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Communists, the Cambridge Spies and the Making of Modern Britain

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Richard Davenport-Hines Enemies Within: Communists, the Cambridge Spies and the Making of Modern Britain «HarperCollins» Davenport-Hines R. Enemies Within: Communists, the Cambridge Spies and the Making of Modern Britain / R. Davenport-Hines — «HarperCollins», What pushed Blunt, Burgess, Cairncross, Maclean and Philby into Soviet hands? With access to recently released papers and other neglected documents, this sharp analysis of the intelligence world examines how and why these men and others betrayed their country and what this cost Britain and its allies.Enemies Within is a new history of the influence of Moscow on Britain told through the stories of those who chose to spy for the Soviet Union. It also challenges entrenched assumptions about abused trust, corruption and Establishment cover-ups that began with the Cambridge Five and the disappearance of Guy Burgess and Donald Maclean on the night boat to Saint-Malo in 1951.In a book that is as intellectually thrilling as it is entertaining and illuminating, Richard Davenport-Hines traces the bonds between individuals, networks and organisations over generations to offer a study of character, both individual and institutional. At its core lie the operative traits of boarding schools, the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, the Intelligence Division, Foreign Office, MI5, MI6 and Moscow Centre.Davenport- Hines tells many stories of espionage, counter-espionage and treachery. With its vast scope, ambition and scholarship, Enemies Within charts how the undermining of authority, the rejection of expertise and the suspicion of educational advantages began, and how these have transformed the social and political temper of modern Britain. © Davenport-Hines R. © HarperCollins R. Davenport-Hines. «Enemies Within: Communists, the Cambridge Spies and the Making of Modern Britain» Содержание Copyright 6 Dedication 7 Epigraph 8 Author’s Note 11 Glossary 12 Illustration Credits 15 Aims 17 CHAPTER 1 21 Tsarist Russia 22 Leninist Russia 24 Stalinist Russia 30 The Great Illegals 33 Soviet espionage in foreign missions 36 The political culture of everlasting distrust 38 CHAPTER 2 41 Pre-Victorian espionage 42 Victorian espionage 44 Edwardian espionage 48 CHAPTER 3 50 The Flapper Vote 59 Security Service staffing 62 Office cultures and manly trust 65 CHAPTER 4 72 The uprising of the Metropolitan Police 73 Norman Ewer of the Daily Herald 75 George Slocombe in Paris 80 The Zinoviev letter and the ARCOS raid 82 MI5 investigates the Ewer–Hayes network 86 CHAPTER 5 92 The Communications Department 93 Ernest Oldham 96 Hans Pieck and John King 102 Walter Krivitsky 105 CHAPTER 6 111 Конец ознакомительного фрагмента. 112 4 R. Davenport-Hines. «Enemies Within: Communists, the Cambridge Spies and the Making of Modern Britain» 5 R. Davenport-Hines. «Enemies Within: Communists, the Cambridge Spies and the Making of Modern Britain» Copyright William Collins An imprint of HarperCollinsPublishers 1 London Bridge Street London SE1 9GF www.WilliamCollinsBooks.com This eBook first published in Great Britain by William Collins in 2018 Copyright © 2018 Richard Davenport-Hines Cover design by Kate Gaughran Cover images © Tallandier/bridgemanimages.com; © Keystone/Getty Images; © Lytton Strachey/Frances Partridge/Getty Images; © Keystone/Getty Images (photographs); Shutterstock.com (background texture & flag) Richard Davenport-Hines asserts the moral right to be identified as the author of this work A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, down- loaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins. Source ISBN: 9780007516674 Ebook Edition © January 2018 ISBN: 9780007516681 Version: 2017-12-11 6 R. Davenport-Hines. «Enemies Within: Communists, the Cambridge Spies and the Making of Modern Britain» Dedication With love for † Rory Benet Allan With gratitude to the Warden and Fellows of All Souls 7 R. Davenport-Hines. «Enemies Within: Communists, the Cambridge Spies and the Making of Modern Britain» Epigraph The lie is a European power. FERDINAND LASSALLE Great is the power of steady misrepresentation. CHARLES DARWIN No great spy has been a short-term man. SIR JOHN MASTERMAN Men are classed less by achievement than by failure to achieve the impossible. SIR ROBERT VANSITTART Men go in herds: but every woman counts. BLANCHE WARRE-CORNISH Contents Cover Title Page Copyright Dedication Epigraph Author’s Note Glossary Illustration Credits Aims PART ONE: Rules of the Game Chapter 1: The Moscow Apparatus Tsarist Russia Leninist Russia Stalinist Russia The Great Illegals Soviet espionage in foreign missions The political culture of everlasting distrust Chapter 2: The Intelligence Division Pre-Victorian espionage Victorian espionage Edwardian espionage Chapter 3: The Whitehall Frame of Mind The age of intelligence The Flapper Vote Security Service staffing Office cultures and manly trust Chapter 4: The Vigilance Detectives The uprising of the Metropolitan Police Norman Ewer of the Daily Herald George Slocombe in Paris The Zinoviev letter and the ARCOS raid MI5 investigates the Ewer–Hayes network Chapter 5: The Cipher Spies The Communications Department Ernest Oldham 8 R. Davenport-Hines. «Enemies Within: Communists, the Cambridge Spies and the Making of Modern Britain» Hans Pieck and John King Walter Krivitsky Chapter 6: The Blueprint Spies Industrial mobilization and espionage Propaganda against armaments manufacturers MI5 watch Wilfrid Vernon MI5 watch Percy Glading The trial of Glading PART TWO: Asking for Trouble Chapter 7: The Little Clans School influences stronger than parental examples Kim Philby at Westminster Donald Maclean at Gresham’s Guy Burgess at Eton and Dartmouth Anthony Blunt at Marlborough Chapter 8: The Cambridge Cell Undergraduates in the 1920s Marxist converts after the 1931 crisis Oxford compared to Cambridge Stamping out the bourgeoisie Chapter 9: The Vienna Comrades Red Vienna Anti-fascist activism Philby’s recruitment as an agent Chapter 10: The Ring of Five The induction of Philby, Maclean and Burgess David Footman and Dick White The recruitment of Blunt and Cairncross Maclean in Paris Philby in Spain: Burgess in Section D Goronwy Rees at All Souls Chapter 11: The People’s War Emergency recruitment The United States Security Service vetting Wartime London ‘Better Communism than Nazism’ ‘Softening the oaken heart of England’ Chapter 12: The Desk Officers Modrzhinskaya in Moscow Philby at SIS Maclean in London and Washington Burgess desk-hopping Blunt in MI5 Cairncross hooks BOSS Chapter 13: The Atomic Spies Alan Nunn May Klaus Fuchs Harwell and Semipalatinsk 9 R. Davenport-Hines. «Enemies Within: Communists, the Cambridge Spies and the Making of Modern Britain» Chapter 14: The Cold War Dictaphones behind the wainscots? Contending priorities for MI5 Anglo-American attitudes A seizure in Istanbul Chapter 15: The Alcoholic Panic Philby’s dry martinis Burgess’s dégringolade Maclean’s breakdowns The VENONA crisis PART THREE: Settling the Score Chapter 16: The Missing Diplomats ‘All agog about the two Missing Diplomats’ ‘As if evidence was the test of truth!’ States of denial Chapter 17: The Establishment Subversive rumours William Marshall ‘The Third Man’ George Blake Class McCarthyism Chapter 18: The Brotherhood of Perverted Men The Cadogan committee ‘Friends in high places’ John Vassall Charles Fletcher-Cooke Chapter 19: The Exiles Burgess and Maclean in Moscow Philby in Beirut Bestsellers Oleg Lyalin in London Chapter 20: The Mole Hunts Colonel Grace-Groundling-Marchpole Robin Zaehner and Stuart Hampshire Anthony Blunt and Andrew Boyle ‘Only out for the money’ Maurice Oldfield and Chapman Pincher Envoi Picture Section Notes Index Acknowledgements About the Author Also by Richard Davenport-Hines About the Publisher 10 R. Davenport-Hines. «Enemies Within: Communists, the Cambridge Spies and the Making of Modern Britain» Author’s Note In MI5 files the symbol @ is used to indicate an alias, and repetitions of @ indicate a variety of aliases or codenames. I have followed this practice in the text. 11 R. Davenport-Hines. «Enemies Within: Communists, the Cambridge Spies and the Making of Modern Britain» Glossary Abwehr German military intelligence, 1920–45 active measures Black propaganda, dirty tricks agent Individual who performs intelligence assignments for an intelligence agency without being an officer or staff member of that agency agent of influence An agent who is able to influence policy decisions ARCOS All Russian Co-operative Society, London, 1920–7 asset A source of human intelligence BSA Birmingham Small Arms Company C Chief of the Secret Intelligence Service case officer An officer of an intelligence agency responsible for operating a particular agent or asset Cheka Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution and Sabotage, USSR, 1917–22 CIA Central Intelligence Agency, USA, 1947– CID Committee of Imperial Defence, London, 1902– 39 CIGS Chief of the Imperial General Staff, London, 1909–64 Comintern Third Communist International, USSR, 1919– 43 CPGB Communist
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