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O'zbekiston Respublikasi Oliy Va O'rta Maxsus Ta'lim

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O'zbekiston Respublikasi Oliy Va O'rta Maxsus Ta'lim O’ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASI OLIY VA O’RTA MAXSUS TA’LIM VAZIRLIGI O’ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASI QISHLOQ VA SUV XOJALIGI VAZIRLIGI TOSHKENT DAVLAT AGRAR UNIVERSITETI NUKUS FILIALI GUMANITAR FANLAR KAFEDRASI O’ZZBEKISTON TARIXI NUKUS 2016 yil O’ZBEKISTON TARIXI” fanidan bakalavriat yo’nalishi I-kurs talabalari uchun (tarix mutaxassisligidan tashqari) MA’RUZALAR MATNI 2 MUNDARIJA: 1- mavzu: “O’zbekiston tarixi” fani predmeti, nazariy metodologik asoslari va uni o’rganishning ahamiyati….……………..…………………….……………………...7-16 2 - mavzu: Markaziy Оsiyo insоniyat sivilizasiyasining qadimgi o’chоqlaridan biri …..……………………………………………………………………………...17-24 3-mavzu: O’zbek davlatchiligining shakllanishi va dastlabki taraqqiyot bosqichlari…………………………………………………………………………..25-36 4-mavzu: O’zbek xalqining etnik shakllanishi, ilk o’rta asrlar davlatchiligi…………………………………………………………………………36-45 5-mavzu: IX-XII asrlarda o’zbek davlatchiligi, O’rta Osiyo xalqlari hayotida yuz bergan uyg’onish (renessans) davri…………………………………………………45-55 6-mavzu: Mo’g’ullar istilosi va ularning zulmiga qarshi kurash. Jaloliddin Manguberdi jasorati...……………………………...……………………………………….…….55-61 7-mavzu: Amir Temur va Temuriylar davrida o’zbek davlatchiligining yuksalishi. ijtimoiy-siyosiy, iqtisodiy va madaniy hayot……………………………………….61-68 8-mavzu: Turkistonning xonliklarga bo’linib ketishi, uning sabablari va oqibatlari………………………………………………………………….……...….68-80 9-mavzu: Chor Rossiyasining turkistonni bosib olishi. chorizm istibdodiga qarshi turkiston xalqlarining milliy-ozodlik kurashi. Jadidchilik……………………….....80-94 10-mavzu: Turkistonda mustabid sovet hokimiyatining o’rnatilishi va unga qarshi qurolli harakat…………………………………………...………………………...95-109 11-mavzu: Sovet hokimiyatining O’zbekistonda amalga oshirgan siyosiy, iqtisodiy, ma’naviy-madaniy tadbirlari va ularning mustamlakachilik mohiyati ………….109-121 12-mavzu: Sovet hokimiyati davrida O’zbekistonning ma’naviy-madaniy qaramligi va uning oqibatlari………………………………………………………...………...121-130 13-mavzu: Mustabid sovet tuzumining O’zbekistondagi qatag’onlik siyosati va uning oqibatlhari…………………………………………………….………………….130-137 14-mavzu: Ikkinchi jahon urushi yillarida o’zbek xalqining fashizm ustidan qozonilgan g’alabaga qo’shgan hissasi……………………………………..……137-146 15-mavzu: Sovetlar imperiyasining tanazzulga yuz tutishi va O’zbekistonda davlat mustaqilligining qo’lga kiritilishi huquqiy demokratik davlat va fuqarolik jamiyat asoslarining barpo etilishi……………………………………………………......147-163 16-mavzu: Mustaqillik yillarida O’zbekistonning iqtisodiy, ma’naviy va madaniy taraqqiyoti hamda jahon hamjamiyatiga qo’shilishi……………………….…….163-180 Tarix faniga oid internetdagi saytlar……………………………….………..…….181 3 KIRISH Mamlakatimizda erkin demokratik jamiyatga o’tish jarayonida xalq xo’jaligining barcha sohalari bilan bir qatorda xalq ta'limi sohasida ham izchil islohotlar amalga oshirilmoqda. Mustaqil O’zbekisitonning kelajagini zarur mutaxassislar bilan ta'minlash maqsadida 1997-yil 29-avgustda Respublika Oliy Majlisining IX sessiyasida "Ta'lim to’g’risidagi qonun” va “Kadrlar tayyorlash milliy dasturi"ning qabul qilinishi va uning hayotga joriy etilishi nihoyatda buyuk ahamiyatga ega bo’lgan voqea bo’ldi. Hozirgi mustaqillik davrida o’qituvchi-murabbiylar oldiga qo’yilgan bosh va asosiy vazifa o’z fani va ayniqsa "O’zbekiston tarixi" o’quv fani vositasi orqali talaba yoshlarimizni o’tmishda yashabo’tgan ulug’ va buyuk ajdodlarimizga munosib vorislar qilib tarbiyalash va ularni to’la ma'noda komil insonlar qilib yetishtirishdir. Bu ulug’vor niyatlarning bosh maqsadi yoshlarimiz ongi va shuurida milliy istiqlol tafakkuri va ma'naviy qadriyatlarni sayqal toptirishdan iborat. O’zbekiston tarixini o’qitishda Prezidentimiz I.A.Karimov 1998 yil 26 iyunida tarixchi olimlar va ziyolilar bilan uchrashib, mustaqillik tufayli tarix fani oldida turgan dolzarb masalalarni davlat va millat manfaatlari nuqtai nazaridan ko’rib chiqishdek ulkan vazifa qo’ygan edilar1. Shu munosabat bilan 1998 yil 27 iyulda Vazirlar Mahkamasining «O’zbekiston Respublikasi Fanlar Akademiyasi Tarix institutining faoliyatini takomillashtirish to’g’risida»gi qarori e’lon qilindi2. Ushbu qarorda O’zbekiston tarixini o’rganishda mustaqillik talablari asosida o’tmish tariximizni xolisona yoritish, ularni ilmiy xulosalar bilan boyitish va haqqoniy tariximizni xalqimizga, eng avvalo yosh avlodga yetkazishdek ulkan, sharafli vazifa tarixchi olimlar zimmasiga yuklatildi. Shularni hisobga olgan holda, keyingi yillarda oliy o’quv yurtlarida O’zbekiston tarixi fanini o’qitishda katta o’zgarishlar bo’lmoqda. "O’zbekiston tarixi" va "Jahon tarixi" alohida fan sifatida o’qitilib, dars soatlari deyarli tenglashtirildi va yonma-yon, muqobil tarzda o’rganilmoqda. O’quv rejalari bo’yicha hozirgi davrda "O’zbekiston tarixi" fani uchun oliy o’quv yurtlari yo’nalishlari (tarix yo'nalishlaridan tashqari) uchun 32 soat ajratilgan. Ushbu ma’ruzalatr matni Navoiy davlat pedagogika institutining notarix fakultetlari uchun mo’ljallangan bo’lib, "O’zbekiston tarixi"ning o’zbek davlatchiligining shakllanishidan boshlab, mustaqillikning 2008-yiligacha bo’lgan yiIlarini o’z ichiga oladi. Albatta har bir fan ma'lum bir maqsad yuzasidan o’rganiladi. Zero, yurtboshimiz Islom Karimov ta'kidlaganidek, "O’z tarixini bilmagan xalqning kelajagi ham bo’lmaydi" yoki “Biz turli mamlakatlar iqtisodiyotining o’ziga xos taraqqiyotini katta diqqat e'tibor bilan o’rganamiz, jahon amaliyoti va jahon tafakkurida to’plangan eng yaxshi tajribalarni o’zimizda qo’llashni or bilmaymiz, aksincha, bunday intilishni har jihatdan rag’batlantiramiz". O’zbekiston tarixini o’qitish va o’rganishdan maqsad shu fikrdan kelib chiqadi. Vatan tarixi fani baynalminalchilik tarbiyasining muhim vositasidir. Bu fanni o’rganish natijasida nafaqat o’z millatini balki, boshqa millat va xalqlarni hurmat qilish, 1 Karimov I.A. «Таriхiy хоtirаsiz кеlаjак yo’q». «O’zbekistоn tаriхi» jurnali. 1999 й.№ 1 3-14 betlar. 2 Аlimоvа D. O’zbekiston mustaqilligining 15 yilligida tarix fani. «O’zbekistоn tаriхi» jurnali, 2006 йил, 26-bet. 4 ularning urodatlari va tarixini qadrlashga, umuminsoniy qadriyatlarni hurmat qilish hissini tarbiyalashga yordam beradi. O’zbekiston tarixi fanini o’rganish, voqea va hodisalarni o’zaro dialektik bog’liqlikda deb tusbunishga yordam beradi hamda "o’tmishsiz kelajak bo’lmaydi"— degan tarixiy haqiqatni teran anglashga undaydi. O’zbekiston tarixi fanini o’rganish ijtimoiy-siyosiy harakatlar tarixidan nazariy- ilmiy xulosalar chiqarish imkoniyatini beradi va OI’zbekiston fuqarolariga umuminsoniy jarayonlardan kelib chiqib o’z amaliy ish faoliyatlarini belgilab olishlariga yordam beradi hamda mamlakatimiz, qolaversa kurrai-zaminimizdagi fan va texnika yutuqlaridan xabardor bo’lish, mamlakatimiz tarixini o’rgangan holda, uning ahvoli haqida aniq tasavvur hosil qilish, ularni mustaqillik yillarida bo’lib o’tayotgan voqealar bilan solishtirish va xulosalar chiqarish imkoniyatlarini yaratadi. O’zbekiston tarixi fani materiallari talabalardan yuksak ahloqiy fazilatlar: o’zligini anglash, Vatanni sevish, mehnatsevarlik, halollik, poklik, insof, diyonat, iymon, intizomlilik, o’z qadrini bilish, go’zallikni sevish kabi xislatlarni kamol toptirish vositalaridir. "O’zbekiston tarixi" fani o’qituvchilaridan mazkur o’quv dasturi matbuotda chop etilgandan so’ngi davrda mamlakat ichki va xalqaro hayotida sodir bo’lgan yangilik, kundalik o’zgarish, voqea va hodisalarni ommaviy axborot vositalari orqali ijodiy o’rganib borilishi va o’quv darslari mazmunini zamon bilan bog’lab olib bormog’i talab etiladi. 5 1. MAVZU: “O’ZBEKISTON TARIXI” FANI PREDMETI, NAZARIY METODOLOGIK ASOSLARI VA UNI O’RGANISHNING AHAMIYATI. Reja: 1. O’zbekiston tarixining fan sifatidagi o’rni va uning predmeti. 2. O’zbekiston tarixini o’rganishning nazariy, ilmiy va metodologik asoslari. 3. O’zbekiston tarixining davrlashtirilishi, manbalari va o’rganilishining ahamiyati. Tayanch so’z va iboralar: Fanning predmeti, dolzarb muammolari, xolslik, ilmiylik, tarixiylik, metodologiya, umuminsoniylik va umumbashariyat, mantiqiylik, dialektik uslub, tarixning davrlashtirilishi, moddiy va yozma manbalar. I. Bizga ma’lumki, har bir tarixiy taraqiyotning ma’lum bosqichlarida, turli ijtimoiy-siyosiy tub burilish yuz beradi. Bu o’zgarishlar xalqni, tinimsiz kurashlari, erk- ozodlik uchun harakatlari misolida ko’zga tashlanadi. Shu nuqtai-nazardan qaraydigan bo’lsak, XXI asr bo’sag’asida O’zbekiston xalqi tarixida yangi davr boshlandi. 1991 yil 1 sentyabrda O’zbekiston o’zining davlat mustaqilligini qo’lga kiritdi. Bu yil mustaqilligimizning 17 yilligini bayram qildik. Xalqimiz demokratik, odil huquqiy jamiyat qurish yo’lida dastlabki sinovlardan o’tib, demokratik islohotlarni chuqurlashtirish yo’lidan bormoqda. Endi uni asrash va mustahkamlash, tezda jahondagi rivojlangan mamlakatlar qatoriga ko’tarish xalqimizning, ayniqsa yoshlarimizning o’z o’rniga bo’lgan mehr-muhabbatiga va milliy istiqlol uchun kurashga tayyorgarligiga bog’liq. Tarix fani turli dunyo xalqlari qanday yashaganligi, ularning hayotida qanday voqealar sodir bo’lganligi, odamlar hayoti qanday va nima uchun o’zgarib, hozirgiday bo’lib qolganligini o’rgansa, O’zbekiston tarixi esa uning ajralmas qismi bo’lib, shu tarixiy-madaniy jarayonlarga mos holda Ona zaminimizda o’tmishda yashagan xalqlarning hayoti va ularning rivojlanishi davomida sodir bo’lgan o’zgarishlar, voqea- hodisalar, ularning turmush tarzi, iqtisodi, ijtimoiy munosabatlari, davlatchiligi, madaniyati va shu kabilarni to’laligicha o’rganadigan fandir. O’zbekiston tarixi fani dunyodagi eng qadimiy va boy
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