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Woodlawn Historic District in Fairfax Co VA
a l i i Woodlawn was a gift from George Washington In 1846, a group of northern Quakers purchased n a i r g to his step-granddaughter, Eleanor “Nelly” the estate. Their aim was to create a farming T r i e Custis, on her marriage to his nephew Lawrence community of free African Americans and white V , TION ag A y t V i t Lewis. Washington selected the home site settlers to prove that small farms could succeed r e himself, carving nearly 2,000 acres from his with free labor in this slave-holding state. oun H Mount Vernon Estate. It included Washington’s C ac x Gristmill & Distillery (below), the largest producer The Quakers lived and worshipped in the a f om Woodlawn home until their more modest r t of whiskey in America at the time. o ai farmhouses and meetinghouse (below) were F P Completed in 1805, the Woodlawn Home soon built. Over forty families from Quaker, Baptist, TIONAL TRUST FOR HISTORIC PRESER became a cultural center. The Lewises hosted and Methodist faiths joined this diverse, ”free- many notable guests, including John Adams, labor” settlement that fl ourished into the early Robert E. Lee and the Marquis de Lafayette. 20th century. TESY OF THE NA COUR t Woodlawn became the fi rst property c of The National Trust for Historic Preservation in 1951. This private non- ri profi t is dedicated to working with t communities to save historic places. s i When construction of Route 66 threatened the nearby Pope-Leighey House (below), designed by renowned D architect Frank Lloyd Wright, the c National Trust relocated this historic home to Woodlawn. -
Mount Rushmore
MOUNT RUSHMORE National Memorial SOUTH DAKOTA of Mount Rushmore. This robust man with The model was first measured by fastening a his great variety of interests and talents left horizontal bar on the top and center of the head. As this extended out over the face a plumb bob MOUNT RUSHMORE his mark on his country. His career encom was dropped to the point of the nose, or other passed roles of political reformer, trust buster, projections of the face. Since the model of Wash rancher, soldier, writer, historian, explorer, ington's face was five feet tall, these measurements hunter, conservationist, and vigorous execu were then multiplied by twelve and transferred to NATIONAL MEMORIAL the mountain by using a similar but larger device. tive of his country. He was equally at home Instead of a small beam, a thirty-foot swinging on the western range, in an eastern drawing Four giants of American history are memorialized here in lasting granite, their likenesses boom was used, connected to the stone which would room, or at the Court of St. James. He typi ultimately be the top of Washington's head and carved in proportions symbolical of greatness. fied the virile American of the last quarter extending over the granite cliff. A plumb bob of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th was lowered from the boom. The problem was to adjust the measurements from the scale of the centuries. More than most Presidents, he and he presided over the Constitutional Con model to the mountain. The first step was to locate On the granite face of 6,000-foot high knew the West. -
The Battles of Germantown: Public History and Preservation in America’S Most Historic Neighborhood During the Twentieth Century
The Battles of Germantown: Public History and Preservation in America’s Most Historic Neighborhood During the Twentieth Century Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By David W. Young Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2009 Dissertation Committee: Steven Conn, Advisor Saul Cornell David Steigerwald Copyright by David W. Young 2009 Abstract This dissertation examines how public history and historic preservation have changed during the twentieth century by examining the Germantown neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1683, Germantown is one of America’s most historic neighborhoods, with resonant landmarks related to the nation’s political, military, industrial, and cultural history. Efforts to preserve the historic sites of the neighborhood have resulted in the presence of fourteen historic sites and house museums, including sites owned by the National Park Service, the National Trust for Historic Preservation, and the City of Philadelphia. Germantown is also a neighborhood where many of the ills that came to beset many American cities in the twentieth century are easy to spot. The 2000 census showed that one quarter of its citizens live at or below the poverty line. Germantown High School recently made national headlines when students there attacked a popular teacher, causing severe injuries. Many businesses and landmark buildings now stand shuttered in community that no longer can draw on the manufacturing or retail economy it once did. Germantown’s twentieth century has seen remarkably creative approaches to contemporary problems using historic preservation at their core. -
The George Washington University
The George Washington University Degree Programmme Does your University accept the Yes. HKCEE grades are considered direct equivalents to GCSE HKCEE and HKALE for exams. The HKALE grades are equivalent to GCE A-level. admission to your University? What are the entry requirements HKALE grades A-C. for a student with HKCEE and HKCEE in a broad range of subjects – the majority should be grade HKALE qualifications entering A-B. your University? Do students with HKCEE and Students must take the SAT or ACT and have an official score report HKALE qualifications have to sit sent from the College Board to the George Washington University. an entrance examination to enter your University? Is there a language proficiency Students must submit an official TOEFL score (Test of English as a test that students with HKCEE Foreign Language) unless the student scores a 550 or higher on the and HKALE qualifications critical reading section of the SAT. wishing to enter your University must take? Is there a standard on an For TOEFL minimum requirements visit: international English scale that http://gwired.gwu.edu/adm/apply/international.html students with HKCEE and HKALE qualifications wishing to enter your University must reach? Are there any other tests that No. students with HKCEE and HKALE qualifications wishing to enter your University must take? When must they be taken? Is there an entry quota that No. applies to students with HKCEE and HKALE qualifications wishing to enter your University? Where can information be Up-to-date information can be found -
Mount Vernon Distillery Project: of Workers and Race
kelly UW-L Journal of Undergraduate Research XIII (2010) Mount Vernon Distillery Project: Of Workers and Race Elizabeth Kelly Faculty Sponsors: Timothy McAndrews and David Anderson, Department of Sociology and Archaeology ABSTRACT The domestic artifacts of the Mount Vernon distillery site offer data on the lives of white workers. In comparing the domestic glass and ceramic artifacts of the distillery with comparable glass and ceramic data found at the slave site House for Families, the similarities and differences between the two groups can be seen. The artifact comparison may make it possible to determine if slave workers lived at the distillery along with the white workers. The artifact comparison showed that slaves and white workers were similar in being limited by their means. The existence of slave workers living at the distillery could not be determined at this time; however, potential areas for future analysis were presented. INTRODUCTION Historical archaeology is a discipline that has seen a shift in its focus over the years. The original interest of historical archaeology lay with the leaders of America. Archaeologists and historians studied and researched primarily the men who shaped and developed America. During the Civil Rights movement and other social movements of the 60's and 70's, historical archaeologists changed their focus. While there is still a strong interest in significant historical figures, there is a strong interest in historical archaeology concerning women, children, and slaves. This grouping had previously been neglected but was now the forefront of interest. Despite this focus on the less powerful of society, I have still found there to be a significant gap in research. -
Qeorge Washington Birthplace UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT of the INTERIOR Fred A
Qeorge Washington Birthplace UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fred A. Seaton, Secretary NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Conrad L. Wirth, Director HISTORICAL HANDBOOK NUMBER TWENTY-SIX This publication is one of a series of handbooks describing the historical and archcological areas in the National Park System administered by the National Park Service of the United States Department of the Interior. It is printed by the Government Printing Office and may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C. Price 25 cents. GEORGE WASHINGTON BIRTHPLACE National Monument Virginia by J. Paul Hudson NATIONAL PARK SERVICE HISTORICAL HANDBOOK SERIES No. 26 Washington, D. C, 1956 The National Park System, of which George Washington Birthplace National Monument is a unit, is dedicated to conserving the scenic, scientific, and historic heritage of the United States for the benefit and enjoyment of its people. Qontents Page JOHN WASHINGTON 5 LAWRENCE WASHINGTON 6 AUGUSTINE WASHINGTON 10 Early Life 10 First Marriage 10 Purchase of Popes Creek Farm 12 Building the Birthplace Home 12 The Birthplace 12 Second Marriage 14 Virginia in 1732 14 GEORGE WASHINGTON 16 THE DISASTROUS FIRE 22 A CENTURY OF NEGLECT 23 THE SAVING OF WASHINGTON'S BIRTHPLACE 27 GUIDE TO THE AREA 33 HOW TO REACH THE MONUMENT 43 ABOUT YOUR VISIT 43 RELATED AREAS 44 ADMINISTRATION 44 SUGGESTED READINGS 44 George Washington, colonel of the Virginia militia at the age of 40. From a painting by Charles Willson Peale. Courtesy, Washington and Lee University. IV GEORGE WASHINGTON "... His integrity was most pure, his justice the most inflexible I have ever known, no motives . -
From HFC's Director
National Park Service HFCU.S. Department of the Interior onMEDIA May / June | 2008 Issue 23 Yellowstone National Park’s In This Issue “Roving Ranger” videocasts enable visitors to download interpretive content from Interpretive the Web to their own digital Techniques in device, and then play back 2 New Media the content during their park visit. New technology like this gives our audiences greater control over when, What New where, and how they receive Media Products interpretive information. 5 are Parks Using Learn more about new me- Today? dia products like this starting on page 5. (NPS Photo) New Employees and Staff News 6 at Harpers Ferry From HFC’s Director Center New media—digital and often web-based—off er the interpretation and education pro- HFC Products fessional many opportunities to deliver information to our many audiences. More than 11 Receive Awards ever before, these tools allow us to target our messages to very specifi c demographics and create a whole new palette of experiences for visitors. New Film Pre- Each of the “new media” technologies has its own content requirements, operational mieres at Home- regimes, and investment and life cycle costs. As a result, some are more successful in park 14 stead National environments than others. In this issue, we take a look at a few of the new technologies Monument that have been used in our parks and hear from experienced park professionals about the challenges, successes, and lessons learned as they have implemented new media products in their park. New Graphic 15 Identity Website Even though many of these exciting new media solutions are by design “user generated” Launched at the park site, Harpers Ferry Center looks forward to helping parks prepare their con- tent and create standards that benefi t the NPS system-wide. -
Exclusive Rulebookrulebook
SARATOGA 1 The Turning Point of the American Revolution, 1777 EXCLUSIVEEXCLUSIVE RULEBOOKRULEBOOK TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Prepare for Play .................................................... 2 7. Special Scenario Rules ......................................... 6 2. How to Win ........................................................... 2 8. Historical Scenario, “Freeman’s Farm” ................ 7 3. Special Rules ........................................................ 3 9. Scenario Victory Conditions ................................. 7 4. Variants ................................................................ 4 10. Special Scenario Rules ......................................... 8 5. Saratoga “Next Day” Scenario Setup ................... 4 Historical Article: Saratoga .......................................... 9 6. Scenario Victory Conditions ................................. 5 Counter scans ............................................................... 15 GMT Games, LLC Ammo Depletion Log .................................................. 16 P.O. Box 1308, Hanford, CA 93232-1308 www.GMTGames.com © 2006 and 2017 GMT Games, LLC 3rd Edition 2 SARATOGA 1.4 Scenario Length Introduction The scenario begins on Turn 1, and ends on Turn 12, unless ei- This, the Third Edition of Saratoga, contains significant differ- ther side achieves a Decisive or Substantial victory before then. ences from previous editions including rules changes or modifi- cations, changes in terrain, and new or re-named units. Terrain 1.5. Player Order and Initiative and -
George Washington Nelson Katarina Wonders
Prisoner of War: George Washington Nelson Katarina Wonders George Washington Nelson, affectionately known as Wash, was the nephew of Long Branch Plantation owners Hugh M. and Adelaide Nelson, a University of Virginia alumnus, and a Captain in the Confederate Army. Additionally, he was also one of many men captured and imprisoned during the Civil War. George and his companion Thomas Randolph were captured by Union soldiers on October 26th, 1863 in Millwood, VA while eating dinner.1 This domestic capture was the first of many oddities during George’s time as a Prisoner of War, since most soldiers were typically captured during, or as a result of, battle. George’s experiences as a POW demonstrate the common sufferings of men in Union prisons, while also allowing for a unique comparison between locations, as most prisoners did not move around nearly as much as George. Recounting his experiences as a POW, George wrote a brief narrative just over 10 years after his exchange on June 13th, 1865. The first night of his imprisonment was spent at Nineveh, Virginia under Captain Bailey. Wash makes a special note to credit Bailey for his immense kindness during their short period of time together. In Nineveh, the Captain lent George his gloves, and in Strasburg the next evening, Bailey gave the men a “first-rate supper” and tobacco before handing them off to the next set of Union men in Harper’s Ferry.2 The night spent in the “John Brown Engine House” was the first of Wash’s experience in a Union prison. He describes it as having “no beds, no seats, and the floor and walls were alive with lice.”3 After that night, the men were sent to Wheeling, West Virginia, where they found relatively nicer living conditions, but were soon sent to Camp Chase in Ohio only two or three nights later. -
Quantifying Visitor Impact and Material Degradation at George Washington's Mount Vernon Laurel Lynne Bartlett Clemson University, [email protected]
Clemson University TigerPrints All Theses Theses 5-2013 Quantifying Visitor Impact and Material Degradation at George Washington's Mount Vernon Laurel Lynne Bartlett Clemson University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses Part of the Historic Preservation and Conservation Commons Recommended Citation Bartlett, Laurel Lynne, "Quantifying Visitor Impact and Material Degradation at George Washington's Mount Vernon" (2013). All Theses. 1599. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/1599 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. QUANTIFYING VISITOR IMPACT AND MATERIAL DEGRADATION AT GEORGE WASHINGTON’S MOUNT VERNON A Thesis Presented to the Graduate Schools of Clemson University and the College of Charleston In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Historic Preservation by Laurel Lynne Bartlett May 2013 Accepted by: Dr. Carter L. Hudgins, Committee Chair Frances Ford Ralph Muldrow Elizabeth Ryan ABSTRACT Over one million visitors per year traverse the visitor path through George Washington’s home at Mount Vernon. Increased visitation has tested the limits of the architectural materials and created the single most threatening source of degradation. While the history of Mount Vernon is dotted with attempts to mitigate damage caused by visitors, scientific analysis of the dynamic impacts to the historic fabric is needed to preserve the integrity of the preeminent national house museum. The following thesis presents a holistic analysis of visitor impact and material degradation occurring at Mount Vernon. -
Tax Protesters During the Whiskey Rebellion
Tax Protesters during the Whiskey Rebellion George Washington reviewing troops from PBS An American Experience Nearly twenty years after the revolutionary War began, the United States government faced a small-scale revolution by some of its own citizens. As in the previous war, taxes were a central issue. And Alexander Hamilton understood that putting down this rebellion was critical to the life of the nation. In order to create a self-supporting and effective government, Treasury Secretary Hamilton knew he needed to find a steady source of revenue. He proposed an excise tax on whiskey produced in the United States, and Congress instituted the levy in 1791. In general, the citizens of that time felt negatively toward the idea of taxation. The farmers of western Pennsylvania, many of whom distilled whiskey and profited from its sale, proved outright hostile to the idea. In July of 1794, a force of disaffected whiskey rebels attacked and destroyed the home of a tax inspector. The rebellion grew in numbers, if not in actions, and threatened to spread to other states. Hamilton knew that the presence of a large and potentially hostile force in Pennsylvania could not be tolerated. If the government were to survive, it would have to show itself capable of keeping control. Hamilton advocated the use of military force; President George Washington instead put state militias on the ready and sent in negotiators. When talks proved fruitless, Washington acquiesced to Hamilton's view. A force of 13,000 militia troops, led by Hamilton and Virginia governor Henry Lee, marched into western Pennsylvania. -
Lyndon Baines Johnson Memorial Grove on the Potomac Washington, D
10-900 OHB Mo. 1U-, . 10-90) RECEIVED 2289 •»i .I " United States Department of the Interior National Park Service JUN12 NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM Lyndon Baines Johnson Memorial Grove on the Potomac Washington, D. C. (Page 1) This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in How tc Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (National Register Bulletin 16A). Complete each item by marking x" in the appropriate box or by entering the information requested. If any item does not apply to the property being documented, entet *N/A" for ©not applicable/ For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories anc subcategories from the instructions. Place additional entries and narrative items on continuation sheets (NPS Form 10-900a). Use * typewriter, word processor, or computer, to complete all items. 1. Name of Property historic name Lyndon Baines Johnson Memorial Grove on the Potomac_ other names/site number _____________________________________ 2. Location street & number Lady Bird Johnson Park________ not for publication city or town Columbia Island. Washington. D. C. vicinity X. state __________________ code county code zip code _______ 3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1986, as amended, I hereby certify that this X_ nomination __ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register o; Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property *»y meets __ does not meet the National Register Criteria I recommend that this property be considered significant X nationally _ statewide _ locally.