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CARIBE MEXICANO Abril 2016 ESTUDIO PREVIO JUSTIFICATIVO PARA EL ESTABLECIMIENTOaccchinchorro DEL ÁREA NATURAL PROTEGIDA RESERVA DE LA BIOSFERA CARIBE MEXICANO Abril 2016 Reserva de la Biosfera Caribe Mexicano D I R E C T O R I O Ing. Rafael Pacchiano Alamán Secretario de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales Cítese: Lic. Alejandro Del Mazo Maza Comisionado Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Biól. David Gutiérrez Carbonell Protegidas. 2016. Estudio Previo Encargado de la Dirección General de Conservación Justificativo para la declaratoria de la para el Desarrollo Reserva de la Biosfera Caribe Mexicano, Quintana Roo. 305 páginas. Incluyendo tres Biól. Francisco Ricardo Gómez Lozano anexos. Director Regional Península de Yucatán y Caribe Mexicano Biól. César Sánchez Ibarra Director de Representatividad y Creación de Nuevas Áreas Naturales Protegidas INTEGRÓ Con fundamento en los artículos 19 fracción III y 43 último párrafo del Reglamento Interior de la SEMARNAT, publicado en Diario Oficial de la Federación el 26 de noviembre de 2012. ___________________________ Biól. César Sánchez Ibarra Director de Representatividad y Creación de Nuevas Áreas Naturales Protegidas SUPERVISÓ Con fundamento en los artículos 19 fracción III, 43 último párrafo y 75 del Reglamento Interior de la SEMARNAT, publicado en Diario Oficial de la Federación el 26 de noviembre de 2012. ___________________________ Biól. David Gutiérrez Carbonell Encargado de la Dirección General de Conservación para el Desarrollo Estudio Previo Justificativo para el establecimiento del área natural protegida 1 Reserva de la Biosfera Caribe Mexicano CONTENIDO I. INFORMACIÓN GENERAL ............................................................................................................................. 10 a) Nombre del área propuesta ........................................................................................................................ 10 b) Entidades federativas y municipios en donde se localiza el área ............................................................... 10 c) Superficie .................................................................................................................................................... 14 d) Vías de acceso ............................................................................................................................................. 16 e) Mapa que contenga la descripción limítrofe .............................................................................................. 18 f) Nombre de las organizaciones, instituciones, organismos gubernamentales o asociaciones civiles participantes en el Estudio Previo Justificativo ................................................................................................................. 20 II. EVALUACIÓN AMBIENTAL ............................................................................................................................ 21 a) Descripción de los ecosistemas, especies o fenómenos naturales que se pretende proteger ................... 21 b) Razones que justifiquen el régimen de protección ..................................................................................... 86 c) Estado de conservación de los ecosistemas, especies o fenómenos naturales .......................................... 92 d) Relevancia a nivel regional y nacional de los ecosistemas representados en el área propuesta ............... 99 e) Antecedentes de protección del área ....................................................................................................... 111 f) Ubicación respecto a las regiones prioritarias para la conservación determinadas por la CONABIO ...... 122 III. DIAGNÓSTICO DEL ÁREA ............................................................................................................................ 132 a) Características históricas y culturales ....................................................................................................... 132 b) Aspectos socioeconómicos relevantes desde el punto de vista ambiental .............................................. 136 c) Usos y aprovechamientos, actuales y potenciales de los recursos naturales ........................................... 145 d) Situación jurídica de la tenencia de la tierra ............................................................................................. 164 e) Proyectos de investigación que se hayan realizado o que se pretendan realizar ..................................... 169 f) Problemática específica que deba tomarse en cuenta ............................................................................. 170 f.1.) Vulnerabilidad al cambio climático ............................................................................................................ 181 g) Centros de población existentes al momento de elaborar el estudio ...................................................... 190 IV. PROPUESTA DE MANEJO DEL ÁREA ........................................................................................................... 192 a) Zonificación y su subzonificación a que se refiere los artículos 47 BIS y 47 BIS 1 de la LGEEPA ............... 192 b) Tipo o categoría de manejo ...................................................................................................................... 198 c) Administración .......................................................................................................................................... 198 d) Operación .................................................................................................................................................. 198 e) Financiamiento.......................................................................................................................................... 200 V. BIBLIOGRAFÍA ............................................................................................................................................ 202 VI. ANEXOS ..................................................................................................................................................... 239 Estudio Previo Justificativo para el establecimiento del área natural protegida 2 Reserva de la Biosfera Caribe Mexicano ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS Figura 1. ANP colindantes con la propuesta Reserva de la Biosfera Caribe Mexicano. ................................... 11 Figura 2. Entidades federativas y municipios dentro de la propuesta Reserva de la Biosfera Caribe Mexicano. .......................................................................................................................................................................... 13 Figura 3. Superficie marina y terrestre de la propuesta de Reserva de la Biosfera Caribe Mexicano. ............ 15 Figura 4. Mapa con las vías de acceso de la propuesta de Reserva de la Biosfera Caribe Mexicano. ............. 17 Figura 5. Mapa con los principales vértices de construcción de la propuesta de Reserva de la Biosfera Caribe Mexicano. ......................................................................................................................................................... 19 Figura 6. Regionalización de ambientes para la propuesta de Reserva de la Biosfera Caribe Mexicano. ....... 22 Figura 7. Ecorregiones Marinas Nivel II de CONABIO....................................................................................... 24 Figura 8. Ecorregiones Marinas dentro de la propuesta de Reserva de la Biosfera Caribe Mexicano. ........... 25 Figura 9. Localización del Banco Arrowsmith. .................................................................................................. 39 Figura 10. Batimetría y Ecorregiones del ambiente marino para la propuesta de Reserva de la Biosfera Caribe Mexicano. .............................................................................................................................................. 41 Figura 11. Trayectoria de fenómenos meteorológicos en el Golfo de México y Mar Caribe. ......................... 54 Figura 12. Ecorregiones Terrestres Nivel II de CONABIO ................................................................................. 58 Figura 13. Acercamiento de las Ecorregiones Terrestres Nivel II dentro de la propuesta de Reserva de la Biosfera Caribe Mexicano................................................................................................................................. 59 Figura 14. Tipos de suelo en el ambiente terrestre de la propuesta de Reserva de la Biosfera Caribe Mexicano. ......................................................................................................................................................... 63 Figura 15. Cuerpos de agua en la propuesta de Reserva de la Biosfera Caribe Mexicano. ............................. 65 Figura 16. Vegetación de ambiente terrestre en la propuesta Reserva de la Biosfera Caribe Mexicano. ...... 68 Figura 17. Diagrama de las principales características de las lagunas costeras. .............................................. 74 Figura 18. Uso de suelo y vegetación en la zona costera de la propuesta de Reserva de la Biosfera Caribe Mexicano. ......................................................................................................................................................... 80 Figura 19. Patrones migratorios de tortugas marinas (Chelonia mydas y Eretmochelys imbricata) en áreas críticas de conservación. .................................................................................................................................
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