DOCSLIB.ORG

Communists, the Cambridge Spies and the Making of Modern Britain

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Communists, the Cambridge Spies and the Making of Modern Britain Richard Davenport-Hines Enemies Within: Communists, the Cambridge Spies and the Making of Modern Britain Аннотация What pushed Blunt, Burgess, Cairncross, Maclean and Philby into Soviet hands?With access to recently released papers and other neglected documents, this sharp analysis of the intelligence world examines how and why these men and others betrayed their country and what this cost Britain and its allies.Enemies Within is a new history of the influence of Moscow on Britain told through the stories of those who chose to spy for the Soviet Union. It also challenges entrenched assumptions about abused trust, corruption and Establishment cover- ups that began with the Cambridge Five and the disappearance of Guy Burgess and Donald Maclean on the night boat to Saint-Malo in 1951.In a book that is as intellectually thrilling as it is entertaining and illuminating, Richard Davenport-Hines traces the bonds between individuals, networks and organisations over generations to offer a study of character, both individual and institutional. At its core lie the operative traits of boarding schools, the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, the Intelligence Division, Foreign Office, MI5, MI6 and Moscow Centre.Davenport-Hines tells many stories of espionage, counter-espionage and treachery. With its vast scope, ambition and scholarship, Enemies Within charts how the undermining of authority, the rejection of expertise and the suspicion of educational advantages began, and how these have transformed the social and political temper of modern Britain. Содержание Copyright 7 Dedication 9 Epigraph 10 Author’s Note 16 Glossary 17 Illustration Credits 25 Aims 28 CHAPTER 1 38 Tsarist Russia 40 Leninist Russia 45 Stalinist Russia 61 The Great Illegals 68 Soviet espionage in foreign missions 76 The political culture of everlasting distrust 82 CHAPTER 2 90 Pre-Victorian espionage 91 Victorian espionage 96 Edwardian espionage 107 CHAPTER 3 112 The Flapper Vote 137 Security Service staffing 144 Office cultures and manly trust 152 CHAPTER 4 170 The uprising of the Metropolitan Police 171 Norman Ewer of the Daily Herald 177 George Slocombe in Paris 191 The Zinoviev letter and the ARCOS raid 197 MI5 investigates the Ewer–Hayes network 209 CHAPTER 5 225 The Communications Department 227 Ernest Oldham 235 Hans Pieck and John King 252 Walter Krivitsky 261 CHAPTER 6 277 Конец ознакомительного фрагмента. 280 Copyright William Collins An imprint of HarperCollinsPublishers 1 London Bridge Street London SE1 9GF www.WilliamCollinsBooks.com This eBook first published in Great Britain by William Collins in 2018 Copyright © 2018 Richard Davenport-Hines Cover design by Kate Gaughran Cover images © Tallandier/bridgemanimages.com; © Keystone/Getty Images; © Lytton Strachey/Frances Partridge/ Getty Images; © Keystone/Getty Images (photographs); Shutterstock.com (background texture & flag) Richard Davenport-Hines asserts the moral right to be identified as the author of this work A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, down-loaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins. Source ISBN: 9780007516674 Ebook Edition © January 2018 ISBN: 9780007516681 Version: 2017-12-11 Dedication With love for † Rory Benet Allan With gratitude to the Warden and Fellows of All Souls Epigraph The lie is a European power. FERDINAND LASSALLE Great is the power of steady misrepresentation. CHARLES DARWIN No great spy has been a short-term man. SIR JOHN MASTERMAN Men are classed less by achievement than by failure to achieve the impossible. SIR ROBERT VANSITTART Men go in herds: but every woman counts. BLANCHE WARRE-CORNISH Contents Cover Title Page Copyright Dedication Epigraph Author’s Note Glossary Illustration Credits Aims PART ONE: Rules of the Game Chapter 1: The Moscow Apparatus Tsarist Russia Leninist Russia Stalinist Russia The Great Illegals Soviet espionage in foreign missions The political culture of everlasting distrust Chapter 2: The Intelligence Division Pre-Victorian espionage Victorian espionage Edwardian espionage Chapter 3: The Whitehall Frame of Mind The age of intelligence The Flapper Vote Security Service staffing Office cultures and manly trust Chapter 4: The Vigilance Detectives The uprising of the Metropolitan Police Norman Ewer of the Daily Herald George Slocombe in Paris The Zinoviev letter and the ARCOS raid MI5 investigates the Ewer–Hayes network Chapter 5: The Cipher Spies The Communications Department Ernest Oldham Hans Pieck and John King Walter Krivitsky Chapter 6: The Blueprint Spies Industrial mobilization and espionage Propaganda against armaments manufacturers MI5 watch Wilfrid Vernon MI5 watch Percy Glading The trial of Glading PART TWO: Asking for Trouble Chapter 7: The Little Clans School influences stronger than parental examples Kim Philby at Westminster Donald Maclean at Gresham’s Guy Burgess at Eton and Dartmouth Anthony Blunt at Marlborough Chapter 8: The Cambridge Cell Undergraduates in the 1920s Marxist converts after the 1931 crisis Oxford compared to Cambridge Stamping out the bourgeoisie Chapter 9: The Vienna Comrades Red Vienna Anti-fascist activism Philby’s recruitment as an agent Chapter 10: The Ring of Five The induction of Philby, Maclean and Burgess David Footman and Dick White The recruitment of Blunt and Cairncross Maclean in Paris Philby in Spain: Burgess in Section D Goronwy Rees at All Souls Chapter 11: The People’s War Emergency recruitment The United States Security Service vetting Wartime London ‘Better Communism than Nazism’ ‘Softening the oaken heart of England’ Chapter 12: The Desk Officers Modrzhinskaya in Moscow Philby at SIS Maclean in London and Washington Burgess desk-hopping Blunt in MI5 Cairncross hooks BOSS Chapter 13: The Atomic Spies Alan Nunn May Klaus Fuchs Harwell and Semipalatinsk Chapter 14: The Cold War Dictaphones behind the wainscots? Contending priorities for MI5 Anglo-American attitudes A seizure in Istanbul Chapter 15: The Alcoholic Panic Philby’s dry martinis Burgess’s dégringolade Maclean’s breakdowns The VENONA crisis PART THREE: Settling the Score Chapter 16: The Missing Diplomats ‘All agog about the two Missing Diplomats’ ‘As if evidence was the test of truth!’ States of denial Chapter 17: The Establishment Subversive rumours William Marshall ‘The Third Man’ George Blake Class McCarthyism Chapter 18: The Brotherhood of Perverted Men The Cadogan committee ‘Friends in high places’ John Vassall Charles Fletcher-Cooke Chapter 19: The Exiles Burgess and Maclean in Moscow Philby in Beirut Bestsellers Oleg Lyalin in London Chapter 20: The Mole Hunts Colonel Grace-Groundling-Marchpole Robin Zaehner and Stuart Hampshire Anthony Blunt and Andrew Boyle ‘Only out for the money’ Maurice Oldfield and Chapman Pincher Envoi Picture Section Notes Index Acknowledgements About the Author Also by Richard Davenport-Hines About the Publisher Author’s Note In MI5 files the symbol @ is used to indicate an alias, and repetitions of @ indicate a variety of aliases or codenames. I have followed this practice in the text. Glossary Abwehr German military intelligence, 1920–45 active measures Black propaganda, dirty tricks agent Individual who performs intelligence assignments for an intelligence agency without being an officer or staff member of that agency agent of influence An agent who is able to influence policy decisions ARCOS All Russian Co-operative Society, London, 1920–7 asset A source of human intelligence BSA Birmingham Small Arms Company C Chief of the Secret Intelligence Service case officer An officer of an intelligence agency responsible for operating a particular agent or asset Cheka Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counter- Revolution and Sabotage, USSR, 1917–22 CIA Central Intelligence Agency, USA, 1947– CID Committee of Imperial Defence, London, 1902–39 CIGS Chief of the Imperial General Staff, London, 1909–64 Comintern Third Communist International, USSR, 1919–43 CPGB Communist Party of Great Britain, 1920–91 CPUSA Communist Party of the United States of America, 1921– cut-out The intermediary communicating secret information between the provider and recipient of illicit information; knowing the source and destination of the transmitted information, but ignorant of the identities of other persons involved in the spying network dead drop Prearranged location where an agent, asset or case officer may leave material for collection double agent Agent cooperating with the intelligence service of one nation state while also working for and controlled by the intelligence or security service of another nation state DPP Directorate of Public Prosecutions, UK DSO Defence Security Officer, MI5 FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation, US law enforcement agency, 1908– FCO Foreign & Commonwealth Office, 1968– FO Foreign Office Fourth Department Soviet military intelligence, known as the Fourth Department of the Red Army’s General Staff, 1926– 42 Friend Source GC&CS Government Code & Cypher School, 1919–46 GCHQ Government Communications Headquarters, 1946– GPU State Political Directorate,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • IIIS Discussion Paper No. 211 the British Joint Intelligence Committee
    Institute for International Integration Studies IIIS Discussion Paper No.211 / March 2007 The British Joint Intelligence Committee and Ireland, 1965-1972 Eunan O’Halpin Centre for Contemporary Irish History Trinity College Dublin IIIS Discussion Paper No. 211 The British Joint Intelligence Committee and Ireland, 1965-1972 Eunan O’Halpin Disclaimer Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of the IIIS. All works posted here are owned and copyrighted by the author(s). Papers may only be downloaded for personal use only. IIIS Discussion Paper No. 211 The British Joint Intelligence Committee and Ireland, 1965-1972 Eunan O’Halpin Disclaimer Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of the IIIS. All works posted here are owned and copyrighted by the author(s). Papers may only be downloaded for personal use only. The British Joint Intelligence Committee and Ireland, 1965-1972 Eunan O’Halpin Centre for Contemporary Irish History Trinity College Dublin 3/8/2007\\Iiissan\iiismanagement\Discussion Paper Series B\Eunan O' Halpin\211\JICpaperIIIS.doc10:36 AM 2 This paper discusses the performance of the British Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC) in anticipating and assessing the dangers posed to British interests by instability in Ireland between 1965 and 1972, and in setting the parameters within which intelligence operations to counter terrorism were mounted. It concentrates on the performance of the central intelligence assessment machinery of British government, not on the politics of Anglo-Irish relations.1 It explores the performance of the JIC, at least as revealed by the redacted material available in the public archives, in terms of intelligence organization and intelligence failure.
    [Show full text]
  • SPYCATCHER by PETER WRIGHT with Paul Greengrass WILLIAM
    SPYCATCHER by PETER WRIGHT with Paul Greengrass WILLIAM HEINEMANN: AUSTRALIA First published in 1987 by HEINEMANN PUBLISHERS AUSTRALIA (A division of Octopus Publishing Group/Australia Pty Ltd) 85 Abinger Street, Richmond, Victoria, 3121. Copyright (c) 1987 by Peter Wright ISBN 0-85561-166-9 All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior written permission of the publisher. TO MY WIFE LOIS Prologue For years I had wondered what the last day would be like. In January 1976 after two decades in the top echelons of the British Security Service, MI5, it was time to rejoin the real world. I emerged for the final time from Euston Road tube station. The winter sun shone brightly as I made my way down Gower Street toward Trafalgar Square. Fifty yards on I turned into the unmarked entrance to an anonymous office block. Tucked between an art college and a hospital stood the unlikely headquarters of British Counterespionage. I showed my pass to the policeman standing discreetly in the reception alcove and took one of the specially programmed lifts which carry senior officers to the sixth-floor inner sanctum. I walked silently down the corridor to my room next to the Director-General's suite. The offices were quiet. Far below I could hear the rumble of tube trains carrying commuters to the West End. I unlocked my door. In front of me stood the essential tools of the intelligence officer’s trade - a desk, two telephones, one scrambled for outside calls, and to one side a large green metal safe with an oversized combination lock on the front.
    [Show full text]
  • American Intelligence and the Question of Hitler's Death
    American Intelligence and the Question of Hitler’s Death Undergraduate Research Thesis Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with honors research distinction in History in the Undergraduate colleges of The Ohio State University by Kelsey Mullen The Ohio State University November 2014 Project Advisor: Professor Alice Conklin, Department of History Project Mentor: Doctoral Candidate Sarah K. Douglas, Department of History American Intelligence and the Question of Hitler’s Death 2 Introduction The fall of Berlin marked the end of the European theatre of the Second World War. The Red Army ravaged the city and laid much of it to waste in the early days of May 1945. A large portion of Hitler’s inner circle, including the Führer himself, had been holed up in the Führerbunker underneath the old Reich Chancellery garden since January of 1945. Many top Nazi Party officials fled or attempted to flee the city ruins in the final moments before their destruction at the Russians’ hands. When the dust settled, the German army’s capitulation was complete. There were many unanswered questions for the Allies of World War II following the Nazi surrender. Invading Russian troops, despite recovering Hitler’s body, failed to disclose this fact to their Allies when the battle ended. In September of 1945, Dick White, the head of counter intelligence in the British zone of occupation, assigned a young scholar named Hugh Trevor- Roper to conduct an investigation into Hitler’s last days in order to refute the idea the Russians promoted and perpetuated that the Führer had escaped.1 Major Trevor-Roper began his investigation on September 18, 1945 and presented his conclusions to the international press on November 1, 1945.
    [Show full text]
  • British Domestic Security Policy and Communist Subversion: 1945-1964
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Apollo British Domestic Security Policy and Communist Subversion: 1945-1964 William Styles Corpus Christi College, University of Cambridge September 2016 This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy William Styles British Domestic Security Policy and Communist Subversion: 1945-1964 This thesis is concerned with an analysis of British governmental attitudes and responses to communism in the United Kingdom during the early years of the Cold War, from the election of the Attlee government in July 1945 up until the election of the Wilson government in October 1964. Until recently the topic has been difficult to assess accurately, due to the scarcity of available original source material. However, as a result of multiple declassifications of both Cabinet Office and Security Service files over the past five years it is now possible to analyse the subject in greater depth and detail than had been previously feasible. The work is predominantly concerned with four key areas: firstly, why domestic communism continued to be viewed as a significant threat by successive governments – even despite both the ideology’s relatively limited popular support amongst the general public and Whitehall’s realisation that the Communist Party of Great Britain presented little by way of a direct challenge to British political stability. Secondly, how Whitehall’s understanding of the nature and severity of the threat posed by British communism developed between the late 1940s and early ‘60s, from a problem considered mainly of importance only to civil service security practices to one which directly impacted upon the conduct of educational policy and labour relations.
    [Show full text]
  • Graham Russell Mitchell Graham Mitchell Born Graham Russell
    Graham Russell Mitchell Graham Mitchell Born Graham Russell Mitchell 4 November 1905 Kenilworth, Warwickshire Died 19 November 1984 (aged 79) Sherington, Buckinghamshire Nationality British Other names Graham Russell Mitchell Occupation MI5 Security Service officer and deputy director general Spouse(s) Eleonora Patricia Robertson Graham Russell Mitchell OBE, CB (1905 – 1984), was the deputy director general of MI5, the British Security Service, between 1956 and 1963. In 1963Roger Hollis, the MI5 director general, authorised the secret investigation of Mitchell following suspicions within the Secret Intelligence Service MI6 that he was a Soviet agent. It is now thought unlikely that he ever was a "mole". Personal life Graham Mitchell, the eldest child of Alfred Sherrington Mitchell, a captain in the Royal Warwickshire Regiment, and Sibyl Gemma Mitchell, née Heathcote, was born on 4 November 1905 in Kenilworth, Warwickshire. He attended Winchester College and Magdalen College, Oxford to read politics, philosophy, and economics. As a child he had poliomyelitis which left him with a pronounced limp but he nevertheless went on to become an accomplished golfer and he sailed for Oxford University. In lawn tennis he was a partner in the men's doubles winning team of the Queen's Club Championships in 1930. He represented Great Britain at correspondence chess and was at one time ranked fifth in the world. In 1934 he married Eleonora Patricia Robertson (1909 – 1993), daughter of James Marshall Robertson, and the couple had two children.[1] After graduation in 1927 Mitchell was briefly a journalist for the Illustrated London News in 1935 before joining the research department of Conservative Central Office, led by Sir Joseph Ball.[1][2] The "research department" was actually an intelligence service which had infiltrated Labour Party Headquarters.[2] Unfit for military service because of his polio, he joined the MI5 in November 1939.
    [Show full text]
  • MI6: Fifty Years of Special Operations
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by University of Huddersfield Repository University of Huddersfield Repository Dorril, Stephen A Critical Review: MI6: Fifty years of special operations Original Citation Dorril, Stephen (2010) A Critical Review: MI6: Fifty years of special operations. Doctoral thesis, University of Huddersfield. This version is available at http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/9763/ The University Repository is a digital collection of the research output of the University, available on Open Access. Copyright and Moral Rights for the items on this site are retained by the individual author and/or other copyright owners. Users may access full items free of charge; copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided: • The authors, title and full bibliographic details is credited in any copy; • A hyperlink and/or URL is included for the original metadata page; and • The content is not changed in any way. For more information, including our policy and submission procedure, please contact the Repository Team at: [email protected]. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/ University of Huddersfield PhD by Publication STEPHEN DORRIL A Critical Review: MI6: FIFTY YEARS OF SPECIAL OPERATIONS Presented December 2010 1 I would like to thank Professor Keith Laybourn for his welcome comments and generous support during the writing of this review. - Stephen Dorril 2 CONTENTS 1. THE REVIEW page 4 to page 40 - Introduction page 4 to page 8 - Methodology and Research page 9 to page 25 - Contents page 26 to page 35 - Impact page 36 to page 40 - Conclusion page 41 to page 42 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Terror, Security and the Media
    University of Warwick institutional repository: http://go.warwick.ac.uk/wrap This paper is made available online in accordance with publisher policies. Please scroll down to view the document itself. Please refer to the repository record for this item and our policy information available from the repository home page for further information. To see the final version of this paper please visit the publisher’s website. Access to the published version may require a subscription. Author(s): Richard Aldrich Article Title: Policing the Past: Official History, Secrecy and British Intelligence since 1945 Year of publication: 2004 Link to published version: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/119.483.922 Publisher statement: This is a pre-copy-editing, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in The English Historical Review following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version, Aldrich, R. (2004). Policing the Past: Official History, Secrecy and British Intelligence since 1945. The English Historical Review, 119, pp. 922-953 is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/119.483.922 Policing the Past: Official History, Secrecy and British Intelligence since 19451 Richard J. Aldrich The British government has fought a long campaign to ensure that much of the history of its intelligence services remains secret.2 Since 1945, its most concerted opponents have been a motley band of memoir writers, journalists and intelligence historians. Britain’s gradual retreat from absolute secrecy in the area of intelligence history enjoys some parallels with Britain’s retreat from Empire. Arguably, the guardians of secrecy in the Cabinet Office have played the part of colonial governors, while the band of 'would-be writers' have taken the role of the native agitators.
    [Show full text]
  • Confidence Men the Mediterranean Double-Cross System, 1941-45 By
    Confidence Men The Mediterranean Double-Cross System, 1941-45 by Brett Edward Lintott A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Graduate Department of History, in the University of Toronto © Copyright by Brett Edward Lintott, 2015 Abstract Confidence Men The Mediterranean Double-Cross System, 1941-45 Brett Edward Lintott Doctor of Philosophy Department of History University of Toronto, 2015 This dissertation provides an analysis of the Mediterranean double-cross system of the Second World War, which was composed of a number of double agents who were turned by the Allies and operated against their ostensible German spymasters. Utilizing many freshly released archival materials, this study assesses how the double-cross system was constructed, why it was an effective instrument, and how it contributed to Allied success in two areas: security and counter-intelligence, and military deception. The focus is thus on both organization and operations. The chapters cover three chronological periods. In the first — 1941-42 — the initial operational usage of a double agent is assessed, along with the development of early organizational structures to manage and operate individual cases as components of a team of spies. The second section, covering 1943, assesses three issues: major organizational innovations made early that year; the subsequent use of the double agent system to deceive the Germans regarding the planned invasion of Sicily in July; and the ongoing effort to utilize double agents to ensure a stable security and counter-intelligence environment in the Mediterranean theatre. The third and final section analyzes events in 1944, with a focus on double-cross deception in Italy and France, and on the emergence of more systematic security and counter-intelligence double-cross operations in Italy and the Middle East.
    [Show full text]
  • The British Intelligence Community in Singapore, 1946-1959: Local
    The British intelligence community in Singapore, 1946-1959: Local security, regional coordination and the Cold War in the Far East Alexander Nicholas Shaw Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of PhD The University of Leeds, School of History January 2019 The candidate confirms that the work submitted is his own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. The right of Alexander Nicholas Shaw to be identified as Author of this work has been asserted by Alexander Nicholas Shaw in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Acknowledgements I would like to thank all those who have supported me during this project. Firstly, to my funders, the White Rose College of the Arts and Humanities and the Arts and Humanities Research Council. Caryn Douglas and Clare Meadley have always been most encouraging and have never stinted in supplying sausage rolls. At Leeds, I am grateful to my supervisors Simon Ball, Adam Cathcart and, prior to his retirement, Martin Thornton. Emma Chippendale and Joanna Phillips have been invaluable guides in navigating the waters of PhD admin. In Durham, I am indebted to Francis Gotto from Palace Green Library and the Oriental Museum’s Craig Barclay and Rachel Barclay. I never expected to end up curating an exhibition of Asian art when I started researching British intelligence, but Rachel and Craig made that happen.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Dictionary of International Intelligence Second Edition
    The historical dictionaries present essential information on a broad range of subjects, including American and world history, art, business, cities, countries, cultures, customs, film, global conflicts, international relations, literature, music, philosophy, religion, sports, and theater. Written by experts, all contain highly informative introductory essays on the topic and detailed chronologies that, in some cases, cover vast historical time periods but still manage to heavily feature more recent events. Brief A–Z entries describe the main people, events, politics, social issues, institutions, and policies that make the topic unique, and entries are cross- referenced for ease of browsing. Extensive bibliographies are divided into several general subject areas, providing excellent access points for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more. Additionally, maps, pho- tographs, and appendixes of supplemental information aid high school and college students doing term papers or introductory research projects. In short, the historical dictionaries are the perfect starting point for anyone looking to research in these fields. HISTORICAL DICTIONARIES OF INTELLIGENCE AND COUNTERINTELLIGENCE Jon Woronoff, Series Editor Israeli Intelligence, by Ephraim Kahana, 2006. Russian and Soviet Intelligence, by Robert W. Pringle, 2006. Cold War Counterintelligence, by Nigel West, 2007. World War II Intelligence, by Nigel West, 2008. Sexspionage, by Nigel West, 2009. Air Intelligence, by Glenmore S. Trenear-Harvey, 2009. Middle Eastern Intelligence, by Ephraim Kahana and Muhammad Suwaed, 2009. German Intelligence, by Jefferson Adams, 2009. Ian Fleming’s World of Intelligence: Fact and Fiction, by Nigel West, 2009. Naval Intelligence, by Nigel West, 2010. Atomic Espionage, by Glenmore S. Trenear-Harvey, 2011. Chinese Intelligence, by I. C.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterizing Kim Philby
    CHARACTERIZING KIM PHILBY by Elizabeth Campbell B.A. May 2005, Vanderbilt University A Thesis submitted to The Faculty of Columbian College of Arts and Sciences of The George Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Arts May 16, 2010 Thesis directed by Ronald Spector Professor of History To my parents, for their love and financial support ♥♥♥♥♥ ii Abstract Characterizing Kim Philby Harold “Kim” Philby was a double agent in the counter-espionage unit of the British Secret Service during the 1940’s and 50’s. For many years he evaded discovery, passing valuable intelligence over to his Soviet controllers in Moscow. Eventually British officials uncovered Philby’s treasonous activities. He took refuge behind the Iron Curtain, fleeing to Moscow in 1963. But Philby was not to be disposed of so easily. He wrote an autobiography, inspiring the scrutiny of historians, journalists, and popular novelists, who in turn wrote their own versions of the Philby affair. In the midst of the clandestine world of the Cold War, Philby’s exploits thrilled and terrified audiences all over the world. Kim Philby became a cult figure, and soon it was impossible to separate the person from the image. To many, including his bewildered colleagues in the Secret Service, Kim Philby became a chameleon, an impenetrable façade. Novelists like John le Carré and Graham Greene also tried to “crack the code” of Kim Philby, to divorce the man from the myth. His story became a part of their stories: the double agent in Greene’s The Human Factor , and le Carré’s Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy are based on Philby.
    [Show full text]
  • La Perception Des Volontaires Britanniques De La Guerre D’Espagne
    Université Paris Sorbonne – Paris IV UFR d’Histoire – UFR d’Anglais La perception des volontaires britanniques de la guerre d’Espagne, de la surveillance à la redécouverte Bertrand LARGEAUD Mémoire présenté en vue de la validation du Master 2 d’Histoire-Anglais Sous la direction de M. Fabrice BENSIMON Professeur de civilisation britannique à Paris Sorbonne – Paris IV M. Jean-Noël LUC Professeur d’histoire contemporaine à Paris Sorbonne – Paris IV Septembre 2013 La perception des volontaires britanniques de la Guerre d’Espagne, de la surveillance à la redécouverte Remerciements Je veux avant tout remercier Messieurs les professeurs Jean-Noël Luc et Fabrice Bensimon pour leurs conseils avisés et leur suivi, sans lesquels ce travail aurait été bien moins complet et pertinent. Je les remercie également, ainsi que l’Université Paris Sorbonne Paris-IV et le département d’Histoire, pour m’avoir donné la possibilité matérielle de me rendre aux Archives Nationales de Kew, étape indispensable pour mener à bien cette recherche. Le personnel de la Bibliothèque de Documentation Internationale Contemporaine de Nanterre, des Archives nationales de Kew et de l’Institut d’Histoire Sociale d’Amsterdam ont été admirables de patience et de gentillesse, et ont su me guider utilement dans les méandres des archives. Je les en remercie. Je tiens à remercier tout particulièrement Anne et Manon pour leur travail inlassable de relecture et d’aide à la mise en page, leur soutien indéfectible, leurs conseils ou critiques pertinents et leur pugnacité dans l’épreuve de la rédaction, et plus spécialement Manon pour sa présence à mes côtés tout au long de cette longue année.
    [Show full text]