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145° 1874-2019 Forewords 7 Acknowledgments 10 Introduction 15 General part 27 28 Groups 28 Morphology of and 29 PEFC promotes Sustainable Forest Management and conservation. Anatomy 30 Phases 38 Reproduction and development 41 © WBA Project - Verona (Italy) Song 44 Gregariousness 45 WBA HANDBOOKS 10 & Crickets of Italy Flight 46 ISSN 1973-7815 Habitats 49 ISBN 978-88-903323-9-5 The endemism proportion in Italian Orthoptera 64 Collecting techniques 68

Editorial Board: Ludivina Barrientos-Lozano, Ciudad Victoria (Mexico), Achille Casale, Sassari (Italy), Checklist 73 Mauro Daccordi, Verona (Italy), Pier Mauro Giachino, Torino (Italy), Laura Guidolin, Padova (Italy), Pictorial keys 89 Roy Kleukers, Leiden (Holland), Bruno Massa, Palermo (Italy), Giovanni Onore, Quito (Ecuador), 99 Giuseppe Bartolomeo Osella, l’Aquila (Italy), Stewart B. Peck, Ottawa (Canada), Fidel Alejandro Roig, Mendoza (Argentina), Jose Maria Salgado Costas, Leon (Spain), Mauro Tretiach, Trieste (Italy), Ensifera 100 Dante Vailati, Brescia (Italy). 100 288 Editor-in-chief Pier Mauro Giachino 304 Managing Editor 312 Gianfranco Caoduro 336 Layout: Jacopo Berlaffa Myrmecophilidae 340 Front cover: Gryllotalpidae 344 Photo: Carmine Iorio Caelifera 348 Back cover: Photo: René Krekels 348 Trydactilidae 360 Printed in Italy 360 Responsible Director: Simone Bellini - Authorization n. 116753 - 08/06/2006 361 Suggested bibliographical citation: 372 Iorio C. et al., 2019. Grasshoppers & Crickets of Italy. A photographic fi eld guide to all the species. Bibliography 549 WBA Handbooks 10, Verona: 1-579. Authors 559 All rights reserved. Reproduction prohibited without permission of the copyright owner. Species index 563 Forewords

I am really pleased to present this new book on Orthoptera of Italy in the double role of Honorary President of the World Biodiversity Association and manag- ing editor of the WBA Handbooks series. My curiosity about orthopterans began in the last seventies when, as biospe- leologist, I started to explore the caves of mountains just north of Verona. I must confess that I was particularly attracted by the troglobitic ground beetles, but for years I collected and bred in the Laboratory of Subterranean Biolo- gy of Verona also cavernicolous grasshoppers of the Troglophilus, rather common in the caves of the Venetian Prealps. However, beyond my personal interests, Orthoptera is one of the most important and interesting Orders of the Class Insecta. Grasshoppers and crickets have a fundamental role in many terrestrial ecosystems and many studies have analyzed their phylogeny, and zoogeography. Moreover, they are object of research in biocontrol and applied entomology for their impact on cultivated areas. In this book all the 382 known taxa of orthopterans of Italy are described; 162 of these are endemic! Unfortunately, as well as for other groups, also orthopter- ans have many species suffering from maximum degree of threat. 15 species of Orthoptera in Italy have been classified by the International Union for Conser- vation of Nature (IUCN) as “Critically Endangered” (CR)! It’s also for this reason that this complete and updated book is very important from a conservation point of view; it allows to recognize the endangered species for planning interventions to safeguard them. In addition to the scientific rigour, I want to emphasize that this new publication is an absolutely innovative tool in the field of nature handbooks. The authors succeeded in realizing a text with a new and appealing graphic design, easy to consult, full of photos of morphological details useful to identify the species also by non-experts. Furthermore, very useful for the field work are the maps of the distribution areas, detailed at provincial level, for each species. Many thanks to all the authors and Jacopo Berlaffa (graphic design) for their wonderful work! I am sure this book will be useful for everyone. For Italian and European orthop- terists, but also for young entomologists who will be able to measure their ability in identifying species, for agricultural technicians and for all nature and entomol- ogy lovers. A book like this should not be missed from their libraries!

Gianfranco Caoduro Honorary President of the WBA

◄ verrucivorus nymph 6 (photo: Roberto Scherini) 7 Why this book?

The recent and long-awaited publication of the book on Orthoptera for the well- known series Fauna d’Italia in 2012 has greatly stimulated new research. This has led to several updates, both in the knowledge of the distribution of the species, the habitats and the nomenclature. This field guide is produced to allow for the above mentioned updates in knowledge. It is however not meant as a substitute, but more as practical support tool for quick reference, in pocket format and full of illustrations. After the description of the general structure of the guide, the aspects related to reproduction, ecology and the mysterious phenomenon of gregariousness, we move on to an overview of the habitats, from alpine to coastal, and caves to the more disturbed localities. For each habitat the Orthoptera fauna is described. Furthermore a chapter is dedicated to the techniques which can be used for different species and habitats. The species section of the manual opens with a checklist, with the status, the red list and the various Italian endemic taxa. For the first time a visual key to the families and subfamilies is presented, which has the advantage of preserving the classic dichotomous key and, at the same time, displaying all the branches of the key in a single page. For each species information is given on morphology, biology, biometrics and distribution in Italy, the latter also illustrated by new distribution maps, flanked by detailed colour images of important identification characters. Genera in which the species are difficult to identify by a photo alone are repre- sented by a photo of the type species, so they can at least be recognised at the genus level. This manual includes publications on Italian Orthoptera dated from 2012 up to today plus a selected bibliography useful to the reader. We sincerely hope that this book will provide a quick and effective help in the identification of the Orthoptera of Italy, and thus arouse the interest of an increas- ing number of naturalists and fans of our beloved grasshoppers.

◄ italicus ♂ 16 (photo: Roberto Scherini) 17 The Orthoptera of the frescoes of Villa di Poppea in Oplontis

The depiction of and plants is very common both in the frescoes and in different architectural elements of the buildings of the ancient Roman city of Pompei, as well in the nearby towns. These inhabited centers were largely buried during the famous eruption of Vesuvius during 79 AD. The archaeological recov- ery of these settlements began as early as the eighteenth century and yielded a mass of artistic and architectural masterpieces unique in the world. In the representa- tions of nature, birds and fish make up most of the subjects, while are very rare. It is therefore striking that in a villa located in the town of Oplontis (today in the town of Torre Annunziata), an ancient residential suburb of Pompei, attributed to Poppea Sabina (30-65 BP), wife of the famous emperor Nero (37-68 AD), the walls of a large portico are decorated on all sides with a simple and elegant iconographic system, which shows insects and other animals as the most relevant decorative elements. The Portico is the one that surrounds the swimming pool and the visible layout today is dated to the middle of the first century AD. The insects depicted on the walls are all Orthoptera, regularly arranged along the exiles and elegant spiral-wound or arched tendrils along simple vertical and hori- zontal lines that divide the walls into squares. The background of the decoration is monochrome and, apart from the lines and the tendrils, few other architectural elements are highlighted. It is a decoration similar to the fourth Pompeian style of painting. What strikes us is not only the quantity of painted orthopterans, but also the lifelikeness of these illustrations. While the decoration of the walls is practi- cally monochromatic, each single Orthoptera is painted using different colors, so as to give a vivid image of these insects, as can be observed in the best preserved illustrations. The frescoes depict different species, among which it is possible to identify Tettigonia viridissima, aegyptium, a and other Ensifera and Caelifera.

◀ A corner of the Portico that surrounds the swimming pool of the Villa di Poppea Sabina in Oplontis, with the Orthoptera frescoes. ▶ One of the Orthoptera depicted in the Villa di Poppea Sabina in Oplontis, clearly a female of an Ensifera and probably another Tettigonia viridissima (photo: Carmine Iorio).

18 19 Orthoptera Morphology of Ensifera Top drawing The Orthoptera form a large order, with more than 20,000 species world- Morphology of Caelifera wide. In Europe about 1100 species are known. The number of species in Italy Bottom drawing is 350, many of which are endemic. They are commonly called grasshoppers, but the order comprises many groups, like crickets, bush-crickets, cave-crick- ets, groundhoppers and ‘true’ grasshoppers. Orthoptera are mostly rather large insects, with enlarged hind legs for jumping and many species have a stridulato- 1 ry apparatus for song production. Groups

Two major groups can be distinguished, the suborders Ensifera and Caelifera. The Ensifera have antennae longer than the body, divided in many segments (up to 500). In the singing species the song is produced by rubbing the fore wings together. The tympanum is situated in the front tibiae. The females have a prolonged ovipositor. The Caelifera have rather short antennae, with at most 30 segments. The songs are produced by rubbing the hind legs against the wings. The tympanum is situated in the side of the abdomen. The ovipositor consists of a set of short valves.

2

1. grisea ♀ decipiens, ♂ on the left and ♀ on the right (photo: Roberto Scherini). 2. dorsatus ♂

28 29 Anatomy Orthoptera head Fore wing veins of Orthoptera Front, top and side views

2 3

4

5

1

1. thalassinus ♀ 2. ♀ 3. Tettigonia cantans ♂ 4. dorsatus ♀ 6 5. ♀ 6. Paracinema tricolor ♂

30 31 Phases

Orthoptera are notorious for the swarms they can form. These species are called and can be found in very different groups of Caelifera. Locusts have a solitary phase and a gregarious phase. The nymphs develop the gregar- ious phase when the population is very dense. In Europe this is known from Locusta migratoria and maroccanus, but also in some bush-crickets, like Polysarcus denticauda and ocskayi. In bush-crickets the gregari- ous specimens are mostly melanic (black).

▲ Locusta migratoria, solitary phase (top photo) and gregarious phase (bottom photo). ▶ Barbitistes vicetinus, melanic (top photo) and normal form (bottom photo) (photo: Roberto Scherini).

38 39 Reproduction and Development

The reproduction behaviour in Orthoptera is especially interesting. The males produce songs which attracts the females. During mating the males of bush-crickets attaches a spermatophore to the genital opening of the female. The spermatophore contains the small sperm ampul and a large gelatinous mass, called the spermatophylax. The spermatophylax serves as a nuptial gift and is eaten by the female, allowing time for the sperm to be transferred into the female. In the Podismini and Pamphagidae the male mates with the female for a long time, ensuring the fertilisation of the eggs with his own sperm. Males of the Podismini don’t sing, but they do make species specific movements when in copula. Saga pedo is the only parthenogenetic species in Europe.

Ensifera lay their eggs individually or in batches, in the ground, plants or wood. Caelifera lay the eggs in or on the ground. The eggs are placed in batches, covered with a spongy case, forming an egg pod. The mole-crickets live in burrows and the eggs are placed in a special chamber. The mother takes care of the eggs and young nymphs, the only example of primitive brood care in the European species.

► top photo: gregaria nymph (photo: Roberto Scherini); bottom photo: Schistocerca gregaria adult (photo: Roberto Scherini). ◄ top photo: declivus mating (photo: Roberto Scherini); bottom photo: Anonconotus occidentalis mating (photo: Christian Roesti).

40 41 Submontane habitats (200-800 m) are similar to the montane habitats, but with more cultivated lands. These habitats are also very Orthoptera-rich. Many of the most thermophilic species live here. The most common species of open habitats are: lilifolia, boscii, elegans, grisea, Tessellana tessellata tessellata, griseoaptera, P. fallax, P. littoralis littoralis, Saga pedo, campestris, Melanogryllus desertus, Gryl- lotalpa gryllotalpa, subulata, T. tenuicornis, Micropodisma salamandra, giornae, , C. siciliae, ungarica mediterranea, rufipes, rufus, dorsatus, Chor- thippus brunneus brunneus, C. mollis ignifer and . Barbi- tistes vicetinus, scutata, meridionale, M. thalassinum and sylvestris live in broad-leaved forests. Many species, mostly Ensifera, typically live in transition zones between habitats, like forest edges: Phanerop- tera nana nana, P. falcata, modestior, , Leptophyes laticauda, Poecilimon ornatus, Tettigonia viridissima, T. cantans, Eupholidoptera chabrieri, E. schmidti, Yersinella raymondii, Pachytrachis gracilis, P. striolatus, Rhacocleis germanica, Ephippiger vicheti, pellucens pellucens, Odon- topodisma fallax and O. schmidti.

top photo: Gryllus campestris ♂; bottom photo: ♀ photo: Paolo Fontana (photo: Roberto Scherini).

52 53 Inland marshlands were once quite common, but they have been strongly reduced by agricultural use. The remnants still hold populations of valuable species: variegata, caerulans caerulans, parapleu- rus, grossum and Roeseliana roeselii.

top photo: Stethophyma grossum, ♀ on the left and ♂ on the right; bottom photo: Mecostethus parapleurus ♀ photo: Roberto Scherini (photo: Roberto Scherini).

56 57 Updated checklist of the 26. Poecilimon elegans Brunner, 1878 – LC (North-East Italy) Italian Orthoptera 27. Poecilimon laevissimus (Fischer, 1854) – LC (Sicily) 28. Poecilimon ornatus (Schmidt, 1850) – LC (North-East Italy) 29. Poecilimon superbus (Fischer, 1854) – LC, E (Italian peninsula) The complete scientific name, the category assigned by the IUCN Red List, the 30. Poecilimon thoracicus (Fieber, 1853) – LC (Carso Goriziano) possible endemicity (E) and the distribution in Italy (in brackets) are indicated 31. Polysarcus denticauda (Charpentier, 1825) – LC (Alps and Central-North Apennines) for each species and subspecies. Endemic species and subspecies are highlight- 32. A. Costa, 1860 – LC (Italian peninsula and Sicily) ed in bold while endemic genera are underlined. Species and genera exclusively 33. (De Geer, 1773) – LC (Italian peninsula) alpine but also present in other countries, are considered as endemic. In total in 34. Cyrtaspis scutata (Charpentier, 1825) – LC (Italian peninsula, Sicily and Sardinia) Italy there are 382 taxa, of which 162 are to be considered endemic (42.40%). In 35. Conocephalus (Conocephalus) conocephalus (Linnaeus, 1767) – LC (Italian peninsula, Italy the following genera are endemic: Sardoplatycleis, Acroneuroptila, Italopo- Sicily and Sardinia) 36. Conocephalus (Anisoptera) dorsalis dorsalis (Latreille, 1804) – LC (Central-North Italy) disma, Epipodisma, Nadigella, Pseudoprumna, Chorthopodisma and Italohippus. 37. Conocephalus (Anisoptera) fuscus (Fabricius, 1793) – LC (Italian peninsula, Sicily and There is also one endemic subgenus, namely Italoptila. Sardinia) 38. Ruspolia nitidula (Scopoli, 1786) – LC (Italian peninsula, Sicily and Sardinia) 39. Tettigonia cantans (Fuessly, 1775) – LC (Italian peninsula and Sardinia) 40. Tettigonia caudata caudata (Charpentier, 1854) – LC (North-East Italy) Tettigoniidae 41. Tettigonia longispina Ingrisch, 1983 – CR, E (Sardinia) 42. Tettigonia silana Capra, 1936 – DD, E (Calabria) 1. falcata (Poda, 1761) – LC (North and Gargano-Apulia) 43. Tettigonia viridissima (Linnaeus, 1758) – LC (Italian peninsula, Sicily and Sardinia) 2. Fieber, 1853 – LC (Italian peninsula, Sicily and Sardinia) 44. Decticus albifrons (Fabricius, 1775) – LC (Italian peninsula, Sicily and Sardinia) 3. Tylopsis lilifolia (Fabricius, 1793) – LC (Italian peninsula, Sicily and Sardinia) 45. Decticus aprutianus Capra, 1936 – LC, E (Apennines) 4. Acrometopa italica Ramme, 1927 – LC, E (Italian peninsula, Sicily and Sardinia) 46. Decticus loudoni Ramme, 1933 – VU, E (Apulia) 5. Acrometopa macropoda (Burmeister, 1838) – LC (from Friuli Venezia Giulia to Apulia) 47. Decticus verrucivorus verrucivorus (Linnaeus, 1758) – LC (Central-North Italy, Sardinia) 6. Isophya modestior Brunner, 1882 – LC (Friuli, Veneto , Lombardia and Trentino) 48. affinis Fieber, 1853 – LC (Italian peninsula and Sicily) 7. Barbitistes alpinus Fruhstorfer, 1920 – LC (Alps and North Apennines) 49. albopunctata (Goeze, 1778) – LC (North-West Italy) 8. (Yersin, 1854) – LC (Parco Naz. Gran Paradiso in Piedmont) 50. Platycleis concii Galvagni, 1959 – LC, E (Sicily) 9. Barbitistes ocskayi Charpentier, 1850 – LC (Carso in Friuli Venezia Giulia) 51. Platycleis escalerai escalerai Bolivar, 1899 – LC (Central-South Italy) 10. Barbitistes serricauda (Fabricius, 1794) – LC (North-East Italy and North Apennines) 52. Platycleis falx laticauda Brunner, 1882 – VU (South Italy and Sicily) 11. Barbitistes vicetinus Galvagni et Fontana, 1993 – NT, E (Veneto and Trentino) 53. Platycleis grisea grisea (Fabricius, 1781) – LC (Italian peninsula, Sicily and Sardinia) 12. Barbitistes yersini Brunner, 1878 – LC (Friuli Venezia Giulia and Abruzzo) 54. Platycleis intermedia intermedia (Serville, 1839) – LC (Italian peninsula, Sicily and Sardinia) 13. ippolitoi La Greca, 1948 – LC, E (Calabria and Sicily) 55. Platycleis ragusai Ramme, 1927 – LC, E (Sicily) 14. Metaplastes pulchripennis (A. Costa, 1863) – LC (Italian peninsula and Sicily) 56. Platycleis romana Ramme, 1927 – LC (Italian peninsula) 15. Andreiniimon nuptialis (Karny, 1918) – VU (Carso Triestino, Umbria and Marche) 57. Platycleis sabulosa Azam, 1901 – LC (South Italy, Sicily and Sardinia) 16. (Kollar, 1833) – LC (Trentino Alto Adige) 58. Sardoplatycleis galvagnii (Fontana, Buzzetti et Odé, 2011) – CR, E (Sardinia) 17. Leptophyes boscii Fieber, 1853 – LC (Alps and North Apennines) 59. Tessellana lagrecai Messina, 1978 – VU, E (Sicily) 18. Leptophyes calabra Kleukers, Odé et Fontana, 2010 – CR, E (Calabria) 60. Tessellana nigrosignata (A. Costa, 1863) – EN, E (South Italy) 19. Leptophyes laticauda (Frivaldsky, 1867) – LC (Italian peninsula) 61. Tessellana tessellata tessellata (Charpentier, 1825) – LC (Italian peninsula, Sicily and 20. Leptophyes punctatissima (Bosc, 1792) – LC (Italian peninsula and Sardinia) Sardinia) 21. Leptophyes sicula Kleukers, Odé et Fontana, 2010 – LC, E (Sicily) 62. Incertana drepanensis (Massa, Fontana et Buzzetti, 2006) – CR, E (Sicily) 22. arcuata Messina, 1981 – LC, E (Sicily) 63. Montana montana montana (Kollar, 1833) – LC (North Italy) 23. Odontura borrei Bolivar, 1878 – LC (Lampedusa Is.) 64. Montana stricta (Zeller, 1849) – LC (Italian peninsula) 24. Odontura calaritana A. Costa, 1883 – LC, E (Sardinia) 65. brachyptera (Linnaeus, 1761) – LC (North-East Italy) 25. Odontura stenoxypha (Fieber, 1853) – LC (Sicily) 66. Metrioptera caprai caprai Baccetti, 1956 – VU, E (Central Apennines)

74 75 151. Dolichopoda azami septentrionalis Baccetti et Capra, 1959 – LC, E (Tuscany) 190. bordigalensis bordigalensis (Latreille, 1804) – LC (Italian peninsula, 152. Dolichopoda baccettii Capra, 1957 – VU, E (Mt. Argentario, Tuscany) Sicily and Sardinia) 153. Dolichopoda capreensis Capra, 1968 – VU, E (Capri Is.) 191. Grylloderes brunneri (Riggio, 1888) – NT (Sicily) 154. Dolichopoda geniculata geniculata (O.G. Costa, 1836) – LC, E (South Italy) 192. Oecanthus dulcisonans Gorochov, 1993 – LC (Italian peninsula, Sicily and Sardinia) 155. Dolichopoda geniculata pontiana Capra, 1967 – LC, E (Ponziane Is., Latium) 193. Oecanthus pellucens pellucens (Scopoli, 1763) – LC (Italian peninsula, Sicily and Sardinia) 156. Dolichopoda laetitiae laetitiae Minozzi, 1920 – LC, E (Central Italy) 157. Dolichopoda laetitiae etrusca Baccetti et Capra, 1959 – LC, E (Central Italy) Mogoplistidae 158. Dolichopoda muceddai Rampini et Di Russo, 2005 – VU, E (Sardinia) 194. Mogoplistes brunneus Serville, 1839 – LC (Italian peninsula, Sicily and Sardinia) 159. Dolichopoda palpata (Sulzer, 1776) – DD, E (Calabria and Sicily) 195. Paramogoplistes novaki (Krauss, 1888) – DD (few localities in Sardinia and Tyrrhenian 160. Dolichopoda schiavazzii schiavazzii Capra, 1934 – LC, E (Tuscany coast) coast of Italy) 161. Dolichopoda schiavazzii caprai Lanza, 1954 – LC, E (Tuscany) 196. Arachnocephalus vestitus A. Costa, 1855 – LC (Italian peninsula, Sicily and Sardinia) 162. Troglophilus (Troglophilus) andreinii andreinii Capra, 1927 – LC, E (South Italy) 197. squamiger (Fischer, 1853) – LC (Italian peninsula, Sicily and Sardinia) 163. Troglophilus (Troglophilus) andreinii hydruntinus La Greca, 1961 – LC, E (Apulia) 164. Troglophilus (Troglophilus) cavicola (Kollar, 1833) – LC (North-East Italy) 165. Troglophilus (Paratroglophilus) neglectus neglectus Krauss, 1879 – LC (North-East Italy) Myrmecophilidae 166. Diestrammena () asynamora (Adelung, 1902) – NA (Italian peninsula and 198. (Myrmecophilus) acervorum (Panzer, 1799) – LC (North Italy and Sicily) Sicily, introduced) 199. Myrmecophilus (Myrmecophilus) aequispina Chopard, 1923 – LC (North-West Italy) 200. Myrmecophilus (Myrmecophilus) baronii Baccetti, 1966 – NT (Pantelleria Is. and Malta) Gryllidae 201. Myrmecophilus (Myrmecophilus) fuscus Stalling, 2013 – LC (Sicily, other than and Malta) 167. sylvestris (Bosc, 1792) – LC (Central-North Italy, Sardinia) 202. Myrmecophilus (Myrmecophilus) myrmecophilus (Savi, 1819) – LC (Italian peninsula, 168. heydenii heydenii (Fischer, 1853) – LC (Italian peninsula, Sicily and Sardinia) Sicily and Sardinia) 169. Pteronemobius lineolatus (Brullé, 1835) – LC (North-West Italy) 203. Myrmecophilus (Myrmophilina) ochraceus (Fischer, 1854) – LC (South Italy, Sicily and 170. Stenonemobius gracilis (Jakovleff, 1871) – DD (Italian peninsula and Sicily) Sardinia) 171. Trigonidium cicindeloides Rambur, 1839 – LC (Italian peninsula, Sicily and Sardinia) 172. Natula averni (A. Costa, 1855) – VU (Italian peninsula, Sicily and Sardinia) 173. dalmatina dalmatina (Ocskay, 1832) – LC (Italian peninsula, Sicily and Gryllotalpidae Sardinia) 204. Gryllotalpa cossyrensis Baccetti et Capra, 1978 – VU, E (Pantelleria Is.) 174. schmidti Gorochov, 1996 – LC, E (Latium) 205. Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa (Linnaeus, 1758) – LC (Central-North Italy) 175. Gryllomorpha (Gryllomorphella) uclensis Pantel, 1890 – LC (Italian peninsula, Sicily and Sardinia) 206. Gryllotalpa octodecim Baccetti et Capra, 1978 – DD, E (North-West Italy and Sardinia) 176. Petaloptila (Italoptila) andreinii Capra, 1937 – LC, E (Italian peninsula) 207. Gryllotalpa quindecim Baccetti et Capra, 1978 – LC, E (South Italy and Sicily) 177. Petaloptila (Petaloptila) clauseri (Schmidt, 1991) – DD, E (North Italy) 208. Gryllotalpa sedecim Baccetti et Capra, 1978 – LC, E (North-West Italy and Sardinia) 178. Petaloptila (Petaloptila) sbordonii (Baccetti, 1979) – DD, E (Calabria) 209. Gryllotalpa septemdecimchromosomica Ortiz, 1958 – DD (Central and North-West Italy) 179. Acroneuroptila puddui Cadeddu, 1970 – VU, E (Sardinia) 210. Gryllotalpa viginti Baccetti et Capra, 1978 – DD, E (Liguria) 180. Acroneuroptila sardoa Baccetti, 1960 – VU, E (Sardinia) 211. Gryllotalpa vigintiunum Baccetti, 1991 – DD, E (Sardinia) 181. Gryllus bimaculatus De Geer, 1773 – LC (Italian peninsula, Sicily and Sardinia) 182. Gryllus campestris Linnaeus, 1758 – LC (Italian peninsula, Sicily and Sardinia) Tetrigidae 183. Brachytrupes megacephalus (Lefèvre, 1827) – VU (Sicily and Sardinia) 184. Melanogryllus desertus desertus (Pallas, 1771) – LC (Italian peninsula and Sicily) 212. meridionalis (Rambur, 1838) – LC (Italian peninsula, Sicily and Sardinia) 185. Acheta domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758) – LC (Italian peninsula, Sicily and Sardinia) 213. Tetrix bipunctata bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) – LC (North Italy) 186. Acheta gossypii O.G. Costa, 1855 – DD (Apulia) 214. Tetrix bipunctata kraussi (Saulcy, 1888) – LC (Italian peninsula, Sicily and Sardinia) 187. Acheta hispanicus Rambur, 1839 – LC (South Italy and Sicily) 215. Tetrix bolivari (Saulcy, 1901) – LC (North-East and South Italy) 188. algirius algirius (Saussure, 1877) – LC (Sicily) 216. (Bolivar, 1887) – LC (Italian peninsula, Sicily and Sardinia) 189. Svercus palmetorum palmetorum (Krauss, 1902) – NT (Calabria, Sicily, Sardinia) 217. Tetrix depressa (Brisout de Barneville, 1848) – LC (Italian peninsula, Sicily and Sardinia) 228. (Linnaeus, 1758) – LC (Italian peninsula, Sicily and Sardinia)

78 79 365. Chorthippus (Glyptobothrus) biguttulus biguttulus (Linnaeus, 1758) – LC (North Italy) 366. Chorthippus (Glyptobothrus) bornhalmi Harz, 1971 – LC (Carso Triestino) 367. Chorthippus (Glyptobothrus) brunneus brunneus (Thunberg, 1815) – LC (Italian peninsula and Sardinia) 368. Chorthippus (Glyptobothrus) brunneus raggei (La Greca, Di Mauro, Viglianisi et Monello, 2000) – LC, E (Sicily) 369. Chorthippus (Glyptobothrus) cialancensis Nadig, 1986 – LC, E (North-West Alps) 370. Chorthippus (Glyptobothrus) eisentrauti Ramme, 1931 – LC (North Italy) 371. Chorthippus (Glyptobothrus) messinai (La Greca, Di Mauro, Viglianisi et Monello, 2000) – LC, E (Sicily) 372. Chorthippus (Glyptobothrus) mollis ignifer Ramme, 1923 – LC, E (North Alps) 373. Chorthippus (Glyptobothrus) pullus (Philippi, 1830) – LC (North Italy) 374. Chorthippus (Glyptobothrus) rubratibialis Schmidt, 1978 – LC, E (Italian peninsula) 375. Chorthippus (Glyptobothrus) saulcyi daimei (Azam, 1893) – LC, E (North-West Alps) 376. Chorthippus (Glyptobothrus) trinacriae (La Greca, Di Mauro, Viglianisi et Monello, 2000) – LC, E (Sicily) 377. Chorthippus (Glyptobothrus) vagans vagans (Eversmann, 1848) – LC (Italian peninsula) 378. Italohippus albicornis (La Greca, 1948) – EN, E (Central Apennines) 379. Italohippus modestus (Ebner, 1915) – VU, E (Central Apennines) 380. Italohippus monticola (Ebner, 1915) – EN, E (Central Apennines) 381. Euchorthippus albolineatus siculus Ramme, 1927 – LC, E (Sicily) 382. Euchorthippus declivus (Brisout, 1848) – LC (Italian peninsula and Sardinia) 383. Euchorthippus sardous Nadig in Nadig et Nadig, 1933 – LC, E (Sardinia) 384. Euchorthippus elegantulus Zeuner, 1940 – LC (Liguria)

* Roeseliana azami lives only in France and a review of this genus is under way. ** charpentieri, present in Spain and France, was confused in Italy with another species from Apulia, at present called O. cynthiae.

Ruspolia nitidula ▶ (photo: Roberto Scherini)

84 85 90 91 brachyptera ♂ ▶ (photo: Roberto Scherini). 94 95 1. 3. Phaneroptera Tylopsis falcata lilifolia (Poda, 1761) TETTIGONIIDAE, (Fabricius, 1793) TETTIGONIIDAE, PHANEROPTERINAE P. falcata is a small green bush-cricket, with long fore wings and even longer T. lilifolia is a small green bush-cricket, with long fore wings and even longer hind wings. It can be distinguished from T. lilifolia by the shape of the side lobes hind wings. The antennae are stiff and whitish. It can be distinguished from of the pronotum and tympanum and from P. nana by the shape of the side lobes both Phaneroptera species by the shape of the side lobes of the pronotum, elon- of the pronotum, the male cerci and subgenital plate and ovipositor. In Italy it gate oval eyes and closed tympanum. Common in the whole of Italy, Sardinia is quite rare, occurring only in the north and in Gargano (Puglia). Records from and Sicily included. It lives on shrubs and tall herbs in all kinds of grasslands Lazio are incorrect. It lives in forest edges and clearings in trees, bushes and high and anthropogenic habitats. T. lilifolia is adult in late summer and autumn and herbs. P. falcata is adult in late summer and autumn and can best be recorded can best be recorded by sweepnetting tall herbs and shrubs. The song consists by beating branches of deciduous trees and sweepnetting tall herbs and shrubs. of short groups of about 3 (1-5) short ticks (syllables). These groups are repeat- P. falcata sings mainly in the evening and the night. The song consists of series ed with intervals about 10 s up to more than a minute. The song is mainly of more or less regularly repeated short “zb”-sounds (syllables). Repetition rate produced during the day. at maximum is about 1/s. The syllables are sometimes grouped in well-defined ♂ TL: 12.5-17 mm; P: 3-4.5 mm; FW: 17.5-22 mm; HW: 23.5-30 mm; HF: 20.5-27 mm; echemes of about 1-3 s. ♀ TL: 13-21 mm; P: 2.8-5 mm; FW: 20-24 mm; HW: 26-32 mm; HF: 22-30 mm; O: 4.5-6 mm. ♂ TL: 12-17 mm; P: 3.2-4.5 mm; FW: 19-23 mm; HW: 27-32 mm; HF: 17.5-21 mm ♀ OL: 15-18 mm; P: 3.3-4.5 mm; FW: 20-24.3 mm; HW: 26.5-31.5 mm; HF: 18-23.7 mm; O: 4.5-5.5 mm.

2. Phaneroptera nana Fieber, 1853 TETTIGONIIDAE, PHANEROPTERINAE P. nana is a small green bush-cricket, with long fore wings and even longer hind wings. It can be distinguished from T. lilifolia by the shape of the side lobes of the pronotum and tympanum and from P. falcata by the shape of the side lobes of the pronotum, the male cerci and subgenital plate and ovipositor. Common in the whole of Italy, Sardinia and Sicily included. It lives in all kinds of grasslands and light forests but can also be found in city gardens. When occurring in high numbers it can cause damage in for example vines and other fruits, but it also preys on harmful insects. P. nana is adult in late summer and autumn and can best be recorded by beating branches of deciduous trees and sweepnetting tall herbs and shrubs. It sings mainly in the evening and the night. The song consists of series of irregularly repeated short sounds of different character. High-pitched clicks (syllables) are mixed with short “zb”-sounds (syllables). The latter resemble the sounds of P. falcata. Syllables seem never to be grouped in echemes. ♂ TL: 12-15 mm; P: 3-4 mm; FW: 17-21 mm; HW: 23-29.5 mm; HF: 14.5-18 mm; ♀ TL: 15-18 mm; P: 3.2-4.1 mm; FW: 20-23 mm; HW: 26-31.5 mm; HF: 16.5-20.5 mm; O: 4.5-5.7 mm. Tylopsis lilifolia ♂ (photo: Roberto Scherini)

100 101 ♂ photo: Florin Rutschmann

Phaneroptera nana ♀ photo: Roberto Scherini

Tylopsis lilifolia ♂ photo: Roberto Scherini

102 103 10. 12. Barbitistes Barbitistes serricauda yersini (Fabricius, 1794) TETTIGONIIDAE, PHANEROPTERINAE Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 TETTIGONIIDAE, PHANEROPTERINAE B. serricauda is a medium-sized, mostly green bush-cricket, with reddish B. yersini is a medium-sized, variably coloured bush-cricket, with reddish s-shaped cerci and short reddish yellow fore wings. See B. alpinus for the differ- s-shaped cerci and short reddish yellow fore wings. See B. alpinus for the differ- ences between Barbitistes and related genera and in between Barbitistes species. ences between Barbitistes and related genera and in between Barbitistes species. It is very similar to B. alpinus, which differs by the shape of the male cerci. In The most similar species is B. ocskayi, in which the male has a typical nose- Italy known only from the pre-alpine parts of the northeastern regions, and shaped process on the subgenital plate. In Italy known only from the Carso some records in the northern Apennines. It lives lower than B. alpinus (up until Triestino (Friuli-Venezia Giulia) and Abruzzo, where it lives in open forests 2000 m), but sometimes they are found together. B. serricauda lives in trees and and natural grasslands, always in trees and shrubs. The adults can be found bushes in forest margins. Adults can be found in July and August, the best meth- from May to July and can best be recorded by listening to the song (with or ods being beating branches of deciduous trees (especially and hornbeam) without a batdetector), browsing leaves and by beating branches of deciduous and listening to the song with a batdetector. The song is produced mainly in the trees and shrubs (e.g. Spartium junceum, Pistacia lentiscus, Fraxinus sp., Ostrya evening and night. It consists of a sequence of quiet ticks (syllables), lasting for carpinifolia, Fagus sylvatica). The song is produced mainly in the evening and about 3-5 s. Ticks are grouped in 3-5 series of 1-4. Sequences are separated by night. It consists of a sequence of quiet ticks (syllables), lasting for about 1-2 s. intervals of about 5 s or more (ultrasonic). Ticks are grouped in 3-5 series of 3-5 syllables. A single tick follows each series ♂ TL: 14.5-19.5 mm; P: 3.5-4.5 mm; FW: 3.5-4.5 mm; HF: 14.5-16.5 mm; at a distance of about 50 ms. Sequences are separated by intervals of about 5 s ♀ TL: 16-25 mm; P: 4-4.5 mm; FW: 1.5-2.5 mm; HF: 16-17.5 mm; O: 8-10.5 mm. or more (ultrasonic). TL: 20-27 mm; P: 4-6 mm; FW: 3.5-5 mm; HF: 16-23 mm; 11. ♂ TL: 18-29 mm; P: 5-6.5 mm; FW: 2-2.5 mm; HF: 17.5-22 mm; O: 11-14 mm. Barbitistes ♀ vicetinus Galvagni et Fontana, 1993 TETTIGONIIDAE, PHANEROPTERINAE B. vicetinus is a medium-sized, variably coloured bush-cricket, with reddish s-shaped cerci and short reddish yellow fore wings. See B. alpinus for the differ- ences between Barbitistes and related genera and in between Barbitistes species. The most similar species is B. constrictus (not in Italy) which has differently formed male cerci and a different song. Italian endemic, the range being confined to the pre-alps of Veneto and Trentino. B. vicetinus lives in trees in open forests and can sometimes cause damage in crops, especially viticulture. Adults can be found in early summer. The best methods are beating branches of deciduous trees (especially hornbeam and elm) and listening to the song with a batdetector. The song is produced mainly in the evening and night. It consists of a sequence of quiet ticks (syllables), lasting for about 8-25 s. Ticks are grouped in series of 10-25, with the exception of the last group, that usually only consists of 1-2 ticks. Sequences are separated by intervals of about 10 s or more (ultrasonic). ♂ TL: 18.2-23 mm; P: 3.3-3.4 mm; FW: 4.3-5 mm; HF: 15-17.5 mm; TL: 21-25 mm; P: 5 mm; FW: 2.3-2.8 mm; HF: 18-18.3 mm; O: 10-11 mm. ♀ Barbitistes vicetinus ♀ (photo: Roberto Scherini).

112 113 Barbitistes serricauda ♂ photo: Florin Rutschmann

Barbitistes vicetinus ♂ photo: Roberto Scherini

Barbitistes yersini ♂ photo: Paolo Fontana

114 115 41. 43. Tettigonia Tettigonia longispina viridissima Ingrisch, 1983 TETTIGONIIDAE, (Linnaeus, 1758) TETTIGONIIDAE, TETTIGONIINAE T. longispina is a large, green bush-cricket, with long wings, reaching clearly T. viridissima is a large, green bush-cricket, with long wings, reaching clearly beyond the tip of the abdomen. It can be distinguished from T. caudata by beyond the tip of the abdomen. It can be distinguished from T. caudata by the the absence of black spines on the hind femur and from both T. caudata and absence of black spots at the base of the spines on the hind femur and from T. viridissima by the more robust inner spine of the male cercus. Furthermore T. longispina by shorter inner spine of the male cercus. Furthermore the song is the song is different in these three species. Italian endemic, known only from different in these three species. T. viridissima is widespread and common in the the Gennargentu mountains in Sardinia. It lives high in trees and on shrubs whole of Italy. It lives in all kinds of habitats, as long as high and dense vegeta- of Erica arborea in the mountains, in the lower areas it is displaced by T. virid- tion is present, from sea level up to the mountains. It sometimes occurs togeth- issima. The adults can be found in summer, the best recording method being er with T. cantans and T. silana. The adults can be found in summer, the best listening to the loud song. The insects are hard to catch. The song very much recording method being listening to the loud song. Like T. cantans, this species resembles that of T. viridissima. It is a very loud continuous rattling sound. sings in the afternoon, evening and night. The song is a very loud continuous Every element of the song (echeme) consists of two syllables that give a special rattling sound. Every element of the song (echeme) consists of two syllables that quality to the rhythm of the song. The wing movement during singing is faster give a special quality to the rhythm of the song. and the distance between echemes is shorter than in T. viridissima. ♂ TL: 28-34 mm; P: 6-9 mm; FW: 34-47.5 mm; HF: 22-28 mm; ♂ TL: 25-26 mm; P: 6-6.5 mm; FW: 33-35 mm; HF: 21 mm; ♀ TL: 27.5-38 mm; P: 8-9 mm; FW: 43-54 mm; HF: 25-29.5 mm; O: 23.5-32.5 mm. ♀ TL: 26-28 mm; P: 7 mm; FW: 36 mm; HF: 24 mm; O: 25-26 mm.

42. Tettigonia silana Capra, 1936 TETTIGONIIDAE, TETTIGONIINAE T. silana is a large, green bush-cricket, with medium-sized wings, reaching the tip of the abdomen. It can be distinguished from T. cantans, the only other relatively short-winged Tettigonia, by the song, shape of the male cerci, supra- anal plate and genitalia and the female subgenital plate. Italian endemic, known only from the Sila mountains in Calabria. It lives in alpine grasslands and forest edges, on and in prickly bushes and herbs. The adults can be found in summer. The best recording method is listening to the loud song. The song can be heard both day and night. It consists of a long more or less regular repetition of sibi- lant sounds (echemes) repeated every 0.7-1.2 s. Echemes consist of about 10-22 equally loud syllables. ♂ TL: 28-31 mm; P: 7-7.5 mm; FW: 29-30.2 mm; HF: 23.5-25 mm; ♀ TL: 28.5-31.5 mm; P: 7-8 mm; FW: 30-30.5 mm; HF: 24-25 mm; O: 28-30.5 mm.

Tettigonia viridissima ♀ (photo: Roberto Scherini).

152 153 44. 46. Decticus Decticus albifrons loudoni (Fabricius, 1775) TETTIGONIIDAE, TETTIGONIINAE Ramme, 1933 TETTIGONIIDAE, TETTIGONIINAE D. albifrons is a large, big-headed bush-cricket, mostly brown with many light D. loudoni is a large, mostly green coloured bush-cricket. The wings are rather patches. It can be distinguished from the other Italian Decticus species by the short, not reaching the tip of the abdomen. It is most similar to D. verrucivorus very long wings, male genitalia, male cercus with the inner spine at the base (and and D. aprutianus from which it differs by the larger size, male genitalia, rather not in the middle) and song. Widespread and common in the whole of Italy, also straight ovipositor and song. Many authors consider this taxon a synonym of on many small islands. It lives in agricultural fields, dunes, wasteland, grasslands D. verrucivorus, but the morphology and bioacustics merit a separate species and other open warm habitats with high vegetation. It is found mostly at sealev- status (Fontana et al., 1999). Italian endemic, known only from Puglia, where el, but can occur up to 1700 m. It has been reported to occur in high densities it is a typical inhabitant of the Murge, the very hot and dry grasslands with a (sometimes even forming small swarms), causing severe damage to crops, espe- steppe vegetation and alternating agricultural fields and pastures. The adults cially grains. The adults can be found in summer, the best recording method can be found in summer and the best recording method is listening to the loud being listening to the loud song. This species sings during the day and in the song. The species can be heard in the morning and the early afternoon. The evening. The song consists of sharp loud single ticks (syllables), with a certain calling song can be described as a long sequence of echemes. When a male resemblance to chirps of a bird. Ticks are repeated more or less regularly with a starts singing, echemes are well separated, but the repetition rate is gradually repetition rate between 2-10/s, typically about 5/s. increased up to 4-8 echemes/s. A sequence like this usually lasts for several ♂ TL: 29-41 mm; P: 8.5-10 mm; FW: 34.5-48 mm; HF: 31-41 mm; minutes. The echemes, lasting about 30-200 ms, vary greatly in the number of ♀ TL: 32-39 mm; P: 8-11 mm; FW: 44-60 mm; HF: 36-48.5 mm; O: 18-27.5 mm. syllables they contain, about 4-10. Syllables are always grouped two by two. ♂ TL: 33-37 mm; P: 8.9-11.3 mm; FW: 17.5-22.5 mm; HF: 31.7-38 mm; 45. ♀ TL: 35-47 mm; P: 9.8-12.8 mm; FW: 18-23 mm; HF: 33-42 mm; O: 19-24.5 mm. Decticus aprutianus Capra, 1936 TETTIGONIIDAE, TETTIGONIINAE D. aprutianus is a large, mostly green coloured bush-cricket. The wings are rather short, not reaching the tip of the abdomen. It is most similar to D. verrucivorus which has wings which mostly reach the tip of the abdomen. Furthermore the song is different. D. aprutianus is an Italian endemic species from the south, most records from Abruzzo. It lives between 1200-2300 m in alpine grasslands and open areas in forest where carpets of , Galega offici- nalis and Picris hieracioides occur. The adults can be found in August and Septem- ber. The best recording method is listening to the loud song. It has a loud song that is produced during the day. It consists of a sequence of sharp “zrrt”-sounds (echemes), often lasting for minutes. Characteristic is the increasing echeme repe- tition rate during a sequence, starting with isolated echemes, gradually increasing to about 9 echemes/s. Every echeme consists of two louder elements (syllables). ♂ TL: 24 mm; P: 7.6 mm; FW: 17-22 mm; HF: 25 mm; ♀ TL: 28 mm; P: 7.5-8.3 mm; FW: 19-21 mm; HF: 25-28.5 mm; O: 19 mm.

Decticus albifrons ♂ (photo: Roberto Scherini).

156 157 Decticus albifrons ♀ photo: Roberto Scherini

Decticus aprutianus ♀ photo: Paolo Fontana

Decticus loudoni ♂ photo: Paolo Fontana

158 159 Anonconotus alpinus ♀ (photo: Christian Roesti) 97. Anonconotus alpinus (Yersin, 1858) TETTIGONIIDAE, TETTIGONIINAE A. alpinus is a medium-sized, brown to green bush-cricket, with very short wings. The species of Anonconotus are partly described very recently. They can be distinguished by the size, length of the pronotum, shape of the wings, male cercus and genitalia and subgenital plate of the female. More bioacoustical and molecular research is needed to confirm the status of the different taxa. In Italy A. alpinus is restricted to Val d’Aosta. Earlier records from eatern regions refer to other species. It lives in alpine meadows, in between low vegetation on the ground. The adults can be found in August and September. The best recording method is trampling through the vegetation, looking for fleeing specimens. It sings in the afternoon, with a very faint rustling sound (echeme) of about 1-6 s with about 20-150 syllables. Echemes are repeated irregularly at intervals of 5-30 s. The song can be heard with bat detector, tuned at 30 kHz. ♂ TL: 15-20 mm; P: 5-6.3 mm; FW: 0.7-1.7 mm; HF: 10.3-12.5 mm; ♀ TL: 17.3-23.0 mm; P: 6-6.7 mm; FW: 0-1.3 mm; HF: 11.7-13.3 mm; O: 11.8-15 mm.

98. Anonconotus apenninigenus Targioni Tozzetti, 1881 TETTIGONIIDAE, TETTIGONIINAE A. apenninigenus is a medium-sized, brown to green bush-cricket, with very short wings. Italian endemic, restricted to the central Apennines. The records of Monti Reatini refer to A. sibyllinus. See A. alpinus for general remarks on the genus. The song of this taxon is not known to us.

99. Anonconotus baracunensis Nadig, 1987 TETTIGONIIDAE, TETTIGONIINAE A. baracunensis is a medium-sized, mostly green bush-cricket, with very short wings. In Italy restricted to the west of Piemonte. See A. alpinus for general remarks on the genus. It sings in the afternoon, with a very faint rustling sound (echeme) of about 1.5-3 s with about 30-65 syllables. Echemes are repeated irregularly at intervals. The song can be heard with bat detector, tuned at 30 kHz. ♂ TL: 15.8-18.3 mm; P: 4.3-5.2 mm; FW: 0.5-1.5 mm; HF: 11.5-12.8 mm; ♀ TL: 19.0-22 mm; P: 5.5-6.3 mm; FW: 0-0.5 mm; HF: 13.0-15 mm; O: 12-15.5 mm.

225 Anonconotus alpinus ♂ photo: Christian Roesti

Anonconotus sp. ♀ photo: Paolo Fontana

Anonconotus baracunensis ♂ photo: Eric Sardet

226 227 123. 125. Chopardius Saga pedestris pedestris pedo (Fabricius, 1787) TETTIGONIIDAE, TETTIGONIINAE (Pallas, 1771) TETTIGONIIDAE, SAGINAE C. pedestris pedestris is a medium-sized, dark grey brown bush-cricket, with Saga pedo is a very large, green bush-cricket. Because of the large size and short wings, about 1/3 the length of the pronotum in the male and small scales thorny legs not to be confused with any other Italian orthopteran. Parthenoge- in the female. The male cercus is characteristically widened. To be distinguished netic, only one male known (from Switzerland). Widely distributed, but always from A. difformis by the armed prosternum, song, shape of the pronotum, male scarce, in whole of Italy, Sardinia and Sicily included. It lives in very hot and dry cercus, wings and genitalia and the subgenital plate and ovipositor in the female. grasslands, where it sits hidden between high herbs and bushes. Adults can be Widely distributed in the central and western Alps, also in the Ligurian Apen- found in summer and autumn. The best recording methods are browsing low nines. It lives on sunny alpine slopes densely covered with bushes, mostly on bushes and trampling the vegetation, looking out for fleeing specimens. ground level. Adults can be found in summer and autumn. The best recording ♀ TL: 53-75 mm; P: 9.3-13.6 mm; HF: 36-49 mm; O: 31-41 mm. methods are browsing low bushes and trampling the vegetation, looking out for fleeing specimens and listening tot the song with a batdetector. It sings in the evening and night. The song consists of buzzing sounds (echemes) of 0.5-6 s, repeated irregularly at minimum intervals of about 2 s. The song can hardly be heard without bat detector, tuned at about 30 kHz. ♂ TL: 15-22 mm; P: 5-6.6 mm; FW: 2.5-4 mm; HF: 14.8-21.2 mm; ♀ TL: 14.8-23 mm; P: 5-5.8 mm; FW: 0-0.2 mm; HF: 18-25 mm; O: 13-18.5 mm.

124. Chopardius pedestris apuanus (Nadig, 1958) TETTIGONIIDAE, TETTIGONIINAE C. pedestris apuanus is a medium-sized, dark grey brown bush-cricket, with short wings, about 1/3 the length of the pronotum in the male and small scales in the female. The male cercus is characteristically widened. The differences with C. p. pedestris lie in the male cercus and genitalia. Italian endemic, which replaces the nominate subspecies in the Alpi Apuane. For general information see C. pedestris pedestris. The song of this taxon is not known to us.

Saga pedo ♀ (photo: Paolo Fontana).

256 257 Chopardius pedestris ♂ photo: Roberto Scherini

Chopardius pedestris ♀ photo:Roberto Scherini

Saga pedo ♀ photo: Paolo Fontana

258 259 ▲ Drawings: A. Gelosa. ◄ Dolichopoda palpata ♀ (photo: Mauro Rampini). 298 299 290. caerulescens (Linnaeus, 1758) ACRIDIDAE, OEDIPODINAE O. c. caerulescens is a medium-sized, longwinged, blue-grey . The hind wings are blue with a black medial band. The Italian Oedipoda can be distinguished by the colour of the hind wings and the shape of the black band, the incision in the median pronotal keel and the nodge on the dorsal ridge on the hind femur. O. c. caerulescens is one of the commonest Italian grasshoppers, occurring in the whole of Italy. Only in Sardinia it is replaced by O. caerulescens sardeti. It lives on bare ground in a wide variety of dry, open habitats like grass- lands, slopes, roadside verges and forest clearings. The adults can be found in summer and autumn. The best recording method is walking through the habi- tat and looking for the flying grasshoppers, which stand out because of their coloured hind wings, which are visible during flight. They can be caught with an insect net or a small fishtank net. Although this species moves the legs in a very specific way, it has no calling song. Only during rivalry and just before mating some very faint sounds are produced, while stridulating with the legs. ♂ TL: 19.5-26.9 mm; P: 2.5-5 mm; FW: 15-21.3 mm; HF: 9.6-12.5 mm; ♀ TL: 26.4-36 mm; P: 5.2-7.3 mm; FW: 20.4-27.8 mm; HF: 21.6-28.6 mm.

291. Oedipoda caerulescens sardeti Defaut, 2006 ACRIDIDAE, OEDIPODINAE O. caerulescens sardeti is a medium-sized, longwinged, blue-grey grasshopper. The hind wings are blue with a black medial band. In Italy O. caerulescens sardeti is known only from Sardinia. The song is not known to us. ♂ TL: 21.8-28.6 mm; P: 2.5-5 mm; FW: 16.8-22.3 mm; HF: 9.8-13.8 mm; ♀ TL: 29.5-35.4 mm; P: 5.2-7.3 mm; FW: 23-27 mm; HF: 13.1-16.5 mm.

292. Oedipoda charpentieri Fieber, 1853 ACRIDIDAE, OEDIPODINAE O. charpentieri is present in Spain and France. It was confused in Italy with another species from Puglia, at present called O. cynthiae.

◄ Oedipoda caerulescens ♀ (photo: Roberto Scherini). 426 427 298. 299. Sphingonotus caerulans candidus candidus (Linneo, 1767) ACRIDIDAE, OEDIPODINAE A. Costa, 1888 ACRIDIDAE, OEDIPODINAE S. c. caerulans is a medium-sized, longwinged, blue-grey grasshopper. The hind S. c. candidus is a small to medium-sized, longwinged, blue-grey grasshopper. wings are light blue, without a black medial band. The Italian Sphingonotus The hind wings are light blue, without a black medial band. It is very similar species are difficult to identify. Characters which can be used for identification to S. personatus. For the characters which can be used for identification of the of this genus are: size, the presence/absence of a black band on the hind wing, Italian Sphingonotus species and general information on habitat, phenology and colour of the fore wing, shape of the side lobes of the pronotum and the shape of recording methods of Sphingonotus, see S. caerulans caerulans. S. candidus is an the intercalary vein in the medial area. S. c. caerulans is widespread on the main- Italian endemic, known only from Sardinia, where it occurs on sandy beaches land of Italy and Sicily. The populations in the South and Sicily were described and dunes. When males of S. candidus meet, they make quiet whispering sounds as S. caerulans exornatus, but this subspecies is now considered a synonym of (echemes). This song has to be considered a rivalry song. During courtship short the nominate form. In Sardinia S. caerulans is replaced by S. corsicus. The genus melodious bird-like sounds (echemes) can be heard. Sphingonotus is in need of a revision in Italy, as in other parts of the Mediterra- ♂ TL: 13-16 mm; P: 2.3-2.8 mm; FW: 13.8-16.2 mm; HF: 7.4-8.7 mm; nean. Like other Sphingonotus species it occurs on dry sandy, rocky or pebbly ♀ TL: 19-23 mm; P: 3.3-3.9 mm; FW: 18.5-23 mm; HF: 10-11.4 mm. substrates with sparse vegetation. The adults live on the ground and can be found 300. in summer and autumn. The best recording method is walking through the habi- Sphingonotus tat and looking for the flying grasshoppers, which stand out because of their corsicus coloured hind wings, which are visible during flight. They can be caught with an Chopard, 1923 ACRIDIDAE, OEDIPODINAE insect net or a small fishtank net. When males of S. c. caerulans meet, they make quiet whispering sounds (echemes). This song has to be considered a rivalry song. S. corsicus is a medium-sized, longwinged, blue-grey grasshopper. The hind During courtship short melodious bird-like sounds (echemes) can be heard. wings are light blue, without a black medial band. In Italy S. corsicus is known only from Sardinia and Giglio Is. The song is not known to us. ♂ TL: 17.1-22.2 mm; P: 3.4-4 mm; FW: 18.1-22.4 mm; HF: 8.1-10.4 mm; ♀ TL: 24.8-32.1 mm; P: 4.6-6 mm; FW: 24.7-30.3 mm; HF: 11-13.7 mm. ♂ TL: 17.1-22.2 mm; P: 3.4-4 mm; FW: 18.1-22.4 mm; HF: 8.1-10.4 mm; ♀ TL: 24.8-32.1 mm; P: 4.6-6 mm; FW: 24.7-30.3 mm; HF: 11-13.7 mm.

301. Sphingonotus eurasius eurasius Mishtshenko, 1936 ACRIDIDAE, OEDIPODINAE S. e. eurasius is a medium-sized, longwinged, blue-grey grasshopper. The hind wings are light blue, with a black medial band. In Italy S. e. eurasius is only known from Lampedusa Is. The song is not known to us.

Sphingonotus caerulans ♀ (photo: Roberto Scherini).

436 437 Sphingonotus caerulans caerulans ♂ photo: Roberto Scherini

Sphingonotus candidus candidus ♂ photo: Paolo Fontana

Sphingonotus corsicus ♂ photo: Axel Hochkirch

438 439 MASSA B., 2019. Orthopteroidea of Montecristo island. Naturalista sicil., 43 (1): 51-56 SCHERINI R. & MERLINI D., 2014. Grilli per la testa - Guida al riconoscimento e allo MASSA B., FONTANA P., BUZZETTI F.M., KLEUKERS R. & ODÉ B., 2012. Orthop- studio di grilli e cavallette. eBook (PDF), 112 pp. tera. Fauna d’Italia. Vol. XLVIII. Calderini, Bologna, 563 pp. + DVD. SKEJO J., REBINA F., BUZZETTI F.M., IVKOVIĆ S., RAŠIĆ A. & TVRTKOVIĆ N., MASSA B., ÜNAL M. & LO VERDE G., 2015. Revision of the genus 2014. First records of Croatian and Serbian Tetrigidae (Orthoptera: Caelifera) with Fieber, 1853 (Orthoptera: Pamphagidae: Thrinchinae). Zootaxa, 4059 (3): 499–524. description of a new subspecies of Tetrix transsylvanica (Bazyluk & Kis, 1960). Zoot- MAZZON L., TIRELLO P., MORI N., FONTANA P. & ROSA R., 2011. Esplosioni axa, 3856 (3): 419-432. demografiche di Barbitistes vicetinus (Galvagni & Fontana, 1993) (Orthoptera, Tetti- SKEJO J., REBINA F., TVRTKOVIĆ N., GOMBOC S. & HELLER K.-G., 2015. More goniidae) in Veneto. Proc. XXIII Congr. Naz. It. Entomol., p 273. than a century old ‘Platycleis Kraussi case’ finally resolved (Tettigoniidae: Platycleidini). MESSINA A., 1978. Tessellana lagrecai n. sp., nuova specie di Ortottero in Sicilia (Ortho- Zootaxa, 3990 (4): 497-524. ptera, Decticinae). Animalia, 5: 159-169. STALLING T & BIRRER S., 2013. Identification of the -loving crickets,Myrmecophi - MESSINA A., 1981. Sulle specie di Odontura del gruppo stenoxypha (Fieb.) (Orthoptera, lus Berthold, 1827 (Orthoptera: Myrmecophilidae), in Central Europe and the northern Phaneropterinae). Animalia, 8: 15-26. Mediterranean Basin. Articulata, 28 (1/2): 1‒11. NADIG A., 1993. Pseudoprumma baldensis Krauss (Orthoptera: Podismini) am Monte STALLING T., 2013. A new species of ant-loving cricket from Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Baldo nicht endemisch. eine biogeographisch interessante Tatsache. Mitt. Schw. ent. Spain (Orthoptera, Myrmecophilidae). Graellsia, 69 (2): 153-156. Gesell., 66: 145-148. STALLING T., 2014. First record of the ant-loving cricket Myrmecophilus baronii Baccetti, NADIG A. & NADIG A., 1934. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Orthopteren- und Hymenopteren- 1966 in Tunisia, Northern (Orthoptera: Myrmecophilidae). Articulata, 29 (1): 35‒38. fauna von Sardinien und Korsika. Jahresbericht Naturforsch. Gesell. Graubändens, 72: 1-39. STALLING T., 2015. New records of the ant-loving cricket Myrmecophilus fuscus Stalling, O’BRIEN S.J. & MAYR E., 1991. Bureaucratic mischief: recognizing endangered species 2013 from the Mediterranean Basin (Orthoptera: Myrmecophilidae). Articulata, 30: 105-108. and subspecies. Science, 251: 1187-1188. STALLING T., 2016. 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Contributo alla conoscenza di alcuni Ortotteri (Insecta Greca, 1964) (Orthoptera acrididae). Boll. Soc. entomol. ital., 145 (3): IX-XIII. Orthoptera) del Friuli Venezia Giulia (Italia nord-orientale). Gortania 40. PAGGETTI E. & CECCOLINI F., 2014. Interessante ritrovamento di Trigonidium (Trigonidium) TAMI F., TIRELLO P. & FONTANA P., 2013. Contributo alla conoscenza degli Ortot- cicindeloides Rambur, 1839 in Toscana (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Onychium, 10 (2013): 193-194. teroidei della Val Canale (Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italia nord-orientale). Gortania, 34 PEDRONI G. & BUZZETTI F.M., 2013. Il popolamento a Orthoptera e Mantodea del Parco (2012): 79-100. Regionale del Corno alle Scale (Appennino Tosco-Emiliano): dati bibliografici e nuove TARGIONI TOZZETTI A., 1881. Orthopterorum Italiae species novae in collectione R. segnalazioni di elementi boreo-orofili (Insecta). Boll. Soc. entomol. ital., 145 (1): 33-47. Musei Fiorentini digestae. Bull. Soc. entomol. ital., Firenze, 13: 180-186. PETRALIA A., PETRALIA E., SABELLA G., BROGNA F., BIANCA C., 2015. Presence’s VERGARI SE., VERGARI SI. & CAROTTI G., 2014. Prima segnalazione per la toscana mapping of Brachytrupes megacephalus (Lefebvre, 1827) (Orthoptera Gryllidae) within di Nemobius sylvestris sylvestris (Bosc, 1792) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Onychium, 10 the Natural Reserve of Vendicari (Noto, Siracusa, Italy). Biodiversity J., 6 (1): 323-326. (2013): 191-192. PRAZZI E., BILLECI V., MARAVENTANO G., SANGUEDOLCE F. & SORRENTINO VERGARI S., VERGARI S., DONDINI G. & CAROTTI G., 2015. Note su alcuni Ortotteri G., 2014. Presenza di Brachytrupes megacephalus (Lefèvre,1827) (Orthoptera Grylli- Tettigonidi dell’Appennino Pistoiese (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). Onychium, 11: 72-75. dae) e Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål, 1775) (Orthoptera Acrididae) nell’Isola di Lampe- VILLANI M. & PEZZI G., 2016. Interessanti ritrovamenti entomologici in Emilia-Romag- dusa (Pelagie, Canale di Sicilia). Naturalista sicil., 38 (1): 121-123. na e zone limitrofe. Quad. Studi Nat. Romagna, 43: 101-115. RAGGE D.R. & REYNOLDS W.J., 1998. The songs of the grasshoppers and crickets of WILHALM T., HILPOLD A. & KRANEBITTER P., 2018. The Orthoptera fauna of South western Europe. Harley Books & The Natural History Museum, London, 591 pp. Tyrol new distribution data and updated distribution maps. Gredleriana, 18: 47-101 SALFI M., 1931b. Orthoptera Palaearctica critica. X. Révision du genre Platypterna Fieber ZAFARANA M.A., ZAFARANA S. & CIRRONE F., 2017. Considerazioni ecologiche (Acrid.). Eos, 7: 255-347. sull’osservazione di Ochrilidia sicula (Salfi, 1931) (Orthoptera Acrididae) nella sughere- SARDET E., ROESTI C. & BRAUD Y., 2015. Cahier d’identification des Orthoptères de ta di Niscemi (Caltanissetta). Naturalista sicil., 41 (2): 189-192. France, Belgique, Luxembourg et Suisse + CD audio. Biotope Éditions, Mèze, 304 pp.

556 557 Authors

Carmine Iorio is studying Natural Sciences at the University of Bolo- gna. He has collaborated with the natural park of Serre-Persano (Saler- no), managed by WWF Italia, as a guide for visitors and school groups. He has published some papers on the distribution of some Orthoptera on Italy and has collaborated, with the same authors of this Handbook, to the volume of the Italian Fauna on the Orthoptera, carrying out the attached DVD, in which he has replicated the dichotomous key, treated in the volume, in an interactive form.

Roberto Scherini has a degree in natural sciences. He has collabo- rated with parks, nature reserves, museums and schools for the reali- sation of public events relating to environmental education and for the organisation of didactic activities in the field. He is the founder and administrator of the web site linnea.it, an internet portal dedicated to entomology. A contributor to the public understanding of science and a nature photographer, he is active as a referee for nature magazines, scientific translator and is the author of several articles and publications. He is also co-author of the books ‘Odonati d’Italia’ and ‘Dragonflies and Damselflies of Europe’.

Paolo Fontana was born in Vicenza the 5th of August 1965 and lives in Isola Vicentina (Veneto, Italy). In 1993 he obtained a degree in Agricul- tural Science and in 1998 the Ph.D. in applied entomology. He worked at the University of Padua up to 2009 and since 2009 he is working at the Fondazione Edmund Mach (San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy) as entomologist and apidologist. Principal fields of research are applied entomology, and ecology of scale insects, taxonomy, biogeography, ecology and bioacoustics of the Orthoptera, apidology and beekeeping. Paolo Fontana published more than 200 papers and described up to date 80 new species and 16 new genera of , mostly Orthoptera.

Filippo Maria Buzzetti graduated in Natural Sciences and earned a PhD in Crop Protection at the University of Padua. He is teacher of mathematics and science in middle schools. He collaborates as entomol- ogist with the Fondazione Museo Civico di Rovereto. His research fields are the bioacoustics and systematics of the Orthoptera and the systemat- ics of the Gerromorpha Heteroptera in Europe, the Neotropics, South East Asia and Africa. He loves his family and jazz.

◄ dispar (photo.Roberto Scherini). 558 559 Roy Kleukers has a life long interest in insects. He co-ordinated Species index two atlas projects (1990-1995, 2009-2015) on Orthoptera in the Netherlands. In 1995 and 1996 he lived in Trieste (Italy) and start- ed discovering the wonderful world of mediterranean grasshoppers. In this period he met Paolo Fontana and together they made many field trips. With Baudewijn Odé and Luc Willemse he makes year- Abruzzo Apennine Grasshopper (Italopodisma acuminata acuminata) 80, 380, 383 ly expeditions in southern Europe. They gathered many faunistic Abruzzo Wart-biter (Decticus aprutianus) 75, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160 data, photographs, sound recordings and video’s. The information Acheta domesticus (House-cricket) 63, 78, 325-327 is compiled on www.grasshoppersofeurope.org. His job is manager Acheta gossypii (African House-cricket) 78, 325, 327 of EIS Kenniscentrum Insecten (Insect Expert Office) at Naturalis Acheta hispanicus (Spanish House-cricket) 78, 325, 327 Acinipe calabra (Calabrian Stone Grasshopper) 80, 364, 365-367 Biodiversity Center in Leiden (the Netherlands). Acinipe galvagnii (Galvagni’s Stone Grasshopper) 80, 365-367 Acrida turrita (Turret Cone-headed Grasshopper) 81, 414, 415-417 Baudewijn Odé has grown up in a musical family and being a nature mediterranea (Mediterranean Cone-headed Grasshopper) 46, 53, 81, 414, 415, 416, 417, 548 lover Baudewijn became hooked up to grasshoppers because of their Acrometopa italica (Italian Long-legged Bush-cricket) 74, 104, 106, 107 sound production. One of his first sound recordings proved to be the Acrometopa macropoda (Common Long-legged Bush-cricket) 74, 104, 106, 107 second record of for the Netherlands. Baudewijn Acroneuroptila puddui (Southern Sardinian Cricket) 78, 316, 317, 318, 319 steadily expanded his knowledge and equipment for sound recording Acroneuroptila sardoa (Northern Sardinian Cricket) 78, 316, 317-319 over the years resulting in a large collection of sound recordings and fischeri (Iberian Digging Grasshopper) 82, 444, 445, 447 Acrotylus insubricus (Common Digging Grasshopper) 82, 445-447 becoming a (co-)author in many research papers on European grass- Acrotylus longipes (Yellow-winged Digging Grasshopper) 59, 82, 445-447 hoppers. Acrotylus patruelis (Slender Digging Grasshopper) 45, 82, 445-447 Adriatic Bush-cricket (Rhacocleis neglecta) 77, 249-251 Adriatic Marmored Bush-cricket (Zeuneriana marmorata) 59, 76, 200, 202, 203 Bruno Massa, biologist, just retired from the University of Palermo, variegatus (Alpine Thick-necked Grasshopper) 49, 83, 377, 504, 506, 507 where he was professor of General and Applied Entomology. Since he African Grasshopper (Omocestus africanus) 83, 481, 483 was 13 years old, the biophilic interests to birds and insects (mainly African House-cricket (Acheta gossypii) 78, 325, 327 grasshoppers) switched on; thus, he studied many aspects of the ecol- African Pygmy Wart-biter (Ctenodecticus bolivari) 77, 252, 254, 255 ogy, ethology and taxonomy of birds and grasshoppers through the (Sudan Green-winged Grasshopper) 82, 448, 449, 450, 451 Aiolopus strepens (Broad Green-winged Grasshopper) 31, 42, 55, 82, 448, 449, 450, 451 Mediterranean countries, tropical Africa and many European Muse- (Slender Green-winged Grasshopper) 30, 82, 448, 449-451 ums of Natural History. He has published many scientific papers and Algerian Striped Bush-cricket (Odontura borrei) 74, 128, 130, 131 some popular books on naturalistic subjects. Algirian Stripe-headed cricket (Modicogryllus algirius) 78, 328, 330, 331 Alpes-Maritimes Mountain Grasshopper ( dechambrei dechambrei) 80, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 392 Alpine Cave-cricket (Dolichopoda azami septentrionalis) 78, 289, 290, 291 Alpine Dark Bush-cricket ( aptera) 37, 51, 76, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208 Alpine Grasshopper (Chorthippus alticola) 49, 51, 83, 253, 392, 516, 517, 518, 519 Alpine Groundhopper (Tetrix tuerki) 80, 357-359, 453, 528 Alpine Lesser Grasshopper ( ignifer) 53, 84, 517, 524, 528, 530, 531, 532 Alpine Meadow Bush-cricket (Roeseliana minor) 64, 76, 196, 198, 199 Alpine Saw Bush-cricket (Barbitistes alpinus) 12, 13, 74, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 253 Alpine Thick-necked Grasshopper (Aeropedellus variegatus) 49, 83, 377, 504, 506, 507 (Egyptian Grasshopper) 18, 42, 63, 81, 410, 412, 413 Andreiniimon nuptialis (Splendid Bush-cricket) 74, 117-119 Anonconotus alpinus (Small Alpine Bush-cricket) 49, 76, 224, 225-227, 229, 233 Anonconotus apenninigenus (Southern Alpine Bush-cricket) 76, 225, 227 Anonconotus baracunensis (Cottian Alpine Bush-cricket) 76, 225-227 Anonconotus ghilianii (Ghiliani’s Alpine Bush-cricket) 76, 229-231 Anonconotus italoaustriacus (Eastern Alpine Bush-cricket) 76, 228, 229-231 Anonconotus ligustinus (Ligurian Alpine Bush-cricket) 76, 229-231

560 561 Svercus palmetorum (Cicada Cricket) 78, 328, 330, 331 Vicentine Saw Bush-cricket (Barbitistes vicetinus) 38, 53, 74, 112, 113, 114, 115, 546, 547 Tessellana lagrecai (Lagreca’s Slender Bush-cricket) 75, 176, 177, 178, 179 Water-meadow Grasshopper (Pseudochorthippus montanus) 83, 508, 510, 511 Tessellana nigrosignata (Black-marked Slender Bush-cricket) 75, 176, 177, 178, 179 Western Alpine Bush-cricket (Anonconotus occidentalis) 40, 76, 232, 233-235 Tessellana tessellata (Common Slender Bush-cricket) 53, 75, 173, 176, 177-179 Western Band-winged Grasshopper (Oedipoda charpentieri) 82, 84, 427-429, 434, 435 Tetrix bipunctata bipunctata (Two-spotted Groundhopper) 51, 79, 348, 349, 350, 351, 357 Western Crevice-cricket (Gryllomorpha uclensis) 78, 313-315 Tetrix bipunctata kraussi (Krauss’ Two-spotted Groundhopper) 51, 79, 348, 349-351 Western Cross-backed Grasshopper (Dociostaurus genei) 83, 473-475, 476, 477 Tetrix bolivari (Bolivar’s Groundhopper) 55, 79, 352, 354, 355, 357 Western Marbled Bush-cricket (Eupholidoptera hesperica) 76, 220, 222, 223 Tetrix ceperoi (Sand Groundhopper) 55, 79, 352, 354, 355, 357 Western Pincer Grasshopper (Calliptamus wattenwylianus) 81, 400, 401, 404, 405 Tetrix depressa (Dented Groundhopper) 79, 353-355 White Sickle Bush-cricket (Tylopsis lilifolia) 53, 74, 100, 101-103 Tetrix subulata (Robust Groundhopper) 53, 79, 352, 356, 357-359 White-clubbed Grasshopper (Gomphocerippus rufus) 44, 53, 83, 501-503 (Long-horned Groundhopper) 53, 80, 348, 349, 357-359 White-headed Toothed Grasshopper ( fischeri) 83, 492, 493, 494, 495, 496 Tetrix tuerki (Alpine Groundhopper) 80, 357-359, 453, 528 White-horned Italian Grasshopper (Italohippus albicornis) 84, 536, 538, 539 Tettigonia cantans (Upland Green Bush-cricket) 31, 53, 75, 149-151, 152, 153 White-spotted Grasshopper (Calephorus compressicornis) 81, 418, 420, 421 Tettigonia caudata (Eastern Green Bush-cricket) 75, 149-151, 152, 153 Whitish Sand Grasshopper (Sphingonotus candidus) 82, 437-439, 440 Tettigonia longispina (Sardinian Green Bush-cricket) 75, 149, 152, 153, 154, 155 Wing-buzzing Toothed Grasshopper(Stenobothrus rubicundulus) 44, 49, 51, 83, 377, 492, 496, Tettigonia silana (Calabrian Green Bush-cricket) 75, 149, 152, 153, 154, 155 497, 498, 499 Tettigonia viridissima (Great Green Bush-cricket) 18, 53, 75, 149, 152, 153-155, 204 Wood-cricket (Nemobius sylvestris) 53, 78, 304, 305, 306, 307 Thick-bellied Saddle Bush-cricket (Praephippigera pachygaster) 77, 284, 285-287 Woodland Grasshopper () 34, 53, 55, 83, 468, 480, 481, 482, 483, 484, 485, 488 Transionian Bright Bush-cricket (Poecilimon laevissimus) 75, 132, 134, 135 Xya variegata (Colourful Molehopper) 57, 59, 80, 360, 362, 363, 528 Transionian Cylindric Grasshopper (Tropidopola graeca transjonica) 81, 411, 413 Yellow-winged Digging Grasshopper (Acrotylus longipes) 59, 82, 445-447 Tricolor Grasshopper (Paracinema tricolor bisignatum) 31, 82, 456, 457-459 Yersinella beybienkoi (Bei-Bienko’s Bush-cricket) 76, 236, 237, 238, 239 Trigonidium cicindeloides (Common Trig) 78, 308, 310, 311 Yersinella raymondii (Raymond’s Bush-cricket) 53, 76, 236, 237-239 Troglophilus andreinii andreinii (Italian Cave-cricket) 61, 78, 297, 299 Zeller’s Saddle Bush-cricket (Ephippiger zelleri) 65, 77, 272, 273-275 Troglophilus andreinii hydruntinus (Otranto Cave-cricket) 78, 297, 299 Zeuneriana abbreviata (Basque Wide-winged Bush-cricket) 76, 200, 202, 203 Troglophilus cavicola (Common Cave-cricket) 78, 300, 301, 303 Zeuneriana marmorata (Adriatic Marmored Bush-cricket) 59, 76, 200, 202, 203 Troglophilus neglectus (Neglected Cave-cricket) 78, 301, 303 Tropidopola cylindrica cylindrica (Common Cylindric Grasshopper) 81, 411-413 Tropidopola graeca transjonica (Transionian Cylindric Grasshopper) 81, 411, 413 nasuta (Nosey Cone-headed Grasshopper) 81, 414, 415-417 Tuberous Grey Bush-cricket (Platycleis affinis) 75, 161-163 Turkish Black-spotted Grasshopper (Ramburiella turcomana) 83, 468, 470, 471 Turret Cone-headed Grasshopper (Acrida turrita) 81, 414, 415-417 Twenty-chromosome Mole-cricket (Gryllotalpa viginti) 79, 345, 347 Twenty-one-chromosome Mole-cricket (Gryllotalpa vigintiunum) 79, 345, 347 Two-coloured Grasshopper (Chorthippus dichrous) 83, 509-511, 512 Two-spotted Field-cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) 66, 78, 320, 321, 322, 323 Two-spotted Groundhopper (Tetrix bipunctata bipunctata) 51, 79, 348, 349, 350, 351, 357 Tylopsis lilifolia (White Sickle Bush-cricket) 53, 74, 100, 101-103 Tyrrhenian Bush-cricket (Rhacocleis thyrrhenica) 77, 249-251 Tyrrhenian Sand Grasshopper (Sphingonotus uvarovi) 82, 431-433, 435 Tyrrhenian Scarlet Band-Winged Grasshopper ( mauritanica) 82, 431-433, 435 Upland Green Bush-cricket (Tettigonia cantans) 31, 53, 75, 149-151, 152, 153 Uromenus annae (Sardinian Saddle Bush-cricket) 77, 276, 278, 279 Uromenus bonneti bonneti (Bonnet’s Saddle Bush-cricket) 77, 276, 277, 278, 279 Uromenus bonneti painoi (Paino’s Saddle Bush-cricket) 77, 277, 279 Uromenus brevicollis insularis (Island Saddle Bush-cricket) 77, 281-283 Uromenus brevicollis trinacriae (Madonie Saddle Bush-cricket) 66, 77, 280, 281-283 Uromenus elegans (Elegant Saddle Bush-cricket) 77, 281-283 Uromenus riggioi (Riggio’s Saddle Bush-cricket) 77, 285-287 Uromenus siculus (Sicilian Saddle Bush-cricket) 77, 285-287 Ursula’s Toothed Grasshopper (Stenobothrus ursulae) 83, 489, 497, 500, 502, 503 Valdieri Mountain Grasshopper (Podisma eitschbergeri) 80, 372, 375 Veneto Mountain Grasshopper (Chortopodisma cobellii) 49, 51, 66, 81, 392, 394, 395 Oedipoda cynthiae (drawing: Sonia Cumerlato) Verge Cricket (Eumodicogryllus bordigalensis) 55, 79, 329-331

574 575 GALLIANI C., SCHERINI R., PIGLIA A., 2017 - Dragonflies and Damselflies of Europe. WBA Handbooks 7, Verona: 1-352. FONTANA P. ET AL., 2017 - Ortopteros de Oaxaca. Orthopterans of Oaxaca. WBA Handbooks 8, Verona: 1-212. SCUPOLA A., 2018 - Le formiche del Veneto. The of Veneto. WBA Handbooks 9, Verona: 1-331.

WBA Monographs The World Biodiversity Association is a not for profit organization founded in 2004 at the Museum ZANINI D., 2011 - Le piante di Francesco Calzolari. WBA Monographs 1, Verona: 1-644. of Natural History of Verona by a group of naturalists with the main goal to discover and save MARCHISIO R., ZUNINO M., 2012 - Il genere Copris Müller. Tassonomia, filogenesi e note di biodiversity. The Association has two missions: “Discovering biodiversity”, to contribute actively to zoogeografia. WBA Monographs 2, Verona: 1-176. the inventory of the biological diversity of our planet, through naturalistic expeditions to the biodi- SCORTEGAGNA S., 2016 - Flora popolare veneta. WBA Monographs 3, Verona: 1-704. versity hot-spots, and “Conservation by education” to confirm the fundamental role of education AA.VV., 2017 - Nuovo Atlante dei Mammiferi del Veneto. A cura di M. Bon. WBA Monographs 4, in the conservation of natural environments. Verona: 1-368. The results of the investigations are published in scientific publications edited by WBA: Memoirs on Biodiversity, WBA Monographs, WBA Handbooks, Biodiversity Friend and WBA Education. Biodiversity Friend The WBA supports educational projects by organizing the annual “Biodiversity Day” and protect- HEMENWAY C., 2015 - L’apicoltore consapevole. Traduzione del testo originale “The Thinking ing rainforests in . The Association is also supported by a Scientific Committee Beekeeper”. Biodiversity Friend 1, Verona: 1-157. consisting of academics, botanists and zoologists. In 2014 the WBA transferred all its editorial VINCO L., CAODURO G., 2015 - Alberi e arbusti delle Prealpi. Biodiversity Friend 2, Verona: 1-96. activities to WBA Project, a social company entirely owned by the WBA. VINCO L., 2015 - Uccelli e mammiferi in Italia. Biodiversity Friend 3, Verona: 1-96. TURRA A., 2017 - Istruzioni per coltivar utilmente le api e far sciami artificialmente. Anastatic reproduction of the original edition, Vicenza, 1793. Biodiversity Friend 4, Verona: (I-XXI) 1-60. WBA PUBLICATIONS LOVISI V., 2017 - Il grano e il pane nella tradizione agro-pastorale cilentana. Biodiversity Friend 5, Verona: 1-74. Memoirs on Biodiversity FONTANA P., 2017 - Il Piacere delle Api. Biodiversity Friend 6, Verona: 1-652. AA.VV, 2008 - Biodiversity of South America I. Memoirs on Biodiversity Vol. 1, WBA onlus, Verona: 1-496. VALENTINI M., 2019 - Perché è ancora possibile salvare le api. Biodiversity Friend 7, Verona: 1-81. MEREGALLI M., 2013 - A review of Niphadonyx a high altitude weevil genus of the Himalayas and MEZZALIRA F., 2019 - Viaggi e scienza. Biodiversity Friend 8, Verona: 1-405. North-West (Coleoptera Curculionidae Molytinae). Memoirs on Biodiversity Vol. 2, WBA FONTANA P., 2019 - The Joy of Bees. Biodiversity Friend 9, Verona: 1-748. onlus, Verona: 1-176. PACE R., 2015 - Biodiversity of South America II. Memoirs on Biodiversity Vol 3, WBA Project, WBA Education Verona: 1-176. BATTISTON R., AMERINI R., 2018 - Scoiattoli italiani nativi e alieni. WBA Education 1, Verona: 1-56.

WBA Handbooks Co-editions FONTANA P., BUZZETTI F. M., MARIÑO-PÉREZ R., 2008 - Chapulines, Langostas, Grillos y VINCO L., CAODURO G., 2013 - Fiori delle Prealpi. Coediz. WBA onlus - Cierre Ediz., Verona: 1-96. Esperanzas de México. Guía fotográfica - Grasshoppers, Locusts, Crickets & Katydids of DIBONA D., 2014 - Il Larice (El làrěs). L’albero che si veste d’oro. Coediz. Cierre ediz.- La Coop- Mexico. Photographic guide. WBA Handbooks 1, Verona: 1-272. erativa di Cortina - WBA onlus, Verona: 1-280. BATTISTON R., PICCIAU L., FONTANA P., MARSHALL J., 2010 - Mantids of the Euro-Mediterra- nean Area. WBA Handbooks 2, Verona: 1-240. GIACHINO P. M., VAILATI D., 2010 - The Subterranean Environment. Hypogean life, concepts and collecting techniques - L’ambiente sotterraneo. Vita ipogea, concetti e tecniche di racco- lta. WBA Handbooks 3, Verona: 1-128. © WBA Project - Impresa Sociale Unipersonale PAOLUCCI P., 2013 - Butterflies and Burnets of the Alps and their larvae, pupae and cocoons. Via Mantovana, 90/F WBA Handbooks 4, Verona: 1-480. 37137 Verona - Italy FACCOLI M., 2015 - European bark and ambrosia beetles: types, characteristics and identifica- tion of mating systems. Scolitidi d’Europa: tipi, caratteristiche e riconoscimento dei sistemi www.biodiversityassociation.org riproduttivi. WBA Handbooks 5, Verona: 1-160. E-mail: [email protected] PAOLUCCI P., 2016 - Bombici e sfingi delle Alpi e loro larve, pupe e bozzoli. Bombyces and Sphin- Phone: 0039-3409165855 ges of the Alps and their larvae, pupae and cocoons. WBA Handbooks 6, Verona: 1-560.

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