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Moles, Defectors, and Deceptions: James Angleton and His Influence on US Counterintelligence,” Held at the Woodrow Wilson Center (Washington, D.C.) on 29 March 2012

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Moles, Defectors, and Deceptions: James Angleton and His Influence on US Counterintelligence,” Held at the Woodrow Wilson Center (Washington, D.C.) on 29 March 2012 Moles, Defectors, and Deceptions: James Angleton His I nfluence on U MOLES DEFECTORS, AND S C DECEPTIONS: ounterintelligence James Angleton and His Influence AND on US Counterintelligence THURSDAY, 29 MARCH 2012 THURSDAY A WILSON CENTER AND GEORGETOWN 29 / MARCH UNIVERSITY CENTER FOR SECURITY STUDIES 2012 JOINT CONFERENCE MOLES DEFECTORS, AND DECEPTIONS: James Angleton and His Infl uence on US Counterintelligence A WILSON CENTER AND GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY CENTER FOR SECURITY STUDIES JOINT CONFERENCE EDITED BY BRUCE HOFFMAN AND CHRISTIAN OSTERMANN Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars One Woodrow Wilson Plaza 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington, DC 20004-3027 www.wilsoncenter.org ISBN 978-1-938027-32-1 © 2014 Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars CONTENTS WELCOME AND INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 1 PANEL I: Angleton from the Inside 6 Tennent Bagley (CIA, retired) Carl Colby (Producer/Director “The Man Nobody Knew: In Search of My Father, CIA Spymaster William Colby”) Edward Epstein (author, journalist) Ronald Kessler (author, journalist) Barry Royden (CIA) LUNCHEON KEYNOTE ADDRESS: Intelligence and Conspiracy Theory: The Case of James Angleton in Long-Term Perspective 41 Christopher Andrew (University of Cambridge) PANEL II: Angleton and His Times 59 Loch Johnson (University of Georgia) Oleg Kalugin (CI Centre) David Martin (author, journalist) PANEL III: The Long View 84 John Prados (National Security Archive) David Robarge (Central Intelligence Agency) David Wise (author, journalist) IIIiii THE WOODROW WILSON INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR SCHOLARS, is the national, living U.S. memorial honoring President Woodrow Wilson. In providing an essential link between the worlds of ideas and public policy, the Center addresses current and emerging challenges confronting the United States and the world. Th e Center promotes policy-relevant research and dialogue to increase un- derstanding and enhance the capabilities and knowledge of leaders, citizens, and institutions worldwide. Created by an act of Congress in 1968, the Center is a nonpartisan institution headquartered in Washington, D.C., and supported by both public and private funds. Conclusions or opinions expressed in Center publications and programs are those of the authors and speak- ers and do not necessarily refl ect the views of the Center staff , fellows, trustees, advisory groups, or any indi- viduals or organizations that provide fi nancial support to the Center. Th e Center is the publisher of Th e Wilson Quarterly and home of Woodrow Wilson Center Press, dialogue radio and television. For more information about the Center’s activities and publications, please visit us on the web at www.wilsoncenter.org. Jane Harman, Director, President, and CEO BOARD OF TRUSTEES Th omas R. Nides, Chairman of the Board Private Citizen Members: Sander R. Gerber, Vice Chairman Timothy Broas, John T. Casteen, III, Charles Public Citizen Members: Cobb, Jr., Th elma Duggin, Carlos M. Gutierrez, James H. Billington, Librarian of Congress; John F. Susan Hutchison, Barry S. Jackson Kerry, Secretary, U.S. Department of State; G. Wayne Wilson National Cabinet: Clough, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution; Arne Eddie & Sylvia Brown, Melva Bucksbaum & Duncan, Secretary, U.S. Department of Education; Raymond Learsy, Ambassadors Sue & Chuck Cobb, David Ferriero, Archivist of the United States National Lester Crown, Th elma Duggin, Judi Flom, Sander R. Archives and Records Administration; Fred P. Gerber, Ambassador Joseph B. Gildenhorn & Alma Hochberg, Chairman and President, Export-Import Gildenhorn, Harman Family Foundation, Susan Bank; Kathleen Sebelius, Secretary, U.S. Department Hutchison, Frank F. Islam, Willem Kooyker, Linda of Health and Human Services; Carole Watson, Acting B. & Tobia G. Mercuro, Dr. Alexander V. Mirtchev, Chairman, National Endowment for the Humanities Wayne Rogers, Leo Zickler The following publication contains the proceedings of the conference “Moles, Defectors, and Deceptions: James Angleton and His Influence on US Counterintelligence,” held at the Woodrow Wilson Center (Washington, D.C.) on 29 March 2012. The editors gratefully acknowledge the support of the George T. Kalaris Intelligence Studies Fund. iv HEADER WELCOME AND INTRODUCTORY REMARKS Christian Ostermann (Woodrow Wilson Center) Bruce Hoff man (Georgetown University) CHRISTIAN OSTERMANN: Welcome to the Wilson Center, I am Christian on Cold War and recent international history. We col- Ostermann. I direct the History and Public Policy lect, translate and publish documents from former Program here at the Center, and it’s a great pleasure Soviet and communist world archives. We now do a to welcome all of you to our institution. Many of you lot of work especially in Asian archives and are moving are familiar with the Center. Th e Center is the nation’s slowly into the Middle East, and have over the years living memorial to President Woodrow Wilson and focused every now and then on intelligence issues. We tries to provide a nonpartisan forum for dialogue on are delighted to be co-hosting this event; I should add important public policy issues, including the histori- that the History and Public Policy Program is one of cal context to these public policy issues that are often your Wilson Center hosts. Th e other co-host is Robert overlooked in this town. And so, it is very appropriate Litwak, Vice President of the Center. that today we are discussing an important and con- I’m not an expert on Angleton, so I’ll keep this troversial historical fi gure at this conference “Moles, short and turn it over to Bruce Hoff man and then Defectors, and Deceptions: James Angleton and His the experts that we have brought together here. Let Infl uence on U.S. Counterintelligence.” me just say a couple of words of thanks to those who We greatly appreciate the huge response we received have really made this conference happen. First and for this conference. Bruce Hoff man, my co-host, will foremost, Professor Bruce Hoff man from Georgetown talk briefl y about the Georgetown partnership here at University’s Center for Security Studies, who has been the Center. Th e History and Public Policy Program, really the spiritus rector behind this event. I’d like to has for the last twenty-some years run a project, the thank in particular the George T. Kalaris Intelligence Cold War International History Project, that many of Studies Fund at Georgetown that really helped to make you are familiar with. It is in many ways the leading this conference possible, and we greatly appreciate the international research project on new documentation cooperation that is part of a longstanding relationship 1 WELCOME AND INTRODUCTORY REMARKS between the Center and Georgetown on a number of and Tim McDonnell and their team, provided the ab- important public policy issues. I would like to thank solutely essential support, not least in giving us this all of the speakers that have come from near and far, splendid venue, which I think makes for exactly the especially Professor Christopher Andrew—who came right level of interaction between the speakers and the from Cambridge and will give the keynote in a short audience. Let me also thank all the participants and all while. Chris, it’s great to have you here at the meet- the speakers who, as Christian said, in the case of Chris ing. I’d like to thank my colleagues here at the Center Andrew who has come from Cambridge, England, who really have done the bulk of the heavy lifting to Loch Johnson who is up from Georgia, Tennent and organizational work. Tim McDonnell has really Bagley, who’s phoning in from Belgium, and various been the lead on the organization of this workshop. others who have also come to join us. And thank you Also my colleague Allison Lyalikov who’s handling to all of you. It shows that our hypothesis that even some of the technology here, as well as our very tal- forty or fi fty years after many of the events that will be ented and dedicated interns, Hannah Monroe-Morse discussed today, James Angleton and the controversy and Amelia Cormier. Also I’d like to thank David surrounding his reign as the counterintelligence chief Maxwell, the deputy director at the Georgetown at the CIA still attracts enormous amounts of interest Center, and Dmitriy Zakharov for their partnership and attention. I would be remiss, also, not to thank the and collaboration. associate director of the Center for Security Studies, I’ll be chairing the fi rst panel on “Angleton from my deputy, David Maxwell, for his herculean work, the Inside,” looking at Angleton through the eyes and and especially Dmitriy Zakharov, who coordinates our testimony of his contemporaries. Th en we’ll have the outreach events at the Center, who was really instru- keynote later on this morning, and after lunch we’ll mental in making this possible. be looking at Angleton from a broader scholarly view- Now, many people, not least the speakers, have point. With that, thank you all for joining us, and asked me why a conference on James Angleton, and Bruce, you have the fl oor and thanks again. why now? Essentially it boils down to four people. Th e previous associate director of the Center—what BRUCE HOFFMAN: was then the Center for Peace and Security Studies, Th ank you, Christian. Let me also thank the Wilson it is now called the Center of Security Studies—this Center for co-hosting and co-sponsoring this event. was an idea that germinated in the mind of Ellen When I fi rst proposed it to Rob Litwak, who is the McHugh, who is now with the Center
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