Cultural Worlds of the Jesuits in Colonial Latin America Edited by Linda A

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Cultural Worlds of the Jesuits in Colonial Latin America Edited by Linda A Cultural Worlds of the Jesuits in Colonial Latin America edited by Linda A. Newson INSTITUTE OF LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES Cultural Worlds of the Jesuits in Colonial Latin America edited by Linda A. Newson University of London Press Institute of Latin American Studies, School of Advanced Study, University of London, 2020 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library This book is published under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license. More information regarding CC licenses is available at https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/. This book is also available online at http://humanities-digital-library.org. ISBN: 978-1-908857-62-0 (paperback edition) 978-1-908857-74-3 (.epub edition) 978-1-908857-73-6 (.mobi edition) 978-1-908857-75-0 (PDF edition) DOI: 10.14296/520.9781908857750 (PDF edition) Institute of Latin American Studies School of Advanced Study University of London Senate House London WC1E 7HU Telephone: 020 7862 8844 Email: [email protected] Web: http://ilas.sas.ac.uk Cover image: Mappa Geographica exhibens Provincias, Oppida, Sacella &c quae Mensibus Novembri ac Decembri anni 1751 et ... anni 1752 peragravit ad Indorum Chilensium terras... Hieronymus Strübel, 1777. Courtesy of John Carter Brown Library. Contents List of figures v Notes on contributors vii Introduction 1 Linda A. Newson I. Jesuit art, architecture and material culture 9 1. The Jesuits and Chinese style in the arts of colonial Brazil (1719–79) 11 Gauvin Alexander Bailey 2. Two ‘ways of proceeding’: damage limitation in the Mission to the Chiquitos 41 Kate Ford 3. The materiality of cultural encounters in the Treinta Pueblos de las Misiones 69 Clarissa Sanfelice Rahmeier II. Jesuit mission life 89 4. A patriarchal society in the Rio de la Plata: adultery and the double standard at Mission Jesús de Tavarangue, 1782 91 Barbara Ganson 5. Music in the Jesuit missions of the Upper Marañón 111 Leonardo Waisman 6. Beyond linguistic description: territorialisation. Guarani language in the missions of Paraguay (17th–19th centuries) 127 Capucine Boidin III. Jesuit approaches to evangelisation 147 7. Administration and native perceptions of baptism at the Jesuit peripheries of Spanish America (16th–18th centuries) 149 Oriol Ambrogio iii iv CULTURAL WORLDS OF THE JESUITS 8. ‘Con intençión de haçerlos Christianos y con voluntad de instruirlos’: spiritual education among American Indians in Anello Oliva’s Historia del Reino y Provincias del Perú 169 Virginia Ghelarducci 9. Translation and prolepsis: the Jesuit origins of a Tupi Christian doctrine 187 Vivien Kogut Lessa de Sá and Caroline Egan IV. Jesuit agriculture, medicine and science 205 10. Jesuits and mules in colonial Latin America: innovators or managers? 207 William G. Clarence-Smith 11. Jesuit recipes, Jesuit receipts: the Society of Jesus and the introduction of exotic materia medica into Europe 227 Samir Boumediene 12. The Jesuits and the exact sciences in Argentina 253 Eduardo L. Ortiz Index 285 List of figures 1.1 Dashuifa (Great Fountain) Xiyanglou, Yuanming Yuan, China (completed 1759). 12 1.2 Southern Cathedral (Nan Tang) in Beijing. 13 1.3 Charles de Belleville, altar of the Assumption, before 1688. Oak. Cathédrale Saint-Front, Périgueux, France. 16 1.4 Anonymous Chinese painter. Façade of the Beitang church of the French Jesuit mission, c.1701–3 (detail). Gouache on canvas. 19 1.5 Charles de Belleville, Ceiling in the sacristy of the Jesuit church of Nossa Senhora de Belén de Cachoeira, Bahia, Brazil (c.1719). 22 1.6 Detail of a ceiling from the Chang Ling tomb of Ming emperor Yongle, 1424. 23 1.7 Anonymous, ceiling of the sacristy, Jesuit Church of Nossa Senhora do Rosário in Embu, São Paulo, Brazil (c.1735–40). 25 1.8 Bureau cabinet, German or English, c.1735. Wood, japanned, with engraved brass mounts. 26 1.9 Chinoiserie panels, choirstall of the Cathedral of Nossa Senhora da Assunção, Mariana, Minas Gerais, Brazil (c.1753). 28 1.10 Anonymous, wooden temple lion, Jesuit residence of Nossa Senhora do Rosário in Embu, So Paulo, Brazil (early 18th century). 30 1.11 Stone temple lion, forecourt of the Franciscan church of Santo António (popularly known as São Francisco), João Pessoa (c.1734 or 1779). 33 2.1 A nocturnal procession during Holy Week arriving at the door of the restored church of La Inmaculada, Concepción. 41 2.2 Part of a rhomboidal grid marked in reddish pigment on a rock face in the Serranía de Santiago. 44 2.3 Rock drawing given an ancient interpretation by a 20th-century Chiquitano. 45 2.4 Schematic drawings of incised decoration on three bowls disinterred at Campo Grande (top), El Abasto (middle) and Puerto Rico (bottom). 47 2.5 European engraving of Xaraye people in the 16th century. 49 2.6 Drawing of a painted or tattooed Caduveo (Kadiwéu) woman by Guido Boggiani in 1892 (right); and a drawing on paper v vi CULTURAL WORLDS OF THE JESUITS made by a Caduveo (Kadiwéu) woman in the 1930s for Claude Lévi-Strauss (left). 51 2.7 Wall painting behind a crucifix in the sacristy, San Rafael. 59 2.8 View of San Miguel showing the lozenge-shaped mouldings on the doors. 60 3.1 and 3.2. Woman making a clay pot according to the traditional technique called acordelado 78 3.3 First sequence of clay pot making, before decoration, nearly finished. 79 4.1 Il Paraguai e Paesi Adiacenti. Venezia 1785. Courtesy of Geography and Maps Division, Library of Congress. 93 4.2 Photograph of the first page of the Guarani letter, Mission Jesús de Tavarangue (AGN IX 36-9-6 Misiones, 1782). 96 5.1 Cours du fleuve Maragnon, autrement dit des Amazones par le P. Samuel Fritz, Missionnaire de la Compagnie de Jésus. Author Samuel Fritz (1656–1725). 110 5.2 Detail from Cours du fleuve Maragnon, autrement dit des Amazones par le P. Samuel Fritz, Missionnaire de la Compagnie de Jésus. Author Samuel Fritz (1656–1725). 119 6.1 Portuguese and Spanish Jesuit missions of South America, 16th–18th centuries. In red: Portuguese missions; red circles where missions use two variants of the lingua geral. In blue: Spanish missions; blue circles where missions use Guaraní as a general language. 129 6.2 Jesuit missions of South America, 16th–18th centuries. Spanish frontier missions in blue; penetration of Portuguese missions in red. 129 9.1 First page of ‘Doutrina Christã na Linguoa Brasilica’. 182 9.2 Protocol for baptising those on the point of death in ‘Doutrina Christã na Linguoa Brasilica’. 193 12.1 Astronomical observations by Buenaventura Suárez in Paraguay. 252 12.2 Cover page of Buenaventura Suárez’s Lunario, Barcelona edition of 1752. 254 12.3 Cosmic Physics Observatory, San Miguel. 268 Notes on contributors Oriol Ambrogio is a PhD candidate in history at the King’s College London, where he is preparing a thesis on missionary administration and native responses to the sacraments on the peripheries of Spanish America in the colonial period, under the supervision of Professor Francisco Bethencourt. He is interested in Jesuit missionary efforts among semi-sedentary and non-sedentary populations, focusing on how Christian rituals were perceived and reinterpreted according to the indigenous cultural traditions. He has given papers at the Institute of Latin American Studies, King’s College and Chapel Hill University seminars and at the conference of the Renaissance Society of America. Gauvin Alexander Bailey is professor and Alfred and Isabel Bader Chair in southern baroque art at Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario. He has held fellowships with the John Simon Guggenheim Foundation and Villa I Tatti, among others and was the 2017 Panofsky professor at the Zentralinstitut für Kunstgeschichte in Munich. He is also correspondent étranger of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres at the Institut de France and a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. His latest book is Architecture and Urbanism in the French Atlantic Empire: State, Church, and Society, 1604–1830 (2018). Capucine Boidin is professor in Latin American anthropology at Sorbonne Nouvelle in the Institute of Advanced Studies in Latin America (IHEAL) and teaches Guarani language at INALCO (Langues’O). She is currently the director of IHEAL. From 2011 until 2016 she coordinated a project funded by ANR and called LANGAS (General languages from South America) (Quechua, aimara, guarani, tupi, XIX–XVI). With an open access database, this project is a pioneer in digital humanities applied to non-western languages in order to sustain anthropological history based on Amerindian manuscripts. She is writing a book called Words within History: Contribution to Guaraní Political Anthropology (XVI–XIX). Samir Boumediene is a researcher at the Institut d’Histoire des Représentations et des Idées dans les Modernités (Lyon). Trained in history and epistemology, he published his PhD on the history of New World medicinal plants in 2016 under the title La colonisation du savoir. He has published several articles on the history of drugs, medicine and plants. His current research deals with the notion of discovery in early modern times and with the history of questionnaires. vii viii CULTURAL WORLDS OF THE JESUITS William Gervase Clarence-Smith was until the end of July 2019 professor of the economic history of Asia and Africa at SOAS, University of London, and editor of the Journal of Global History (Cambridge University Press). He has published on the history of various animals around the world and is currently undertaking research for a global history of mules. He has also written about the history of different missionary orders, including the Jesuits in the Philippines. Caroline Egan is a lecturer in colonial literary and cultural studies in the Spanish and Portuguese Section at the University of Cambridge.
Recommended publications
  • SELF-FLAGELLATION in the EARLY MODERN ERA Patrick
    SELF-FLAGELLATION IN THE EARLY MODERN ERA Patrick Vandermeersch Self-fl agellation is often understood as self-punishment. History teaches us, however, that the same physical act has taken various psychologi- cal meanings. As a mass movement in the fourteenth century, it was primarily seen as an act of protest whereby the fl agellants rejected the spiritual authority and sacramental power of the clergy. In the sixteenth century, fl agellation came to be associated with self-control, and a new term was coined in order to designate it: ‘discipline’. Curiously, in some religious orders this shift was accompanied by a change in focus: rather than the shoulders or back, the buttocks were to be whipped instead. A great controversy immediately arose but was silenced when the possible sexual meaning of fl agellation was realized – or should we say, constructed? My hypothesis is that the change in both the name and the way fl agellation was performed indicates the emergence of a new type of modern subjectivity. I will suggest, furthermore, that this requires a further elaboration of Norbert Elias’s theory of the ‘civiliz- ing process’. A Brief Overview of the History of Flagellation1 Let us start with the origins of religious self-fl agellation. Although there were many ascetic practices in the monasteries at the time of the desert fathers, self-fl agellation does not seem to have been among them. With- out doubt many extraordinary rituals were performed. Extreme degrees 1 The following historical account summarizes the more detailed historical research presented in my La chair de la passion.
    [Show full text]
  • Indigenous and Tribal People's Rights Over Their Ancestral Lands
    INTER‐AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS OEA/Ser.L/V/II. Doc. 56/09 30 December 2009 Original: Spanish INDIGENOUS AND TRIBAL PEOPLES’ RIGHTS OVER THEIR ANCESTRAL LANDS AND NATURAL RESOURCES Norms and Jurisprudence of the Inter‐American Human Rights System 2010 Internet: http://www.cidh.org E‐mail: [email protected] OAS Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data Derechos de los pueblos indígenas y tribales sobre sus tierras ancestrales y recursos naturales: Normas y jurisprudencia del sistema interamericano de derechos humanos = Indigenous and tribal people’s rights over their ancestral lands and natural resources: Norms and jurisprudence of the Inter‐American human rights system / [Inter‐American Commission on Human Rights.] p. ; cm. (OEA documentos oficiales ; OEA/Ser.L)(OAS official records ; OEA/Ser.L) ISBN 978‐0‐8270‐5580‐3 1. Human rights‐‐America. 2. Indigenous peoples‐‐Civil rights‐‐America. 3. Indigenous peoples‐‐Land tenure‐‐America. 4. Indigenous peoples‐‐Legal status, laws, etc.‐‐America. 5. Natural resources‐‐Law and legislation‐‐America. I. Inter‐American Commission on Human Rights. II Series. III. Series. OAS official records ; OEA/Ser.L. OEA/Ser.L/V/II. Doc.56/09 Document published thanks to the financial support of Denmark and Spain Positions herein expressed are those of the Inter‐American Commission on Human Rights and do not reflect the views of Denmark or Spain Approved by the Inter‐American Commission on Human Rights on December 30, 2009 INTER‐AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS MEMBERS Luz Patricia Mejía Guerrero Víctor E. Abramovich Felipe González Sir Clare Kamau Roberts Paulo Sérgio Pinheiro Florentín Meléndez Paolo G. Carozza ****** Executive Secretary: Santiago A.
    [Show full text]
  • DOPS/IGPS Y Términos Tradicionales De Vino
    DOPS/IGPS y términos tradicionales de vino LISTADO DE DENOMINACIONES DE ORIGEN PROTEGIDAS E INDICACIONES GEOGRÁFICAS PROTEGIDAS DE VINOS REGISTRADAS EN LA UNIÓN EUROPEA Número de DOPs: 96 Número de IGPs: 42 Término Región Comunidad autónoma Nombre tradicional vitivinícola (1) CATALUÑA, PAÍS VASCO, SUPRA- RIOJA, NAVARRA, ARAGÓN, C. Cava DO AUTONÓMICA VALENCIANA Y EXTREMADURA Monterrei DO Rias Baixas DO Ribeira Sacra DO Ribeiro DO GALICIA GALICIA Valdeorras DO Barbanza e Iria VT Betanzos VT Ribeiras do Morrazo VT Valle del Miño-Ourense/ Val do Miño-Ourense VT ASTURIAS Cangas VC Costa de Cantabria VT CANTABRIA Liébana VT CANTÁBRICA Chacolí de Álava – Arabako Txacolina DO PAÍS VASCO Chacolí de Bizkaia – Bizkaiko Txacolina DO Chacolí de Getaria – Getariako Txacolina DO Rioja DOCa SUPRA-AUTONÓMICAS Ribera del Queiles VT LA RIOJA Valles de Sadacia VT Navarra DO EBRO Pago de Arínzano VP NAVARRA Pago de Otazu VP Prado de Irache VP 3 Riberas VT Arlanza DO Arribes DO Bierzo DO Cigales DO León DO Ribera del Duero DO DUERO CASTILLA Y LEÓN Rueda DO Sierra de Salamanca VC Tierra del Vino de Zamora DO Toro DO Valles de Benavente VC Valtiendas VC VT Castilla y León 1 DOPS/IGPS y términos tradicionales de vino Término Región Comunidad autónoma Nombre tradicional vitivinícola (1) Aylés VP Calatayud DO Campo de Borja DO Cariñena DO Somontano DO ARAGÓN ARAGÓN Bajo Aragón VT Ribera del Gállego-Cinco Villas VT Ribera del Jiloca VT Valdejalón VT Valle del Cinca VT Alella DO Cataluña DO Conca de Barberà DO Costers del Segre DO Empordà DO ARAGÓN CATALUÑA Montsant
    [Show full text]
  • The Hispanization of Chamacoco Syntax
    DOI: 10.26346/1120-2726-170 The hispanization of Chamacoco syntax Luca Ciucci Language and Culture Research Centre, James Cook University, Australia <[email protected]> This paper investigates contact-driven syntactic change in Chamacoco (a.k.a. Ɨshɨr ahwoso), a Zamucoan language with about 2,000 speakers in Paraguay. Chamacoco syntax was originally characterized by a low number of conjunc- tions, like its cognate Ayoreo. Although Chamacoco shows transfers from other neighboring languages, a turning point in language change was the beginning of regular contacts with Western society around the year 1885. Since then, Spanish has exerted a growing influence on Chamacoco, affecting all levels of linguistic analysis. Most speakers are today Chamacoco-Spanish bilingual, and the lan- guage is endangered. Chamacoco has borrowed some conjunctions from Spanish, and new clause combining strategies have replaced older syntactic structures. Other function words introduced from Spanish include temporal adverbs, dis- course markers, quantifiers and prepositions. I discuss their uses, the reasons for their borrowing and their interaction with original Chamacoco function words. Some borrowed function words can combine with autochthonous conjunctions to create new subordinators that are calques from Spanish compound subor- dinating conjunctions. This resulted in remarkable syntactic complexification. Chamacoco comparatives, modeled on the Spanish ones, are also likely instances of contact-induced complexification, since there are reasons to surmise that Chamacoco originally lacked dedicated comparative structures. Keywords: Chamacoco, clause combining, comparatives, coordination, function words, language contact, South American Indigenous languages, subordination, syntax, Zamucoan. 1. Introduction This study analyzes the influence exerted by Spanish on the syntax of Chamacoco, a Zamucoan language of northern Paraguay.
    [Show full text]
  • Church Bells. Part 1. Rev. Robert Eaton Batty
    CHURCH BELLS BY THE REV. ROBERT EATON BATTY, M.A. The Church Bell — what a variety of associations does it kindle up — how closely is it connected with the most cherished interests of mankind! And not only have we ourselves an interest in it, but it must have been equally interesting to those who were before us, and will pro- bably be so to those who are yet to come. It is the Churchman's constant companion — at its call he first enters the Church, then goes to the Daily Liturgy, to his Con- firmation, and his first Communion. Is he married? — the Church bells have greeted him with a merry peal — has he passed to his rest? — the Church bells have tolled out their final note. From a very early period there must have been some contrivance, whereby the people might know when to assemble themselves together, but some centuries must have passed before bells were invented for a religious purpose. Trumpets preceded bells. The great Day of Atonement amongst the Jews was ushered in with the sound of the trumpet; and Holy Writ has stamped a solemn and lasting character upon this instrument, when it informs us that "The Trumpet shall sound and the dead shall be raised." The Prophet Hosea was com- manded to "blow the cornet in Gibeah and the trumpet in Ramah;" and Joel was ordered to "blow the trumpet in Zion, and sound an alarm." The cornet and trumpet seem to be identical, as in the Septuagint both places are expressed by σαλπισατε σαλπιγγι.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Genipa Americana L
    Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences December 2014, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 51-61 ISSN: 2334-2404 (Print), 2334-2412 (Online) Copyright © The Author(s). 2014. All Rights Reserved. Published by American Research Institute for Policy Development DOI: 10.15640/jaes.v3n4a4 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15640/jaes.v3n4a4 Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Genipa Americana L. (Jenipapo) of the Brazilian Cerrado Rayssa Gabriela Costa Lima Porto1, Bárbara Verônica Sousa Cardoso1, Nara Vanessa dos Anjos Barros1, Edjane Mayara Ferreira Cunha1, Marcos Antônio da Mota Araújo2, & Regilda Saraiva dos Reis Moreira-Araújo3 Abstract Brazil has the largest biodiversity of any country in the world, which includes a large number of fruit species. Cerrado, a Brazilian biome that has a large number of underexploited native and exotic fruit species, is of potential interest to the agroindustry and a possible future source of income for the local population. This paper presents the centesimal composition, phenolic contents, anthocyanin, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity of Genipa americana L. fruit. The results indicated the following composition: moisture (75.00%), lipids (1.60%), proteins (0.67%), carbohydrates (20.50%), and ash (2.20%). The Genipa americana fruit contained considerable amounts of phenolic compounds (857.10 mgGAE.100-1 g) and flavonoids (728.00 mg.100-1 g), which contribute to its high antioxidant activity. This study highlights the potential of this fruit as an important source of both nutritional and bioactive compounds available in the native Brazilian flora. Keywords: Genipa americana L. (jenipapo), food chemistry, phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity 1. Introduction Brazil has the largest biodiversity of any country in the world, which includes a large number of fruit species (Leterme et al., 2006 ).
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnopharmacology of Fruit Plants
    molecules Review Ethnopharmacology of Fruit Plants: A Literature Review on the Toxicological, Phytochemical, Cultural Aspects, and a Mechanistic Approach to the Pharmacological Effects of Four Widely Used Species Aline T. de Carvalho 1, Marina M. Paes 1 , Mila S. Cunha 1, Gustavo C. Brandão 2, Ana M. Mapeli 3 , Vanessa C. Rescia 1 , Silvia A. Oesterreich 4 and Gustavo R. Villas-Boas 1,* 1 Research Group on Development of Pharmaceutical Products (P&DProFar), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, Barreiras-BA CEP 47810-059, Brazil; [email protected] (A.T.d.C.); [email protected] (M.M.P.); [email protected] (M.S.C.); [email protected] (V.C.R.) 2 Physical Education Course, Center for Health Studies and Research (NEPSAU), Univel University Center, Cascavel-PR, Av. Tito Muffato, 2317, Santa Cruz, Cascavel-PR CEP 85806-080, Brazil; [email protected] 3 Research Group on Biomolecules and Catalyze, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, Barreiras-BA CEP 47810-059, Brazil; [email protected] 4 Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Rodovia Dourados, Itahum Km 12, Cidade Universitaria, Caixa. postal 364, Dourados-MS CEP 79804-970, Brazil; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +55-(77)-3614-3152 Academic Editors: Raffaele Pezzani and Sara Vitalini Received: 22 July 2020; Accepted: 31 July 2020; Published: 26 August 2020 Abstract: Fruit plants have been widely used by the population as a source of food, income and in the treatment of various diseases due to their nutritional and pharmacological properties.
    [Show full text]
  • El Cabildo De Mallorca Y El Vicario General Sede Vacante Durante El Setecientos: Disputas Y Ámbitos De Poder», Revista De Historia Moderna
    Fecha de recepción: marzo de 2017 Fecha de aceptación: mayo de 2017 Link para este artículo: http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/RHM2017.35.15 Puede citar este artículo como: GARCÍA PÉREZ, Francisco José, «El cabildo de Mallorca y el vicario general sede vacante durante el Setecientos: disputas y ámbitos de poder», Revista de Historia Moderna. Anales de la Universidad de Alicante, n.º 35 (2017), pp. 497-529, DOI: 10.14198/RHM2017.35.15. EL CABILDO DE MALLORCA Y EL VICARIO GENERAL SEDE VACANTE DURANTE EL SETECIENTOS: DISPUTAS Y ÁMBITOS DE PODER FRANCISCO JOSÉ GARCÍA PÉREZ Universitat de les Illes Balears/IEHM [email protected] Resumen En Mallorca, los períodos de sede vacante a menudo se convertían en momentos tensos y complejos. La ausencia de un obispo abría un vacío de poder que era asumido primera por el vicario general sede vacante. Teóricamente él asumía la administración de los poderes diocesanos hasta la llegada del prelado electo. Sin embargo, durante el siglo XVIII esta figura sufrió una transformación vertiginosa. Las condiciones sociales y reli- giosas de Mallorca hicieron que el Cabildo catedralicio controlase al vicario general y lo utilizase para asumir un poder mayor, a veces, a costa de la autoridad de los obispos. Palabras clave: Mallorca, vicario general, obispo, Capítulo catedralicio, Lulismo. Abstract The Cathedral Chapter of Mallorca and the Vicar General during the 18th century: disputes and spheres of power In Majorca, the periods of sede vacante often were turning in tense and complex moments. The absence of a bishop was opening a gap of power that was assumed by the general vicar vacant.
    [Show full text]
  • Bells in the Jesuit Reducciones of Early Modern Paraguay
    journal of jesuit studies 3 (2016) 437-450 brill.com/jjs Todas las naciones han de oyrla: Bells in the Jesuit reducciones of Early Modern Paraguay Jutta Toelle Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics [email protected] Abstract The essay focuses on the role of bells in the Jesuit reducciones. Within the contest- ed sound world of the mission areas, bells played an important role as their sounds formed a sense of space, regulated social life, and established an audibility of time and order. Amongst all the other European sounds which Catholic missionaries had in- troduced by the seventeenth century—church songs, prayers in European languages, and instrumental music—bells functioned especially well as signals of the omnipo- tent and omnipresent Christian God and as instruments in the establishing of acoustic hegemony. Taking the Conquista espiritual by Antonio Ruiz de Montoya (1639) as its main source, the essay points to several references to bells, as objects of veneration, as part of a flexible material culture, and, most importantly, as weapons in the daily fight with non-Christians, the devil, and demons. Keywords bells – sounds – reducciones – Devil – material culture – Paracuaria/Paraguay – Anto- nio Ruiz de Montoya – Roque González de Santa Cruz – Anton Sepp … A bell, a well-known instrument made of metal, with which principal- ly the faithful are congregated to participate in the mass, or to hear the © toelle, 2016 | doi 10.1163/22141332-00303005 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial 4.0 Unported (CC-BY-NC 4.0) License.
    [Show full text]
  • Definitions of Child Abuse and Neglect
    STATE STATUTES Current Through March 2019 WHAT’S INSIDE Defining child abuse or Definitions of Child neglect in State law Abuse and Neglect Standards for reporting Child abuse and neglect are defined by Federal Persons responsible for the child and State laws. At the State level, child abuse and neglect may be defined in both civil and criminal Exceptions statutes. This publication presents civil definitions that determine the grounds for intervention by Summaries of State laws State child protective agencies.1 At the Federal level, the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment To find statute information for a Act (CAPTA) has defined child abuse and neglect particular State, as "any recent act or failure to act on the part go to of a parent or caregiver that results in death, https://www.childwelfare. serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse, gov/topics/systemwide/ or exploitation, or an act or failure to act that laws-policies/state/. presents an imminent risk of serious harm."2 1 States also may define child abuse and neglect in criminal statutes. These definitions provide the grounds for the arrest and prosecution of the offenders. 2 CAPTA Reauthorization Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-320), 42 U.S.C. § 5101, Note (§ 3). Children’s Bureau/ACYF/ACF/HHS 800.394.3366 | Email: [email protected] | https://www.childwelfare.gov Definitions of Child Abuse and Neglect https://www.childwelfare.gov CAPTA defines sexual abuse as follows: and neglect in statute.5 States recognize the different types of abuse in their definitions, including physical abuse, The employment, use, persuasion, inducement, neglect, sexual abuse, and emotional abuse.
    [Show full text]
  • Antonio Ruiz De Montoya, Apostle of the Guaraní
    journal of jesuit studies 3 (2016) 197-210 brill.com/jjs Antonio Ruiz de Montoya, Apostle of the Guaraní Barbara Ganson Florida Atlantic University [email protected] Abstract This essay highlights the accomplishments of one of the foremost Jesuit missionaries in seventeenth-century Paraguay, Antonio Ruiz de Montoya. Born in Lima, Montoya distinguished himself as a chronicler of the first encounters between the Jesuits and the Guaraní Indians of South America. He defended Indian rights by speaking out against Indian slavery. Montoya spent approximately twenty-five years among the Guaraní indigenous peoples who influenced his worldview and sense of spirituality, which are reflected in his 1636 first account of the Jesuit reducciones in Paraguay, Conquista espiritual hecha por los religiosos de la Compañía de Jesús en las provincias del Paraguay, Paraná, Uruguay, y Tapé. Keywords Guaraní – Spanish missions – ethnohistory – hybridity – Apostle St. Thomas – cannibalism – Indian slavery – Paraguay – reducciones – Antonio Ruiz de Montoya Introduction In 1636, the Peruvian Jesuit Antonio Ruiz de Montoya published in Madrid his Conquista espiritual hecha por los religiosos de la Compañía de Jesús en las pro- vincias del Paraguay, Paraná, Uruguay, y Tapé. This is a detailed account of his missionary experiences as a Jesuit and later superior of the Jesuit missions in an area known as Guayrá, which today is in southern Brazil (see Map 1), and then along the Paraná and Uruguay rivers of the Río de la Plata and Brazil between 1612 and 1637 in what became the most celebrated missions in the New World. Father Montoya became deeply immersed in the work of evange- lization of the Guaraní during most of his adult life, experiences that shaped © Ganson, 2016 | doi 10.1163/22141332-00302002 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial 4.0 Unported (CC-BY-NC 4.0) License.
    [Show full text]
  • Permanent War on Peru's Periphery: Frontier Identity
    id2653500 pdfMachine by Broadgun Software - a great PDF writer! - a great PDF creator! - http://www.pdfmachine.com http://www.broadgun.com ’S PERIPHERY: FRONT PERMANENT WAR ON PERU IER IDENTITY AND THE POLITICS OF CONFLICT IN 17TH CENTURY CHILE. By Eugene Clark Berger Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Vanderbilt University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in History August, 2006 Nashville, Tennessee Approved: Date: Jane Landers August, 2006 Marshall Eakin August, 2006 Daniel Usner August, 2006 íos Eddie Wright-R August, 2006 áuregui Carlos J August, 2006 id2725625 pdfMachine by Broadgun Software - a great PDF writer! - a great PDF creator! - http://www.pdfmachine.com http://www.broadgun.com HISTORY ’ PERMANENT WAR ON PERU S PERIPHERY: FRONTIER IDENTITY AND THE POLITICS OF CONFLICT IN 17TH-CENTURY CHILE EUGENE CLARK BERGER Dissertation under the direction of Professor Jane Landers This dissertation argues that rather than making a concerted effort to stabilize the Spanish-indigenous frontier in the south of the colony, colonists and indigenous residents of 17th century Chile purposefully perpetuated the conflict to benefit personally from the spoils of war and use to their advantage the resources sent by viceregal authorities to fight it. Using original documents I gathered in research trips to Chile and Spain, I am able to reconstruct the debates that went on both sides of the Atlantic over funds, protection from ’ th pirates, and indigenous slavery that so defined Chile s formative 17 century. While my conclusions are unique, frontier residents from Paraguay to northern New Spain were also dealing with volatile indigenous alliances, threats from European enemies, and questions about how their tiny settlements could get and keep the attention of the crown.
    [Show full text]