EBA 2019 Book of Abstracts

26th International Symposium The Early Bronze Age in Central Europe October 21th–24th, 2019 Modra (Slovakia)

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

Erika Makarová (ed.)

Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts, Comenius University in Bratislava

2019

Conference organiser: Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts, Comenius University in Bratislava Place of venue: The Convention Centre in Modra-Harmónia, Slovakia Date: October 21th–24th, 2019 Organising committee: Martin Bača Jozef Bátora Erika Makarová

Editor: Erika Makarová Layout: Erika Makarová Cover design: František Hříbal, Erika Makarová Print: KO & KA spol. s. r. o., Tlačiareň K-PRINT, Kadnárova 102, SK-831 06 Bratislava Publisher: Comenius University in Bratislava

Content of the abstracts is the responsibility of their authors. The publication has not undergone language editing.

Published with the support of the project VEGA No. 1/0100/19 „Economy and society in the Bronze Age in the area of middle Danube according to archaeological and environmental data“.

ISBN 978-80-223-4806-5 (online)

Table of Contents

Alphabetical Index ...... 4

Conference Program...... 6

Abstracts of Presentations ...... 9

Abstracts of Posters ...... 39

Notes ...... 57

Alphabetical Index

Barta, Peter 40 Hlásek, Daniel 27

Bartík, Jaroslav 15 Hložek, Martin 44

Bartík, Juraj 40 Horáková, Lenka 34

Bátora, Jozef 10, 25, 37 Hromadová Bibiána 51

Bek, Tomáš 53 Hudák, Matúš 44

Beneš, Zdeněk 28 Hudáková, Mária 44

Bláhová, Olga 48 Cheben, Michal 42

Bláhová, Zuzana 35 Chvojka, Ondřej 20, 46

Bobek, Pavol 41 Jelínek, Pavol 18, 34, 47, 49

Brunčák, Peter 49 Ježek, Josef 48

Daněček, Daniel 53 John, Jan 36

Daňová, Klaudia 30, 31, 42 Kaňáková, Ludmila 37

Debnár, Peter 41 Klontza-Jaklová, Věra 17

Drozd, Dominik 43 Kočergina, Julia 36

Ernée, Michal 19, 32 Krenn-Leeb, Alexandra 26

Fraštia, Marek 49 Krištuf, Petr 38, 46, 48

Gabulová, Monika 30 Křivánek Roman 28

Havlíková, Markéta 48 Langová, Michaela 19, 21

Hladíková, Katarína 31 Limburský, Petr 53

Marčiš, Marián 18, 49 Průchová, Erika 38

Melis, Eszter 12 Reiter, Violetta 33

Menšík, Petr 46 Rožnovský, David 13

Mitáš, Vladimír 41 Rychtaříková, Tereza 15

Murín, Igor 50 Sabol, Martin 54

Navrátil, Aleš 29 Schimerová, Eva 35

Neumann, Martin 25 Šabatová, Klára 14

Nezvalová, Lucia 30 Šedivá, Mária 54

Nosek, Vojtěch 37 Škrdla, Petr 15

Novák, Miroslav 35 Švejcar, Ondřej 38

Olšav, Štefan 23 Valent, Dušan 47

Oravkinová, Dominika 44, 51 Valigová, Mária 18, 56

Pálinkás Tibor 25 Vejmola, Vladimír 53

Parma, David 14, 22 Vélová, Lucie 31

Pavúk, Peter 24, 53 Verčík, Marek 53

Petriščáková, Katarína 53 Weßling, Ronny 26

Powell, Wayne 36 Zavřel, Petr 20

Conference Program

Monday, 21.10.2019

11:00–13:45 Arrival and registration 12:00–13:30 Lunch 14:00–14:10 Opening the conference

14:10–14:30 J. Bátora: Prenikanie jamovej kultúry do severokarpatskej oblasti: predbežné poznatky 14:35–14:55 E. Melis: Recent data on the Gáta-Wieselburg culture from the territory of Hungary 15:00–15:20 D. Rožnovský: Nové poznatky o osídlení věteřovské skupiny na Znojemsku 15:25–15:45 K. Šabatová, D. Parma: Několik nových radiokarbonových dat ze závěru starší a počátku střední doby bronzové

15:50–16:10 Coffee break

16:10–16:30 J. Bartík, T. Rychtaříková, P. Škrdla: Těžební a dílenský areál na Stránské skále u Brna v době bronzové 16:35–16:55 V. Klontza-Jaklová: Can we read the Bronze Age Symbols? Moon- shaped pendants in context 17:00–17:20 P. Jelínek, M. Marčiš, M. Valigová: Depot Prašník III a jeho význam pre výskum náboženstva v staršej dobe bronzovej 17:25–17:45 M. Langová, M. Ernée: Po čem (nejen) únětické ženy touží? Znovu nalezená krása náhrdelníků z Mikulovic

Tuesday, 22.10.2019

9:00–9:20 O. Chvojka, P. Zavřel: Rovinná sídliště starší doby bronzové na Českobudějovicku 9:25–9:45 M. Langová: Sídliště únětické kultury v Mikulovicích a jeho význam v rámci osídlení regionu

9:50–10:10 D. Parma: Není jáma jako jáma 10:15–10:35 Š. Olšav: Kamenná industria zo sídliska II v Nižnej Myšli zo začiat- ku strednej doby bronzovej

10:40–11:00 Coffee break

11:00–11:20 P. Pavúk: Kaymakci. Nové nálezisko z neskorej doby bronzovej v západnom Turecku 11:25–11:45 J. Bátora, M. Neumann, T. Pálinkás: Šahy, poloha Na vŕšku – pred- bežná správa o výskume opevneného sídliska hatvanskej kultúry 11:50–12:10 A. Krenn-Leeb, R. Weßling: Archäologische Untersuchungen in der frühbronzezeitlichen Befestigungsanlage von Ratzersdorf bei Wölbling, Niederösterreich

12:15–14:00 Lunch

14:00–14:20 D. Hlásek et al.: Monumentalita doby bronzové. Fortifikace hra- dišť starší doby bronzové z jižních Čech 14:25–14:45 Z. Beneš, R. Křivánek: Nové hradiště ze starší doby bronzové v Plaňanech ve středních Čechách na základě záchranného archeo- logického výzkumu a geofyzikálního měření 14:50–15:10 A. Navrátil: Early Bronze Age on Pálava hills

15:15–16:15 Coffee break & Poster presentation

16:15–16:35 M. Gabulová, K. Daňová, L. Nezvalová: Pohrebisko zo staršej doby bronzovej z Dolných Krškán pri Nitre (predbežné výsledky) 16:40–17:00 L. Vélová, K. Hladíková, K. Daňová: I na dětech záleží: Najmenšie deti v únětickej kultúre 17:05–17:25 M. Ernée: Where are the princesses? An alternative social system to the „princely graves“ formed EBA society of Central Germa- ny? 17:30–17:50 V. Reiter: Bestattungen der Böheimkirchner Gruppe

19:00 Social evening

Wednesday, 23.10.2019

9:00–18:00 Excursion: • Modra–Zámčisko – hillfort (prehistory – Early Iron Age?; Early and High Middle Ages) • Budmerice – Early Bronze Age fortified settlement • Svätý Jur–Neštich – hillfort (Hallstatt period, Early and High Middle Ages) • Small Carpathian Museum in Pezinok – regional museum with a strong emphasis on the history of wine in the Small Carpathian wine region

Thursday, 24.10.2019

9:00–9:20 P. Jelínek, L. Horáková: Neskoroeneolitický depot z Nitry 9:25–9:45 E. Schimerová, Z. Bláhová, M. Novák: Nové depoty kovových předmětů ze starší doby bronzové na Královéhradecku 9:50–10:10 J. John, W. Powell, J. Kočergina: Depot žeber z Kučeře a jeho vý- znam pro poznání metalurgie doby bronzové

10:15–10:35 Coffee break

10:35–10:55 L. Kaňáková, J. Bátora, V. Nosek: Traseologický a balistický výzkum projektilů nitranské kultury – výsledky 11:00–11:20 P. Krištuf, O. Švejcar, E. Průchová: Kolektivní hrobka únětické kultury z Chleb (okr. Nymburk)

11:30–12:00 Final discussion and closing of the conference

ABSTRACTS OF PRESENTATIONS

Monday, 21.10.2019, 14:10–14:30

Penetration of the Yamnaya culture into North-Carpathian region: preliminary knowledge

Jozef Bátora*

* Department of Archaeology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia

This paper summarizes the results of earlier, as well as later research, regar- ding the penetration of Yamnaya culture into the Middle Danube-Carpathian region. It focuses on the pottery finds decorated with corded ornament, oc- curring on the settlements of late Baden culture in eastern Slovakia, on the south of central Slovakia and in northern Hungary. Specifically in regards to important observations around the situation found in the multilayered settlement in Košice-Barca, where in layer IV/1 were found, along the Baden culture pottery and pottery decorated with corded ornament, artifacts close to Coţofeni culture. Of particular interest is a vessel, with close analogies in the pottery of Budzhak group, which is typical for Late Yamnaya (Pit-Grave) culture in North-West Pontic Region. Corded Ware pottery of type Barca could be related to the bearers of one of the so called „steppe waves“ of Yamnaya culture. In this context, the new stratified finds from mound graves of Corded Ware culture from the area of southeast Poland, where some components of Yamnaya-Catacomb culture are evidently present, are especially important. In settlements of late Baden culture we encounter the artifacts of Vučedol style, i. e. Kosihy-Čaka-Makó and Nyírség-Zatín culture. Beside previously realized excavations of mounds from northwestern Hungary (Rajka-Modrovich puszta, Gönyü) and in Austrian Burgenland (Neusiedler am See), the excavation in Šurany on southwest Slovakia suggests, that the penetration of nomadic tribes was heading not only to the region of upper Tisza valley (including the lowland areas of eastern Slovakia) but also to the northwestern Transdanubia and northern spurs of Danubian Lowland. It is in- teresting, that for some fragments of pottery from mound in Šurany we find analogies in pottery of late Eneolithic mounds of Livezile group in western Transylvania. This allow us to assume, that this could be a proof of increased mobility, on the basis of strontium and oxygen analysis detected among the population of Livezile group and individuals of Yamnaya-Catacomb culture bu-

ried in mound in Sárrétudvar in Great Hungarian Lowland. Besides the potential grasslands, they were attracted to the area of southwest Slovakia (therefore north of Danube) mostly by the sources of non-ferrous metals like copper, gold and silver, located in nearby central Slovakian volcanic mountains

Monday, 21.10.2019, 14:35–14:55

Recent data on the Gáta-Wieselburg culture from the territory of Hungary

Eszter Melis*

* Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Archaeology, Hungary

In the last two decades significant amount of new data has contributed to archaeological research of Early and Middle Bronze Age in western Hungary. A number of newly discovered settlements and cemeteries assigned to the Gáta- Wieselburg culture supplemented its eastern distribution area. Several radiocarbon data with the support of Momentum Mobility Research Group (principal investigator: Viktória Kiss) made it possible to reconstruct the abso- lute chronological situation of the sites on the border of Hungarian and Cen- tral European chronological systems. The ongoing detailed investigation of three regions (Nagycenk, Hegyeshalom, Ménfőcsanak) helps to analyse the burial customs and settlement strategies at the western gateway of the Car- pathian Basin. The collection of substantial archaeological data could shed more light on the connection between the Únětice complex and the cultural groups of the Carpathian Basin (Kisapostag culture, Transdanubian Encrusted Pottery).

Monday, 21.10.2019, 15:00–15:20

Settlement of the Věteřov Group in the Znojmo Region – new Knowledges

David Rožnovský*

* South Moravian Museum in Znojmo, Czech Republic

The Věteřov Group closes one of the most important epochs of our prehistory, the Early Bronze Age. Early researchers tended to evaluate the Věteřov Group as a period of decline of the Únětice Culture or some appendix to the Maďarovce Group. Nonetheless, from the results of archaeological rescue researches in the last 20-30 years we can conclude that the Věteřov Group is a full-bodied part of the Maďarovce-Věteřov Culture. The assumption that the traditional burial rite declined has been refuted, it has been proved that the duration of the Věteřov Group was longer and the region where it spread was not that small. Researchers have managed to find and study objects which help us to gradually specify the internal chronology, and we also now know some new above-ground constructions. New finds in the Znojmo Region in South Moravia are no doubt also contributing to our better knowledge of Věteřov Group. On the cadastral territories of 32 communities we know the total of 41 locations which form a network of in a way mutually interconnected places, on average 5 km from each other, in the north of the region around 3 kilomet- res from each other. Among the locations best-known and published several times there is the barrow field of Borotice and the settlement of Hodonice. Very important, too, are settlements in Dyje and Olbramovice and also another well-known burial ground, or better its part in Branišovice. The afo- rementioned settlements have brought us a lot of answers to the questions of the internal layout of settlements, of the architecture of above-ground constructions of the Věteřov Group. On the other hand, the burial grounds researched have refuted the assumptions on the decline of the burial rite and have brought a new view of the spiritual sphere of the life of the people in the Znoj- mo Region at that time.

Monday, 21.10.2019, 15:25–15:45

Some new radiocarbon dates from the end of Early and Begin the Middle Bronze Age

Klára Šabatová1 – David Parma2

1 Department of Archaeology and Museology, Masaryk University in Brno, Czech Republic 2 Institute for Archaeological Heritage Brno, Czech Republic

New radiocarbon dates from graves dated on the End of Early Bronze Age and begin of Middle Bronze Age stay in the attention of this paper. The samples were taken from human remains of well-dated graves in Branišovice, Hradisko u Kroměříže and Smolín (Stuchlík 2006, 2009). The choice was significantly limited by the availability of the skeletal material of the key graves. We will compare new radiocarbon data with similar previously known data from Mora- via and other surrounding regions. The grave assemblages are purposefully composed as in their initial form and also in archaeological evidence. They do not reflect the everyday life, which rather mirror settlements. The grave assemblages may therefore differ in the archaeological picture from the settlement component. With this difference in mind, we will try to include these units in current research data on the End of Early Bronze Age and begin of Middle Bronze Age.

References: Stuchlík, S. 2006: Borotice: mohylové pohřebiště z doby bronzové. Brno, Archeolo- gický ústav Akademie věd České republiky. Stuchlík, S. 2009: Pohřebište ze starši doby bronzové z Branišovic, Pravěk. Nová řada 169-181.

Monday, 21.10.2019, 16:10–16:30

Mining and workshop area at Stránská skála near Brno in the Bronze Age

Jaroslav Bartík*, Tereza Rychtaříková*, Petr Škrdla*

* Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences in Brno, Czech Republic

Stránská skála near Brno is one of the most important geological, paleontolo- gical, and archaeological localities in southern Moravia (Přichystal 2009). Out- crops of local Jurassic cherts have attracted people for a long time. Extraction and utilization of the local raw material has been documented since Paleolithic times (Valoch et al. 2000; Svoboda 2003; 1987; 1991; Škrdla 2017). An important late Neolithic workshop-settlement site is represented by Lengyel Culture (Svoboda 2001; Bartík et al. 2018b), and subsequent early Eneolithic is represented by Funnel Beaker Culture (Svoboda 1986; Svoboda – Šmíd 1996; Bartík et al. 2018b). The exploitation of raw material reached its maximum intensity and extent during the latter mentioned period. The recent excavation at Strán- ská skála III site documented an extraction pit within the limestone scree, including chert nodules. Local chert use was also documented in the late Ene- olithic as represented by a Bell Beaker Culture feature excavated at Stránská skála IV site (Bartík et al. 2018a). Bronze Age (probably early) exploitation of local chert has been documented recently (Rychtaříková – Škrdla – Bartík 2019). The excavated feature yielded a collection of lithic artifacts made from local cherts. The aim of this presentation is to introduce new research results concerning the Bronze age occupation of Stránská skála with a special attempt to utilize local cherts. Questions concerning dating, raw material, and techno- typological analysis in the regional context are discussed. Analyses of the changing distribution networks of the Stránská skála chert are presented.

References: Bartík, J. – Kopacz, J. – Nývltová Fišáková, M. – Přichystal, A. – Šebela, L. – Škrdla, P. 2018a: Question of chert exploiting on the Stránská skála Hill (Brno-Slatina, Czech Republic) by the Bell Beaker People. Journal of Neolithic Archaeology 20, 185–202. Bartík, J. – Škrdla, P. – Šebela, L. – Přichystal, A. 2018b: Brno (k. ú. Slatina, okr. Brno- město). Přehled výzkumů 59-1,145–146.

Přichystal A. 2009: Kamenné suroviny v pravěku východní části střední Evropy, Brno. Rychtaříková, T. – Škrdla, P. – Bartík, J. 2019: Brno (k. ú. Slatina, okr. Brno-město). Přehled výzkumů 60-1, 206–207. Svoboda, J. A. 1986: Primary raw material working in Neolithic/Eneolithic Moravia. In: Biró, K. (ed.): International conference on prehistoric flint mining and lithic raw material identification in the Carpathian Basin, Budapest-Sümeg, 20-22 May 1986, Budapest: Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum, 277–286. Svoboda, J. A. 1987: Stránská skála. Bohunický typ v brněnské kotlině. Studie archeo- logického ústavu ČSAV v Brně 14 (1). Praha: Academia. Svoboda, J. A. 1991: Stránská skála. Výsledky výzkumu v letech 1985–1987. Památky archeologické 82, 5–47. Svoboda, J. A. 2001: Mladý paleolit, neolit a eneolit na Stránské skále. In: K. Valoch – R. Musil (eds.): Stránská skála. Výjimečná lokalita. Brno: Moravské zemské muzeum, 21–23. Svoboda, J. A. 2003: Chronostratigraphic backround, environment, and formation of the archeological layers in Stránská skála. In: J. A. Svoboda – O. Bar-Yoserf (eds.): Origins of the Upper Paleolithic in the Brno Basin, Moravia, Czech Republik. Ame- rican School of Prehistoric Research Bulletin 47. Cambridge: Peabody Museum of Archaeology & Ethnology, Harvard University, 15–26. Svoboda, J. A. – Šmíd, M. 1996: Dílenský objekt kultury nálevkovitých pohárů na Stránské skále. Pravěk – Nová řada 4 (2004), 79–125. Škrdla, P. 2017: Moravia at the onset of the Upper Paleolithic. The Dolní Věstonice Studies 23. Brno: Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Archaeology. Brno. Valoch, K. – Nerudová, Z. – Neruda, P. 2000: Stránská skála III – Ateliers des Bohu- nicien. Památky archeologické 91 (1), 5–113.

Monday, 21.10.2019, 16:35–16:55

Can we read the Bronze Age Symbols? Moon-shaped pendants in context

Věra Klontza-Jaklová*

* Department of Archaeology and Museology, Masaryk University in Brno, Czech Republic

My paper follows a number of previous (e. g. Klontza-Jaklova 2011, 2012, 2017), in whose I discuss phenomenon of the similarity of Bronze Age symbolic systems; particularly the likelihood that the central European Bronze Age elites shared the same cosmological system with their Aegean, and even Eas- tern Mediterranean, counterparts, and the plausibility of their connection within power models and power structures. In this paper I examine the possibility to reconstruct the exact meaning of the Bronze Age Symbols. As a case study serves the so/called moon-shaped pen- dant (BA1 – BB1/2, MH II – LH IIIA). Its meaning is deduced from its archaeological context, geographical and chronological span and finally, it is compared with the contemporary alphabetical systems with result that it represents a symbol of the highest secular power, symbol of the chief, the king, the leader.

Monday, 21.10.2019, 17:00–17:20

Depot Prašník III and its importance for research of religion in the Early Bronze Age

Pavol Jelínek1, Marián Marčiš2, Mária Valigová3

1 SNM – Archaeological Museum, Bratislava, Slovakia 2 Department of Surveying, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Slovakia 3 Department of Classical Archaeology, University of Trnava, Slovakia

From the well-known locality Prašník Tlstá hora was obtained hoard of bronze artefacts. It can be dated to the Únětice culture of the Early Bronze Age. The hoard consists of three necklaces and fragments of three metal headbands. The composition is therefore a hoard of feminine ornaments that occur in the Únětice culture. We can only guess whether it is a votive gift to the deity or so-called. equipment depot. In any case, it is a proof of ritual practice. The importance for the research of the religion of the Early Bronze Age lies in the decoration of headbands. Anthropomorphic triadic structure can be recognized on one of the headbands. On the other two anthropomorphic, per- haps paired elements appear. Both types of decoration can be interpreted as elements of Indo-European religion preserved in material culture. Especially triadic forms are typical of pantheons of historical religious systems. The expansion of headbands with identical or similar triadic decorations in the territory of western Moravia and southwest Slovakia allows us to consider the extent of the cult of this deity.

Monday, 21.10.2019, 17:25–17:45

Wonach (nicht nur) Aunjetitzer Frauen sehnen? Wiedergefundene Schönheit der Halsketten aus Mikulovice

Michaela Langová1, 2, Michal Ernée2

1 Museum of East Bohemia in Pardubice, Czech republic 2 Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, v.v.i., Czech Republic

In Mikulovice wurden in vier Gräbergruppen fast 100 Gräber dokumentiert, die für ostböhmisches Gebiet ungewöhnlich reich ausgestattet wurden, was besonders an den Bernsteinfunden markant ist. Der Bernstein wurde in eine Viertel von den allen Gräbern im Halsbereich dokumentiert, in einigen Fällen haben sich in ihre unmittelbare Nähe noch die Artefakte von anderen Materia- len befunden, wie z. B. Bronzespiralle, Bronzeperlen, Dentaliumröhrchen oder Muscheln. Alle Funde können höchstwahrscheinlich als Bestandteile der ehe- maligen Halsketten interpretiert werden und zwar als A) Bernsteinhalsketten und B) kombinierte Halsketten aus Bernstein und anderen Materialen. Nach der anthropologischen Analyse handelte es sich bei allen bestimmbaren Skele- ten, bei denen die Halsketten gefunden wurden, um die Frauen. In einigen Gräbern wurden Teile der Halsketten in situ erhalten und dokumentiert. Anhand der Dokumentation ist es klar, dass es sich nicht nur um die ein- fache Bindungen handelte (alle Halskettenkomponente an einen Fäden hinterei- nander eingefädelt), sondern dass wir auch mit ziemlich komplizierten Ges- talten rechnen müssen. Alle Halsketten, bei denen es irgendwelche Hinweise an ihre ehemalige Anordnung gibt, wurden in mehreren möglichen Varianten zeichnerisch rekonstruiert und zugleich wurden von einigen Halsketten die Repliken angefertigt.

Tuesday, 22.10.2019, 09:00–09:20

Frühbronzezeitliche Flachlandsiedlungen im Gebiet von České Budějovice

Ondřej Chvojka*, Petr Zavřel*

* Department of Archaeology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Czech Republic

Die Hauptquellen für die Erkenntnis der Frühbronzezeit in Südböhmen waren lange Zeit Höhenfundstellen, Hügelgräberfelder und Metallhorte, erst in den letzten Jahrzenten wachst die Zahl der bekannten und fachlich erforschten Flachlandsiedlungen. Viele von den wurden in den letzten 25 Jahren im Gebiet von České Budějovice untersucht, d.h. in einem der Kerngebiete Südböhmens mit einer hohen Besiedlungskonzentration. Haben diese Siedlungen etwas ge- meinsam oder sind sie unterschiedlich? Haben sie einige topographische Besonderheiten? Waren die Siedlungen mit einer spezialisierten Produktion gebunden oder zum Fernhandel angeknüpft? Ist es möglich ihre Beziehungen zu damaligen Burgwällen, Gräberfeldern oder zu anderen Arealen der menschli- chen Aktivitäten zu untersuchen? War das Gebiet von České Budějovice im Sinne der Siedlungsstrategien von anderen Gebieten unterschiedlich? Antworte auf diesen und auch auf weiteren Fragen werden im Vortrag gesucht, wobei die neuesten und meistens bisher unpublizierten Erkenntnisse zusammengefaßt sein werden.

Tuesday, 22.10.2019, 09:25–09:45

Die Siedlung der Aunjetitzer Kultur in Mikulovice (Ostböhmen) und seine Bedeutung in der Siedlungsstruktur der Region

Michaela Langová*

* Museum of East Bohemia in Pardubice; Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, v.v.i., Czech Republic

Bei der Rettungsgrabung in Mikulovice wurden mehr als 100 frühbronzezeitli- che Gräber ausgegraben, die für dieses Region außerordentlich reich ausgestattet wurden (Bernstein, Bronzegegenstände, Gold, etc.). Neben den Gräbern wurden aber auch zahlreiche Befunde der ausgedehnten Siedlung dokumentiert. Die Größe der Siedlung als auch die Menge von den Befunden andeuten, dass die Fundstelle in Mikulovice nicht nur wegen der Gräberausstattung außergewöhnlich ist. Die Fundstelle bietet uns gute Gelegenheit die beiden Areale untereinander zu vergleichen und ein komplexes Bild über das ganze Siedlungsareal zu rekonstruieren. Zahlreiche Keramikfunde stellen über dies perfekte Möglichkeit für die Vergleichung der Bestattungskeramik mit der Ke- ramik von der gleichzeitigen Siedlung vor. Bei der Auskartierung aller frühbronzezeitlichen Funde von der ganzen Region ist es klar, dass es sich um eine begrenzte Siedlungskammer handelte, die von den benachbarten besiedelten Regionen mit einem (fast) fundleeren Raum begrenzt wurde. Im Rahmen dieser Siedlungskammer ist die Fundkonzentra- tion gerade in Mikulovice und ihrer Umgebung auffallend. Die Spuren nach der (kontinuierlichen?) frühbronzezeitlichen Besiedlung befinden sich hier an der Fläche von circa 60 ha. Die Größe der Siedlung, seine strategische Position in der Gelände als auch ungewöhnlich reiche Ausstattung der Gräber zeigen auf eines Zentrum der ganzen Region, die ohne Zweifel die überregionale Rolle spielen musste.

Tuesday, 22.10.2019, 09:50–10:10

It is not a pit like a pit

David Parma*

* Institute for Archaeological Heritage, Brno, Czech Republic

Burials of human remains at settlements outside the cemeteries established for this very purpose is a phenomenon that is evident throughout the entire prehistory until the Early Middle Ages. In the case of settlements, distinction must be made between burials in grave pits, i.e. special-purpose features, and burials in settlement features whose formal purposes were different (the so-called pit burials). In the case of the Early Bronze Age in South Moravia, however, there is another category of features - functionally underground silos, which were converted into a regular grave pit after the original function ceased and the pit was partially filled. The paper is devoted to this type of situations, especially to the method of their excavation and documentation, which are crucial for the interpretation. It can be assumed that these situations occur relatively frequently, but they are not always recognized and interpreted correctly.

Tuesday, 22.10.2019, 10:15–10:35

Stone industry from Early Bronze Age setllement no. II from Nižná Myšľa

Štefan Olšav*

* Department of Archaeology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia

The issue of stone industry during the Bronze Age was overlooked by professionals for a long time. However, recently more and more professionals started to record this issue. Processing of stone industry from Nižná Myšľa therefore contributes to information about using stone industry in the Bronze Age, mainly during the start of Middle Bronze Age (R BB1). Thanks to the partially of fully processed findings of stone industry from fortified settlements from the Early and Middle Bronze age around surrounding parts of Europe, mainly from the Otomani-Füzesabony complex, it was possible to compare those findings with findings from Nižná Myšľa. After the assessment and com- parison of those findings, it was possible to evaluate the importance of stone industry at the end of Early Bronze Age and at the start of Middle Bronze Age and also answer further questions about long distance contacts, distribution of raw stone material, economic-manufacturing model of fortified settlements, etc.

Tuesday, 22.10.2019, 11:00–11:20

Kaymakçi: A new LBA site in Western Anatolia

Peter Pavúk*

* Institute of Classical Archaeology, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic

The fortified hilltop site of Kaymakci, located in the middle Gediz River valley in central Western Turkey, was discovered during a regional survey in 2001, and has been systematically excavated since 2014. Accompanied by several other smaller forts around the Marmara Lake, the site offers not only a long awaited new stratigraphic sequence complementing the material knowledge from Troy and Beycesultan, but being located in a region thought to be the core of the Šeha River Land known from Hittite texts, it may contribute to better understanding of the scarce written info. The paper will roughly explain the main aims and expectations of the project led by the Boston University and the Koç University in Istanbul, it will describe the fully digital way of recording, as well as the first results after the first 5 years of excavation.

Tuesday, 22.10.2019, 11:25–11:45

Šahy – Na vŕšku: preliminary report on the excavation of the fortified settlement of Hatvan culture

Jozef Bátora1, Martin Neumann1, Tibor Pálinkás2

1 Department of Archaeology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia 2 Honty Museum, Šahy, Slovakia

Thanks to the prospecting activities of J. Bánesz and G. Nevizánsky is the site of Šahy – Na vŕšku (Southern Slovakia) known in literature already from the 1980s. The Early Bronze Age settlement was identified also in the neighbouring site called Strážny vrch. Both sites lie on the hill above the inundation area of Ipeľ and Krupinica river. The first rescue excavation on these sites was in- duced in 2005 due to the road and infrastructure construction for the planned textile factory. At that time the first features of the Hatvan culture were disturbed and excavated. It lasted almost next 10 years until new archaeological excavation began. During 5 years of excavation campaign a part of bigger feature (10x15 m), disturbed in 2005, was uncovered. Thanks to the geomagnetic survey a group of settlement pits surrounded by 2 ditches was identified at the uppermost part of the hill (Strážny vrch). Following excavation campaigns were aimed at the research of the inner area of the fortified settlement. Almost 15 features of Hatvan as well as Baden culture were uncovered. Parts of both ditches, which respected one another, were also cut. The inner (and smaller) one was dated to the Baden culture, the outer (and broader) to the Hatvan culture. This discovery broadens the picture of settlement activities not only in the surroundings of Šahy during the Early Bronze Age, but also in the whole Poiplie region, which is especially rich on settlements of the Hatvan culture.

Tuesday, 22.10.2019, 11:50–12:10

Archäologische Untersuchungen in der frühbronzezeitlichen Befestigungsanlage von Ratzersdorf bei Wölbling, Niederösterreich

Alexandra Krenn-Leeb*, Ronny Weßling*

* Department of Prehistoric and Historical Archaeology, University of Vienna, Austria

Seit 2018 finden auf der frühbronzezeitlichen Befestigungsanlage von Rat- zersdorf bei Wölbling (Niederösterreich) archäologische Untersuchungen statt. Das ca. 4 ha große Siedlungsplateau ist von einem Ringwall zur Gänze umgeben, der mit einer Blendmauer aus Granulit versehen ist. Mehrere Wall- Graben-Konstruktionen bieten im Norden der Anlage einen zusätzlichen Schutz. Die archäologischen Untersuchungen belegen eine Zerstörung der Anlage. Zahlreiche gleichförmige runde Geröllsteine werden als Schleuderstei- ne interpretiert und belegen eine zusätzliche Bewaffnung zu Pfeil und Bogen, die durch eine Silexpfeilspitze ebenfalls nachgewiesen sind. Anhand der doku- mentierten Funde kann die Befestigungsanlage der Unterwölbling-Kultur zugeschrieben werden.

Tuesday, 28.10.2019, 14:00–14:20

Bronze Age Monumentality. The fortifications of Early Bronze Age hillforts from South Bohemia

Daniel Hlásek a kol.*

* Department of Archaeology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Czech Republic

The expansion of monumental architecture in the form of fortifications of numerous hillforts takes place in South Bohemia at the turn of the Early and Mid- dle Bronze Age. This is a phenomenon unparalleled in the landscape of this region. In addition to the probable defensive function of fortifications, their increased social significance and symbolic meaning can also be considered due to their oversized and landscape context. It was the monumentality of these buildings that could strengthen the identity of the local communities and demonstrate their power at a time when the region's settlement was intensified. A region that until then was rather a periphery. The link with bronze metallurgy is also convincingly documented. There will be presented examples from recently surveyed sites (Vrcovice, Skočice and Nuzice).

Tuesday, 22.10.2019, 14:25–14:45

A New Early Bronze Age Hillfort in Plaňany (Central Bohemia) on the Basis of Rescue Excavations and Geophysical Prospection

Zdeněk Beneš1, Roman Křivánek2

1 Institute for Archaeological Heritage of Central Bohemia, Prague, Czech Republic 2 Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, v.v.i., Czech Republic

Prior to a new expansion of a stone quarry on the elevation of „Na Čer- né“ (the territory of municipalities of Plaňany, Vrbčany and Radim, all Kolín district), rescue excavations have been conducted on the area extending to 10 ha. Besides the residues of Neolithic (Linear Pottery Culture) and Early Iron Age settlements, system of two ditches stretching from the western to the eastern margins of the excavated area has been also revealed. According to finds from the upper and lower layers of the outer and much larger ditch, we can assume dating to the end of the Early Bronze Age. A narrow gate brea- ching both ditches has been fully excavated, revealing a simple drainage system leading surface water out of the fortified area. So far unknown fortification set off a line of questions, for example the original extension of it. With the help of five-channel fluxgate gradiometer, we conducted series of measurements on the two parts of the hill slopes, on the both sides of excavated area; and other measurements are planned in future. Hitherto, the extent of the hillfort seems to be much bigger than previously was estimated, exceeding the area over 100 ha. This is quite unusual for the territory of Bohemia, not only for the Early Bronze Age. Up to now, one entrance in the double ditch fortification system was uncovered during excavations, the second entrance was detected by the magnetometer survey in the area western of the stone quarry area.

Tuesday, 22.10.2019, 14:50–15:10

Early Bronze Age on Pálava hills

Aleš Navrátil*

* Brno City Museum, Czech Republic

Pálava hills are one of the most iconic landmarks in South Moravia Region. Surrounded by fertile lowland in proximity of confluence of three moravian rivers they surely played important role in prehistoric cultural landscape – especially in the Bronze Age. While there are abundant traces of Late Bronze Age activity on Pálava hills, information on Early Bronze Age occupancy is scar- se. Some new data on the matter emerged after metal detector survey of the area. In combination with archive data we are now able to observe the development of the Pálava region from Early Bronze age on.

Tuesday, 22.10.2019, 16:15–16:35

Burial ground from the Early Bronze Age in Dolné Krškany (preliminary results)

Monika Gabulová*, Klaudia Daňová*, Lucia Nezvalová*

* Institute of Archaeology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Nitra, Slovakia

The site with the findings from the Early and Late Bronze Age, from the La Téne Period and Middle Ages was discovered during development-led excavations in 2019. Until now there were excavated 84 graves dated to the Early Bronze Age and 41 features from various time periods (research has not been ended yet). Grave pits were found shallow under the plow layer which influen- ced the poor state of skeletons. Dead were buried into the rectangular pits mostly individually. Two individuals placed in one grave were discovered in few cases. Skeletons were found in flexed position on left or right side with prevailing orientation NE-SW and SW-NE. Several grave pits were disturbed. Inven- tory is represented by bone beads which were placed on different parts of body. Jewellery in the shape of willow leaf and simple wire jewels dominated among the metal artefacts. Massive cast round jewel was also found in several graves. Weapons were represented mainly by stone arrowheads. Axe of saxon type and dagger belong to the exceptional findings. According to findings we can date most of the graves to the Nitra culture with the overlap to the Úněti- ce culture.

Tuesday, 22.10.2019, 16:40–17:00

Even Children Matter: the Youngest Children of the Únětice Culture

Lucie Vélová1, Katarína Hladíková2, Klaudia Daňová3

1 National museum, Prague, Czech Republic 2 Department of Archaeology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia 3 Institute of Archaeology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Nitra, Slovakia

The aim of our contribution is to present an overview of collected data concerning the remains of the youngest children in the Únětice culture (ÚC) society. Despite of considerable attention dedicated to the ÚC research, the topic of children in the EBA is still marginalized. Especially, the children up to one year of age stood aside of researcher interest because of their „invisibility“ in archaeological record. Increasing number of the youngest children remains in the ÚC revealed during the excavations in the last decades questioned the stereotypical assumption of their absence. The data has been collected mostly from the cemeteries and settlements of the ÚC to find out whether the youngest children were percieved as members of the society. The results of the analysis indicate high variability of the infant remains treatment (single graves, double and multiple graves and depositions, pithoi burials). The detailed research revealed the differences among treatment of foetuses and infants which could reflect slightly changing social status of children. The perception of the youngest children was probably determined by age, gender, kinship and/or related social status. Some regional specifics in the material culture were observed as well. Thanks to newest research the youngest individuals of the ÚC population emerged from oblivion, however the question of their mortality rate still remains open.

Tuesday, 22.10.2019, 17:05–17:25

Where are the princesses? An alternative social system to the „princely graves“ formed EBA society of Central Germany?

Michal Ernée*

* Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, v.v.i., Czech Republic

Princes and kings should lead the highely stratified and highborn men leaded EBA society in Central Germany during the first centuries of the second Mille- num BC. But the Central German Aunjetitz society was only one part of the whole large Early Bronze Age Aunjetitz-system in the contemporary Central Europe. In the southern Aunjetitz regions (Bohemia, Moravia, Lower-Austria, Slovakia) we miss comparable rich male tumulus-inhumations completely. But we have identified almost equal rich female inhumations on common skeleton cemeteries in these regions. Based on the analyse of the rich Early Bronze Age Aunjetitz cemetery in Mikulovice, Bohemia, I will discuss the different social system in this Early Bronze Age Aunjetitz nodal region compared to the highly stratified EBA society in Central Germany. We should try to discuss an interpret how and why could behave two (or more) different social (and political?) systems within the frame of only one clearly defined entity cold archaeological culture.

Tuesday, 22.10.2019, 17:30–17:50

Burials of the Böheimkirchner Group in Lower Austria

Violetta Reiter*

* Wolfsthal, Austria

The area of the Böheimkirchner Group was ín the south of Danube. Their cultural connection to the Věteřov Culture is given by the characteristic settlement pottery, which was discovered in large quantities in lowland and highland settlements in Lower Austria. In burial custom, the orientation of the dead to the north was taken over from the Unterwölblinger-Culturegroup. However, the tradtion of grave goods differ considerably. This lecture will provide an overview of unpublished and published burials of women, men and children of various sites.

Thursday, 24.10.2019, 09:00–09:20

Late Eneolithic hoard from Nitra

Pavol Jelínek1, Lenka Horáková2

1 SNM – Archaeological Museum, Bratislava, Slovakia 2 Palacký University Olomouc, Czech Republic; AA AVALA s. r. o., Slovakia

The paper presents a hoard find from Zobor hill near Nitra. It contains weapons: one-edged axe, flat axes, a dagger with a triangular blade grip-tongue dagger and a fan-like adze-shaped ingots. This find represents the first known hoard of this type in Slovakia. Based on the known analogies, this hoard can be dated to the second half of the 3rd millenium BC - the end of the Eneolithic. However, his provenance raises questions. The shapes of the daggers are similar to daggers of the Bell Beaker culture, while flat axes of similar shapes were produced in a wider European area. The fan-like adze-shaped ingots originate in the Western Balkans and are probably related to the spread of the Vučedol culture to the north. The burial mound in Šurany is one of the important sites of this period discovered in the region of Nitra. It demonstrates the ability of the elites to organize contacts on a trans-regional scale. Analysis of weight and shape of the fan-like adze-shaped ingots shows that these objects were not made in a series production - each item was made separately. Nevertheless, an effort to preserve the shape within the range of possibilities allowed by the production method is apparent. In the 3rd millennium BC, axes are one of the most common motifs in rock art in Western Europe. Evidence of his art form is not known in Central Europe, but we know a number of clay imitations of axe-hammers. Therefore, it can be assumed that this hoard might have had a certain ritual function and represented a votive gift, but the range of possible interpretations is broader. The shapes of axes and daggers in the hoard indicate that these objects have different origins, therefore the origin of this hoard as a set of objects remains unclear. Isotope analysis of copper from which the individual pieces were made will help to correctly interpret the origin and function of this find.

Thursday, 24.10.2019, 09:25–09:45

New hoards of metal finds from Early Bronze Age in the Hradec Králové region

Eva Schimerová1, Zuzana Bláhová2, Miroslav Novák3

1 Department of Archaeology, University of Hradec Králové, Czech Republic 2 Institute of Archaeology, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic 3 East Bohemian Museum in Hradec Králové, Czech Republic

The number of sites of the Únětice culture has been growing rapidly last years in Eastern Bohemia. Apart from new settlements and burial sites, also hoards of metal finds are being found. Unusual concentration of hoards seems to appear west of Hradec Králové, where very important valley of Pleistocene Labe – Urbanická brázda and current valleys of Labe and Orlice meet. The most outstanding are two big hoards of axes found in Kukleny (53 axes) and Kunčice (8 axes).

Thursday, 24.10.2019, 09:50–10:10

Hoard of copper ribs from Kučeř and its importance for studying of the Bronze Age metallurgy

Jan John1, Wayne Powell2, Julia Kočergina3

1 Department of Archaeology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Czech Republic 2 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Brooklyn College, New York, USA 3 Czech Geological Survey, Prague, Czech Republic

Based on hoard from Kučeř in South Bohemia, we will deal with the issue of origin and production of copper ingots in the shape of ribs, the occurrence of which is put into the Middle Bronze Age and beginning of Middle Bronze Age. We will focus on ingots containing tin, which are documented not only from Kučeř, but also from several other similar hoards. Using elemental and isotopic analyses, we will try to answer the question of how tin got into the alloy of ingots and what it tells about the Bronze Age metallurgy.

Thursday, 24.10.2019, 10:35–10:55

Use-wear and ballistic research of Nitra culture projectiles – results

Ludmila Kaňáková1, Jozef Bátora2, Vojtěch Nosek1

1 Department of Archaeology and Museology, Masaryk University in Brno, Czech Republic 2 Department of Archaeology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia

Paper concludes results of late prehistoric lithic projectiles research, starting in 2015. More than 400 of projectiles were analysed – projectiles of Nitra, Bell Beaker, Protoúnětice, Únětice and Otomany cultures. Methods involved technology analysis, use-wear and ballistics. Results were experimentally tested. Comprehensive knowledge of projectile social roles, operational chain, ar- cher´s mobility and real ballistic impact, was reached for studied period. Re- sults could have key importance for clarification of social change processes in elite crystallising period of Early Bronze Age.

Thursday, 24.10.2019, 11:00–11:20

The common grave of the Únětice culture from Chleby (Nymburk district)

Petr Krištuf1, Ondřej Švejcar2, Erika Průchová

1 Department of Archaeology, University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Czech Republic 2 Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, v.v.i. , Czech Republic

In 2016, a grave of the Únětice culture was discovered during the research of an early Eneolithic causewayed enclosure at the site “U Havranska”, in the cadastral area of Chleby (Nymburk District). The rectangular grave pit was shallow and was located in an area where a rampart of older enclosure could be expected. It is possible that the grave was originally embedded in this rampart, which could substitute a burial mound for the Únětice community. The grave contained at least 16 burials. There were four complete individuals buried in a crouched position on the side. Furthermore, we discovered four skulls, several skeletal elements of the postcranial of three individuals and the so-called "bone dump", which contained disarticulated bones, both human and animal. Taphonomic observation shows that individuals were not placed into the grave at the same time and that during each new burial people manipulated with the older skeletal remains. As a part of burial assemblage 5 vessels have been found, which date the grave to the older period of the Únětice culture. Although multiple burials are relatively common in the Únětice culture, the number of individuals in the grave from Chleby is exceptional. We believe that this is a good evidence of long-term community burial practise. These finds also indicate the variability of the burial rite of the Únětice culture.

ABSTRACTS OF POSTERS

(in alphabetical order by the authors’ last names)

Tuesday, 22.10.2019, 15:15–16:15

Pit no. 2/1999 from Trnava, part Medziháje (West Slovakia)

Juraj Bartík1, Peter Barta2

1 SNM – Archaeological Museum, Bratislava, Slovakia 2 Department of Archaeology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia

On a terrace of Parná River in Trnava, part Medziháje, was during salvage excavations identified a feature disturbed by earthworks. From its infill came pottery vessels and their fragments typical for Otomani-Füzesabony Culture, North-Pannonian Culture, and probably Vatya Culture. The shape and dimensions of excavated part of the feature are characteristic of a grain storage pit. Finds of animal bones and plants macroremains support a view that the pit was re-used for disposal of waste. However, quite a different reading may imply a find of human skull fragment and the fact that the pottery finds were culturally heterogeneous. Towards chronological characterisation of the ecofactual part of the infill contribute two radiocarbon determinations on charred ceral grains and inhumed animal bone.

This work was supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency und the con- tract no. APVV-15-0491, and in part by APVV-14-0550.

Tuesday, 22.10.2019, 15:15–16:15

An Early Bronze Age Graveyard in Mojmírovce, district Nitra

Pavol Bobek*, Peter Debnár*, Vladimír Mitáš*

* Institute of Archaeology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Nitra, Slovakia

Rescue archaeological excavation in Mojmírovce, district Nitra (ongoing from February 2019), revealed a site which was occupied in various periods from prehistory till 20th century. From August 2019, 13 Early Bronze Age graves were uncovered, with at least 14 human burials. Skeletal remains were scattered across the grave pit which suggests that graves were opened for the second time. Burned (cremated) bones in one of the inhumation graves are among the rare finds for the Early Bronze Age in Slovakia. Most graves had no pottery and contained copper artefacts (mostly ornaments made of copper wire and eventually dagger). Finds could be dated to the late Nitra/classical Únětice culture, which fit well to other already known cemeteries in Nitra river valley. Most probably only the section of much bigger, previously unknown, graveyard was uncovered.

This poster was funded by scientific grants APVV-16-0441 and VEGA 2/0091/16.

Tuesday, 22.10.2019, 15:15–16:15

Settlement from the Early Bronze Age from Nitra – Priemyselný park (preliminary report)

Klaudia Daňová*, Michal Cheben*

* Institute of Archaeology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Nitra, Slovakia

The area in the cadastre of Zbehy, location Dolné Lúky, was researched in 2017. It was extensive development-led excavation initiated by building of road infrastructure in the industrial park Nitra-Sever. There was found settlement during research which was inhabited throughout various time periods. The area was settled from the Mesolithic period until the Modern history. The most distinct mark left there people from the Early Bronze Age. We haven´t succeeded with finding any habitable feature at the excavated area, their presence was found out because of large amount of storage pits. Settlement graves also undoubtedly belong to this period. Three skeletal remains were found in storage pits, other four had grave pits dug. Ceramics belong to the most common findings. Except for fragments in the form of sherds, it was possible to find also whole undisturbed vessels at the bottom of storage pit. Inventory in graves was represented mainly by wire head decorations. Skeleton in feature 305 (storage pit) belongs to the extraordinary findings. It had, besides being placed in unusual prone position, also unconventional necklace from the bones of birds. In ceramic inventory most often occur shapes typical for Únětice culture - Únětice cup.

Tuesday, 22.10.2019, 15:15–16:15

Vráble-Fidvar: Evaluation of a field survey through the lens of spatial statistics

Dominik Drozd*

* Department of Archaeology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia

The grid method, which was used in 2007 field survey at the site of Vrable- Fidvar, allows a different scientific approach to the evaluation of the collected data than usual. Carefully documented material (2 t in total) provides us with a possibility to examine the data through methods of spatial statistics. Key part of the research is the grid map containing 237 squares, each labelled with a unique code consisting of a number and a letter. This leaves us with a precise position of every single statistical unit in the form of individual groups of material. With a focus on the chosen characteristics of the data, it is possible to use several methods of spatial statistics (e.g. spatial autocorrelation, point pattern analysis, techniques of sampling) to get much more complex and advanced results than with traditional approach to processing of collected material. Besides the evaluation of data, the impact and usefulness of spatial statistics is debated. Statistical approach brings many new scientific questions and challen- ges for Slovak archaeology, connected with a need of a more complex interdis- ciplinary (IT, mathematics) research.

Tuesday, 22.10.2019, 15:15–16:15

New settlement finds from Early Bronze Age in Gánovce – Za stodolami

Matúš Hudák1, Mária Hudáková2, Martin Hložek3, Dominika Oravkinová4

1, 2 Museum of Spiš Territory in Spišská Nová Ves, Slovakia 3 Department of Archaeology and Museology, Masaryk University in Brno, Czech Republic 4 Institute of Archaeology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Nitra, Slovakia

When it comes to Early and Middle Bronze Age, the archaeological site Gá- novce is mainly known due to significant finds collection from the filling of a ritual well, which was excavated in the location „Hrádok“ during the travertine exploitation. Apparently, there is less information available about the contemporary settlement agglomerations, which surrounded this archaeological locality of Central-European importance. One of them was situated in the close proximity on the eastern edge of the site „Hrádok“, at the location „Za stodolami“. History of archaeological research of Bronze Age settlement enclave in Gá- novce can be dated to the beginnings of the 19th century. Excavations and surveys of various intensity have continued with important results to no- wadays. Even though both locations are currently more or less destroyed by extensive construction and exploitation activities, regular surface surveys orga- nized by the archaeologists from Museum of Spiš Territory in Spišská Nová Ves contributed by a notable artefact collection. Additionally, the proximity of the two above-mentioned sites strenghtens the assumption that they could be simultaneously occupied by inhabitants of the identical community. Most of the archaeological finds, which were acquired by several surface pro- spections during 2019, can be dated to the end of Early Bronze Age and fully reflect the traditions of Otomani-Füzesabony Cultural Complex. There are mainly pottery fragments prevailing in the inventory and as expected, they morpho-typologically correlate to the findings from the well. In addition to pottery, a significant collection of ground stone artefacts, pottery, and bone tools have been documented. Those indicate the presence of wide-ranged craft and production activities. Among those two fragmentary preserved mo-

ulds made of stone deserve attention. Both were petrographically analyzed for the purpose of particular rock type definition and the temperature determination, which could possibly affect the artefacts. Its outer surface was analyzed by SEM-EDX method, which confirmed the presence of melted metal. Thus they reliably prove the local metallurgical production, which along with the other craft activities could have significant economic meaning for the community inhabiting the surroundings of the central site Gánovce – „Hrádok“.

Thursday, 24.10.2019, 15:15–16:15

Gegenwärtiger Forschungsstand der frühbronzezeitlichen Hügelgräberfelder in Südböhmen

Ondřej Chvojka1, Petr Menšík2, Petr Krištuf2

1 Department of Archaeology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Czech Republic 2 Department of Archaeology, University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Czech Republic

Hügelgräberfelder gehören zu den charakteristischen Denkmälern Südböh- mens. Aufgrund der vergleichsweise geringen landwirtschaftlich genutzten Fläche und der starken Bewaldung sind Hügelgräberfelder hier in größerer Zahl erhalten als in anderen Teilen Böhmens. Ein großer Teil der Hügelgräber wurde bereits in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts und am Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts untersucht oder auch unsachgemäß durchgraben. Nur wenige Hügelgräberfelder wurden fachgemäß untersucht und diese Untersuchungen sind meist nicht komplett veröffentlicht. Dies gilt auch für die Gräberfelder aus der frühen Bronzezeit. Eines der charakteristischen Merkmale der südböhmischen Aunjetitzer Kultur ist die Bestattung unter Grabhügeln. Diese ist die einzige bisher in Südböhmen belegte Bestattungsart. Gegenwärtig werden in Südböhmen ungefähr 50 Hügel- gräberstätten erfasst, an denen Bestattungen aus der frühen Bronzezeit belegt sind. Meist handelt es sich um polykulturelle Hügelgräberfelder, die auch in späteren Phasen der Urzeit genutzt wurden. Einige neue, vor allem mit Metal- ldetektoren auf Hügelgräberfeldern gewonnene Funde zeigen jedoch, dass die Zahl der Stätten deutlich höher anzunehmen ist. Die Gesamtstruktur der Gräberfelder kann nicht genau erfasst werden, da bisher kein frühbronzezeitli- ches Hügelgräberfeld vollkommen untersucht worden ist.

Tuesday, 22.10.2019, 15:15–16:15

Religious iconographies in the Early Bronze Age

Pavol Jelínek*, Dušan Valent

* SNM – Archaeological Museum, Bratislava, Slovakia

The poster deals with anthropomorphic Early Bronze Age depictions from the Carpathian Basin and the Central Danube Region. Abstracted human figures are engraved on metal headbands and pendants, engraved on ceramics, or cast as pendants and in the form of anthropomorphic sculptures. The individual representations of human characters are found on the same types of findings, or they are depicted or compsed identically. We therefore refer to them as religious iconographies; that is a recuringEarly Bronze Age way of depicting deities. We briefly deal with sculptures and encrusted representations of human figures on ceramics. However, we focus primarily on triadic, paired, and other human images on metal headbands and on several types of anthropomorphic and gynecomastonomorphic pendants. Interestingly, just like with sculptures and incrustated urns, the depictions (iconographies) are mostly female. Indivi- dual groups of iconographies have suggestive parallels among the importatnt deities identified by the method of comparative Indo-European mythology, which could help with their more accurate identification. In our opinion, our research contributes to the knowledge of religion in the Early Bronze Age.

Tuesday, 22.10.2019, 15:15–16:15

Current metallographic results of Bronze Age swords

Petr Krištuf1, Markéta Havlíková1, Josef Ježek1, Olga Bláhová2

1 Department of Archaeology, University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Czech Republic 2 NTC, University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Czech Republic

Warfare has been an important part of past communities. To this topic, there are related specialized artefacts – weapons. Those artefacts can only be han- dled by specialized individuals - warriors. Moreover, in the Bronze Age, specialized status of warriors is gaining in importance, as is shown by the number of specialized weapons, especially in male graves and hoards. In addition, these weapons often carry traces of use in combat. The main purpose of our research is to understand the significance of bronze sword in prehistoric societies, their practical use and their development. Assuming that the sword had a practical function in combat, it had to have the chemical and physical proper- ties which made it possible. We carried out various analysis for the study of Bronze Age sword fragments from location Lažany – microscopic, macroscopic analysis and metallography analysis (the study of the inner structure, microhardness and chemical composition of a material). By combining different methods we are able to identify and document various traces, composition and interventions in the metal, which could indicate different use of weapons in combat. In our research, we were mainly focused on the possible practical use of swords in combat. The important questions of study are practical use and the quality of the metal blade, which hinted that the sword could not be practically used. The last part of this project is experimental archaeology on which we illustrate replicas of bronze swords.

Tuesday, 22.10.2019, 15:15–16:15

Digital reconstruction of metal industry from depot Prašník III

Marián Marčiš1, Marek Fraštia1, Peter Brunčák1, Pavol Jelínek2

1 Department of Surveying, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Slovakia 2 SNM – Archaeological Museum, Bratislava, Slovakia

Photogrammetry methods are currently used in the field of cultural heritage documentation for different types of objects, especially when other technologies cannot provide the required accuracy and detail of the outputs. In addition, high- resolution textural information is a clear asset of photogrammetry, which provides significant added value for various professions requiring not only the precise geometry of the measured artifacts, but often the recording of their surface condition. This may be helpful e.g. in identifying production processes, as a basis for planned restoration or in various other specific analyzes. The aim of digitization of metal headbands from the locality Prašník was mainly the need for non-invasive unfolding of the twisted metal sheet and the possibility of subsequent digital reconstruction of the original shape of the headbands from individual fragments. For this purpose, a combination of several photogrammet- ric methods, such as e.g. structured light scanning, Structure from Motion and panoramic photogrammetry was used. At the same time, the achievement of the accuracy of the determination of the dimensions of the individual sheet metal fragments by means of inexpensive methods was compared with the methods requiring professional equipment.

Tuesday, 22.10.2019, 15:15–16:15

Archaeo-geophysical survey of tumulus, locality Šámot

Igor Murín*

* Department of Archaeology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia

The application of new technologies in archaeology as geophysics grew rapidly over the last decade and become an important part of archaeological prospection. Geophysics is a non-destructive rapid and efficient survey technique especially suitable for investigation of archeological sites threatened by intensive agricultural activities and land development. The aim of this project was testing different geophysical methods on the site with earthen mound - tumulus and evaluate them for their further suitability in investigation of burial mounds. The site Šámot is located north of town Šamo- rín. The investigastion applied detailed topographic survey and geophysical survey including ground penetrating radar (GPR) and magnetometry. The results reveal some information about the structure, construction and later use of this mound.

Tuesday, 22.10.2019, 15:15–16:15

„Home made, home used“ Chaȋne opératoire of antler cheek piece from fortified settlement in Spišský Štvrtok

Dominika Oravkinová1, Bibiána Hromadová2

1 Institute of Archaeology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Nitra, Slovakia 2 CNRS UMR 7055, Préhistoire et Technologie, Nanterre Cedex, France

The society of fortified settlement in Spišský Štvrtok, which is dated to the turn of Early and Middle Bronze Age and culturally belongs to the Otomani- Füzesabony Cultural Complex, was among other recognized activities craft specialized. It is evidenced by numerous semi-finished products and by- products, which confirm the on-site manufacture of most of the artefacts. They are presented in the settlement findings in the form of finished – final products and its functional debris. In this regard, we also consider the local provenance of an antler cheek piece of morphotype Tószeg, Füzesabony respectively, which was found under the floor level of the house 1/68 in the northeastern part of the settlement. The premise can be proven by unfinished support of a same-type antler cheek piece, which came from a destruction layer of the house 21/70 in the northeastern zone of the fortified area. The set of manufacture traces documented on the surface of an unfinished artefact correlate with the partitioning, reduction and perforation techniques of finished and completely preserved cheek piece. Such a rare coincidence makes it possible to present their operational sequence in detail and contributes to the discussion on the issue of its production mode and craft specialization. In addition to identifying of manufacture processes and reconstructing of chaȋne opératoire, those findings are important in terms of understanding wider social and economic aspects. The affiliation to the private structures – houses allows to assume not only their household production but also their household usage in the locality Spišský Štvrtok. Moreover, series of technolo- gical and morpho-typological analogues demonstrate, independently of the other material culture elements, intensive connectivity of Spiš enclave to the

regions settled by the Otomani-Füzesabony Cultural Complex in Eastern Hun- gary.

Tuesday, 22.10.2019, 15:15–16:15

Use-Wear Analysis of Metal Flanged Axes: Weapons, Tools or Symbols of Power?

Katarína Petriščáková1, Peter Pavúk2, Marek Verčík2, Petr Limburský3, David Daněček3,4, Vladimír Vejmola, Tomáš Bek3

1 The City of Prague Museum, Czech Republic 2 Institute of Classical Archaeology, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic 3 Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, v.v.i., Czech Republic 4 Central Bohemian Museum in Roztoky u Prahy, Czech Republic

While use-wear analysis of stone tools is quite well established in Czech Re- public, much less attention has been paid to the potential of use-wear traces on prehistoric metal weapons. This pilot study presents such an analysis on selected copper-based flanged axes from various context of the Aunjetitz Cul- ture in the Early Bronze Age. There are several reasons for a study of this specific group of artefacts. Axes are rare finds in graves; they appear more frequently in hoards. They are usu- ally considered some kind of power attributes. In this context we shall rise two basic questions: 1) whether the copper-based axes were actually actively employed in any activity before being deposited in the graves or hoards, or whether they had only a symbolic function in specialized social context? 2) whether it is possible to define more precisely the specific use of such axes. In other words, whether we can register differences of use-wear marks in case of hoards, graves and the other context. The functional analysis was carried out on eleven axes from the Central Bohe- mia, which can be considered a representative sample of flanged axes from the Early Bronze Age in our region. The gained results will be compared with other relevant records from the wider European area.

Tuesday, 22.10.2019, 15:15–16:15

Preliminary zooarchaeological results from Santovka – Travertínový lom III site

Mária Šedivá*, Martin Sabol*

* Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia

Santovka locality is situated in the Ipeľská pahorkatina Hills on the left bank of the Búr brook on the travertine heap at an altitude of 152 to 154 m above sea level. The subsoil is formed by Late Tertiary deposits, andesite tuffite, occasionally, there are underlying limestone covered with loess and loess clays. In the valley of the Búr brook there are carbonated springs of Santovka and thermal springs in the local part of Malinovec, where travertine heaps are created, while one of them contains the remains of a settlement from the early Bronze Age. So far, 2015 bones and their fragments have been processed from this locality and 646 were taxonomically determined. Identified osteological remains include 10 wildlife species and 6 domestic species, 9 genera and 1 family. However, most of the osteological finds were so fragmented that they could be identified only at the class level. 1360 of them can be identified as Mammalia gen. et spec. indet. and 9 as the Aves gen. et spec. indet. These were further categorized according to their size into size categories: large mammals (587 bones), me- dium- sized mammals (647 bones), small mammals (10 bones), and undetectab- le size (116 bones). The most represented taxa of the domestic animals are as follows: Bos taurus with 186 determined osteological remains and the genus Ovis/Capra with 97 determined bones. Among wild animals, Cervus elaphus with 88 bones determined were the most prominent. Osteological remains were also categorized into age categories. Of the total amount of 2015 bones, 1810 were attributed to adults, 53 were attributed to subadults, and 143 remains came from juveniles. Bones show different taphonomic changes; almost all bones have traces of the root etching, but also other various taphonomic changes caused by human activity, such as cuts, different forms of treatment, or bone burn. Some bones also carry pathological changes, such as various growths or imperfect growth

of fractured bones while the animal is still alive, and callus is formed.

The research was carried out thanks to the financial support of the Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic (project APVV-16-0121).

Tuesday, 22.10.2019, 15:15–16:15

A reconstruction visualization of objects from a hoard Prašník III

Mária Valigová*

* Department of Classical Archaeology, University of Trnava, Slovakia

The main aim of the work is to visually present various possible ways in which could be worn the bronze jewellery found in a hoard in locality Prašník- Tlstá hora. The hoard consisted of three hryvnia necklaces (a kind of pre-monetary commodity) and three fragmented metal headbands decorated with anthropo- morfic decoration. These objects, interpreted as female jewellery, were produced by Early Bronze Age Únětice culture. Analogy to this jewellery can be found mainly in the area of West Moravia and South West Slovakia. In our work, we present the jewellery in the form of female portraits, which respect the mentioned historical context. When designing various combina- tions in which the bronze jewels could be worn, we took into consideration several ways of female hair treatment, as well as the general appearance of women. We gained the necessary information and inspiration mainly from reconstructions and experimental archaeology, and also from archaeological localities in northern parts of Europe where the finds were preserved excep- tionally well in situ. The reconstructions presented in this work were created by a technique of drawing, as well as by combined techniques.

Notes