NCPC Final Report

for

CONSTRUCT NEW COMFORT STATION AT U.S. MARINE CORPS

GEORGE MEMORIAL PARKWAY Arlington,

GWMP 231335

Prepared for: Department of the Interior Denver Service Center 12795 W. Alameda Parkway Denver, Colorado 80225

Prepared by:

EYP Architecture & Engineering 1000 Potomac Street, NW Washington, DC 20007

July 24, 2018

Arlington Ridge Park Memorial Parkway US Marine Corps War Memorial Comfort Station Project NCPC Concept Report

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Table of Contents Page

Project Overview…………………………………………………………………………6  Project Background and Purpose…………………………………………………..…6  Political History……………………………………………………………………....7 Description of Project Area…………………………………………………………….7  Arlington Ridge Park………………………………………………………...……….7  Memorial Grounds……………………………………………………………………7 Description of Proposed Development and Alternatives…………………………..….8  Proposed Development……………………………………………………………….8  Project Design Option 1………………………………………………………….….10  Project Design Option 2……………………………………………………………..13  Final Option Selection……………………………….……………………………....15 Master Plan Alignment………………………………………………………………...16 Schedule…………………………………………………………………………………16 Project Cost Estimate………………………………………………….……………….17

Outreach and Coordination………………………………….……………………….18

Updates to Previous Submissions…………………..………………………………...21 Commission Comment from Prior Review……………………………………………21 Proposed Building………………………………………………………………...…….21  Exterior Materials…………………………………………………………………….22  Renderings, Plans, and Building Sections…………………...……………………….23 Site Plan………………………………………………………………………………….28 Vicinity Map…………………………………………………………….……………….29 Architectural and Design Program…………………………………………………….29  Site Program………………………………………………………………………….29  Architectural Program……………………………………………………….……….30 Landscape and Streetscape Plan……………………………………………………….32  Existing Vegetation………………………………………………………….……….32  Existing Topography………………………………………………………...……….32  Existing Lighting……………………………………………………………………..32  Proposed Vegetation………………………………………………………...……….33  Proposed Topography……………………………………………………….……….33  Proposed Site Material and Furnishings……………………………………………..33 Transportation and Circulation……………………………………………………….33  Circulation and Materials…………………………………...……………………….34 Perimeter Security……………………………………………………….……………..34 Photographs…………………………………………………………………………….35

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Table of Contents - continued Page

Environmental and Historical Considerations……………………………….…37 Historic Preservation………………………………………………….………………37  Historic Significance Statement of the Cultural Landscape……………...………...37  Compliance with NPS Cultural Resources Management Policies………………….41 Natural Resources……………………………………………………………………..41 Energy…………………………………………………………………………...……..41 Public Realm and Viewsheds…………………………………………..……………..44 Flooding……………………………………………………………………….………..46 Stormwater Management……………………………………………………………..46 Green Roof……………………………………………………………………………..46

Appendix A – PEPC Report GWMP 231335 092618………………………….47 Appendix B – 100% Construction Documents Appendix C – Final CFA Booklet and Letter

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Project Overview Project Background and Purpose The U.S. Marine Corps War Memorial, completed in 1954, is located at Arlington Ridge Park within the George Washington Memorial Parkway. The Memorial honors "United States Marine Corps who have given their lives to their country since November 10, 1775", and depicts five U.S. Marines and a U.S. Navy corpsman raising the American flag on Iwo Jima during World War II. This iconic Memorial is sited immediately adjacent to Arlington National Cemetery, and it is also part of the Memorial Core and complements a series of monuments and historic sites in and around the Nation’s Capital. The Memorial is designated as a Category II Landmark by the Joint Capital Region Office of Design Services. The U.S. Marine Corps War Memorial presently hosts well over 1.2 million visitors annually but offers no Architectural Barriers Act Accessibility Standards (ABAAS) compliant comfort stations, visitor service features or visitor contact station. Portable toilets are the only restroom facilities currently available at the site. The high volume of visitation requires frequent service calls to pump, clean and maintain the portable toilet facilities. It is difficult to maintain a high level of cleanliness at the portable toilets, particularly during special events such as the U. S. Marine Corps Sunset Parade, which takes place every Tuesday evening from late May through August. Each Sunset Parade is attended by thousands of visitors. This project will construct a small comfort/contact station facility at the United States Marine Corps War Memorial. The facility is planned with a footprint of approximately 1,200 square feet to make the smallest possible imprint on the landscape. The facility will be designed to a minimum LEED Silver level. The planned location of the comfort station is removed from the nearby Memorial, while remaining visible and easily accessible to the public. The facility will include three accessible restrooms (male, female, and unisex) with low flow fixtures to replace several portable toilets currently being utilized. A small visitor contact station, a water bottle filling station, janitor closet, mechanical closet, and below grade sewer pump station are included for the planned facility. The facility and immediate site area will meet all ABAAS requirements. An accessible route will be provided from the nearby existing accessible parking and planned facility. The comfort station accessible path will tie into the existing pedestrian walkways. Expansion of public and staff parking is not planned for this project. A paved/semi-paved area will be provided near the new facility adjacent to the pedestrian walkways for event related commercial (portable restrooms or concessions trucks) and/or for the erection of tents to minimize damage to turf areas during large events. The project will also improve the outdoor lighting at the site to facilitate wayfinding to/from the comfort station

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Arlington Ridge Park

. Figure 1: Map of the George Washington Memorial Parkway Historic District and Cultural Landscape (Source: National Park Service)

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Political History There is substantial political interest regarding this project. House Resolution (H.R.) 4789 (114th Congress) authorizes the Secretary of the Interior to “establish a structure for visitor services on the Arlington Ridge tract, in the area of the U. S. Marine Corps War Memorial”. H.R. 4789 was introduced on March 17, 2016, by Congressman Donald S. Beyer, Jr. (D-VA). The bill was referred to the Committee on Natural Resources, and within the Committee to the Subcommittee on Federal Lands. On May 24, 2016, the Subcommittee held a hearing on the bill. On June 14, 2016, the Natural Resources Committee met to consider the bill. The Subcommittee was discharged by unanimous consent. No amendments were offered, and the bill was ordered favorably reported to the House of Representatives by unanimous consent on June 15, 2016. On July 14, 2016, this H.R. was committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union and ordered to be printed. Another resolution was passed through the House in February 2017, HR 1073, which included the same language as the 2016 version. The Department of the Interior supports the bill. Description of Project Area Arlington Ridge Park Arlington Ridge Park, one of 25 park units within the administrative unit of the George Washington Memorial Parkway, is a 27.5-acre site which surrounds two major memorials set within two distinct landscape treatments. To the north the U.S. Marine Corps War Memorial is a symmetrical, formal landscape focused on the memorial statue and including the parade ground and the reviewing stands. To the south the structure is in the center of a small plaza surrounded by a meandering, naturalistic landscape. To the west of the Carillon is an area of mature woods which visually separates the Carillon from the adjacent residential neighborhood. Changes to the natural topography have occurred to create the George Washington Memorial Parkway itself between the park and the river and to provide level ground for both memorials.

Memorial Grounds The grounds of the U.S. Marine Corp War Memorial and Netherlands Carillon are open from 6am until midnight year-round. The National Park Service Division of Visitor Service provided the following rough sketch of the historic visitation to the Memorial in a February 3, 2016 memo and serves as the basis for the program requirements noted in this document.  Peak (traditionally July and August) hourly visitation: o Estimated to be 250 – 300 at a single point in time on a typical day. o Estimate calculated based on 4 buses @ 55 passengers, plus incidental visitors. o 6 buses on rare occasions o 500 per hour might be a good ballpark figure for absolute peak visitation (used as basis for water analysis study)

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 Average in busy season (April through June and September through October) hourly visitation: o Estimate 50 – 100  Events: o Mid-June through Mid-August on Tuesday evenings, the U.S. Marine Corps band performs free hour-long drum and bugle concerts called Sunset Parades. During the Sunset Parades, parking is not permitted on the memorial grounds, but visitors may park at Arlington National Cemetery Visitors Center and take a shuttle to the grounds. The Sunset Parades will draw between 2,000 to 3,000. Marines typically bring a trailer to augment restroom facilities during the Sunset Parades. o Netherland Carillon concerts draw between 100 – 300. Automated concerts occur daily at 12pm and 6pm. Special two-hour concerts occur weekly between the end of May and early September. o Marine Corps Marathon (occurs in late October) and July 4th draw tens of thousands.  Key visitor statistics from visitor study performed on site for a week the beginning of June 1998 for the Netherlands Carillon and US Marine Corps War Memorial o 37% of visitors were family groups. o 31% of visitors were aged 36 – 50 and 21% of visitors were under the age of 15. o 82% of the visitors spend one hour or less at the park and of those 44% spend one half hour or less. o 40% of visitors traveled to site by foot, 24% use a private and 25% arrive on an organized tour group bus to get to the Memorials. Description of Proposed Development and Alternatives Proposed Development The proposed building is a modernist pavilion with simple, durable materials; limited geometric moves; clean modular form; and a generous covered plaza to create an inviting space with minimal impacts to the surrounding park and memorials. The form and design shall answer the following question: what are the ways in which this project can provide occupant comfort, or respite from the elements, for visitors to the memorials? The following are key ways in which this can be achieved:  Arlington Ridge Park has little shade available, which can be oppressive in summer heat and unpleasant in inclement weather. The proposed comfort/contact station design aims to provide as much shade as practicable given budget, site, and view constraints, due to the large user groups that regularly visit the site by bus.  The building character shall be inviting, and occupant safety shall be prioritized. Direct visibility of the rest room doors to the circular drive on Arlington Ridge Park will allow park police to view activity at the facility. Rest room doors shall be configured such that a single gate (either sliding, swing, or overhead) could be provided to close all rest rooms. Proximity to the path, which allows visitors to feel less isolated and unsafe, must be balanced against the presence of the building on site. Similarly, lighting levels must balance a need to provide

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enough light for perceived and actual security while minimizing light leakage to the Memorials.  The high-performance design process will be followed to explore ways in which materiality and geometry can contribute to a more comfortable outdoor space.  ABAAS requirements and universal design principles will be considered to bring occupant comfort to all occupants that visit the site.  Visual cues will be used in lieu of extensive signage to provide a sense of direction at the facility. Contrasting materials are proposed at the rest room entrances to provide wayfinding in a means that minimally impacts the Memorials. Security gates will provide visual cues that the facilities are closed without the need to leave the main path. Key site characteristics that will be developed to accommodate the proposed comfort/contact station include:  Connecting pathways that minimize the travel distance for visitors to the extent possible and that exceed the minimal requirements for universal accessibility.  Site lighting that properly illuminates the connecting pathway and plaza without visually detracting from the adjacent memorials or the natural setting.  The use of construction materials that are sensitive to and compatible with the character- defining features and materials of the memorials and the surrounding cultural landscape. The materials utilized at the existing memorials and on the site range from the noble (polished granite, bronze) to decorative but durable (aggregated pre-cast concrete) to the industrial (poured-in-place concrete and structural steel). The following Project Design Options were considered for the project: Project Design Option 1 Site In Project Design Option 1, the plaza and comfort station are oriented perpendicular to the existing pedestrian walkway to the north. One accessible connecting walkway is aligned with the existing route to the Marine Corps War Memorial and accessible parking area, while a secondary path and seating area are located to the east. With approximately 1,075 sf of covered hardscape, the plaza exceeds site program requirements, as recommended by the Park Service, to provide a generous space for protection from rain and sun.

Benches along the east and west edges of the plaza frame the space. The majority are covered by the extended comfort station roof, and these benches offer seating convenient to both the contact station window and restroom entry points. Adjacent unoccupied areas provide space for visitors in wheelchairs to wait or gather with seated companions.

The proposed semi-paved area is located east of the facility site on the north side of the existing asphalt walkway.

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Architecture Project Design Option 1 is primarily oriented north-south. The plumbing, except for the mop sink, all backs up to a single central chase, with a human accessible portion behind the toilet stalls and a more compact chase behind the sinks. The Unisex Restroom is centered between the Male and Female Restrooms, and access to the Janitor’s Closet is through the Male Restroom. The contact station and mechanical room have direct exterior access. A stair would be required to connect the floor level of the mechanical room with the surrounding grade. The plaza boundary to the east is driven by the existing door location.

This Project Design Option can be explored with an attached or detached contact station; to minimize the footprint of the building it has been shown attached. The entrance to the Female Restroom could be rotated to match the entrance to the Male Restroom, create a smaller vestibule to lock, and improve the lines of site into the Female Restroom. However, this would also reduce the space at the doors and possibly lead to congestion during busy hours.

The exterior enclosure of the building features a solid primary axis to the east of the structure, connecting the contact station and the comfort station. The glass at the contact station provides views to the path and rest rooms. The primary wall reduces in height to a seat wall to provide better visibility to the memorials; however, the contact station is focused mostly on views to the plaza and comfort station. The roof overhang is shown in the rendering with the trellis alternate to the north and the west to minimize the impervious cover on the site. A column has been shown to support the plaza overhang, and clerestories have been indicated into the rest rooms; further refinement of these elements will follow in later phases.

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Image 1 ‐ Rendering Option 1

Image 2 ‐ Site Plan Option 1

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Project Design Option 2

Site Entry into this plaza is made via an extension of the existing asphalt walkway, creating a broad, accessible intersection between east-west and north-south circulation. The plaza and facility are oriented parallel to the existing grade, though further rotation would minimally impact site disturbance and circulation. The plaza extends out in front of the contact station window to facilitate access for visitors in wheelchairs, those with children in strollers, or larger groups. In total the plaza provides approximately 1,450 sf of covered area, greater than the program’s minimum requirement (as recommended by the National Park Service).

Covered seating is in the western half of the plaza, with linear benches arranged in alignment with the walls of the comfort station. Spacing of these benches permits free movement around the plaza, with room available alongside them for wheelchair access and companion seating.

The semi-paved area is situated to the east of the facility on the south side of the exiting pedestrian path.

Architecture Project Design Option 2 is sited at an angle with respect to the true north access. Though the site precedent is to have structures generally sited north-south, this building looks to break that precedent to consider an angle that may work better with the path connection, surrounding grade, and existing trees. If this Project Design Option is selected, further development would be required to determine the angle that best accomplishes these goals.

The feature of this plan is that all doors except the contact station door can be closed with a single gate. This feature is achieved at the added cost of splitting the plumbing into three main chases: one off the Janitor’s Closet, one off the Mechanical Room, and one for the sinks between the Male Restroom and Female Restroom. The Unisex Restroom is located to the north of the Male Restroom, and access to the Janitor’s Closet is through the Male Restroom. The Mechanical Room is to the north of the Female Restroom.

The contact station has direct lines of sight to the rest room entrances, North Meade Street, and the US Marine Corps Memorial, but the view is blocked toward the Netherlands Carillon. Rotating the building and further extending the glass could result in a view in this direction, but at this point the contact station would be essentially a glass box, and NPS would need to evaluate if solid walls are required or desired to accomplish the programmatic needs of the space. The plaza is to the northwest of the facility.

The exterior enclosure of the building features a solid primary axis to the west of the structure, connecting the building to the plaza by extending from the structure into a seat wall. The detached contact station floats under the canopy. The roof overhang on this Project Design Option provides a generous plaza space, and some of the structure required to support the canopy

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Image 3 ‐ Rendering Option 2

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Image 4 ‐ Site Plan Option 2

Concept Option Selection The Project Concept Design is a combination of elements from Option 1 and Option 2 to maximize the value of benefits of the two options. This option also considers the lessons learned from the alternate options. The following key principles are visible in the final selection, which is documented in the schematic design drawings that are submitted with this report.  The rest room configuration of Option 2 is selected due to its efficiency of doors. NPS DSC, NPS NCR, and the Park expressed significant concern with doors outside of the primary plaza space and strongly desired the ability to secure the facility simply and effectively. All portions of the facility, including the exterior space for the condensing unit, are secured by this gate. Other alternatives that were considered include placing the equipment on a mezzanine, on the roof, or in a fenced enclosure. However, the option that avoids excess visual impact to the Memorials, provides ease of maintenance, and provides maximum security against vandalism is to include the unit in the facility.  The contact station has been attached to the building, which was shown in Option 1. The value of providing only one mechanical system for the project, the ability to lock all doors with the security gate, and the ease of providing a back of house space for the contact station in compliance with the program are the primary reasons for attaching the contact station to the main building. To facilitate the lockability requirement, the entrance to the contact station

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is via the semi-private area from the program (denoted back of house on the plans), and the contact station and mechanical space are accessed from either side of this area. After considering the grading impacts and surrounding site configuration, the project is proposed to be tangent to the cross-path between the parking and the main pedestrian pathway. The building orientation is similar to the orientation of other objects on site but has been proposed in this manner to improve the connection to the landscape, and to allow the building to better integrate with and disappear into its surroundings, rather than to mimic the Memorials.  The entry path to the building has been designed for through circulation. In the analysis of the actual existing path on site, it has been found that some existing locations are above ABAAS slope limitations. Additionally, the goal for the path connection was to balance the need for simple, straightforward connections without creating the sort of formal plaza that might compete with the memorials. The proposed solution to these considerations is to move the path closer to the building. The path would abut the roofline and plaza edge, thereby removing the need for secondary paths to the structure and allowing the primary path to be ABAAS compliant. Additional information and renderings of Project Concept Design are included in the Detailed Project Information and Drawings portion of this report.

Master Plan Alignment - This project is not part of a master plan

Updated Schedule

Table 1 – select potion of project schedule

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Updated Cost Estimate

Table 2 – Concept cost estimate summary

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Project budget ‐ $1,243,840 Construction Documents design ECC ‐ $1,399,743 Outreach and Coordination In accordance with the requirements of section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA) (54 United States Code 306108) and implementing regulations (36 Code of Federal Regulations Part 800), the National Park Service (NPS; park) must engage in outreach and coordination as part of the process to consider the effects of the US Marine Corps War Memorial Comfort Station Project (the project) on historic properties. Said outreach and coordination is also performed in accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) as NPS prepares an environmental assessment for the project. Identified stakeholders are jurisdictional federal, state, and local agencies and local neighborhood constituents (Table 3). Prior to the public scoping period, a consulting parties meeting for the project was held on June 5, 2018. This meeting provided a forum to introduce the project and preliminary designs to the stakeholders and to solicit feedback to inform the schematic design process. Feedback from the consulting parties meeting included: From the U.S. Commission of Fine Arts (CFA): - Please provide renderings of all four elevations for both concepts as approached from the various directions in the (Arlington Ridge) park. For both designs, consider mirroring the plan to open up the northeast corner to allow for views of the (US Marine Corps War) Memorial. Specific to Design Alternative #2 that only provides one pathway, consider adding a second eastern pathway to avoid a “desire line” path from those visitors approaching the comfort station from the Carillon. Balance the visitor experience with the security requirements of NPS and Arlington County police. - Moving forward with specifications for the camera, pay special attention to the light levels required for camera operation. Consider using infrared cameras to maintain the lowest light level possible. Include camera locations and profiles in all renderings.

From the Virginia Department of Historical Resources: - Be mindful of the amount of granite used at the base of the comfort station. Although it is understood to be echoing the granite used at the base of the Memorial, the comfort station should not look like a memorial.

NPS presented the schematic design to the CFA on September 20, 2018. CFA offered the following comments: Axial Building Alignment: - Consider realigning the current path that leads directly to the restroom doors; it appears too grand for a restroom facility.

Support Lawn Location: - Make the lawn symmetrical about the path.

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Comments received from both the consulting parties and CFA meetings have been incorporated into the enclosed schematic design. CFA Final Design Approval NPS issued the final CFA design package dated May 2, 2019 to the Commission for final review. CFA issued the approval letter for the Final Design to NPS dated 19 June 2019. The Final Design Package Book and the approval letter are included as Appendix B to this report. In lieu of an on-site public scoping meeting, the park’s Planning, Environment, and Public Comment (PEPC) website was used to further engage stakeholders and receive public comments. The 30-day public comment period for the project is active from September 17, 2018, through October 17, 2018. Comments can also be made via mail to: Alexcy Romero, Superintendent 700 George Washington Memorial Parkway c/o Turkey Run Park McLean, VA 22101 Attn: US Marine Corps Memorial Comfort Station Project. The 508-compliant public engagement materials shared with individuals and institutions that were identified as stakeholders in the project included: a scoping letter outlining the specifications of the project; project location and vicinity maps; a project site map showing the area of potential effect; and three-dimensional renderings of the proposed designs with corresponding two-dimensional floor plans (each of these documents are used in this report) As of the writing of this report on September 26, 2018, seventeen comments have has been received (appendix A). NPS looks forward to receiving any additional comments through the end of the comment period. All received comments are recorded and addressed in accordance with NHPA and NEPA.

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Table 3: US Marine Corps War Memorial Comfort Station Project Stakeholder List

First Name Last Name Organization Pam Locker Arlington County Claude Williamson Arlington County Stefanie Pryor Arlington County Civic Federation Cynthia Liccese-Torres Arlington County Dept. of Community Planning, Housing & Development John Liebertz Arlington County Dept. of Community Planning, Housing & Development Gerry Laporte Arlington Historical Society Katharine Kelley Arlington National Cemetery Rebecca Stevens Arlington National Cemetery Caitlin Rogers Catawba Nation Frederick J. Lindstrom US Commission of Fine Arts* Tom Luebke US Commission of Fine Arts* Andrew Lewis DC Historic Preservation Office* David Maloney DC Historic Preservation Office* Kim Penrod Delaware Nation Ronald Linker Embassy of Netherlands Richard LaFreniere Joint Base Myer-Henderson Hall Eric Roby Marine Barracks Jim Donovan Marine Corps War Memorial Foundation, Inc. Diane Sullivan National Capital Planning Commission* Lee Webb National Capital Planning Commission* Tim McIntosh Neighborhood Conservation Advisory Committee Normand Goulet Regional Commission Robert Lazaro Northern Virginia Regional Commission Executive Office Northern Virginia Regional Park Authority Connie Chitwood NPS-Denver Service Center Bradley Krueger NPS-George Washington Memorial Parkway (GWMP) Simone Monteleone NPS-GWMP Matthew Virta NPS-GWMP Brenda Wasler NPS-GWMP Chief Robert Gray Pamunkey Indian Tribe Sasha Carrillo The Belvedere Condominium Association Patricia Darneille The Radnor/Fort Myer Heights Civic Association Stanley Karson The Radnor/Fort Myer Heights Civic Association Arlene Warren Virginia Department of Health, Office of Drinking Water Ethel Eaton Virginia Department of Historic Resources* Laura Lavernia Virginia Department of Historic Resources* Julie Langan Virginia Department of Historic Resources* William Rasmussen Virginia Museum of History & Culture * Also served as a consulting party.

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Updates to Previous Submission Commission Comments from Concept Submission The Executive Director’s Recommendation from the November 1, 2018 NCPC meeting included a request to consider the installation of a green roof. A green roof was considered for this project for the aesthetic and sustainability benefits it would provide. Although there are many benefits to installing a green roof, NPS has elected not to pursue a green roof due to: (a) the life cycle costs indicating more costs than savings for this building type; and (b) the ongoing maintenance requirements require a greater onsite presence than the Park intends to have at the facility; (c) the initial costs exceeding the project budget. Updated Building Description The final design includes a connection from the path at the north of the facility. The contact station is located at the northwest of the facility, while a plaza with seating is located to the northeast of the facility. This configuration has been selected to: (1) allow the plaza to have the best sight lines and views of the Marine Corps War Memorial, Netherlands Carillon, and ; (2) allow the contact station to be closest to the path; and (3) allow the contact station to partially block the winter winds from the northwest. Moving south on the plan, there are four doors in a vestibule that is closed by a single sliding gate. This sliding gate is lockable after hours to allow the facility to be secured. To the east is the unisex restroom, whose door is directly visible from the contact station. To the south are the women’s room and men’s room doors. To the west is a door to a back of house space, which splits the back of house entrance to the contact station to the north and an entrance to the mechanical space to the south. The janitor’s closet is accessible from the entrance vestibule of the men’s room. The gross building area is 1316 SF, exclusive of roof overhang, plaza, and seat walls. The program reconciliation is as follows:

PROGRAM RECONCILIATION Space Program Value Actual NSF Comments Men’s Room 240-260 SF 262 SF Women’s Room 240-260 SF 276 SF Unisex 60-70 SF 70 SF Janitor’s Closet 40-50 SF 109 SF Includes mechanical chase behind men’s room Mechanical As needed 124 SF Includes mechanical room and condensing unit space Contact Station 150-210 SF 216 SF Includes back of house space to reduce number of exterior doors Table 4 – Schematic Design Program Reconciliation The building exceeds the programmed size in order to accommodate the following requests by NPS:

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 The exterior door configuration is arranged to provide all doors off the plaza, and to allow all doors to be locked by a single gate.  The need for human serviceable plumbing chases behind the rest room facilities.  The use of conditioned space to house equipment for design reasons, for the preservation of site views, and for the prevention of vandalism of the equipment. The main piece of equipment that is external to the building is the sewage ejector, since the only visible portion of this equipment is a manhole cover. The canopy provides a generous plaza space, exceeding the program minimum as requested by NPS. The objective of this space is to provide shelter from the elements and to prevent visitors from congregating at the Netherlands Carillon during thunderstorms. Updated Exterior Materials The project uses construction materials that are sensitive to and compatible with the character- defining features and materials of the memorials and the surrounding cultural landscape. The materials utilized at the existing memorials and on the site range from the noble (polished granite, bronze) to decorative but durable (aggregated pre-cast concrete) to the industrial (poured-in-place concrete and structural steel). The primary material for the project is a long-format brick, to mimic the appearance of a longer, sedimentary stone configuration. This feature extends into site walls that shape the plaza and connect the project into the landscape. As a modular material, it is forgiving in terms of the substantial grade change (relative to the building’s height). This primary, anchoring material is a darker color to minimize the disturbance to the appearance of the surrounding landscape. An accent material will also be featured at the vestibule of the rest rooms. For simplicity and cohesiveness, a glazed brick of the same proportions as the exterior is used. By using a bold color in this sheltered space, the material will provide wayfinding to the entrance of the rest rooms without the need for significant signage. Glass is included at a clerestory and transom windows to light the rest rooms and as a cladding material for the contact station. It provides views to the memorial and of the rest room doors for security. A contact window is provided for interaction with site visitors. The roof canopy appears flat in its edge profile, with a minimal slope for drainage of the roof above. The canopy is the unifying design element of the project, bringing cohesion to the project and creating a modern pavilion feel. To balance sensitivity to the character-defining features while drawing visual cues from the on- site materials, the following accent materials are used:  Bronze and bronze painted aluminum finishes provide a visual connection to on site precedent: the statue of the Marine Corps War Memorial.  A dark granite provides a visual connection to the base of the Marine Corps War Memorial. This material is proposed as a base below elements other than brick that would otherwise touch the ground, as it is more durable. It is also proposed as a material to form seating.

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 Though the Netherlands Carillon utilizes steel as a cladding material, metal panel is not used in locations where it can be easily reached due to damage and maintenance concerns. A clerestory band of aluminum composite panels capture the clerestory windows.  Though not utilized as a finish on either memorial, wood is used at the soffit to tie into the natural landscape and provide an inviting feel for the space.  Primary exposed elevations are neutral, subdued colors to better blend into the environment. The only accent that deviates from this concept is at the rest room entrance vestibule, which is shielded from a distance by the canopy and other building geometry.

Updated Image 5 –Design Rendering 1 – View from Cross Path

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Updated Image 6 –Design Rendering 2 – view from North Meade Street

Updated Image 7 – Design Rendering 3 – Aerial view from Southwest

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Updated Image 8 – Final Building Floor Plan

Updated Image 9 – Final Building West Elevation

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Updated Image 10 – Final Building North Elevation

Updated Image 11 – Final Building South Elevation

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Updated Image 12 – Final Building East Elevation

Updated Image 13 –Final Building Longitudinal Section

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Updated Image 14 –Final Building Cross Section

Updated Site Plan

Image 15 –Final Site Plan

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Vicinity Map

Image 16 – Vicinity Map

Architectural and Design Program There have been no revisions to the Architectural and Design Program since the issuance of the Concept Submission. Site Program Site Requirements  The location of the facility shall be within the boundary of Arlington Ridge Park, removed from the nearby Memorials (U.S. Marine Corps War Memorial and Netherlands Carillon) while remaining visible and easily accessible to the public.  No trees will be removed for the project, except those specifically approved by NPS. Building siting should be outside the drip line of any existing trees.  Landscaping – consider the addition of shade trees and minimal landscaping which shall be designed to be consistent with the cultural landscape of Arlington Ridge Park. Trees in this area are generally Willow Oak (Quercus phellos). There are at least two Darlington Oaks which are very similar to the Willow Oak but are evergreen. It is believed that they were planted by mistake in the original planting. Due to ongoing difficulty with long term survival of the Littleleaf Linden trees around the memorial walks the Park would not recommend Lindens in the comfort station plantings. The Willow or Darlington oaks would be preferable as shade producing trees

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Site Program Elements  Covered hardscaped plaza o Size– minimum 100 sq. ft. Consider providing additional covered area for shade while waiting for restroom use. o Provide bench seating  Accessible path connection from the new Comfort Station to accessible curb cuts at the ring road which lead to the existing handicapped parking at the site.  Site lighting only to facilitate wayfinding to/from the comfort station.  10’ x 30’ semi paved area in vicinity of new facility adjacent to pedestrian walkways for event related commercial vehicles and/or the erection of tents to minimize damage to turf area during large events. Architectural Program – Comfort Station Building Requirements  Size: 770 – 900 sq. ft net (1,200 sq. ft. gross including covered plaza)  The facility shall provide the smallest possible imprint on the landscape while meeting the requirements of the program.  The facility will not be staffed full time by park service staff due to current funding limitations. The facility will most likely be staffed during special functions and high visitor periods. The office area should be designed to accommodate 2 staff members.  The facility will be open from dawn to dusk.  From the facility the staff are to be capable of observing the U.S. Marine Corp War Memorial, the parade grounds, the pathway to the Netherlands Carillon, and the parking lot.  The design of the facility shall minimize the opportunity for individuals to hide from being visible when approaching the facility after hours. Consider no inside corners or use of gates or design features that limit hiding locations.  Facility to be fully compliant with the Architectural Barriers Act Accessibility Standards (ABAAS).  Interior floor and wall finish materials should be selected that are durable, water resistant and for their ease of maintenance to provide a facility with a high level of cleanliness without extensive efforts.  Exterior and interior materials which are resistant to potential vandalism or easily cleaned/repaired should be used in the new facility.  To the greatest extent possible, plumbing valves and controls should not be located within the restroom which would result in the closure of the restroom to repair these items. Locate fixture connections, supply piping, electronic flush valves and controls, clean-outs in the chase space adjacent to restroom with direct access from the exterior or mechanical space.

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 Light trespass from the building shall be minimized. Exterior lighting shall be directed down and be shielded so as not to increase the general lighting level after dusk. Motion activated light fixtures shall be provide at the perimeter of the facility for security and to provide the illumination levels required for the security cameras to record activity at the facility.  The project shall incorporate sustainable design strategies to achieve at least a Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Silver level rating. Formal LEED certification through the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) will not be required.  Include enclosed orientation panel with bulletin board at building exterior. The bulletin board shall be pre-wired with electrical power and data to accommodate an electronic display in the future.  Provide space for arrowhead on outside of building.  Efficient daily opening and closing of the comfort station areas. Use of a single door or gate to access all program areas would be ideal.

Architectural Program Elements  Male Restroom o Size: 240 – 260 sq. ft. o Relationship - Direct access to exterior - Adjacent to Female Restroom and Unisex Restroom - Close to custodial storage closet - Door visible from contact station  Female Restroom o Size: 240 – 260 sq. ft. o Relationship - Direct access to exterior - Adjacent to Male Restroom and Unisex Restroom - Close to custodial storage closet - Door visible from contact station  Unisex Restroom – entire room fully ABAAS compliant o Size: 60 – 70 sq. ft. o Relationship - Direct access to exterior - Adjacent to Male Restroom and Female Restroom - Close to Custodial Storage Closet - Door visible from contact station. The entrance shall be positioned near either the male or female restroom entrance and positioned such that it can be viewed simultaneously if one was looking at either of the other entrances.  Visitor Contact Station/ semi private office

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o Size – 150 - 210 sq. ft o Relationship - Direct view to Iwo Jima Memorial - Direct access to exterior – door and sliding window - Close to Restroom entrance doors with direct view to unisex restroom  Mechanical Closet o Size – as required to support equipment and service clearance. o Relationship - Direct access to exterior - Centrally located to minimize duct runs.  Custodial Storage Closet o Size – 40 - 50 sq. ft. o Relationship - Close to Female Restroom, Male Restroom, and Unisex Restroom  Bottle filling station o Free standing or wall mounted freeze proof and barrier-free station. o Provide near bulletin board. Landscape and Streetscape Plan Existing Vegetation In contrast with the more formal grounds around the Memorial, the landscape at the comfort station site is more naturalistic in character, comprised of sloping lawns and scattered groupings of shade and ornamental trees. This landscape character continues south to encompass the Netherlands Carillon. Varied in species, the trees in the immediate vicinity of the comfort station site include oaks, maples, a persimmon, a birch and a redbud. As of an October 2017 tree inventory, several were determined to be in poor to critical condition. (reference National Park Service (2017). NC_TreeInventory_102017_DataTable and NC_TreePoints_102017_V2.) The southwest corner of the park is occupied by a deciduous woodland, where a drainage swale runs just beyond the tree line south of the project site.

Existing Topography The terrain on the site slopes generally from west to east, with the steepest areas immediately adjacent to North Meade Street. Slopes in the lawn area range from approximately 4% west of the proposed facility location to 7-10% across the site itself. Slopes on the nearby walkways range from 4-5%.

Existing Lighting Several pole-mounted light fixtures line the asphalt pathway connecting to North Meade Street, while light bollards are also used to illuminate pedestrian areas within the Memorial grounds. The pole-mounted fixtures are not currently located along the rest of the y-shaped path beyond the proposed comfort station site.

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Update to Proposed Vegetation The site design emulates the character of the existing site – a landscape of rolling lawn and shade tree groupings that fits into the site rather than standing out from it. Existing trees are preserved, except for those described above, and new tree plantings are sited to allow for partial views to and from key locations on the site. Trees are selectively located to screen views of the facility from surrounding buildings while allowing visibility from the street level for safety. The tree species were selected from among those found on the site currently – primary deciduous shade trees with some flowering ornamentals and small evergreens. Update to Proposed Topography Given the topographic conditions in this area, sloping generally from west to east, regrading was required to accommodate the new facility building and link access routes with the existing circulation network. The project incorporates gentle drainage swales on the west and north sides of the building and plaza to direct water into the surrounding landscape. Where necessary to meet existing grades with minimal site disturbance, more steeply sloped areas are kept below a 3:1 ratio. Update to Proposed Site Materials and Furnishings The hardscape and furnishings for the plaza are drawn from the existing palette of materials at the US Marine Corps War Memorial and Netherlands Carillon. The relocated pedestrian walkway is paved with asphalt, consistent with the existing asphalt path that it ties in to. Paving at the plaza is intended to complement the existing paving materials in Arlington Ridge Park – a palette of cool greys – and create a surface that is distinctive from the site’s asphalt circulation paths. The plaza paving material is a light grey concrete scored in a rectangular pattern. The two benches in the plaza will replicate the architectural design of the Comfort Station building, faced with brick to match the base of the building façade and topped with a dark grey granite seat.

The 10’ x 30’ semi-paved area of supported turf creates a permeable surface that provides stability and withstands structural loads while blending into the surrounding landscape. Comprised of a plastic grid system covered in turfgrass, supported turf has the same surface appearance as unsupported lawn, creating the least visual impact as compared to other permeable options. While some degradation of the turf can occur with high use, this would not be an issue with the anticipated infrequency of use at this site. Transportation and Circulation

There have been no revisions to the site transportation and circulation since the Concept Submission

Arlington Ridge Park is located outside and to the north of Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia, on a ridge on the western bank of the across from Washington, DC. The Park has parking available and can be accessed by car via the VA-100 South route or US-50 East

33/47 Arlington Ridge Park George Washington Memorial Parkway US Marine Corps War Memorial Comfort Station Project NCPC Concept Report or West routes. The Park is a 10- to 15-minute walk from the Rosslyn Metro Station or the Arlington National Cemetery Station. Circulation and Materials Parking is located to the north of the proposed comfort station site and may be accessed via the existing path network through the Memorial grounds. Additional street parking and a Bikeshare station are found further northwest along North Meade Street. An ABAAS-accessible walkway links the North Meade Street entrance, beginning as concrete at the street level as it runs along a concrete retaining wall to the east, and transitioning to asphalt as it becomes the y-shaped Ridge Path leading to the Netherlands Carillion. The asphalt walkway includes a short segment running north-south, close to the project site, that links to the Memorial grounds. Other paving materials used within U.S. Marine Memorial Circle Drive include grey pre-cast pavers at the bus drop-off areas and curb ramps, and the characteristic dark grey and black concrete at the plaza and reviewing stand. The vehicular loop and curbs are composed of natural grey concrete with a broom finish, while pedestrian walkways are primarily asphalt. The plaza at the Netherlands Carillon is paved with warm-toned quartzite tiles and surrounded by a low site wall of volcanic rock.

Image 17 – Transportation and Circulation Diagram

Perimeter Security Not applicable to this site

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Photographs

Photograph 1 – Existing site – temporary restrooms visible to left and Netherlands Carillion to right

Photograph 2 ‐ – U.S Marine Corps War Memorial

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Photograph 3 ‐ – Netherlands Carillon

Photograph 4 ‐ – Aerial View with proposed building

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Environmental and Historical Considerations

The following information is the same as the Concept Submission.

Historic Preservation Arlington Ridge Park was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2009 under its own listing. In 1965 it was listed on the Register as part of a multiple property listing, “Parkways of the National Capital Area.” The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties and the Guidelines for Rehabilitating Cultural Landscapes state that additions or alterations should be planned, designed, and installed to be clearly differentiated from the character-defining features, so that these features are not radically changed, obscured, damaged, or destroyed.

The proposed character of the project shall be in keeping with The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties and the Guidelines for Rehabilitating Cultural Landscapes. The standards state that additions or alterations should be planned, designed, and installed to be clearly differentiated from the character-defining features, so that these features are not radically changed, obscured, damaged, or destroyed. The primary character of the building must therefore balance the need to blend into the landscape with the need to stand apart from, and not detrimentally affect, the character defining features of Arlington Ridge Park.

Historic Significance Statement of the Cultural Landscape

The GWMP (NPS ID: 95000605) was listed in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) on June 2, 1995, under Criterion C in the areas of landscape architecture and transportation, and to a lesser extent under Criterion B for its association with Clara Barton and George Washington. The GWMP has a period of significance from 1930 to 1966; an update is currently in progress (NPS 2016). Under Criterion B the parkway is significant for its Potomac River corridor location’s association with George Washington. Under Criterion C the parkway is significant for landscape architecture designed by Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr., Charles Eliot, and Gilmore D. Clark (NPS 1995). The draft NRHP nomination update also states that the parkway is now eligible for listing in the NRHP under (i) Criterion A in the areas of Planning, Conservation, and Recreation; Recreation and the NPS Mission 66 Program; Transportation and Engineering; and Memorialization and Commemoration in Twentieth-Century America); (ii) Criterion B for its association with George Washington and the ; and (iii) Criterion C in the area of Transportation and Engineering. All the updated criteria are in addition to those outlined under the previous nomination.

Arlington Ridge Park (NPS ID: 09000688) is a contributing feature of the GWMP that was individually listed in the NRHP on September 4, 2009, under Criterion A for its association with post-World War II events and commemoration; and Criterion C in the areas of Architecture and

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Engineering. The areas of significance covered by this resource include art, architecture, landscape architecture, community planning and development, and transportation. According to the resource’s CLI report, the chief purpose of the park is commemorative and ceremonial (Fanning 2008:60). The United States Marine Corps War Memorial and the Netherlands Carillon are contributing structures to the Park. The Park’s design exhibits a contemplative, more formal setting in its northern section around the Memorial, and a natural, rolling landscape to the south in front of the Carillon to frame the eastern view toward the National Mall.

References Donaldson, Emily 2009 National Park Service Cultural Landscapes Inventory 2009 - George Washington Memorial Parkway – North, George Washington Memorial Parkway. Prepared for the National Park Service by Emily Donaldson, Landscape Historian, National Capital Region, National Park Service, Washington, D.C.

Fanning, Kay 2008 Arlington Ridge Park: Cultural Landscape Inventory, George Washington Memorial Parkway - Arlington Ridge Park, National Park Service. National Park Service, National Capital Region, Washington, D.C.

National Park Service [NPS] 1995 Registration Form, National Register of Historic Places. George Washington Memorial Parkway. Prepared by J.L. Krakow for the National Park Service, Washington, D.C.

2016 Draft: Update to the National Register Nomination Form: George Washington Memorial Parkway Historic District. Prepared for National Park Service, National Capital Region, Washington, D.C., by Louis Berger, Washington, D.C.

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Image 18 – Project Area Location

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Image 19 – Project Site Map and Area of Potential Effect

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Compliance with NPS Cultural Resource Management Policies (2006) All cultural resource assessments were performed by archaeologists and architectural historians that meet or exceed the Secretary of the Interior Standards specified in 36 CFR 66.3(b) (2) and 36 CFR 61. All site testing and resource evaluations were performed in accordance with the requirements of Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (54 U.S.C. 306108) and implementing regulations (36 CFR Part 800) to consider the effects of this undertaking on historic properties. In addition, all consultant deliverables were reviewed by the National Park Service (NPS) personnel of the National Capital Region and the George Washington Memorial Parkway to insure compliance with the NPS Cultural Resource Management Policies (2006). Natural Resources Arlington Ridge Park (Park) occupies 27.5 acres on a ridge above the Potomac River in Arlington, Virginia; it is located within the GWMP and is one of its contributing features (see Figure 1). With its elevated view of Washington, D.C., the site has been highly regarded as a prime location for memorials since its purchase by Avon Nevius circa 1920. The Park contains two major memorials set within two distinct landscape treatments that divide it in half. The northern section is designed for the 1954 United States Marine Corps War Memorial (Memorial), and the southern section is designed for the 1960 Netherlands Carillon. The Memorial statue is the main feature of a symmetrical, formal landscape developed by architect Horace Peaslee. The statue stands on a raised plaza, paved in a decorative concrete developed by the John J. Earley Studios. North of this plaza lies the parade ground, a rectangular area of lawn used by the Marines for “sunset parades” during the summer months. A reviewing stand rises on the far side of the parade ground. Plaza, parade ground, and reviewing stand are linked by tree-lined paths and enclosed by U.S. Marine Corps Circle. The Carillon stands in the center of a plaza at the top of a slope surrounded by open lawns planted with irregular lines of ornamental trees. The tree- planting plan was prepared by National Capital Parks landscape architects in the early 1960s (Fanning 2008:4). In contrast with the more formal grounds around the Memorial, the landscape at the comfort station site is more naturalistic in character, comprised of sloping lawns and scattered groupings of shade and ornamental trees. This landscape character continues south to encompass the Netherlands Carillon. Varied in species, the trees in the immediate vicinity of the comfort station site include oaks, maples, a persimmon, a birch and a redbud. Energy During the Pre-Design phase three (3) heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) system options were evaluated against an ASHRAE 90.1-2007 minimum energy code compliant building. The HVAC system options included a packaged rooftop air-cooled heat pump unit as prescribed by ASHRAE 90.1-2007 Appendix G, a Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) heat pump system with electric heat, and a ground-coupled geothermal heat pump system.

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In addition to the HVAC system options, the building envelope performance characteristics were improved for each HVAC system option to assess additional strategies to increase the whole building energy savings. The envelope improvements included R-24 wall insulation, R-60 roof insulation, and low solar gain glazing with improved metal frame and a window-to-wall ratio of 60%. To further drive energy savings potential, lighting system efficiency and lighting control measures were added to the improved envelope strategies. Lighting power density was based on LED lighting at an estimated 0.78 Watts per square foot. Occupancy sensors and daylighting sensors were also included. Based on these system options, envelope improvements and lighting measures, a total of nine (9) bundles were analyzed to assess the whole building energy performance. Building geometry options were also explored in conjunction with the nine bundles described above. The geometries evaluated included a square shaped building, a rectangular shaped building with the long side along the East-West axis and a rectangular shaped building with the long side along the North-South axis. The optimal building performance was a square shaped building with improved building envelope, high efficiency LED lighting with lighting controls and a geothermal ground-coupled HVAC system. The predicted annual energy consumption was 74.5 kBtu per square foot which was a 53% reduction against the ASHRAE 90.1-2007 baseline building. NPS was concerned about the increased maintenance requirements of the geothermal system and decided not to pursue this HVAC system option. It was also noted that the roof-mounted HVAC option may be a challenge to aesthetically integrate into the architectural design. A water balance analysis was performed during the pre-design phase to estimate the amount of rainwater available for collection and to assess potential re-use options. It was assumed that only the roof rainwater was acceptable to collect for re-use. It was assumed that 70% of the roof area could be used for rainwater collection. Average monthly rainfall rates and the available roof area were used to estimate the monthly rainwater available for re-use. Demand for potable water was calculated based on data provided in the NPS Facility Planning Model Report. The Report included data on peak visitor count and estimated time spent per visitor. Washington, DC tourist data was used to estimate monthly visitor counts. It was assumed that 50% of the visitors would utilize the comfort station facilities. Low-flow plumbing fixtures were used to calculate the water consumption demand. Based on the anticipated quantity of visitors, utilizing rainwater for toilet flushing was estimated to provide approximately 2.5% reduction in potable water consumption annually. Given this low impact, the analysis also studied the impact of capturing grey water, which is the waste water used for hand washing. Capturing grey water in addition to the available rainwater provided the optimal potable water savings of approximately 38% reduction in potable water use annually. NPS expressed concern for the additional mechanical room space required for the treatment and pumping system along with the increased maintenance associated with the on-site treatment and re-use system. NPS decided not to pursue rainwater or grey water capture, treatment and re-use systems for the Comfort Station project.

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Energy models were performed based on the design criteria assumptions and the Electricity Local utility rate of $0.078/kWh. A summary of the results can be found in table below. From the predesign study, System Alternate 2 was determined to be the most energy efficient alternate.

Mechanical System Energy Use Intensity (kBtu/ft²) Energy Cost Savings from Baseline ($) Baseline 207.7 - Alternate 1 178.0 $810 Alternate 2 169.9 $1,021 Alternate 3 233.9 $(1,374) Table 5– Energy model results for mechanical system alternates

The Proposed Design has developed further, and the footprint has become more compact which impacts the required heating/cooling capacity of the mechanical system. An additional indoor unit mechanical system option was developed for the mini Value Analysis session based on the concerns regarding the visual impact of a rooftop unit. Actual utility rate data was provided for the life cycle cost analysis. Criteria Baseline – Constant Alt 1B – Indoor Alt 3A – Indoor Volume, Rooftop Split System, Energy Recovery and unit updated Separate Systems Exterior Aesthetic Negative Positive Positive Electrical Power 85 amps 41 amps 62 amps Requirements Maintenance Medium – Roof Low – Floor High - Multiple units access mounted unit Acoustics (weighted 91.9 84 76 dBA) Initial Cost $36,877 $44,089 $21,250 Annual Energy Use 152.6 103.5 111.3 (kBtu/sf) Annual Energy Cost $2,807 $1,908 $2,050 Life Cycle Cost, $73,512 $69,230 $51,379 Present Worth Table 6 – Analysis of additional mechanical systems for Schematic Design Due to the high visibility of the roof-mounted equipment, an indoor unit configuration was preferred. The existing electrical service is 100 amps. Alternate 1B has the lowest electrical load and may not impact the existing electrical service. The Baseline and Alternate 3A will require increasing the electrical service capacity. Alternate 1B has the lowest annual energy consumption and energy costs. The maintenance impacts will also be the lowest since the indoor unit is located within a mechanical room for easy service and maintenance. The outdoor unit is in a protected area on grade also making it easily accessible and protected from vandalism.

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Alternate 1B was selected as the preferred option and is the mechanical system included in the schematic design presented in this report. Public Realm and Viewsheds Built with the dual purposes of conserving the Potomac Gorge and connecting historic sites associated with George Washington, the views from the George Washington Memorial Parkway (GWMP) were designed by landscape architects to capitalize on both the scenic value of the river valley and the monumental character of the nation’s capital. Historic vistas, such as those toward Georgetown, were preserved by planners and engineers by managing vegetation and small-scale features along the road and framing the various vistas with bridges, natural systems, and circulation features. Although these views have been altered over time as vegetation has grown along the parkway, they remain significant and character-defining features of the parkway (Donaldson 2009).

The GWMP is also considered a cultural landscape. A 2009 Cultural Landscapes Inventory (CLI) of the northern section of the parkway identifies contributing landscape characteristics that include natural systems and features, spatial organization, land use, topography, vegetation, circulation, buildings and structures, views and vistas, small-scale features, and archeological sites (Donaldson 2009). As both a cultural landscape and historic district, the GWMP’s multiple contributing resources include the Arlington House (Robert E. Lee Memorial), Arlington Ridge Park, Clara Barton National Historic Site, Dyke Marsh Wildlife Preserve, Fort Hunt Park, Fort Marcy, Glen Echo Park, Great Falls Park, and Lyndon Baines Johnson Memorial Grove. It also includes less formal recreational entities, such as the Trail, portions of the Potomac Heritage National Scenic Trail, Riverside Park, and the Roaches Run Waterfowl Sanctuary.

Arlington Ridge Park (Park) occupies 27.5 acres on a ridge above the Potomac River in Arlington, Virginia; it is located within the GWMP and is one of its contributing features. With its elevated view of Washington, D.C., the site has been highly regarded as a prime location for memorials since its purchase by Avon Nevius circa 1920. The Park contains two major memorials set within two distinct landscape treatments that divide it in half. The northern section is designed for the 1954 United States Marine Corps War Memorial (Memorial), and the southern section is designed for the 1960 Netherlands Carillon. The Memorial statue is the main feature of a symmetrical, formal landscape developed by architect Horace Peaslee. The statue stands on a raised plaza, paved in a decorative concrete developed by the John J. Earley Studios. North of this plaza lies the parade ground, a rectangular area of lawn used by the Marines for “sunset parades” during the summer months. A reviewing stand rises on the far side of the parade ground. Plaza, parade ground, and reviewing stand are linked by tree-lined paths and enclosed by U.S. Marine Corps Circle. The Carillon stands in the center of a plaza at the top of a slope surrounded by open lawns planted with irregular lines of ornamental trees. The tree- planting plan was prepared by National Capital Parks landscape architects in the early 1960s (Fanning 2008:4).

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In contrast with the more formal grounds around the Memorial, the landscape at the comfort station site is more naturalistic in character, comprised of sloping lawns and scattered groupings of shade and ornamental trees. This landscape character continues south to encompass the Netherlands Carillon. Varied in species, the trees in the immediate vicinity of the comfort station site include oaks, maples, a persimmon, a birch and a redbud. As of an October 2017 tree inventory, several were determined to be in poor to critical condition. (reference National Park Service (2017). NC_TreeInventory_102017_DataTable and NC_TreePoints_102017_V2.) The southwest corner of the park is occupied by a deciduous woodland, where a drainage swale runs just beyond the tree line south of the project site.

The proposed site design emulates the character of the existing site – a landscape of rolling lawn and shade tree groupings that fits into the site rather than standing out from it. Existing trees will be preserved, except for those described below, and new tree plantings will be sited to allow for partial views to and from key locations on the site. Trees are selectively located to screen views of the facility from surrounding buildings while allowing visibility from the street level for safety. Proposed tree species will be selected from among those found on the site currently – primary deciduous shade trees with some flowering ornamentals and small evergreens.

Four existing trees to the east in fair to poor condition have been identified for removal to improve site access and allow a more consistent, gentler slope where the regraded area ties into the existing terrain. These include one 19” DBH Red Maple (Acer rubrum) in fair condition, one 19” DBH River Birch (Betula nigra) in poor condition, and one 25” DBH Pin Oak (Quercus palustris) in poor condition, and one 16” DBH Black Oak (Quercus velutina) in poor condition (National Park Service 2017 NC_TreeInventory_102017_DataTable and NC_TreePoints_102017_V2). See “Tree Plan” below for existing, removed, and proposed trees.

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Image 20 – Tree Plan Flooding Per the FEMA flood map the property is in Zone D " areas in which flood hazards are undetermined, but possible". The site is surrounded by zone X "areas determined to be outside the 0.2% annual chance floodplain." The site is not within the special flood hazard areas indicated on the flood map.

Stormwater Management There is an existing storm water drainage swale to the south of the proposed Comfort Station site. A 15” and 24” concrete pipe outfall from the end wall at the east edge of North Mead Street into this swale. There was no visual evidence of the normal storm water runoff over topping or flooding (no debris) outside of the swale, so it can be assumed to be an adequate outfall. Stormwater management for quality is addressed as sheet flow to the drainage swale along the south of the site area. Confirmation of this treatment method is currently under review with Arlington County

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Appendix A – PEPC Report GWMP 231335 092618 Appendix B – 100% Construction Documents Appendix C – Final CFA Booklet and Letter

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