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Benzyl Chlorid Final

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Benzyl Chlorid Final Survey of benzyl chloride (CAS no. 100-44-7) Part of the LOUS-review [Series Title and year] Consultation draft Title: Editing: Survey of benzyl chloride (CAS no. 100-44-7) Pia Brunn Poulsen, FORCE Technology Maria Strandesen, FORCE Technology Anders Schmidt, FORCE Technology Published by: Photography: The Danish Environmental Protection Agency [Name] Strandgade 29 1401 Copenhagen K Denmark Illustration: www.mst.dk/english [Name] Year: Map: [xxxx] [Name] ISBN no. [xxxxxx] Disclaimer: When the occasion arises, the Danish Environmental Protection Agency will publish reports and papers concerning research and development projects within the environmental sector, financed by study grants provided by the Danish Environmental Protection Agency. It should be noted that such publications do not necessarily reflect the position or opinion of the Danish Environmental Protection Agency. However, publication does indicate that, in the opinion of the Danish Environmental Protection Agency, the content represents an important contribution to the debate surrounding Danish environmental policy. While the information provided in this report is believed to be accurate, The Danish Environmental Protection Agency disclaims any responsibility for possible inaccuracies or omissions and consequences that may flow from them. Neither the Danish Environmental Protection Agency nor FORCE Technology or any individual involved in the preparation of this publication shall be liable for any injury, loss, damage or prejudice of any kind that may be caused by persons who have acted based on their understanding of the information contained in this publication. Sources must be acknowledged. 2 Survey of benzyl chloride (CAS no. 100-44-7) Contents Preface ...................................................................................................................... 6 Summary and conclusions ......................................................................................... 8 Sammenfatning og konklusion ................................................................................ 13 1. Introduction to benzyl chloride ........................................................................ 18 1.1 Definition of the substance ................................................................................................... 18 1.2 Physical and chemical properties ......................................................................................... 19 2. Regulatory framework...................................................................................... 21 2.1 Legislation ............................................................................................................................. 21 2.1.1 Existing legislation ................................................................................................. 21 2.1.2 Upcoming legislation ............................................................................................ 24 2.1.3 Classification and labelling ................................................................................... 24 2.1.4 REACH .................................................................................................................. 25 2.1.5 Other legislation/initiative ................................................................................... 26 2.2 International agreements .................................................................................................... 26 2.2.1 Basel Convention................................................................................................... 26 2.2.2 Free Trade Agreement (the EU and Korea) ......................................................... 26 2.2.3 International Conventions regarding safety and pollution at sea ....................... 26 2.3 Eco-labels ............................................................................................................................. 27 2.4 Other lists ............................................................................................................................. 27 2.5 Summary and conclusions ................................................................................................... 27 3. Manufacture and uses ...................................................................................... 29 3.1 Manufacturing ..................................................................................................................... 29 3.1.1 Manufacturing process ......................................................................................... 29 3.1.2 Manufacturing sites .............................................................................................. 30 3.1.3 Manufacturing volumes ........................................................................................ 30 3.2 Import and export ................................................................................................................. 31 3.2.1 Import and export of benzyl chloride in Denmark ............................................... 31 3.2.2 Import and export of benzyl chloride in the EU .................................................. 32 3.3 Use ........................................................................................................................................ 32 3.3.1 Main uses of benzyl chloride worldwide .............................................................. 32 3.3.2 Main uses of benzyl chloride in Denmark and the other Nordic countries ........ 34 3.3.3 Main uses of benzyl chloride in EU ...................................................................... 34 3.3.4 Use of benzyl chloride in consumer products – as an impurity .......................... 35 3.4 Historical trends in use .........................................................................................................37 3.5 Summary and conclusions ....................................................................................................37 4. Waste management .......................................................................................... 40 4.1 Waste from manufacture and use of benzyl chloride ......................................................... 40 4.2 Waste products from the use of benzyl chloride in mixtures and articles .......................... 41 4.3 Release of benzyl chloride from waste disposal.................................................................. 42 4.3.1 The fate of benzyl chloride in incineration facilities ............................................ 42 4.3.2 The fate of benzyl chloride when handled as ‘hazardous waste’ ......................... 43 4.4 Summary and conclusions ................................................................................................... 43 Survey of benzyl chloride (CAS no. 100-44-7) 3 5. Environmental effects and fate ......................................................................... 45 5.1 Environmental hazard ......................................................................................................... 45 5.1.1 Toxicity to aquatic organisms ............................................................................... 45 5.1.2 Toxicity to microorganisms .................................................................................. 47 5.1.3 Toxicity to sediment living organisms ................................................................. 47 5.1.4 Toxicity to terrestrial organisms .......................................................................... 47 5.1.5 Toxicity to the atmosphere ................................................................................... 47 5.1.6 Classification ......................................................................................................... 47 5.1.7 Classification of the reaction product benzyl alcohol .......................................... 47 5.2 Environmental fate .............................................................................................................. 48 5.2.1 Air .......................................................................................................................... 48 5.2.2 Water ..................................................................................................................... 48 5.2.3 Sediment ................................................................................................................ 49 5.2.4 Soil ......................................................................................................................... 49 5.2.5 Biota ....................................................................................................................... 49 5.2.6 PBT ........................................................................................................................ 49 5.2.7 Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 50 5.3 Environmental exposure ..................................................................................................... 50 5.3.1 Main sources of release ......................................................................................... 50 5.3.2 Monitoring data ..................................................................................................... 51 5.4 Environmental impact ......................................................................................................... 53 5.5 Summary and conclusions ..................................................................................................
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