DOCSLIB.ORG

From HFC's Director

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
From HFC's Director National Park Service HFCU.S. Department of the Interior onMEDIA May / June | 2008 Issue 23 Yellowstone National Park’s In This Issue “Roving Ranger” videocasts enable visitors to download interpretive content from Interpretive the Web to their own digital Techniques in device, and then play back 2 New Media the content during their park visit. New technology like this gives our audiences greater control over when, What New where, and how they receive Media Products interpretive information. 5 are Parks Using Learn more about new me- Today? dia products like this starting on page 5. (NPS Photo) New Employees and Staff News 6 at Harpers Ferry From HFC’s Director Center New media—digital and often web-based—off er the interpretation and education pro- HFC Products fessional many opportunities to deliver information to our many audiences. More than 11 Receive Awards ever before, these tools allow us to target our messages to very specifi c demographics and create a whole new palette of experiences for visitors. New Film Pre- Each of the “new media” technologies has its own content requirements, operational mieres at Home- regimes, and investment and life cycle costs. As a result, some are more successful in park 14 stead National environments than others. In this issue, we take a look at a few of the new technologies Monument that have been used in our parks and hear from experienced park professionals about the challenges, successes, and lessons learned as they have implemented new media products in their park. New Graphic 15 Identity Website Even though many of these exciting new media solutions are by design “user generated” Launched at the park site, Harpers Ferry Center looks forward to helping parks prepare their con- tent and create standards that benefi t the NPS system-wide. —Don Kodak onMEDIA National Park Service 1 Interpretation in the Digital Age HFC onMEDIA is produced and published by Harpers Ferry Interpretive Techniques in New Media Center. Statements of facts and views are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily We’re in the opening innings of a whole new ballgame: afford- refl ect an opinion or an endorse- ment by the National Park able, do-it-yourself, mass communication. Launch a podcast, Service. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not post an e-hike, or create a wiki, and you can interpret your necessarily constitute recommen- park’s resource for a wider potential audience than ever before. dation for use by the National Park Service. But using the latest technology doesn’t park. But there are members of your online Send questions and comments to ensure that you’ll reach people successfully. audience whom you might never see. David T. Gilbert either by email at [email protected] or call After you’ve learned about digital record- 304 535 6102. ing, editing, and uploading, you still want to How do these statistics match your as- use the medium so that people come to care sumptions about the potential audience for Secretary of the Interior Dirk Kempthorne about your park. Luckily, NPS guidelines new media online? for creating eff ective (traditional) interpre- Director, National Park Service tive media are just as relevant in the new • 72% of Americans aged 50-64 use the 1 Mary A. Bomar ballgame. Internet. Associate Director, • 93% of college graduates use the Internet, Partnerships and Visitor The Interpretive Development Program compared to 67% of people with only a Experience (IDP) lays out the Service’s approach to high-school degree, and 38% of people Chris Jarvi 1 interpretation. Whether or not you use it for who didn’t complete high school. Director, training and certifi cation, you’ll fi nd that it’s • Only 18% of Americans have listened to at Harpers Ferry Center 2 full of great strategies for creating publica- least one podcast. Don Kodak tions, exhibits, waysides, and other media. • Among those who have listened to a Editor Let’s see how the IDP guidelines—especial- podcast, 20% come from each of these age David T. Gilbert ly in modules 101 and 311—can help you ranges: 25-34, 35-44, 45-54; only 13% are Art Director 2 create a captivating digital or online product. 18-24 years old. Robert Clark, • Nearly half (48%) have visited a video- Offi ce of NPS Identity 3 Audience sharing site, such as YouTube. Contributors First, have a look at the “Knowledge of the • Around half (51%) of Internet users have Merrith Baughman Audience” component of the Interpretive taken virtual tours of another location Jennifer Clark 4 Claire Comer Equation (see below). Perhaps you’ve al- online. Chuck Dunkerly ready met some of the audience who would Todd Edgar subscribe to a podcast or rent a GPS-trig- Before you invest a lot in posting content Melissa English-Rias gered device—they’re already visiting your on your website, see what you can fi nd out Wendy Janssen Pam Koenig Caitlin McQuade The Interpretive Equation Greta Miller Barbara Pollarine Knowledge of +x=Knowledge of Appropriate Interpretive Virginia Reems ()the Resource the Audience Techniques Opportunities Phil Zichterman HFC Website www.nps.gov/hfc 1. Survey of Americans 18 and older, Febru- 3. Survey of Americans 18 and older, January ary 2008, Pew Internet and American Life 2008, Pew Internet and American Life Project, Project, www.pewinternet.org/trends/User_ www.pewinternet.org/PPF/r/232/report_dis- The National Park Service cares Demo_2.15.08.htm play.asp for special places saved by the 2 4 . Survey of Americans 12 and older, March . Survey of Americans 18 and older, Novem- American people so that all may 2008, Edison Media Research, www.edison- ber 2006, Pew Internet and American Life experience our heritage. research.com/home/archives/2008/04/the_pod- Project, www.pewinternet.org/pdfs/PIP_Vir- cast_con_1.php tual_Tours_2006.pdf EXPERIENCE YOUR AMERICA™ onMEDIA May / June 2008 National Park Service 2 about the people who visit the site. Does the content and cognitive level of your programs match the audiences most likely to see it? Think about the range of interest level among your visitors—there will be similar ranges among your “virtual” audi- ence. Are you providing for both the casual and the committed? Of course, your virtual audience isn’t neces- sarily sitting at a computer keyboard. One of the most important factors in reaching your audience is knowing the context in which they experience your interpretation. The power of a wayside exhibit is that the resource, the audience, and the interpreta- tion are all in the same place, at the same The narrator immediately gives you an Visitor listens to an audio tour time. This will certainly be true of a GPS- activity and asks a question: Compare the on his iPod while following a map at Richmond National triggered device, but it’s not necessarily true apparent distance to the opposite rim and Battlefi eld Park, Virginia. (NPS of a cell-phone program or a podcast. Many to the river below. Is the rim further away? Photo) podcast listeners appreciate having content Even if you’re at home, the question gives available while they’re commuting to work you a tool for imagining yourself at the or working out at the gym. Also, whether overlook, and the video furnishes a (dimin- your audience can look at images or listen ished) view. to narrative—or both—should make a big diff erence to the content of your interpre- The video shows a diagram, a cross-section tive media. of canyon labeled with distances, as the narrator explains how the canyon’s depth Appropriate Techniques and width diff er in places. The view and When using something called “new media” the diagram introduce tangible qualities of Dozens of techniques or “emerging technology,” we’re usually the canyon. Video and audio then move in and examples are de- delivering our interpretive product—made clearly linked steps toward an explanation scribed in Handles: A of images, words, and sounds—through of the canyon’s intangible signifi cances. Survey of Interpretive a digital device. The technology gives our Depth and width vary because some Techniques, at www. audiences greater control over when, where, rocks—especially granite—are harder than nps.gov/idp/interp/ and how they attend to the interpreta- others and more resistant to erosion by handlesupdate.pdf tion. Although the means of delivery may water. Near Chasm View, “the river had to be diff erent, we’re still using those familiar really focus its energy to narrowly cutting elements: images, words, and sounds. So down through granite.” These evocative we can rely on some proven interpretive words accompany the rushing sound of techniques for using those elements. water and a close-up on river pounding against rock. Here’s an example from a parkcast at Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park. Several “old” interpretive techniques—ac- The “Chasm View Geology” episode is part tivity, question, illustration, word choice— of a series, a ‘tour’ of canyon overlooks. You appear in this “new” medium. Other tech- can watch it on your computer or carry it niques that work well in a video are: visual right out to the Chasm View overlook on an before and after comparisons; chronologi- iPod, Blackberry, or other similar gadget. cal events; rhythm (created as you cut from onMEDIA May / June 2008 National Park Service 3 one scene to the next); and quotations The IDP has a rubric for evaluating good Find descriptions of (either re-enacted or from interviews). interpretive media. We’ve reviewed the media strengths and fi rst measure—exploiting the strengths of weaknesses at www.nps.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Battles of Germantown: Public History and Preservation in America’S Most Historic Neighborhood During the Twentieth Century
    The Battles of Germantown: Public History and Preservation in America’s Most Historic Neighborhood During the Twentieth Century Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By David W. Young Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2009 Dissertation Committee: Steven Conn, Advisor Saul Cornell David Steigerwald Copyright by David W. Young 2009 Abstract This dissertation examines how public history and historic preservation have changed during the twentieth century by examining the Germantown neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1683, Germantown is one of America’s most historic neighborhoods, with resonant landmarks related to the nation’s political, military, industrial, and cultural history. Efforts to preserve the historic sites of the neighborhood have resulted in the presence of fourteen historic sites and house museums, including sites owned by the National Park Service, the National Trust for Historic Preservation, and the City of Philadelphia. Germantown is also a neighborhood where many of the ills that came to beset many American cities in the twentieth century are easy to spot. The 2000 census showed that one quarter of its citizens live at or below the poverty line. Germantown High School recently made national headlines when students there attacked a popular teacher, causing severe injuries. Many businesses and landmark buildings now stand shuttered in community that no longer can draw on the manufacturing or retail economy it once did. Germantown’s twentieth century has seen remarkably creative approaches to contemporary problems using historic preservation at their core.
    [Show full text]
  • The George Washington University
    The George Washington University Degree Programmme Does your University accept the Yes. HKCEE grades are considered direct equivalents to GCSE HKCEE and HKALE for exams. The HKALE grades are equivalent to GCE A-level. admission to your University? What are the entry requirements HKALE grades A-C. for a student with HKCEE and HKCEE in a broad range of subjects – the majority should be grade HKALE qualifications entering A-B. your University? Do students with HKCEE and Students must take the SAT or ACT and have an official score report HKALE qualifications have to sit sent from the College Board to the George Washington University. an entrance examination to enter your University? Is there a language proficiency Students must submit an official TOEFL score (Test of English as a test that students with HKCEE Foreign Language) unless the student scores a 550 or higher on the and HKALE qualifications critical reading section of the SAT. wishing to enter your University must take? Is there a standard on an For TOEFL minimum requirements visit: international English scale that http://gwired.gwu.edu/adm/apply/international.html students with HKCEE and HKALE qualifications wishing to enter your University must reach? Are there any other tests that No. students with HKCEE and HKALE qualifications wishing to enter your University must take? When must they be taken? Is there an entry quota that No. applies to students with HKCEE and HKALE qualifications wishing to enter your University? Where can information be Up-to-date information can be found
    [Show full text]
  • Exclusive Rulebookrulebook
    SARATOGA 1 The Turning Point of the American Revolution, 1777 EXCLUSIVEEXCLUSIVE RULEBOOKRULEBOOK TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Prepare for Play .................................................... 2 7. Special Scenario Rules ......................................... 6 2. How to Win ........................................................... 2 8. Historical Scenario, “Freeman’s Farm” ................ 7 3. Special Rules ........................................................ 3 9. Scenario Victory Conditions ................................. 7 4. Variants ................................................................ 4 10. Special Scenario Rules ......................................... 8 5. Saratoga “Next Day” Scenario Setup ................... 4 Historical Article: Saratoga .......................................... 9 6. Scenario Victory Conditions ................................. 5 Counter scans ............................................................... 15 GMT Games, LLC Ammo Depletion Log .................................................. 16 P.O. Box 1308, Hanford, CA 93232-1308 www.GMTGames.com © 2006 and 2017 GMT Games, LLC 3rd Edition 2 SARATOGA 1.4 Scenario Length Introduction The scenario begins on Turn 1, and ends on Turn 12, unless ei- This, the Third Edition of Saratoga, contains significant differ- ther side achieves a Decisive or Substantial victory before then. ences from previous editions including rules changes or modifi- cations, changes in terrain, and new or re-named units. Terrain 1.5. Player Order and Initiative and
    [Show full text]
  • Quantifying Visitor Impact and Material Degradation at George Washington's Mount Vernon Laurel Lynne Bartlett Clemson University, [email protected]
    Clemson University TigerPrints All Theses Theses 5-2013 Quantifying Visitor Impact and Material Degradation at George Washington's Mount Vernon Laurel Lynne Bartlett Clemson University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses Part of the Historic Preservation and Conservation Commons Recommended Citation Bartlett, Laurel Lynne, "Quantifying Visitor Impact and Material Degradation at George Washington's Mount Vernon" (2013). All Theses. 1599. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/1599 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. QUANTIFYING VISITOR IMPACT AND MATERIAL DEGRADATION AT GEORGE WASHINGTON’S MOUNT VERNON A Thesis Presented to the Graduate Schools of Clemson University and the College of Charleston In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Historic Preservation by Laurel Lynne Bartlett May 2013 Accepted by: Dr. Carter L. Hudgins, Committee Chair Frances Ford Ralph Muldrow Elizabeth Ryan ABSTRACT Over one million visitors per year traverse the visitor path through George Washington’s home at Mount Vernon. Increased visitation has tested the limits of the architectural materials and created the single most threatening source of degradation. While the history of Mount Vernon is dotted with attempts to mitigate damage caused by visitors, scientific analysis of the dynamic impacts to the historic fabric is needed to preserve the integrity of the preeminent national house museum. The following thesis presents a holistic analysis of visitor impact and material degradation occurring at Mount Vernon.
    [Show full text]
  • Lyndon Baines Johnson Memorial Grove on the Potomac Washington, D
    10-900 OHB Mo. 1U-, . 10-90) RECEIVED 2289 •»i .I " United States Department of the Interior National Park Service JUN12 NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM Lyndon Baines Johnson Memorial Grove on the Potomac Washington, D. C. (Page 1) This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in How tc Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (National Register Bulletin 16A). Complete each item by marking x" in the appropriate box or by entering the information requested. If any item does not apply to the property being documented, entet *N/A" for ©not applicable/ For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories anc subcategories from the instructions. Place additional entries and narrative items on continuation sheets (NPS Form 10-900a). Use * typewriter, word processor, or computer, to complete all items. 1. Name of Property historic name Lyndon Baines Johnson Memorial Grove on the Potomac_ other names/site number _____________________________________ 2. Location street & number Lady Bird Johnson Park________ not for publication city or town Columbia Island. Washington. D. C. vicinity X. state __________________ code county code zip code _______ 3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1986, as amended, I hereby certify that this X_ nomination __ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register o; Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property *»y meets __ does not meet the National Register Criteria I recommend that this property be considered significant X nationally _ statewide _ locally.
    [Show full text]
  • NCPC Final Report
    NCPC Final Report for CONSTRUCT NEW COMFORT STATION AT U.S. MARINE CORPS WAR MEMORIAL GEORGE WASHINGTON MEMORIAL PARKWAY Arlington, Virginia GWMP 231335 Prepared for: United States Department of the Interior National Park Service Denver Service Center 12795 W. Alameda Parkway Denver, Colorado 80225 Prepared by: EYP Architecture & Engineering 1000 Potomac Street, NW Washington, DC 20007 July 24, 2018 Arlington Ridge Park George Washington Memorial Parkway US Marine Corps War Memorial Comfort Station Project NCPC Concept Report 2/47 Arlington Ridge Park George Washington Memorial Parkway US Marine Corps War Memorial Comfort Station Project NCPC Concept Report Table of Contents Page Project Overview…………………………………………………………………………6 Project Background and Purpose…………………………………………………..…6 Political History……………………………………………………………………....7 Description of Project Area…………………………………………………………….7 Arlington Ridge Park………………………………………………………...……….7 Memorial Grounds……………………………………………………………………7 Description of Proposed Development and Alternatives…………………………..….8 Proposed Development……………………………………………………………….8 Project Design Option 1………………………………………………………….….10 Project Design Option 2……………………………………………………………..13 Final Option Selection……………………………….……………………………....15 Master Plan Alignment………………………………………………………………...16 Schedule…………………………………………………………………………………16 Project Cost Estimate………………………………………………….……………….17 Outreach and Coordination………………………………….……………………….18 Updates to Previous Submissions…………………..………………………………...21 Commission Comment from Prior Review……………………………………………21
    [Show full text]
  • Maryland in the American Revolution
    382-MD BKLT COVER fin:382-MD BKLT COVER 2/13/09 2:55 PM Page c-4 Maryland in the Ame rican Re volution An Exhibition by The Society of the Cincinnati Maryland in the Ame rican Re volution An Exhibition by The Society of the Cincinnati Anderson House Wash ingt on, D .C. February 27 – September 5, 2009 his catalogue has been produced in conjunction with the exhibition Maryland in the American Revolution on display fTrom February 27 to September 5, 2009, at Anderson House, the headquarters, library, and museum of The Society of the Cincinnati in Washington, D.C. The exhibition is the eleventh in a series focusing on the contributions to the e do most Solemnly pledge American Revolution made by the original thirteen states ourselves to Each Other and France. W & to our Country, and Engage Generous support for this exhibition and catalogue was provided by the Society of the Cincinnati of Maryland. ourselves by Every Thing held Sacred among Mankind to Also available: Massachusetts in the American Revolution: perform the Same at the Risque “Let It Begin Here” (1997) of our Lives and fortunes. New York in the American Revolution (1998) New Jersey in the American Revolution (1999) — Bush River Declaration Rhode Island in the American Revolution (2000) by the Committee of Observation, Connecticut in the American Revolution (2001) Delaware in the American Revolution (2002) Harford County, Maryland Georgia in the American Revolution (2003) March 22, 1775 South Carolina in the American Revolution (2004) Pennsylvania in the American Revolution (2005) North Carolina in the American Revolution (2006) Text by Emily L.
    [Show full text]
  • PA Project Part 4
    CHRONOLOGY OF THE MARCH THROUGH PENNSYLVANIA 30 August 1781 The Land Route of Generals George Washington and the comte de Rochambeau to Philadelphia in September 1781 (Route Number 1): In his diary, Washington wrote 30th. I set out myself for Philadelphia to arrange matters there - provide Vessels & hasten the transportation of the Ordnance Stores, &ca. - directing before I set out, the secd. York Regiment (which had not all arrived from Albany before we left Kings ferry) to follow with the Boats- -Intrenching Tools &ca. the French Rear to Trenton. 31st. Arrived at Philadelphia to dinner and immediately hastened up all the Vessels that could be procured--but finding them inadequate to the purpose of transporting both Troops & Stores, Count de Rochambeau & myself concluded it would be best to let the Troops March by land to the head of Elk, & gave directions accordingly to all but the 2d. York Regiment which was ordered (with its baggage) to come down in the Batteaux they had in charge to Christiana bridge.392 This diary entry seems proof that Washington and Rochambeau arrived in Philadelphia on 31 August, but both Washington's private secretary Jonathan Trumbull and Baron Closen give 30 August as the date of arrival, a date that is also reported by the Philadelphia Packet in its edition for 2 September. Since Washington and Rochambeau had crossed the Delaware in the morning of 30 August, an arrival date in Philadelphia of 31 August seems unlikely given the relatively short distance, 30 miles, which the generals had to travel to get to Philadelphia.
    [Show full text]
  • The Struggle for Liberty the Outcome of a Battle? Why Was This Period of the War So Difficult for the 5
    DO NOT EDIT--Changes must be made through “File info” CorrectionKey=TX-A SECTION 3 The Struggle for TEKS 2A, 4B, 4C, 10C, 22B, 25B Liberty What You Will Learn… If YOU were there... Main Ideas You are a serving maid at an inn in New York City. British soldiers 1. Many Americans supported often stop at the inn for a meal. You sometimes overhear their con- the war effort. 2. The Patriots both won and versations, though they don’t notice you. Now a Patriot leader has lost battles during the years asked you to bring him any information you hear. You want to help 1775–1777. 3. France and Spain helped the the Patriot cause but wonder what will happen if you are caught Patriots fight the British. spying. 4. The winter at Valley Forge tested the strength of Patriot Would you agree to spy for the Patriots? troops. 5. The war continued at sea and in the West. BUILDING BACKGROUND Many colonists struggled for the Patriot The Big Idea cause. Men, women, and children all made important contributions. Patriot forces faced many obstacles in the war against They fought, kept farms and shops running, and provided food and Britain. supplies. In spite of their efforts, winning the war was a great chal- lenge. Key Terms and People mercenaries, p. 128 Battle of Trenton, p. 129 Supporting the War Effort Battle of Saratoga, p. 130 George Washington’s chief task as the Continental Army’s com- Marquis de Lafayette, p. 131 mander in chief was to raise troops.
    [Show full text]
  • National Register of Historic Places Registration Form
    NPS Porm 10-900 OMfl Mo. f 024-00 jj <R*v 9-M) United States Department of the interior National Park Service -•" 141390 National Register of Historic Places Registration Form This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations of eligibility for individual properties or districts. See instructions in Guidelines for Completing National Register Forms (National Register Bulletin 16). Complete each item by marking "x" in the appropriate box or by entering the requested information. If an item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, styles, materials, and areas of significance, enter only the categories and subcategories listed in the instructions. For additional space use continuation sheets (Form 10-900a). Type all entries. 1. Name of Property ___ ________________ ___ ___ ___ historic name Wetzel, Margaret/ House__________________^ other names/site number Alumni House, The George Washington University 2. Location street & number 714 21st Street, N.W. "I I not for publication N/A~ city, town Washington I 1 vicinity N/A state District of code DC county District of code 001 zip code 20052 Columbia Columbia 3. Classification Ownership of Property Category of Property Number of Resources within Property fx| private [x] building(s) Contributing Noncontributing I I public-local I I district 1 ____buildings I 1 public-State Osite ____ _____ sites I I public-Federal C~] structure _______ ______ structures I I object ____ ____ objects _1__ ____ Total Name of related multiple property listing: Number of contributing resources previously IN / £\ listed in the National Register _Q_______ 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Mount Vernon Avenue Business Area Plan
    The Mount Vernon Avenue Business Area Plan The City of Alexandria, Virginia Department of Planning and Zoning ADOPTED MAY 2005 Acknowledgements City Council Alice Kale, Watercolors and Drawings, Mayor William D. Euille 703-683-3988, [email protected], copyright 2003. Vice Mayor Redella S. Pepper Councilman Ludwig P. Gaines Mt. Vernon Avenue Work Group Councilman K. Rob Krupicka Michael Babin Bill Hendrickson Councilman Andrew H. MacDonald, PHD Lee Blount Bob Larson Councilman Paul C. Smedberg Wendy Campbell Joe Lavigne Councilwoman Joyce Woodson Marilyn Doherty Marlin Lord Harry M. Falconer, Jr. Pat Miller Planning Commission Mary Ellis Fannon Kevin Reilly Chair Eric R.Wagner David Fromm Gayle Reuter Vice Chair Richard Leibach Joan Gaskins Stephanie Sample Donna Fossum Donal Goff Robert Steele John Komoroske Tara Hardiman Lois Walker H. Stewart Dunn, Jr. Sarah Haut Tom Welsh J. Lawrence Robinson Jesse Jennings Interdepartmental Team City Manager’s Office Alexandria Transit Company (DASH) James K. Hartmann, City Manager Sandy Modell Philip Sunderland, Former City Manager Al Himes Department of Planning and Zoning Fire Department, Code Enforcement Eileen Fogarty, Director Gary Mesaris, Fire Chief Kimberley Fogle, Chief, Neighborhood Planning and Arthur Dahlberg, Director Community Development Robert Rodriguez Kathleen Beeton, Urban Planner Eric Forman, Urban Planner General Services Consultant Team Peter Geiling EDAW Office of Historic Alexandria Paul Moyer, AICP Pamela Cressey Natalie Topa The Oderma� Group Office of Housing Robert A. Oderma�, FAIA Mildrilyn Davis, Director Robert Eiffert Ehrenkrantz, Eckstut and Kuhn Architects Ma�hew J. Bell, AIA Human Services Jeff A. Evans Colby Hatch Kimley-Horn Associates, Inc, Recreation, Parks and Cultural Affairs Edward Y.
    [Show full text]
  • Rochambeau Revolutionary Route in the State of New York, 1781-1782
    THE WASHINGTON - ROCHAMBEAU REVOLUTIONARY ROUTE IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK, 1781-1782 An Historical And Architectural Survey Project Historian: ROBERT A. SELIG, Ph. D. Project Director: Dr. James M. Johnson, Colonel, US Army (Ret.) Sponsor: Florence Gould Foundation Administered by: Hudson River Valley Greenway 2001 Hudson River Valley Greenway Capitol Building Capitol Station Room 254 Albany, NY 12224 Tel.: (518) 473 3835 Fax: (518) 473 4518 www.hudsongreenway.state.ny.us Copyright © Robert A. Selig For additions/corrections/suggestions contact the author at www.xenophongroup.com/vita/selig For additional copies of this report contact: Hudson River Valley Institute Marist College 3399 North Road Poughkeepsie, New York 12601-1387 Phone: Fax: 845-575-3052 845-575-3560 [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 5 2. INTRODUCTION Purpose of the Project 6 Scope of the Project 7 Goals of the Project 8 Sources 9 3. METHODOLOGY 3.1 Criteria for Selection: How Sites Were Chosen for Inclusion 12 3.2 The Form 14 3.3 Other Parts of the Survey Report 15 3.4 Recommendations 15 4. LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF THE ROUTE 17 5. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 5.1 France and Great Britain on the Eve of American Independence 21 5.2 French Aid prior to the Alliance of 1778 24 5.3 The Failed Invasion of 1779 and the Decision to send Troops to America 33 5.4 The Comte de Rochambeau and the troops of the expédition particulière 35 5.4.1 The Officer Corps 36 5.4.2 The Rank and File 44 6.
    [Show full text]