DOCSLIB.ORG

Appeal China Yunnan Province Earthquakes

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Appeal China Yunnan Province Earthquakes 150 route de Ferney, P.O. Box 2100 1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland Tel: 41 22 791 6033 Fax: 41 22 791 6506 e-mail: [email protected] Appeal Coordinating Office China Yunnan Province Earthquakes – ASCN-01 Appeal Target : US$ 211,424 Geneva, 25 January 2000 Dear Colleagues, Two earthquakes measuring 5.9 and 6.5 on the Richter Scale hit Dayao County and Yao An County in southwest China’s Yunnan Province on 15 January 2000 causing considerable damage to public and private property and rendering more than 150,000 persons homeless. As food, clothing, cotton quilts and shelter are the most urgent needs at present ACT Member The Amity Foundation allocated US$ 48,426 from its revolving fund for immediate assistance to the victims. Amity now proposes to distribute shelter materials and cotton quilts to vulnerable, homeless families exposed to the freezing temperatures. US$ China – Yunnan Earthquake 2 Appeal ASCN-01 Please kindly send your contributions to the ACT bank account and inform this office of all pledges/contributions and transfers, including funds sent direct to the implementers. Please note the Pledge Form is no longer attached with the Appeal. Account Number – 102539/0.01.61 Banque Edouard Constant Cours de Rive 11 Case postale 3754 1211 Genève 3 SWITZERLAND For further information, please contact: ACT Co-ordinator, Miriam Lutz (phone 41 22 791 6033 or mobile phone ++ 41 79 203 6055) or ACT Appeals Officer, Neville Pradhan (phone +41 22 791 6035 or mobile phone ++41 79 285 2916) ACT Web Site address: http://www.act-intl.org Ms. Geneviève Jacques Miriam Lutz Rev. Rudolf Hinz Director ACT Coordinator Director WCC/Cluster on Relations LWF/World Service China – Yunnan Earthquake 3 Appeal ASCN-01 I. REQUESTING ACT MEMBER ¨ The Amity Foundation II. IMPLEMENTING AGENCY Amity is an independent, church-related relief and development organisation aiming at promoting health, education, social services and rural development projects as well as undertaking emergency relief and rehabilitation programmes in times of disasters. Amity is legally registered as a non- profitable organisation and has been serving society and the people in China for the last 14 years. Amity has successfully implemented several emergency projects with ACT network assistance in the past few years. III. DESCRIPTION OF THE EMERGENCY SITUATION Two earthquakes measuring 5.9 and 6.5 on the Richter scale hit Yao An County, Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China on January 15, 2000. Official reports (16 January) reveal that: 5 people were killed, 1,572 injured, and 156,378 rendered homeless. 8,884 room units have collapsed, and 23,048 have been seriously damaged along with 155 schools destroyed or damaged. The economic loss is estimated at 1,08 billion yuan (about USD 131 million). Limited loss of lives and relatively low casualty figures are attributed to sparse population in the mountainous areas and evacuation after the first tremor. Yaoan County is located in the hilly areas in the north part of Yunnan Province. It is one of the poorest counties in China with the average annual income per capita below 800 yuan. Minority people account for 40% of its total population. It is characterized with the typical climate of a high, cold area. At this time of the year, the wind is strong and piercing, the temperature remains around 15 degrees centigrade during the day and drops sharply below zero centigrade at night. Impact on Human Life Food, clothing, cotton quilts and shelters are the most urgent needs of those persons rendered China – Yunnan Earthquake 4 Appeal ASCN-01 V. BENEFICIARY INFORMATION AND TARGETED AREAS Amity has selected a total of 7,560 most vulnerable, homeless families (37,800 people) in the townships of Guantun, Dahekou, Taiping and Zuomen - four of the worst affected areas. VI. DESCRIPTION OF TARGETED ASSISTANCE In view of the cold temperatures, Amity plans to distribute shelter materials in the form of 40 m2 of water and wind proof cloth to each family, which is sufficient to cover the outer surface of a straw hut and give some protection and warmth to the scanty shelters. In addition two cotton quilts per family will be distributed, which will provide better protection against the bitter cold of the winter nights. VII. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION AND MANAGEMENT A local relief implementation group has been set up for Amity’s relief work. The branch head from Yunnan Provincial Political Consultation Committee will be the group leader. Representatives from Yunnan Christian Council, relevant county departments, township departments and related villages will be the group members. The implementation group will assess and provide feedback on the situation in the quake areas. The group will collaborate with Amity to design relief work, and to procure and distribute relief materials. Amity Foundation is the main operating body throughout the relief efforts. It plays key roles in planing and managing the relief work. It supervises and monitors during the whole operation process. It coordinates for the smooth implementation of the relief work and ensures that the relief funds are used as planned. Adjustments to the project may be made based on feedback from the implementation group, consultations with different sources and first-hand information obtained from Amity staff field trips. Procurement All relief materials will be purchased locally and in order to ensure quality and cost effectiveness, several manufacturers have been invited to make quotes. Choice of suppliers shall be made based on comparison between the quality, the price, the supply period and the service they offer. The suppliers will deliver the relief materials to the designated areas. Distribution of relief materials is expected to be completed by mid-March and final reports will be China – Yunnan Earthquake 5 Appeal ASCN-01 VIII. BUDGET ESTIMATED PROJECT INCOME US$ Pledges/Contrib. Recd Hong Kong Christian Council (HK$100,000) 12,820 ACT-AMITY FOUNDATION ESTIMATED EXPENSES Description Type of Number Cost/Unit Budget Budget Unit of Units CNY CNY USD Direct Assistance Wind/water proof shelter material m2 302,400 1.25 378,000 45,763 Cotton quilts Nos 15,120 85 1,285,200 155,593 Administration Office costs, travel, communication Lump sum 83,160 10,068 TOTAL 1,746,360 211,424 US$ Total Appeal Target 211,424 Less Pledges/Contrib. Recd 12,820 Balance Requested from ACT Network 198,604 Exchange rate: US$ 1 = CNY 8.26.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Operation China
    Lipo, Western July 4 Location: More than 146,000 past. While the Western Lipo live in an impoverished Eastern Lipo are a area of northern Yunnan Province. Lisu-speaking group They inhabit six counties in Yunnan — who migrated to Dayao, Yongren, Yuanmou, Binchuan, their present Yao’an, and Yongsheng. A small location after a number of Western Lipo spill across military defeat in the border into the Renhe District of 1812,3 the Western Panzhihua County in Sichuan Province. Lipo claim to have originated in Nanjing Identity: There is a great deal of or Jiangxi in eastern confusion regarding the classification China. According to of the Lipo. The Lipo as a whole have local accounts, “the been officially included as part of the ancestors of today’s Yi nationality in China, yet among the Lipuo [Western Lipo are two very distinct groups, Lipo] came as which here are defined as Eastern soldiers at various and Western Lipo. The two do not times from the early consider themselves to be the same Ming to the early people. They have different histories, Qing dynasties [late dress, customs, and languages. This 14th century to late century a further distinction has 17th century]. developed between the two groups: Historical records the Eastern Lipo are known as a confirm that those Christian tribe while the Western Lipo dynasties did send Jamin Pelkey have relatively few Christians. Lipo military expeditions to the area that is Religion: The majority of Western Lipo means “insiders.” They refer to the now Yongren; we can speculate that are polytheists. They worship many Han Chinese as Xipo, or “outsiders.” today’s Lipuo [Western Lipo] are spirits and protective deities, including descendants of intermarriage between mountain deities.
    [Show full text]
  • Operation China Their Alternate the Three Main Religions Among the Tusu Name Is Used to Avoid Confusion with the People
    Tusu November 27 of Western Yi. Tusu speakers, SICHUAN •Lijiang however, cannot understand the speech of other Western Yi •Binchuan •Dayao •Dali Kunming groups in their region and • •Chuxiong must revert to Chinese in •Yunxian •Wanding order to communicate. YUNNAN Scale 0 KM 160 History: For more than 1,300 Population in China: years the Tusu have appeared 31,000 (1999) in Chinese records of Yunnan 31,750 (2000) Province. The Tusu “are said 39,900 (2010) Location: Yunnan to be descendants of the Religion: Polytheism ancient Muocha tribe which Christians: 20 moved from Baoshan to Weishan in ancient times. In Overview of the Tusu the seventh century AD they Countries: China moved to present-day Xiangyun Pronunciation: “Too-soo” County and later spread into Other Names: southeastern Dayao and parts 2 Tusupo, Tu, Turen, Tuzu of Binchuan County.” Population Source: 31,000 (1999 J. Pelkey); Customs: In some areas the Out of a total Yi population of 6,572,173 (1990 census) Tusu love to come together Location: N Yunnan: Xiangyun and participate in local (15,000), Binchuan (13,000), festivals, since it gives them a and Dayao (3,000) counties Jamin Pelkey chance to relax and forget Status: Location: Approximately 31,000 Tusu about their hardships and struggles. The Officially included under Yi people live in the western central part of festivals also serve as a reunion for Language: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Burmese-Lolo, Yunnan Province in southwest China. In relatives and friends. The Tiger Dance Lolo, Northern Lolo, Yi, Xiangyun County the Tusu inhabit the Festival is held for one week during the first Western Yi Da’aonai Community of Luwu District; the lunar month each year.
    [Show full text]
  • A Revision of the Genus Pseudoechthistatus Pic
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 604: 49–85 (2016) A revision of the genus Pseudoechthistatus Pic... 49 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.604.9049 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research A revision of the genus Pseudoechthistatus Pic (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Lamiini) Wen-Xuan Bi1,2, Mei-Ying Lin1 1 Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100101, China 2 Room 401, No. 2, Lane 155, Lianhua South Road, Shanghai, 201100, China Corresponding authors: Wen-Xuan Bi ([email protected]); Mei-Ying Lin ([email protected]) Academic editor: F. Vitali | Received 29 April 2016 | Accepted 19 May 2016 | Published 11 July 2016 http://zoobank.org/28522BEE-2F2A-4E8B-A0B3-5FB901671E85 Citation: Bi W-X, Lin M-Y (2016) A revision of the genus Pseudoechthistatus Pic (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Lamiini). ZooKeys 604: 49–85. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.604.9049 Abstract The genus Pseudoechthistatus Pic, 1917 is redefined and revised. Five species of the genus are described as new, P. sinicus sp. n. and P. chiangshunani sp. n. from central Yunnan, China, P. pufujiae sp. n. from west- ern Yunnan, China, and P. holzschuhi sp. n. and P. glabripennis sp. n. from southern Yunnan and northern Vietnam. Pseudoechthistatus birmanicus Breuning, 1942 is excluded from the fauna of China. Three poorly known species, P. obliquefasciatus Pic, 1917, P. granulatus Breuning, 1942, and P. acutipennis Chiang, 1981 are redescribed, and the type localities of the former two species are discussed. Endophallic structure of seven species in inflated and everted condition are studied and compared with their relatives.
    [Show full text]
  • Yunnan Provincial Highway Bureau
    IPP740 REV World Bank-financed Yunnan Highway Assets management Project Public Disclosure Authorized Ethnic Minority Development Plan of the Yunnan Highway Assets Management Project Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Yunnan Provincial Highway Bureau July 2014 Public Disclosure Authorized EMDP of the Yunnan Highway Assets management Project Summary of the EMDP A. Introduction 1. According to the Feasibility Study Report and RF, the Project involves neither land acquisition nor house demolition, and involves temporary land occupation only. This report aims to strengthen the development of ethnic minorities in the project area, and includes mitigation and benefit enhancing measures, and funding sources. The project area involves a number of ethnic minorities, including Yi, Hani and Lisu. B. Socioeconomic profile of ethnic minorities 2. Poverty and income: The Project involves 16 cities/prefectures in Yunnan Province. In 2013, there were 6.61 million poor population in Yunnan Province, which accounting for 17.54% of total population. In 2013, the per capita net income of rural residents in Yunnan Province was 6,141 yuan. 3. Gender Heads of households are usually men, reflecting the superior status of men. Both men and women do farm work, where men usually do more physically demanding farm work, such as fertilization, cultivation, pesticide application, watering, harvesting and transport, while women usually do housework or less physically demanding farm work, such as washing clothes, cooking, taking care of old people and children, feeding livestock, and field management. In Lijiang and Dali, Bai and Naxi women also do physically demanding labor, which is related to ethnic customs. Means of production are usually purchased by men, while daily necessities usually by women.
    [Show full text]
  • Operation China
    Popei September 27 Popei language reportedly SICHUAN shares 86% lexical GUIZHOU •Panzhihua similarity with the Central •Dayao •Dali •Wuding Luoluopo language but this •Kunming comparison is based on a YUNNAN scant 29 word vocabulary MYANMAR list.”2 Scale L A O VIETNAM 0 KM 160 S Population in China: History: Today’s various 5,000 (1999) branches of the Yi people, 5,120 (2000) including the Popei, are 6,430 (2010) Location: Yunnan believed to have come Religion: Animism from common stock. Christians: None Known Legends and records written in the ancient Yi Overview of the Popei script show that the Yi Countries: China society was once Pronunciation: “Poh-pay” matriarchal. The Annals of Other Names: Shuiyi, Shuiyipuo, the Yis in the Southwest Water Yi, Shui Yi, Shuitian, records that in ancient Shuiyizu, Shuitianyizi times the Yi people “only Population Source: knew mothers and not 3,000 to 5,000 (1999 J. Pelkey); Out of a total Yi population of fathers… and women ruled 6,572,173 (1990 census) for six generations in a 3 Location: row.” As the Yi splintered N Yunnan: Chuxiong Prefecture: into numerous divisions Dayao and Yongren counties; Lijiang Prefecture: Huaping Ministries Target and migrated throughout County Location: Between 3,000 and 5,000 Popei southern China, each group gradually Status: people live in the northern part of Yunnan developed its own language and culture. Officially included under Yi Province close to the border with Sichuan Language: Sino-Tibetan, Province. About 1,000 Popei live in several Customs: Although small in number, the Tibeto-Burman, Burmese-Lolo, Lolo, Northern Lolo, Yi, Central Yi villages in Huaping County which is part of Popei celebrate many traditional Yi Dialects: 0 Lijiang Prefecture.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Diversity and Relationship Analysis of 21 Walnut Varieties
    Molecular Plant Breeding 2021, Vol.12, No.9, 1-7 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/mpb Research Report Open Access Genetic Diversity and Relationship Analysis of 21 Walnut Varieties Based on SSR Markers Xu Lingwen 1,2, Wang Yi 2 , Yuan Xiaolong 2, Lu Bin 2 , Hao Jiabo 2, Zhang Yu 2, Ma Jun 3, Wang Fei 3 1 College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China 2 Laboratory of Forest Plant Cultivation and Utilization, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland and The Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Forest Plants of State Forestry Administration, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China 3 Kunming Forestry Technology Promotion Centre, Kunming, 650033, China Corresponding author Email: [email protected]; [email protected] Molecular Plant Breeding, 2021, Vol.12, No.9 doi: 10.5376/mpb.2021.12.0009 Received: 18 Feb., 2021 Accepted: 17 Mar., 2021 Published: 31 Mar., 2021 Copyright © 2021 Xu et al., This article was first published in Molecular Plant Breeding in Chinese, and here was authorized to translate and publish the paper in English under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Xu L.W., Wang Y., Yuan X.L., Lu B., Hao J.B., Zhang Y., Ma J., and Wang F., 2021, Genetic diversity and relationship analysis of 21 walnut varieties based on SSR markers, Molecular Plant Breeding, 12(9): 1-7 (doi: 10.5376/mpb.2021.12.0009) Abstract In order to grasp the germplasm resources of walnut in Yunnan province, the genetic diversity and relationship of 21 walnuts varieties commonly planted in Yunnan province were analyzed using SSR fluorescent labeling technology.
    [Show full text]
  • Prevalence of Four Common Bee RNA Viruses in Eastern Bee
    ary Scien in ce r te & e T V e f c h o Journal of Veterinary Science & n n l o o a a l l n n o o r r g g u u Wang, et al., J Veterinar Sci Technol 2016, 7:1 y y o o J J Technology DOI: 10.4172/2157-7579.1000284 ISSN: 2157-7579 Research Article Open Access Prevalence of Four Common Bee RNA Viruses in Eastern Bee Populations in Yunnan Province, China Miao Wang1, Junlong Bi2,3, Lei Wang1,3, Danyin Zhou1, Xiaotian Ma1, Wengui Li2, Wenzheng Zhao1, Gefen Yin2, Jianping Liu2,4*, Shaoyu He1* 1Eastern Bee Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China 2College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China 3Chuxiong Prefecture Animal Disease Control Center, Chuxiong 675000, Yunnan Province, China 4Karolinska Institute, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, SE-14183 Huddinge, Sweden *Corresponding author: Jianping Liu, Karolinska Institute, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, SE-14183 Huddinge, Sweden, Tel: 858586658; E-mail: [email protected] Shaoyu He, Eastern Bee Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China, Email: [email protected] Rec date: Dec 17, 2015; Acc date: Jan 11, 2016; Pub date: Jan 13, 2016 Copyright: © 2016 Wang M, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract Deformed wing virus (DWV), black queen cell virus (BQCV), sacbrood virus (SBV), Kashmir bee virus (KBV), acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV) and chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV) are the most common RNA viruses in bee population worldwide.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study from the Perspectives of Shared Innovation
    SUBGROUPING OF NISOIC (YI) LANGUAGES: A STUDY FROM THE PERSPECTIVES OF SHARED INNOVATION AND PHYLOGENETIC ESTIMATION by ZIWO QIU-FUYUAN LAMA Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Arlington in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON May 2012 Copyright © by Ziwo Qiu-Fuyuan Lama 2012 All Rights Reserved To my parents: Qiumo Rico and Omu Woniemo Who have always wanted me to stay nearby, but they have also wished me to go my own way! ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The completion of this dissertation could not have happened without the help of many people; I own much gratitude to these people and I would take this moment to express my heartfelt thanks to them. First, I wish to express my deep thanks to my supervisor, Professor Jerold A Edmondson, whose guidance, encouragement, and support from the beginning to the final page of this dissertation. His direction showed me the pathway of the writing of this dissertation, especially, while working on chapter of phylogenetic study of this dissertation, he pointed out the way to me. Secondly, I would like to thank my other committee members: Dr. Laurel Stvan, Dr. Michael Cahill, and Dr. David Silva. I wish to thank you very much for your contribution to finishing this dissertation. Your comments and encouragement were a great help. Third, I would like to thank my language informants and other people who helped me during my field trip to China in summer 2003, particularly ZHANF Jinzhi, SU Wenliang, PU Caihong, LI Weibing, KE Fu, ZHAO Hongying, ZHOU Decai, SHI Zhengdong, ZI Wenqing, and ZUO Jun.
    [Show full text]
  • Important Notice
    IMPORTANT NOTICE THIS OFFERING IS AVAILABLE ONLY TO INVESTORS WHO ARE ADDRESSEES OUTSIDE OF THE UNITED STATES. IMPORTANT: You must read the following disclaimer before continuing. The following disclaimer applies to the attached offering circular (the “Offering Circular”). You are advised to read this disclaimer carefully before accessing, reading or making any other use of the attached Offering Circular. In accessing the attached Offering Circular, you agree to be bound by the following terms and conditions, including any modifications to them from time to time, each time you receive any information from the company as a result of such access. In order to be eligible to view the attached Offering Circular or make an investment decision with respect to the securities, investors must be outside the United States (as defined under Regulation S under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”)). Confirmation of your representation: This Offering Circular is being sent to you at your request and by accepting the e-mail and accessing the attached Offering Circular, you shall be deemed to represent to Yunnan Energy Investment Finance Company Ltd. (the “Issuer”), Yunnan Energy Investment (H K) Co. Limited (the “Guarantor”), Yunnan Provincial Energy Investment Group Co., Ltd. (the “Company”) and Bank of China Limited, BOCI Asia Limited, CCB International Capital Limited, China Merchants Securities (HK) Co., Ltd., Citigroup Global Markets Limited, CLSA Limited, Guotai Junan Securities (Hong Kong) Limited and The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited (the “Joint Lead Managers”) that (1) you and any customers you represent are outside the United States and that the e-mail address that you gave us and to which this e-mail has been delivered is not, located in the United States, its territories or possessions and (2) you consent to delivery of the attached Offering Circular and any amendments or supplements thereto by electronic transmission.
    [Show full text]
  • Administrative Division of Yunnan
    Administrative Division of Yunnan Prefecture- County-level level Name Chinese (S) Hanyu Pinyin Panlong District ፧᰼ Pánlóng Qū Wuhua District ࡋ Wǔhuá Qū Guandu District Guāndù Qū Xishan District Xīshān Qū Dongchuan District Dōngchuān Qū Anning City ఓ Ānníng Shì Chenggong County Chénggòng Xiàn Kunming City ༷ఓ Jinning County Jìnníng Xiàn Kunming Shi Fumin County Fùmín Xiàn Yiliang County Yíliáng Xiàn Songming County Sōngmíng Xiàn Shilin Yi Autonomous ᕧ Shílín Yízú Zìzhìxiàn County Luquan Yi and Miao ᖾᕧ Lùquàn Yízú Autonomous County Miáozú Zìzhìxiàn Xundian Hui and Yi "#$ Xúndiàn Huízú Autonomous County Yízú Zìzhìxiàn ᕧ Qilin District ᯑ& Qílín Qū Qilin District ᯑ& Qílín Qū Xuanwei City '(ఓ Xuānwēi Shì Malong County Mǎlóng Xiàn Qujing City )᰼ ྍఓ Zhanyi County *፟ Zhānyì Xiàn Qǔjìng Shì Fuyuan County , Fùyuán Xiàn Luoping County -ఞ Luópíng Xiàn Shizong County ఙ0 Shīzōng Xiàn Luliang County 1 Lùliáng Xiàn Huize County 23 Huìzé Xiàn 2 Prefecture- County-level level Name Chinese (S) Hanyu Pinyin Hongta District ᐋ5 Hóngtǎ Qū Jiangchuan County 6 Jiāngchuān Xiàn Chengjiang County ၵ6 Chéngjiāng Xiàn Tonghai County 8ྦ Tōnghǎi Xiàn Huaning County Huáníng Xiàn Yuxi City ሊါఓ Yimen County :᫝ Yìmén Xiàn Yùxī Shì Eshan Yi < ᕧ Éshān Yízú Zìzhìxiàn Autonomous County Xinping Yi and Dai =ఞ Xīnpíng Yízú Autonomous County Dǎizú Zìzhìxiàn जᕧ Yuanjiang Hani, Yi ?6ૅA Yuánjiāng Hānízú and Dai Yízú Autonomous County जᕧ Dǎizú Zìzhìxiàn Longyang District ᬃC Lóngyáng Qū Shidian County Shīdiàn Xiàn Baoshan City D# ఓ Tengchong County Eউ Téngchōng Xiàn Bǎoshān
    [Show full text]
  • The Transformation of Yunnan in Ming China from the Dali Kingdom to Imperial Province
    The Transformation of Yunnan in Ming China From the Dali Kingdom to Imperial Province Edited by Christian Daniels and Jianxiong Ma First published 2020 ISBN: 978-0-367-35336-0 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-429-33078-0 (ebk) 5 Upland leaders of the internal frontier and Ming governance of western Yunnan, fifteenth and sixteenth centuries Christian Daniels (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) Funder: Hong Kong University of Science and Technology 5 Upland leaders of the internal frontier and Ming governance of western Yunnan, fifteenth and sixteenth centuries Christian Daniels1 Introduction Since the publication of James C. Scott’s controversial The Art of Not Being Governed, scholars have increasingly situated Yunnan within the sprawling region known as Zomia.2 The term Zomia refers to a stateless mountainous area that functioned as a place of refuge for ethnic groups attempting to escape encroachment by lowland states. In Zomia, communities preserved their auto- nomy by resisting incorporation into state administrative systems, avoiding paying taxes and refusing to provide lowland states with labour services. Relat- ively large polities emerged in Dali, the political and religious centre of Yunnan in pre-Ming times, the most renowned being the Nanzhao (649–903) and the Dali (937–1253) kingdoms, with their capitals beside Lake Erhai. These lowland poli- ties existed within a framework similar to the lowland–upland dichotomy found in the northern mainland of Southeast Asia. After the Ming conquest of western Yunnan in 1382 and until 1574, upland communities remained outside the ambit of the state in a vast mountainous tract known as Iron Chain Gorge.3 In this chapter, I investigate why the Ming required nearly 200 years to control these upland communities.
    [Show full text]
  • Community-Based Forest Fire Management in Wenyime Village, Sanchahe Township, Dayao County, Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China
    China Community-Based Forest Fire Management in Wenyime Village, Sanchahe Township, Dayao County, Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China By Zhang Lichang, Wu Long, Zhao Yaqiao and Lu Caizhen; October 2001 Center for Community Development Studies (CDS), 133 Qixiang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China; E-mail: [email protected] EXECUTIVE SUMMARY China had an average of 15 619 forest fire events each year since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 until 1990. Yunnan is one of the country’s key national forest areas. It is rich in forest resources, but also very prone to fire. Every year, more than 2 700 forest fire events occur, destroying 1.7 million ha of forest. Of the many natural disasters in Yunnan, fire has had the most pronounced influence on forest cover. Although forest fires are difficult to prevent altogether, proper management and control can reduce their occurrence and spread, or at least minimize the damage that they cause. The Chinese Communist Party and Government in Dayao county have paid great attention to forest fire management, especially after the Daxinganling forest fire in 1987. A collaborative effort between government and communities in the county has led to significant achievements, culminating in Dayao county being awarded a prize for advanced forest fire management by Yunnan Provincial Government in 1992. This case study investigates the village of Wenyime in Dayao county, Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, where villagers have shown a profound understanding of fire prevention and control and have participated voluntarily in fire management. The effect of such community-based fire management (CBFiM) has been beneficial to both villagers and government.
    [Show full text]