Great, Augustus - William, Prince Hennj, Prince of Prussia, Ferdinand, Prince of Prussia, born born 24th Prussia, January, 1712; King of Royal of born 1722, born 1726; \ 1802 at 1730; married Anne - Elizabeth- Prussia and Eleclor, 17th •j- married Louisa- 1740; f 1758; Rhinesburg ; married Wil- Louisa, daughter of Frederick-Wil- August, 1786; married E/izabcth- Amelia, Princess of Bruns- helmina, Princess of Hesse- liam, Margrave of Brandenburg- 4- Christina, Princess of Brunswick-Lu- wick-Lunenburg, 1 742 ; Cassel, 1752. Schwedt, 1755. nenburg, 1733; 1797. 1780. f A ( II., - - - - Frederick-William born 25th Septem- Frederiea Sophia Frederick Chris Frederick- William- Frederiea - Louisa - ber, 1744; Prince Royal, 1758; King of Wilhelnuna, born tian-Lcwis, born Henrij - Augustus, Dorothea, born

Prussia and Elector, 1786 ; 16th Novem- 1751 ; mar. Wil- 1772 ; killed 10th born 1779. 1770 ; married An- ber, 1797 married, 1. Elizabeth-Christina- liam V., Prince of ; October, 1806. tomj, Prince Rad- Ulrica, Princess of Brunswick-Wolfenbiittel, Orange, and Stadt- zivil, 1796.

1765; separated, 1769 ; 2. Freda tea- Louisa, holdcr, 1767. daughter of Lewis IX., Landgrave of Hesse- Darmstadt, 1805. 1769; -f-

Frederiea - Char- Frederick -Willi am Lewis, Prince of Frederiea- Louisa Frederiea - Chris- Frederick - Charles- Frederick - Wil- - - lotte Ulrica III., born 3d August, Prussia, born 17 73, born 1774 : mar- tina-Augusta, b. Henry, bom 1781 liam-Charles, b. - Elronora, born 1770 ; Prince Royal, •{ 1796 ; married ried William 1 780 ; married married Louis i- 1783 ; married

1767 ; married 1786 Frederiea, daugh- Frederick of ; King and William, Prince Charlotte, daugh- Marianne, Prin- Fredericli, Duke Elector, 1797 ; mar- ter ofCy«!'Ye.v,Duke Nassau-Orange, of Hesse-Cassel, ter of Frederick, cess of Hesse- of York, 1791 ried Louisa, daugh- of Mecklenburg- Prince of Fulda, 1797. hereditary Prince Homhurg,1804. + 1820. ter of Charles, Duke Strelitz, 1793. 1791. of Denmark, 1804. of Mecklenburg-Stre- Caroline- Amelia- litz, Frederiea, 1793 ; + 1810. Frederick-William- Wilhelmina, b. Lewis, born 1794. born 1 796. 1805.

Frederick - William, Frederick- II iiliam- Frederiea - Louisa- Char- Frederick - Charles- Frederica- Louisa- Augusta- Frederick -

Prince Royal, born Lewis, born 22nd lotte, born 1798 ; mar- Alexander, born Wilhelmina, Wilhelmina, Henry -Albert, 15th Oct. 1795. March, 1797. ried Nicholas Paulo- 29th June, 1801. born 1803. bom 1808. born 1809. vitch, son of Paul, Emperor of Russia, 1817.

TABLE XXVIII.] Dukes of Brunswick-Lunenburg, and Electors of Hanover.

Ernest, called the Confessor, born 1535 of married Dorothea, William, youngest son of ; Duke Lunenburg-Zell, 1569; \ 1592; daughter of Christian III., King of Denmark, 1561.

1 Ernest, born 1564 ; Duke Christian, born 1566 Bishop Augustus, called the eldest, born Frederic, born 5 74 George, born 1582 ; Duke ;

of Lunenburg-Zell, 1592; of Minden, 1599; Duke of 1568 ; Bishop of Razeberg, Duke of Lunen- of Lunenburg-Calenberg,

1611. Lunenburg-Zell, 1611; 1610 ; Duke of Lunenburg- burg-Zell, 1636; 1636 •{- 1641. \ \ ; 1633. Zell, 1633; \ 1636. 1648. •f- i

Christian-Lewis, born George-William, born John-Frederic, born Ernest-Augustus, born 1629 ; Bishop of Osnabruck, 1661

1622 ; Duke of Lunen- 1624 ; Duke of Lunen- 1625; Duke of Lu- Duke of Lunenburg-Calenberg, 1679 ; first Elector of his burg-Calenberg, 1641; burg-Zell, 1648; f nenburg - Calenberg, house, 1692; •j-1698; married Sophia, daughter of Frederick V., of Zell, 1648; 170o. 1665 1679. Elector Palatine, and Elizabeth of England, declared heir to the Duke ; f throne of Great Britain, 1701 1714. \ 1665. ; f

George-Lewis (George I.) born 1660; Elector of Hanover, 1698; inherits the Duchy of Lunenburg-Zell, 1705; King of Great Britain in right of his mother, 1714. (See Table XXIV.) ; ; ; ,

21

TABLE XXIX.] Sovereign Princes op Milan of the House of Visconti, from Otho III. to Barnabas Visconti, 1261—1385.

Eliprand, Viscount of Milan, \ 1065 ; married Beatrice, daughter of Marquis Azo.

, A , ( Otho Viscount of Milan, 1111; married Lucretia, daughter of Count Hugues.

, _ A

Guy, Count, called discount or Visconti of Milan about 1 142 ; married Alice of Geneva. Azo, called Viscount of Milan, 1138.

. A Otho II. Visconti, Consul of Milan, 1162; married Aldegard, daughter of Marquis Anselm. Roger Visconti, Consul of Milan.

A ,

Hubert Visconti, Consul of Milan, 1206 ; married Anastatia de Pirovane. Eliprand, Bishop of Verceil, 1208 1213. Visconti. ; f John

, A , _A I. Otho III. Visconti, Arch- Andreotto Visconti, Prince of Azo Visconti, Hubert Visconti, Bishop of Hubert Visconti.

bishop of Milan, 1261 ; sove- Massino, married Fiorina, Ventimille, 1265. reign Prince of Milan, 1271; daughter of Ruffino Man- 4th April, 1295. delli. f A Thibald Visconti, General to the Gaspard Peter Visconti, founder of the Thibald Visconti, bora 1210; Visconti, Prsetor Archbishop Otho, his uncle Visconti. House of the Viscontis of Al- elected Pope by the name of of Rome. killed, 1274; married Anasta- bizato, Gropello, and Brema Gregory X., 1271 1276. ; f tia Pirovane. Count of Arona andCarbonara.

, A

2. Mathew I. Visconti, called the Great, born Agnes Visconti, Hubert Visconti, founder Beatrice Visconti, John Visconti, 12-50 ; imperial Vicar, and sovereign Prince of married./o/«rc //., of the House of the Vis- married Odoardo, Cardinal of St.

Milan, 1284 24th June, 1322 ; married Bona- Count of Saint counts Rozano, ; f of Va- Lord of Pirovane. Sabina, 1275; cosa, daughter of Squerino Burri, 1269 ; about Martin. jano, and S. Alessandro. 1278. •f- 1321. A , 3. GaleasI.Visconti, Mark Catharine, Sacharina, 5. LuchinoVis- 6. John Viscon- Florimonda, Stephen Vis- sovereign Prince of Visconti, mar. Bar- mar. Otto- conti, sove- ti, Cardinal, mar. Guy conti, j- 1327; Milan, bom 1277 general tholomew ; rin- Rusca, reign Prince of 1328 ; Arch- Mandelli. married Va- 1328; mar. Bea- killed de la Scala, Lord of Co- Milan, •f 1339 ; bishop of Mi- lentino Doria, trice Esle, of daugh- 1321. Lord ofVe- mo, 1301. ; mar- lan, ; •f- 1349 1334 so- 1318. ter of Azo, Margrave rona. ried Isabella vereign Prince of Ferrara, 1301; Fiesca. of'Milan, 1349, 1334. •f f 1354.

4. Azo Visconti, so- Mathew II. Visconti, sovereign 8. Galeas II. Visconti, sovereign Prince of 9. Barnabas Visconti, sovereign vereign Prince of Prince of Milan, 1354; 1356, Milan with his brother Barnabas, 1356 f ; Prince of Milan with his brother Milan, born 1302; without male issue ; married f 1378 ; married Blanche of Savoy, daugh- Galeas II. 1356 poisoned 1385 1339, without ; legiti- Liliola Gonzagua, daughter of ter of Aymon, Count of Savoy, 1350, 4- 1387. married Beatrice de la Scala. mate children mar- ; Philip, Margrave of Mantua. (See Table XXX.) daughter of Mastino, Lord of ried Catharine of Verona, mother of fifteen chil- Savoy, daughter of dren. Lewis II. of Savoy, deVaud, 1333.

Mark Visconti, 1382. Lewis, born f 1358 ; Lord of Lodi, Rodolph,liord ofBergamo, 1385. Charles, Lord of Parma, married, j- 1385 mar. ; Jolanthe, daughter 1. Margaret, daughter of Peter, Virida, married Leopold III., Duke of Galeas II. Agnes, 1397 ; married Francis King of ; 2. Beatrice, of Austria, 1365. Gonzagua, Marquis of Mantua. daughter of John II., Count of

Thaddea, 1381 ; married Ste- Armagnac. Anglesia, betrothed to Frederic, phen, Duke of Bavaria, Antoinetta, 1364. 1405 ; married Ever- Burg-grave of Nuremburg. hard III., Count of Wurtemberg. Mastino Visconti, Lord of Bresse, Valeniina, '\ 1393; married Peter married Antoinetta de la Scala. Magdalen, -\- 1404 married ; Fre- II., King of Cyprus, 1378. Lucy Visconti, -j- 1424; married deric, , Duke of Bavaria, 1382. Edmund Holland, Earl of Kent, Catharine, 1404; married John Elizabeth, married Ernest, Duke 1432. Galeas, Duke of Milan, 1380. of Bavaria, 1393. ;

22 GENEALOGICAL TABLES

TABLE XXX.] Dukes of Milan of the Houses of Visconti and Sforza, from John Galeas, first Duke of Milan, to their Extinction, 1385— 1535,

Galeas II. Visconti, younger son of Stephen Visconti, -\- 1378. (See Table XXIX.)

. . 10. John Gai.eas Visconti, born 1347 sovereign Prince of Milan, ; Jolanthe Fiseonti, -\- 1382; married, I, Lionel, Duke of Cla-

1378 and 1385 ; created Duke of Milan by the Emperor Wenceslaus, rence, 4- 1368 ; the same year; 2. Ot/w, Margrave of Mont- 4- married, 1. Isabella, of II., 1395 ; 1402 ; daughter John King of ferrat ; 3. Lewis Fiseonti, Lord of Lodi. France, 1365; •{• 1372; 2. Catharine, daughter of Barnabas Visconti, 1380; f 15th October, 1404.

Falenlina Milan, born 1368 Isabella Milan, mar- 11. of ; of John Maria Anglus, born!3S8 12. Philip Maria Anglus, born 1392; 1408; married Louis, Duke ried Gentil Farani, Lord Duke of Milan, 1402; assassinated, Duke of Milan, 1412; 4- 1447; mar- of Orleans, 1389; \ 1407. of Camerino. 1412, without children; married ried, 1. Beatrice of Tende, 1412; be- Antoinetta Malalesta, daughter of headed, 1418; 2. Mary, daughter of Sigismond, Lord of Rimini, 1408. Amadeus VII., Duke of Savoy, 1427; 3. Agnes de Maino. A

Charles, of b. claim Duke Orleans, 1391 ; lays Bianca Maria, natural daughter, born 1425; 1468; married, to the Duchy of Milan, 1447; 1465. 13. Francis I. Sforza, Duke of Milan, 1450 8th March, f ; -f 1466.

Louis XII., King of 14. France, Galeas Maria Sforza, born 1444 ; Duke of Milan, 17. Ludovico Maria Sforza, called the Moor, bom 1451;

born 1462 ; takes possession 1466; assassinated, 1476 ; married, 1. Dorothea Gun- appointed Duke of Milan by the Emperor, 1494 ; deposed of the Duchy of Milan, 1500; zagua, daughter of Lewis, Margrave of Mantua, 1 466 by Louis XII., and carried prisoner info France, ; 1500 ; •{• 1515. *{• 1468 2. Bonne Savoy, daughter of Louis, ; of Duke •f 1508; married Beatrice of Este, daughter of Hercules of Savoy, 1468; + 1485. I., Duke of Ferrara, 1491 1497. ; f . a . , 18. , born 19. Francis II. Sforza, born 1493; 15. John Galeas Sforza, born 1469; Duke of Milan, 1476; 1491; Duke of Milan, restored re-established in the duchy of Milan, »j- 1494 ; married Isabella, daughter of Alphonso II., King of by the Swiss, 1512; again de- 1521 and 1529; 1535, without chil- Naples, 1489; f 1524. .f- posed by the French, 1515; at dren ; married Christina, daughter S\ -J- of , Paris, 1530. Christian II., King of Denmark, 1534; 16. Francis Sforza, b. 1490 deposed by his great uncle Ludovico, ; 1590. called the Moor, carried into France, Abbe of Noirmontier, 1504; 1512.

TABLE XXXI.] Dukes of Modena and Ferrara of the .

Nicholas, Margrave of Este and Ferrara, Lord of Modena, of Reggio, &c, 1441.

— . a

1. Borso Este, created Duke of Modena by the Emperor Frederic III., 2. Hercules I., Duke of Modena and Ferrara, 1471 -\< 1505 ok 1452; ; ; married and Duke of Ferrara by Pope Paul II., 1470 1471. Elconora, daughter of Ferdinand, King of Naples, 1473. ; f

Ferrara, -\- 1 . 2. 3. Alphonso I., Duke of Modena and 1505 ; 534 ; married, 1 , of Milan ; Lucretia Hippolyto of Este, Cardinal, Borgia, daughter of Pope Alexander VI., 1501 1520; 3. Laura, daughter of a citizen of Ferrara. 1493 -\- 1520. ; \ ;

4. II , of Modena and Ferrara, 1534 •{• Este, Margrave of Hercules Duke ; 1558 ; married Rente, daughter Alphonso of Montecchio. of King Louis XII., 1528. - A 1^ ( the 5. Alphonso II., Duke of Modena and Anne, born 1531 ; married, 1. Francis of 6. Cesar ok Este, Duke of Modena, on death of

Ferrara, 1558; -j- 1597, without issue. Lorraine, Duke of Guise, 1548; 2. Duke Alphonso II., his cousin, 1597 ; deprived of the James of Savoy, , by the Pope, who re-unites it to the

•(* married Virginia, daugh- 1566. domain of the church ; 1628; ter of Cosmo I., grand Duke of Tuscany, 1586.

7. III., -\- ; married Isabella Savoy. Alphonso Duke of Modena, 1628 ; resigns and becomes monk, 1629 ; 1644 of

A . —. ^

: 1. 2. Fictoria Farnese, sister of 8. Francis I., Duke of Modena, 1629 1658 ; married, Maria Farnese, daughter of Rainuce, Duke of Parma, 1646 ; Maria, 1648; •{- 1649; 3. Lucretia Barberini, daughter of the Prince of Palestrine, 1654.

of Modena, 11. Cardinal, of on the death of Duke Francis II., 1694; 9. Alphonso IV., Duke 1658; -f- 1662; married Renaud, 1686; Duke Modena Laura Martinozzi. 1737; married Charlotte Felicite, daughter of John Frederic, Duke of Hanover, 1696. A •f- 10. Francis II., Duke of Maria-Beatrice-Eleonora, born 12. Francis III. Maria, Duke of Modena, Henrietta of Este, born 1702; married,

Modena, 1662; 1694, 1658 ; married James, Duke 1737; 1780; married Charlotte, daugh- 1. Antony-Francis, Duke of Parma, + *f- without issue. of York, 1673. ter of Philip II., Duke of Orleans, 1720. 1728; 2. Leopold, Prince of Darm- stadt, 1740. I

13. III. Felicite', Fortuna-Maria, married Hercules Renaud, born 1727; Duke of Modena, 1780; loses his Maria-Theresa- 1754; -f- 1803; duchy by the peace of Luneville, 1803 Louis-Francis-Joseph, Prince of 1801 ; -J- ; married Maria-Theresa married Joseph-Maximilian, Duke •{> Conti, Cwo Malaspina, Heiress of Massa and Carrara, 1741 ; 1790. of Penthievre, 1744; +1791. 1750.

Maria-Beatrice, Heiress of Modena, Massa, and Carrara, born 1750; married Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria; 1771, Duke of Modena Brisgau, by the

-j- 1806. cession of his father- in-law, 1803 ;

Theresa, born Leopoldine, Francis, Louisa, born 1 787 ; mar- 1773; mar- born 1776 ; Archduke of Maximilian, Archduke ried Fictor Emanuel I., married Charles-Theodore, Austria, born 1779. of Austria, born 1782. ried Francis!., Emperor King of Sardinia, 1789. King of Bavaria, 1795; of Austria, 1808. \ 1799. : ;

GENEALOGICAI TABLES.

TABLE XXXII.] Dukes of Mantua and Montferrat.

Mantua, Francis Gonzagua, Margrave of 1484 ; 4^ 1519.

a , the Emperor Charles the Fifth, 1. Frederic, Margrave of Mantua, 1519 ; created Duke of Mantua by Ferdinand Gonzagua, founder of the House 1540; married Margaret, daughter and heiress of William IX., Margrave of Montferrat, 1531. of the Dukes of Guastalla, extinct in 1530; -f- 1746.

A : of and Margrave of Lewis Gonzagua, 2. Francis I., Duke of Mantua, and Mar- 3. William, Duke Mantua, born 1538 ; Duke of Nevers, in grave of Montferrat, 1550 mar- Montferrat, 1550; created Duke of Montferrat, right of his wife, 1565 1540; -f ; ; 4/ 1595; mar. Henrietta, Eleanor, daughter daughter ried Catharine, daughter of the Emperor 1573; \ 1587 ; married of of Francis I., Duke of Nevers, 1565 ; Ferdinand I., 1549. the Emperor Ferdinand I., 1561. heiress of Nevers and Rethel. a

4. Vincent I., born 1562; Duke of Mantua and Anna- Catharina, 1620 ; married 8. Charles I., Duke of Nevers and Rethel, succeeds of Montferrat, 1587; 1612; married Eleanor, Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria, his cousin, Vincent II., in the Duchies of Mantua

daughter of Francis, grand Duke of Tuscany, of the branch of Tyrol, 1582. and Montferrat, 1627 ; is supported by France

1584. against Spain ; 1637. A A 7. II., born 5. Francis II., born 1586; Duke of 6. Ferdinand, born 1587 ; Vincent 1594; 9. Charles II., born 1609 ; Duke of Mantua and Mantua and Montferrat, 1612; Duke of Mantua and Duke of Mantua and Montferrat, 1627; f 1631; married Maria, 1612; married Margaret, daughter of Montferrat,1612; f 1626, Montferrat,1626; f 1627, daughter and heiress of Francis II., Duke of Charles-EmanuelDuke of Savoy,l 608. without issue. without issue. Mantua, 1627. a ( Maria, 10. III., Duke of Mantua and Montferrat, Eleanor, born 1609 ; 1660; married Charles born 1629; 1637; born 1630; 1686; mar-

Charles, Prince of Nevers, 1627. •j- 1665 ; married Isabella-Clara, Archduchess of Austria. ried Ferdinand III., Emperor, 1651.

is deprived of his duchies, and 11. Charles IV, born 1652; Duke of Mantua and Montferrat, 1665 , proscribed by the Emperor Leopold I., 1703;

•}• in exile, 170S. without children; married, 1. Ann-Isabella Gonzagua, daughter of Ferdinand III., Duke of Guastalla, 1670; <{• 1703; 2, Susanna- Henrietta, daughter of Charles III., Duke of Elboeuf, 1704 1710. ; f

TABLE XXXIII.] Dukes of Florence, and Grand Dukes of Tuscany of the House of Medicis.

John Medicis, •}• 1428. of A

Cosmo of Medicis, banished, 1433 restored, 1434 : 1465. Lorenzo of Medicis, 4- 1440. A ; f , ( Pietro of Medicis, 1472; Pietro Francis of Medicis, killed, 1474. a Lorenzo of Medicis, called the Magnificent, Julian of Medicis, killed, Lorenzo of Medicis. Julian of Medicis, 1504; A \ 1492. 1478. , , married Catharine Sforza of A A i Lorenzo - Francis, Milan. A Pietro Medicis, b. 1 171 John Medicis, born 1475 Julius, natural son, born Gonfal. of Florence, , of of ; % Florence Pope by the name the banished from of Leo X. 1478 ; Pope by name 1526. John of Medicis, •{• 1526. A 1504. 1512 1521. of Clement VII., 1523; , f ; f A , •f- 1534. Lorenzo of Medicis, 2. Cosmo of Medicis, born 1519; Lorenzo of Medicis, Duke of Urbino, assassin of Duke Duke of Florence, 1537; Grand restored at Florence, 1513 1528 ; 4/ ; Alexander, 1537. Duke of Tuscany, J 1569 ; -f married Margaret of Boulogne. 1574. ' A; Catharine Medicis, 1519 1. natural of bom ; Alexander of Medicis, son either of 3. Francis, born 1541; Grand 4. Ferdinand I., born 1549; 4- 1589 ; married Henry II., Lorenzo or of Pope Clement VII., born 1510 ; Duke of Tuscany, 1574; Grand Duke of Tuscany, King of France, 1533. created first Duke of Florence by the Emperor •} 1587; married, I.Joanna, 1587; f 1608; married Charles the Fifth, 1531 ; assassinated by his daughter of the Emperor Christina, daughter of cousin Lorenzo, married Margaret, 1537; natural Ferdinandl., 1565; -f-1578; Charles II., Duke of Lor- daughter of the Emperor Charles the Fifth, 1536. 2. Bianca Capella. raine, 1589. a . 5.CosMoII.,bornl590- Grand Duke of Tuscan}', 1608, -f 1621 married Maria -Magdalen, daughter of the Archduke Charles of Austria, 1608. A 6. Ferdinand II, born 1610; Grand Duke of Tuscany, 1621; 4- 1670. John-Charles, born 1611 Cardinal; •{•166!: - A ; ; ; 7. Cosmo III., bom 1642; Grand Duke of Francis-Maria, born 1660 ; Cardinal; resigns, 1709; 4/ 1711 ; married Louisa Gonzagua, Tuscany, 1670 1723. ; f daughter of Vincent, Duke of Guastalla.

8. John Gaston, born 1671 ; last Grand Duke of his house, 1723; 4/ 1737, without children. ; |

24 GENEALOGICAL TABLES.

TABLE XXXIV.] Grand Dukes of Tuscany of the House of Lorraine.

Francis-Stephen, Duke of Lorraine, 1729; obtains the grand duchy of Tuscany in exchange for his duchy, 1737; elected Emperor, 1745; -\. 1765; marries Maria-Theresa of Austria, 1736. A ,

Leopold, younger son of the Emperor Francis, aud of Maria-Theresa of Austria, becomes grand Duke of Tuscany at the death of his father 1765 • elected Emperor, 17'JO; 1792.

Ferdinand, younger son of the Emperor Leopold, obtains from his father the grand duchy of Tuscany, 1790 gives it ; up in favour of the house of Parma in virtue Luneville, obtains of the peace of 1801 ; and as an indemnity the archbishopric of Saltzberg, with the title of Elector, and afterwards the grand duchy of Wertzberg, in virtue of the peace of Presburg, 1805.

TABLE XXXV.] Dukes of Parma of the House of Farnese.

Pietro Loris Farnese, natural son of Pope Paul III., created Duke of Parma and Placentia, 1545 assassinated, 1547. A ; , . _ . (

; of Parma, 1547 -j- 1586 married Margaret, natural daughter of Emperor Octavio Farnese, born 1521 Duke ; ; Charles V., and widow of Alexander of Medicis. A /

Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma, 1586; a great warrior; governor of the Spanish Netherlands, -j- A 1578; 1592. ^

Rainlce I. Farnese, Duke of Parma, -j- 1622. A 1592; ,

Odoardo I. Farnese, Duke of Parma, 1622; 1646.

A. , , ____^ Rainl ce II. Farnese, Duke of Parma, 1646; 1694. Alexander Farnese, governor of the Spanish Netherlands, 1680; 1689.

; Duke of Antony-Francis Odoardo II. Farnese, born 1666 ; 1693; Francis Farnese, born 1678 Farnese, born 1679; Duke Dorothea-Sophia, oi 1727 married Dorothea- of Parma, married daughter Philip- Parma, 1694; \ ; 1727 ; 1731, without children; William, Elector Palatine, 1690. Sophia, widow of his brother, 1695. married Henrietta-Maria of Modena, 1728.

, A

Elizabeth, born 1692 ; married Philip I'., King of Spain, 1714.

TABLE XXXVI.] Dukes of Parma of the House of Bourbon.

Philip V., King of Spain. A

Charles (Don Carlos), born 1716; Duke of Parma and Placentia on the Philip (Don Philip), born 1720 ; Duke of Parma, Placentia, and Guas-

death Farnese, these to the in virtue the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, ; married of Antony 1731 ; cedes duchies Emperor by talla, of 1748; «f- 1765 the peace of Vienna, 1738, for the kingdoms of the Two Sicilies. Louisa-Elizabeth, daughter of Lewis XV. A — born Ferdinand, born 1751 ; Duke of Parma, Placentia, and Guastalla, 1765 Isabella- Louisa, born 1742 ; Louisa-Maria-Theresa, 1751; Charles IV., of Spain, •f 1802 ; married Maria-Amelia, daughter of the Emperor Francis L, j- 1763; married Joseph married King 1769. II., Emperor. 1765. A born Louis, born 1773 ; gives up Parma and Placentia to France by the treaty of Madrid. 1801 ; and receives in Caroline-Maria-Theresa-Josephina, virtue Luneville, the married Maximilian, of the peace of grand duchy of Tuscany, with the title of King of Etruria, <\ 1803; mar- 1770 ; \ 1804 ; ried Maria-Louisa, daughter of Charles IV., King of Spain, 1795. Prince of Saxony, 1792.

Charles Louis, born 1799 ; King of Etruria, under the guardianship of his Maria-Louisa-Charlotte, mother, 1803; resigns, 1807. born 1802. ;

GENEALOGICAL TABLES. 25

TABLE XXXVII.] Chronological List of the Popes from Gregory VII. to the End of the great Western Schism.

April, 1 confirmed by the Emperor Henry IV. Boniface VIII. elected 24th December, 1294 llth October, 1303. Gregory VII. elected 22<1 073, ; -f 1085. Benedict XI. elected 22d October, 1303 7th July, 1304. + 25th May, ; f Victor III. elected 24th May, 1086 ; 16th September, 1087. Clement V. elected 5th June, 1305; took up his residence at Avignon, March, 1088 29th July, 1099. 1309; 20th April, 1314. Urban II. elected 12th ; f f •{• 21st January, 1118. John XXII. elected 7th August, -j* 1334. Pascal II. elected 13th August, 1099 ; 1316 ; 4th December, elected Gelasius II. elected 25th January, 1118 ; 25th January, 1119. Benedict XII. 20th December, 1334; ^ 25th April, 1342.

Calixtus II. elected 1st February, 1119 ; 12th December, 1124. Clement VI. elected 7th May, 1342 ; 6th December, 1352.

-\- February, 1130. elected 18th ; Honorius II. elected 21st December, 1124 ; 24th Innocent VI. December, 1352 2d September, 1362. Innocent II. elected 15th February, 1130; f 24th September, 1143. Urban V. elected September, 1362; f 19th December, 1370. September, 1143 9th March, 1144. Gregory XI. elected 30th December, 1370 27th March, 1378. Celestin II. elected 26th ; f ; f Lucius II. elected 12th March, 1144; f 25th February, 1145. February, 1145 8th July, 1153. Eugene III. elected 27th ; f elected 9th July, 1153 2d December, 1154. Anastasius IV. ; f Popes during the Great Western Schism. -j< 1159. Adrian IV. elected 3d September, 1154 ; 1st September,

September, 1159 ; 30th August, 1181. Alexander III. elected 7th Popes of Rome. Popes of Avignon. Popes of Pisa. Lucius III. elected 1st September, 1181 ; 24th November, 1185. Urban VI. elected at Clement VII. elected Urban III. elected 25th November, 1185; -j- 19th October, 1187. April, 1378; 21st September, 1378; -\- December, 1187. Rome9th Gregory VIII. elected 20th October, 1187 ; 17th March, 18th October, 1389. *}* 16th September, Clement III. elected 19th December, 1187 ; 27th 1191. f f 1394. elected 30th March, 1191 8th January, 1198. Celestin III. ; f Boniface elected 2d -\- July, 1216. IX. Innocent III. elected 8th January, 1198 ; 17th Benedict XIII. elected -j> 1227. November, 1389; Honorius III. elected 18th July, 1216 ; 18th March, 1st October, 1404. 28th September, 1394; Gregory IX. elected 19th March, 1227 ; 21st August, 1241. deposed by the Coun- Celestin IV. elected October, 1241; { November, 1241. Innocent VII. elected cils of Pisa and Con- Innocent IV. elected 25th June, 1243; •(• 7th December, 1254. 17th October, 1404; stance in 1409 and Alexander IV. elected 12th December, 1254; 25th May, 1261. f ^6thNovember,l406. 1417; 1424. elected 29th August, 1261 •{• 2d October, 1264. f Urban IV. ; -j- Alexander V. elected by Clement IV. elected 5th February, 1265 ; 29th November, 1268. elected the elected 1st September, 1271 10th January, 1276. Gregory XII. Council of Pisa, Gregory X. ; f 30thNovember,1406; 26th June, 1409 Innocent V. elected 21st February, 1276 ; 22d June, 1276. ; the Adrian V. elected and 1276. deposed by Coun- 3d May, 1410. cil of Pisa, 5th June, John XXI. elected 13th September, 1276 ; •{ 17th May, 1277. resigned the elected 1277 22d August, 1280. 1409 ; John XXIII. Nicholas III. elected 25th November, ; -f- -j- Papacy at the Council 17th May, 1410 ; de- Martin IV. elected 22d February, 1281 ; 28th March, 1285. Honorius IV. elected 2d April, 1285 3d April, 1287. of Constance, 1415. posed by the Council ; f elected 15th February, 1288 4th April, 1292. of Constance, 29th Nicholas IV. ; f May, 1415. Celestin V. elected 5th July, 1294 ; abdicates 13th December, 1294.

TABLE XXXVIII.] Chronological List of the Popes from the End of the great Western Schism to the present Time.

elected at the Council elected 5th December, •{• Martin V. of Constance, llth November, 1417; Gregory XIV. 1590 ; 15th October, 1591. + 21st February, 1431. Innocent IX. elected 29th October; f 30th December, 1591. Eugene IV. elected 6th March, 1431 23d February, 1447. Clement VIII. elected 30th January, 1592; -j- 5th March, 1605. ; f Nicholas V. elected 6th March, 1447 24th March, 1455. Leo XI. elected 1st April; 27th April, 1605. ; f -f- Calixtus III. elected 8th April, 8th elected 1605 1455; -f August, 1458. Paul V. 16th May, ; 28th January, 1621. Pius II. (.Eneas Sylvius) elected 27th August, 1458; 16th August, Gregory XV. elected 9th February, 1621 8th July, 1623. -f ; f

1464. Urban VIII, elected 6th August, 1623 ; 29th July, 1644.

Paul II. elected 31st August, 1464 28th July, 1471. Innocent X. elected 15th September, 1644 -j- 7th January, ; f ; 1655. Sixtus IV. elected 9th August, 1471 13th August, 1484. Alexander VII. elected 7th April, 1655 22d May, 1667. ; f ; f Innocent VIII. elected 29th August, 1484 25th July, 1492. Clement IX. elected 20th June, 9th ; f 1667; -f December, 1669. Alexander VI. elected llth August, 1492 18th August, 1503. Clement X. elected 29th April, 1670 22d July, 1676. ; f ; f Pius III. elected 22d September, 1503; -j- 18th October, 1503. Innocent XI. elected 21st September, 1676 ; + 12th August, 1689. Julius II. elected 1st November, 1503; 2 1st February, 1513. Alexander VIII. elected 6th October, 1689 1st February, 1691. -f ; f Leo X. elected llth March, 1st December, 1521. elected 12th July, -j- 1513; -J- Innocent XII. 1691 ; 27th September, 1700. Adrian elected 9th January, VI. 1522; f 24th September, 1523. Clement XI. elected 23d November, 1700; -j- 9th March, 1721. VII. Clement elected 19th November, 1523 ; 26th September, 1534. Innocent XIII. elected 8th May, 1721 7th March, ; ^ 1724. Paul III. elected 13th October, 1534; 10th November, 1549. Benedict XIII. elected 29th May, 1724 21st February, 1730. f ; f Julius III. elected 8th February, 1550 <{• 2.3d elected 12th July, -j- ; March, 1555. Clement XII. 1730 ; 6th February, 1740.

Marcellus II elected 9th April <\- 1 ; 30th April, 1555. Benedict XIV. elected 7th August, 1740 5th May, 1758. ; f Paul IV. elected 23d May, 1555 •{• 18th August, 1559. Clement XIII. elected 6th July, 1758 3d February, ; ; -f- 1769. Pius IV. elected 26th December, 1559 9th elected .j. ; December, 1565. Clement XIV. 19th May, 1769 ; 22d September, 1774. Pius V. elected 7th January, 1566; 1st elected 15th February,

E ; 26 GENEALOGICAL TABLES

TABLE XV., No. 2.] Kings of the French of the House of Bourbon-Orleans.

Philip /.j Duke of Orleans, youngest son of Louis XIII. (see Table XV., No. I.) founder of the branch of Bourbon-Orleans, \ 1701 married. 1.

1661, Henrietta- Maria, daughter of Charles I., King of England ; 2. Charlotte, Palatine.

Philip II, Regent, 1715; Maria-Louisa, married Anna -Maria, married Elizabeth, married 1723. Charles II King of Victor Amadeus, King Charles, Duke of f , Spain. of Sardinia. Lorraine. A Louis, Mary, Charlotte, married Louisa, Mademoiselle -f- 1752; married married Queen Elizabeth, uiairied Augusta of Baden. Duke of Berry. Prince of Modena. of Spain. tie Beaujotais. Prince of Conti.

Louis-Philip, -j- 1785; married Louisa-Henrietta de Conti.

Louis-Philip, called Egalite, 1793; married Louisa de Penthievre.

49. Louis Philip, Duke of Orleans, born 6th Antony-Philip, Duke of A/phonse, Count of Adelaide Eugenia, Mademoiselle October, married, Maria-Amelia, Montpensier, 1807. Beaujolais, 1808. 1777. 1773; 1809, -f- d'Orleans, born born 1782, daughter of Ferdinand IV., King

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WILKINSON'S GEOGRAPHY EPITOMISED ; Ex- V. emplifying all the Terms used in Geography, including the Lines in LT se on A KEY to BRUCE'S GEOGRAPHY, price 2s. 6d. the Sphere. In large 4to., Eighteen Copper-plates, T2s. boards; or coloured sewed, 15s. VI. XII. An HISTORICAL and BIOGRAPHICAL ATLAS, A SYSTEM of MODERN and ANCIENT GEOGRA- for the Use of Schools and Students in History, from the Creation to the PHY; with a Series of Geographical Examinations. By John Holland. Birth of Christ. By John Bruce, Author of "An Introduction to Geogra- The Sixth Edition, very much improved, with a new Map of Canals and phy and Astronomy." In small folio, beautifully engraved by Bariff, printed Rivers, and a Map of the Ancient World. 12mo. price 4s. bound. on fine drawing paper, and handsomely bound and lettered, price 16s. •»* The object of this " Historical and Biographical Atlas" is, to supply the student in History with the same advantages that the student in Geography possesses in Geo- XIII. graphical Maps. The difficulty of giving a connected view of the history of different ESSAYS on ANCIENT HISTORY; particularly the nations is well known: but, by a combination of Historical and Biographical Cnarts, Jewish, Assyrian, Persian, Grecian, and Roman ; with Examinations for the this is now attempted to be done in a simple and efficacious manner. The Chronology Use of Young Persons. By the Same. A New Edition, with extensive of Archbishop Usher Is adopted as the basis of the Work. Alterations and Additions. 12mo. price 6s. bound. VII. XIV. As a Companion to the Atlas, in 8vo. price 3s. Gd. canvas boards, A SUMMARY of ANCIENT HISTORY AND PALMER'S NEW MAP of PALESTINE, from Ori- BIOGRAPHY, with Questions for Examination in each Portion of History. ginal Sources, with the Routes of all Modern Travellers. Size 38 inches by By John Bruce. 25. Price 18s. finely coloured, or 25s. done up on Canvas and Rollers. POPULAR WORKS PUBLISHED BY BALDWIN AND CRADOCK. XV. XXVII. OLIVER'S GEOGRAPHICAL SYNOPSIS of the A SHORT ; including the WORLD, and Topographical View of Great Britain and Ireland; exhibiting principal Events from the Foundation of the Empire by Phaiamond to the the Extent and Grand Divisions of the World, with a comprehensive Descrip- Reign of Charles the Tenth; for Young Persons. By Mrs. Moore. In a tion of the Four Quarters of the Globe, and the principal Islands belonging to handsome 12mo. vol., ornamented with Six Engravings, the Third Edition, each. On a large sheet, price 7s. coloured. neatly half-bound, price 7s. 6d. XVI. *«* In offering a Third Edition of this little Work to the Public, some pains have been taken to augment it, without deviating from the original plan ; and more dates A HISTORY of the ROMAN EMPERORS, from the are added with a view of making it useful as a book of reference. The Histovy has also Accession of Augustus to the Fall of the last Constantine. In Seven Books. been brought down to the present reign. The list of the THREE GREAT LINES of SOVEREIGNS, Hie By Charles A. Elton, Esq. In 12mo., embellished with Maps of the FRENCH and Tables of the Family of each King, with their alli- ances standing at the head of each reign, have been corrected and made still Roman Empire, and Twelve Portraits, price 7s. 6tl. half-bound. more complete and useful for the better understanding of trench History. XVII. SKETCHES of the DOMESTIC MANNERS and IN- XXVIII.

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12mo. 7s. Gil. half-bound. tion and Entertainment of Young People ; in which the First Principles of Natural and Experimental Philosophy are fully explained comprising Mecha- ; XVIII. nics, Astronomy, Hydrostatics, Pneumatics, Optics, Magnetism, Electricity, ESSAYS on the INSTITUTIONS, GOVERNMENT, and Galvanism. By the Rev. J. Joyce. In Six vols. 18mo. price 15s. half- and MANNERS of the STATES of ANCIENT GREECE. By Henry bound. A New Edition. David Hill, D.D., Professor of Greek in the University of St. Andrew's. ** In this Edition Wood Cuts are substituted for Plates, as facilitating the reference The Second Edition, 12mo. Price 7s. 6d. half-bound. from the text to the figures, XIX. XXIX. The , from the Earliest Times to A COMPANION to the SCIENTIFIC DIALOGUES under the Superintendence of (forming a seventh volume to that work) or, the Tutor's Assistant and Pupil's its Final Subjection to Rome. Published the ; Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. With a Chronological Table Manual: to which is added a Compendium of the principal facts, in each and Index, in a very closely printed octavo volume, price Ds.bound in cloth, Department of Science. Price 2s. tj

Language was open to the English Student. The deficiency is now supplied ; and XXI. most of our Grammar Schools already possess at least one copy for the occasional TABLES of COMPARATIVE CHRONOLOGY, ex- reference of the pupils. The importance of a work of this nature, as relates to the hibiting the Dates of the principal Events which took place from the Flood to composition of Latin pro£c or verse, is loo obvious to require demonstration, the Fall of the Roman Empire, designed to give Young Persons correct Infor- mation respecting the Progress of Human Society. By A. Piquot, Esq. In XXXI. Twelve engraved Charts, and with a fine Vignette Title. Imperial 4to. price MAPS. 12s. boards. XXII. Under the SUPERINTENDENCE of the SOCIETY for the DIFFUSION of USEFUL KNOWLEDGE. of BIOGRAPHY. By Joseph Priestley, A CHART There are already so many collections of Maps published in this country F.R.S. Continued to the close of the Eighteenth Century, on a large LL.D. under the denomination of Aliases, and of such various sizes and merits, that Sheet, with a Catalogue of all the Names and Dates. Price 10s. 6d. it may at first appear unnecessary to provide for the Public any additional XXIII. work of this description. But in pursuing the objects for which they were originally associated, the SOCIETY for the DIFFUSION of USEFUL HISTORY. By the same A CHART of GENERAL KNOWLEDGE find that Geographical Students and Readers of History Author. Price 10s. 6J. want an intermediate size between the large and expensive Maps fit only for XXIV. the Library, and that smaller sort usually adopted in Schools. Tne in- compilation of most of these collections is another considera- ENGLISH SYNONYMES EXPLAINED in Alphabe- equality in the tion of importance; but, above all, the high price which Maps, when tolerably tical Order; with Copious Illustrations and Examples drawn from the best executed, have hitherto borne, seems to require more than common exertion Writers. By George Crabb, A.M. In a large vol. 8vo. price 1/. Is. The on the part of the Society to remove so serious an obstruction to the progress Fifth Edition, corrected and enlarged. of popular Education. of reference, a very copious index is prefixed to this For the greater facility With these views, as well as for the purpose of illustrating the Historical edition. and Geographical Treatises which form part of the Library of Useful Know-

XXV. ledge, it has been determined to publish a Series of Modern and Ancient showing A , from the FIRST INVA- Maps, on similar scales, moderate in size, yet capable of distinctly every place of interest; of unexampled cheapness, yet finished in the best SION of the ROMANS to the END of the REIGN of JAMES THE and the accuracy of which may safely be relied upon, from the SECOND. By John Lingard, D.D. In Eight vols. 4to. price 1/. 15s. each manner; arrangements made for their composition and execution. They are engraved vol., or in Fourteen vols. 8vo. price 8/. 8s. delivered on Steel: the size is about 11 inches by 14: and two of them are XXVI. in a Wrapper for One Shilling, or with the Outlines coloured for One Shil- The HISTORY of BRITISH INDIA. By James Mill, ling and Sixpence. The Series will consist of Sixty or Seventy Plates; and a Number appears Esq. In Six vols. 8vo., the Third Edition, price 3/. 12s. boards. at intervals of Two Months, or more frequently. Ten Numbers are already "The labour which has been employed in collecting and examining materials, the contain Two Maps of GREECE, both Ancient and Modern; feel- published, which skilful distribution of the facts into proper compartments, the high tone of moral both Ancient and Modern ; Two of ITALY, both Ancient narrative, entitle the Two of TURKEY, ing, and the enlarged philosophy which every where pervade the and Modern; Three of ENGLAND; Two of FRANCE; the Kingdom of "History of British India," to be regarded as a valur.ble addition to our national lite- the NETHERLANDS. Plan of the City of ROME, Ancient; and the same rature. The extensive circulation of Mr. Mill's History will be a benefit both to Eng- Modern. land and to India."—British Review.

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