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A Study of the Genus Gryllomorpha Fieber, 1853 (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllomorphinae)

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A Study of the Genus Gryllomorpha Fieber, 1853 (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllomorphinae) ZOOSYSTEMATICA ROSSICA, 18(1): 25-47 3 JULY 2009 A study of the genus Gryllomorpha Fieber, 1853 (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllomorphinae) A.V. GOROCHOV A.V. Gorochov, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia; [email protected] Twenty six species and subspecies of the genus Gryllomorpha are considered. Twelve of them are included in the nominotypical subgenus: G. dalmatina dalmatina, G. d. schmidti stat. n.; G. longicauda longicauda nom. resurr.; G. l. adspersa stat. n.; G. brevicauda brevicauda, G. b. australis subsp. n.; G. b. borealis subsp. n.; G. occidentalis sp. n.; G. sovetica sp. n.; G. syriaca, G. rufescens, G. maghzeni. Fiftheen taxa are soundly or tentatively included in the subgenus Gryllomorphella: G. miramae miramae, G. m. guentheri, G. albanica, G. antalya sp. n., G. zonata zonata, G. z. ifni subsp. n., G. robusta sp. n., G. ?canariensis, G. atlas sp. n., G. segregata sp. n., G. mira, G. uclensis uclensis, G. u. algeriana, G. u. ?pygmaea, G. sternlichti. Type material for the majority of these species is briefly revised. Male copulatory structures for many species are described and illustrated for the first time. Neotype for G. dalmatina and Acheta aptera as well as a lectotype for Gryllomorpha zonata are designated. Key words: Orthoptera, Gryllomorphinae, Gryllomorpha, new species, neotype designation INTRODUCTION the above-mentioned catalogue by Eades & Otte, but I only erected Baccetti’s group The Gryllomorphinae Saussure, 1877 Petaloptilae; see Gorochov, 1984a). The is a rather small subfamily of the family Petaloptilini includes 4 genera charac- Gryllidae Laicharting, 1981. This subfam- terized by the male genitalia with the not ily is related to the subfamily Gryllinae and arched endoparameres (having long apo- distributed from Mediterranean region to demes) and small spermatophore sac: Peta- eastern part of Kazakhstan, northern part of loptila Pantel, 1890 (=Discoptila Pantel, Iran, Western Sahara, and Canary Islands. 1890; see Gorochov, 2006) from Spain and Including of some representatives from continental Italy, Acroneuroptila Baccetti, Australia (Eurygryllodes Chopard, 1951; 1959 from Sardinia I., Glandulosa Harz, Maluagryllus Otte, 1994), Europe (Eugryl- 1979 from Asia Minor, and Ovaliptila Goro- lodes Chopard, 1927), and South America chov, 2006 from northern part of eastern (Neogryllodes Otte, 1994) in this subfamily half of Mediterranean region. The Gryllo- (Eades & Otte, 2009) is erroneous or ques- morphini contains the widely distributed tionable. Eurygryllodes and probably Malu- genus Gryllomorpha Fieber, 1853 and pos- agryllus belong to the primitive tribe Euryg- sibly the genus Hymenoptila Chopard, 1943 ryllodini Gorochov, 1990 of the subfamily from western part of North Africa and from Gryllinae (Gorochov, 1990). Eugryllodes is Canary Islands (Kevan & Hsiung, 1992). a typical representative of the tribe Gryllini These genera are characterized by the male (Gorochov & Llorente, 2001). Neogryllodes genitalia with the arched endoparameres is nomen nudum (no any generic descrip- (having short or almost absent apodemes) tion), and this name is based on an insuffi- and large spermatophore sac. ciently described species. One of main problems in taxonomy of So, the Gryllomorphinae consists of Gryllomorpha is the absence of descriptions only 2 dependable tribes: Gryllomorphini and illustrations of male genitalia for major- and Petaloptilini Baccetti, 1959 (author- ity of its species, as the external structure in ship of the latter tribe is ascribed to me in these species is often similar, and their body © 2009 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes 26 A.V. GOROCHOV. STUDY OF GRYLLOMORPHA size and coloration are rather variable. This DESCRIPTION genus was divided into 2 subgenera (Goro- chov, 1984a): Gryllomorpha s. str. and Gryll- Genus Gryllomorpha Fieber, 1853 omorphella Gorochov, 1984 (with G. mira- Type species Acheta dalmatina Ocskay, 1832. mae Medvedev, 1933 as a type species of the Note. This genus is well known and latter subgenus). Study of the new material clearly distinguished from all the other gen- on Gryllomorpha and of the old type mate- era of Gryllomorphinae by the completely rial from some museums allows me to find apterous body and absence of any thoracic a few additional characters for more dis- gland. Male of this genus is also character- tinct determination of several species and ized by the bifurcate hind part of anal plate subspecies. This study shows also that the and some characters of genitalia: epiphal- male genitalia in this genus are diverse, and lus is with the V-shaped median proximal Gryllomorpha is in need of division into sclerite (sometimes this sclerite is partly more than 2 subgenera. However the male semimembranous or divided into 2 isolated genitalia of many species of Gryllomorpha lateral sclerites) and a pair of hind processes; are unstudied up to now. It is a reason for ectoparameres are well developed, very dif- tentative inclusion of all studied species in ferent in shape; spermatophore sac is large only 2 old subgenera evidently reflected a and often convoluted, and endopameres are most ancient divergence of this genus. arched and with the short or almost absent The material considered here is depos- apodemes (these structeres are similar to ited at the following institutions: Zoologi- those of Gryllinae, but this similarity is a cal Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, result of convergence); guiding rod is partly St.Petersburg (ZISP); Museo Nacional semimembranous and provided with the de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid (MNCN); more or less trifurcate sclerotization at the é Mus um d’Histoire naturelle de la Ville de apex; hind part of genitalia has the trans- è Gen ve, Geneva (MHNG); Natural His- verse sclerite isolated from the other sclero- tory Museum, London (BMNH); Museum tized parts (Figs 2-7). ü ä f r Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universit t, At present differences between the sub- Berlin (MNHU); Naturhistorisches Muse- genera Gryllomorpha and Gryllomorphella um, Wien (NHMW), Institute of Zoology, are insufficientlty clear: majority of species Armenian Academy of Sciences, Yerevan belonging to Gryllomorpha s. str. differ from (IZAS); Tavrida National University, Sim- majority of species of Gryllomorphella in the feropol (TNUS); G.H. Schmidt’s collection, short ectoparameres, weakly trifurcate apex Universität Hannover (SCUH). For the of guiding rod, and presence of a pair of long loan of the material for this study, I wish to and narrow sclerotized ribbons behind lat- thank Dr. V. Llorente and Dr. I. Izquierdo eral parts of guiding rod (for comparison see (MNCN), Dr. B. Hauser (MHNG), the late Figs 2, a-c, e, g-i, k, n-p; 3, a-c, g-j, n-p, x; 4, Dr. G.B. Popov and J. Marshall (BMNH), a-c and Figs 4, g-i, l-n, p-r; 5, a-c, d-f, j-l, o-q; Dr. K.K. Günther and I. Dorandt (MNHU), 6, a-c). But there are some species with only the late Dr. A. Kaltenbach (NHMW), the one of these characters (ectoparameres short, late Dr. A.S. Avetyan (IZAS), Dr. I.V. Malt- as in Gryllomorpha s. str., but sclerotized sev (TNUS), and Prof. G.H. Schmidt from ribbons absent, and guiding rod strongly Hannover. This work is supported by the trifurcate, as in Gryllomorphella; Figs 6, f-h, Russian Foundation for Basic Research k, l, o, p; 7, a-c, f, h-j, m-p, s). These species (grant No. 07-04-00540) and partly based possibly belong to separate subgenera. It is on collections of the Zoological Institute of necessary to note that a tentative inclusion RAS, which obtain financial support from in the above-mentioned subgenera is given Rosnauka for UFC no. 2-2.20. for only the species considered here; all the © 2009 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes, Zoosystematica Rossica 18(1): 25-47 A.V. GOROCHOV. STUDY OF GRYLLOMORPHA 27 other species are in need of study of their First of them is distributed in eastern- male genitalia (their subgeneric position is northern part of Mediterranean region: very unclear). from Croatia to Abkhazia (presence of it in Tbilisi and especially in Astrakhan Region is Gryllomorpha (Gryllomorpha) dalmatina in need of examination). Coloration of this (Ocskay, 1832) subspecies is moderately light and distinct- (Figs 1, a, b, c; 2, a-f) ly spotted: yellowish with numerous brown and brownish spots (these spots are not Material studied. Croatia: 1 male, 1 female, very large; Fig. 1, a). Its head is semiglobu- “Trsteno Arboretum [not far from city Du- lar, rather high, with the rostrum between brovnik], Yugoslavia” (ZIAS); 2 nymphs, “Lesina antennal cavities almost equal to scape in [Hvar I.]”, 1904, Rolle (ZISP); 1 male, 1 female, “Dalm. [Dalmatia]” (ZIAS). Ukraine: numerous width, and with the maxillary palpi slen- specimens from different localities in southern der; pronotum is slightly wider than head, part of Crimea (ZISP). Abkhazia, environs of transverse; legs are rather long; hind tibiae city Sukhumi: 3 males, 10-30 Sept.1981, Marko- are with the distal outer spine and dorsal syan (ZISP); 1 female, 10 Oct.1939, Bochkareva outer spur distinctly shorter than nearest (ZISP); 2 nymphs, Aug. – Oct. 1911, Zajtsev spine and spur; hind basitarsus is not wid- (ZISP); 3 nymphs, 11 June 1982, Gorochov ened; shape of male anal and genital plates (ZISP). Georgia: 1 nymph, city Tbilisi, 18 Apr. are as in Figs 2, d, f; male genitalia (Figs 2, 1912, Pastukhova (ZISP). Russia: 1 female, As- trakhan Region, “Kyrgyz st. [step]”, Karuzin & a-c) are with the hind epiphallic processes Satunin (ZISP). Montenegro: 1 male, 2 nymphs, having the rather narrow dorsal apical lobe lake Scadar [Skadarsko], 2 Sept. 1966, Bey- and more or less widened ventral apical lobe Bienko (ZISP); 2 males, 2 females, 8 nymphs, (Fig. 2, c); ovipositor is 1.1-1.2 times as long environs of town Sutomore, 1-2 Sept. 1966, Bey- as hind femur, and with the narrow acute Bienko (ZISP); 2 females, same locality, 27 Sept.
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