LARGE DECIDUOUS TREES FOR SEA CLIFF
The trees described in this paper are large trees commonly planted in Sea Cliff which: • Generally grow taller than 40 feet • Drop their leaves in the fall (i.e., are deciduous) • Are recommended on the basis of ornamental value, hardiness, availability, and freedom from serious problems.
THIS LIST IS INFORMATIONAL ONLY AND IS NOT A DIRECT MANDATE
Factors to Consider
Besides any personal leanings toward a particular tree, there are other factors a resident should consider when selecting a large tree to plant:
Shade is an obvious benefit of large trees. A few large trees planted on the south and west sides of a house can reduce cooling costs up to 10% in the summer. In the winter, deciduous trees drop their leaves to allow the sun to naturally warm your house. Large trees can also shade decks and patios, walks, and parking areas. They can also limit locations where other sun-loving plants can grow.
Framing is another feature of large trees. When planted in front or side yards, large trees can create a visual “frame” around a house. Large trees planted in the backyard create a background against which the house is viewed from the street. In each case, a large tree helps create a sense of establishment and permanence.
Permanence needs to be taken into account. Large trees will be part of your landscape for many years. In fact, once established, they can be quite expensive to remove. Therefore, it's especially important when planting large trees to make sure you're planting them in sites that meet the trees' needs and allows for the trees' ultimate size.
Characteristics of the tree are also important. You should be aware of the tree's flowers, fruits, seeds, leaves, bark, and growth habit to make sure it is appropriate for your landscape setting. While Oak acorns are fine to feed the squirrels and birds, you don’t want them filling up your gutters if the tree will eventually overhang the house.
The following is a list of suggested large trees to plant in Sea Cliff and some information about them. Remember that no living thing is always perfect! Research more information about these and many other possible trees on the 1 of 9
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Internet, and also at your local nursery, before making a final choice. BOTANICAL *GROWTH COMMON NAME HEIGHT SPREAD FORM COMMENTS NAME RATE Sun; adaptable to wet, dry, and swampy locations; prefers acidic soils, chlorosis BALD CYPRESS Taxodium symptoms with high – distichum 50-70' 20-30' Pyramidal M pH soil; straight Bald-Cypress narrow tree with wide base; sage green leaves turn a russet- red in fall; a stately deciduous conifer. Sun; moist, well- drained soil; more BEECH – Fagus tolerant of alkaline Pyramidal European sylvatica 50-60' 35-45' S/M soil than our native to oval Beech species; smooth gray bark; attractive foliage Cut-leaf, dark green BEECH – Fagus leaves almost fern- Fern-leaved sylvatica 50-60' 45-50' Pyramidal S like; attractive European 'Asplenifolia' golden-brown fall Beech color. BEECH – Fagus Variegated purplish Tricolor sylvatica 30-40' 20-25' Rounded S leaves edged with European 'Purpurea rose and cream color. Beech Tricolor' Best in part shade to full sun in deep, rich, moist but well- Fagus BEECH – drained soils. sylvatica River's Copper 50-60' 45' Rounded S Intolerant of wet, 'Riversii' Beech poorly drained, clay
soils. Difficult to transplant, spring plant only.
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BOTANICAL *GROWTH COMMON NAME HEIGHT SPREAD FORM COMMENTS NAME RATE Full sun to part shade; moist to well- drained acidic soil, develops iron chlorosis in high pH BIRCH – Betula nigra Pyramidal 40-70' 40-60' M/F soil; tolerant of River Birch to rounded temporary flooding and clay soils; attractive peeling bark adds winter interest. Sun to part shade; well-drained, acidic BIRCH – Betula nigra Rounded soil; open habit with Cully River 'Cully' 60-70' 40-50' S pyramidal low branching; Birch cinnamon-red exfoliating bark Full sun to part shade; best in moist soil; tolerant of high COFFEETREE – Gymnocladus Broad to pH soil, drought, and Kentucky dioicus 50-60' 40-50' wide S/M pollution; yellow fall Coffeetree spreading color; thick seed pods of female tree offer winter interest; male trees are seedless. Gymnocladus Full sun, prefers deep COFFEETREE – dioicus ''J.C. Upright/ moist soil for best Kentucky 60-70' 30-40' S/M McDaniel' Spreading growth. Drought and Coffeetree pollution tolerant. Ulmus Shows good ELM – davidiana var. resistance to Dutch Upright Morton japonica 40-60' 35-40' F elm disease (DED) vase Japanese Elm 'Morton' and elm leaf; yellow fall color. ELM – Ulmus 'Morton Rounded Full sun, adapts easily Morton Plainsman' 50' 45' to vase- F to extremes in soil pH Plainsman shaped and moisture. Elm Prefers rich, moist ELM – Ulmus 'Morton Vase soil, tolerant of most Morton Red Red Tip' 60-70' 50-60' F Shape soils and urban Tip Elm conditions. 3 of 9
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BOTANICAL *GROWTH COMMON NAME HEIGHT SPREAD FORM COMMENTS NAME RATE ELM – Ulmus 'Morton Full sun; moist, well- Upright/ Morton Stalwart' 60' 50' F drained soil; high Oval Stalwart Elm drought tolerance. Excellent DED and elm yellows ELM – Ulmus Pyramidal resistance; arching Homestead 'Homestead' 40-50' 40-50 F to vase branches; susceptible Elm to elm leaf beetles; European hybrid. Excellent DED resistance; tolerant ELM – Ulmus x of urban conditions; Pioneer hollandica 50-60' 45-50' Round F susceptible to elm Netherland 'Pioneer' leaf beetle; yellow Elm fall color; European hybrid. Good DED resistance; stress tolerant; strong ELM – Ulmus 'Regal' Pyramidal central leader with 50-60' 30-35' F Regal Elm to oval open crown; European hybrid; U of WI introduction. Vigorous grower with ELM – Ulmus 'Morton Upright- glossy dark green Morton glossy Glossy' 50-60' 40-50' F oval foliage and Elm symmetrical form. Ulmus ELM – Vase Well-drained soil in americana Princeton 75-90' 50-60' shape/ F full sun to part shade, 'Princeton' American Elm Upright tolerates flooding.
Excellent DED resistance; large, Ulmus 'New ELM - New dark green leaves; Horizon' 40-50' 40-50' Upright F Horizon Elm yellow fall color;
upright, full crown; Asian hybrid.
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BOTANICAL *GROWTH COMMON NAME HEIGHT SPREAD FORM COMMENTS NAME RATE Needs sun; moist fertile soil; pH adaptable; displays good salt, heat, and Pyramidal pollution tolerance; GINKGO – Ginkgo biloba 50-80' 30-40' to wide S bright green, fan- Ginkgo spreading shaped leaves change to an excellent yellow fall color; select male cultivars only. Full sun, prefers GINKGO – Ginkgo biloba Broadly deep, sandy soils and Autumn Gold 'Autumn Gold' 45' 30-35' S/M pyramidal moderate moisture, Ginkgo soil pH adaptable. Full sun, best in GINKGO – Ginkgo biloba deep, sandy soil and Magyar 'Magyar' 50' 20-25' Upright S moderate moisture, Ginkgo pH adaptable. Ginkgo biloba Full sun, prefers deep GINKGO – 'Princeton sandy soils and Princeton 60' 10-15' Columnar S Sentry' moderate moisture, Sentry Ginkgo pH adaptable. Sun (young plants Celtis prefer part shade); HACKBERRY – occidentalis Broad Oval acid or alkaline soils; 40-60' 40-50' M/F Hackberry to vase tolerant of temporarily wet sites and pollution. Sun to part shade; prefers deep, fertile LINDEN – Tilia Oval to soil; heart-shaped American americana 60-80' 30-40' M rounded leaves; fragrant Basswood flowers in June; dense shade tree. LINDEN – Tilia x Full sun to light shade Glenleven flavescens Upright/ in deep, fertile, well- 50' 35' F Yellowish 'Glenleven' Oval drained soil, pH Linden adaptable.
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BOTANICAL *GROWTH COMMON NAME HEIGHT SPREAD FORM COMMENTS NAME RATE Gleditsia Sun; moist, well- LOCUST – triacanthos drained soil; salt and Thornless 40-70' 40-70' Broad vase F var. inermis drought tolerant; cast Honey Locust light shade. Gleditsia LOCUST – triacanthos f. Seedless; golden Moraine 40-60' 50-70' Broad vase F inermis yellow fall color. Honey Locust 'Moraine' Sun; moist, well- Gleditsia drained soil; strong LOCUST – triacanthos f. central leader; dark, Skyline Honey inermis 45-60' 35-45' Pyramidal F leathery leaves turn a Locust 'Skyline' bright yellow fall
color; fruitless. Full sun to light MAGNOLIA – Magnolia shade; moist well- Pyramidal Cucumber acuminata 50-80' 50-60' M/F drained soil; to rounded Magnolia attractive pinkish-red fruit pods. Needs full sun; thrives in a range of soil pH, tolerates wet MAPLE - Acer x or dry soil conditions; Freeman's freemanii 75-80' 45-50' Oval F a hybrid of red and Maple silver maple; outstanding red- orange fall color. MAPLE – Acer x Marmo Upright Red and green fall freemanii 45-70' 35-40' F Freeman's columnar color. 'Marmo' Maple Sun to part shade; Acer nigrum well-drained soil; MAPLE – Upright higher heat and 60-70' 50-75' S Black Maple oval drought tolerance than sugar maple; salt sensitive.
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BOTANICAL *GROWTH COMMON NAME HEIGHT SPREAD FORM COMMENTS NAME RATE Needs full sun; prefers moist, acidic soil; chlorosis is a problem in high pH MAPLE – Acer rubrum 40-50' 35-45' Pyramidal M/F soil and drought Red Maple conditions; red flowers and yellow- green to red fall color. Best in full sun and well-drained soils. MAPLE – Acer rubrum Tolerant of Autumn 'Autumn temporary wet 50-60' 40-50' Rounded M Flame Red Flame' conditions once Maple established. Prefers slightly acidic pH soils. MAPLE – Acer rubrum Narrow form; late, Upright Bowhall Red 'Bowhall' 40-50' 10-15' M brilliant orange to red pyramidal Maple fall color. MAPLE – Acer rubrum Pyramidal Early, orange to red Franksred Red 'Franksred' 40-50' 35-40' M to rounded fall color. Maple MAPLE – Acer rubrum Oval to Late, brilliant orange October Glory 'October 40-50' 40-50' M rounded to red fall color Red Maple Glory' Requires full sun to part shade; prefers rich, well-drained soil; susceptible to Acer salt, drought, and air MAPLE – Oval to saccharum 60-75' 40-50' S pollution; leaf scorch Sugar Maple rounded and verticillium wilt can be a serious problem; orange, yellow, or red fall color.
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BOTANICAL *GROWTH COMMON NAME HEIGHT SPREAD FORM COMMENTS NAME RATE Full sun to part shade; loamy, well- Acer drained soil; MAPLE – saccharum adaptable to Green 'Green 50-60' 45-50' Oval S moderately high pH Mountain Mountain' soil; tolerant of heat Sugar Maple and dry conditions; orange and golden yellow fall color. Develops a strong MAPLE - Acer x central leader; more Jeffersred freemanii 50-60' 40-50' Broad Oval F drought tolerant than Freeman's 'Jeffersred' above; consistent Maple orange-red fall color. Acer miyabei Full sun in moist, well Upright- MAPLE - drained, slightly 40-50' 30-35' oval to M Miyabe Maple acidic soil; tolerates rounded some dryness. Full sun in moist, well MAPLE - Acer miyabei drained, slightly Broad Morton 'Morton' 40-50' 30-35' M acidic soils. Excellent pyramidal Miyabei Maple heat and drought tolerance. Full Sun; requires moist, slightly acidic OAK – Quercus alba Broadly soil; sensitive to soil 50-80' 50-80' S/M White Oak rounded disturbances, such as compaction; state tree of IL. Sun; requires moist, OAK – Quercus slightly acidic soil; Broadly Swamp White bicolor 50-60' 50-60' M chlorosis symptoms in rounded Oak high pH soils; tolerant of urban conditions. Sun; very adaptable to most soils and pH; Quercus difficult to OAK – macrocarpa 70-80' 80-90' Broad S transplant; more Bur Oak tolerant of urban conditions than other oaks.
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BOTANICAL *GROWTH COMMON NAME HEIGHT SPREAD FORM COMMENTS NAME RATE Full sun; prefers rich, Quercus well-drained soil; OAK – muhlenbergii 40-50' 50-70' Round S tolerant of alkaline Chinkapin Oak soil; difficult to transplant. OAK – Quercus robur Round to Full sun; well-drained 40-60' 50-60' S/M English Oak spreading soil; pH tolerant. Full sun; prefers sandy loam soils that OAK – are slightly acidic; Quercus rubra Northern Red 60-80' 60-75' Round M develops chlorosis
Oak symptoms in high pH soils; tolerant of salt and air pollution. Sun; prefers moist, well-drained soil; pH adaptable; straight trunked; goblet Liriodendron POPLAR – Rounded shaped orangeish- tulipifera 70-90' 35-50' F Tulip-Tree to oval green flowers in
spring; unusual tulip- shaped leaves turn yellow in fall; spring plant only.
Notes:
Height and spread listed above are at the tree's maturity.
How fast a tree grows will be influenced by site conditions, species selection, and maintenance. Growth rate refers to the average annual rate of growth in the first 10 years after planting:
*Key to Growth Rate: F : Fast (25 inches or more a year) M/F : Medium to Fast (18 to 25 inches a year) M : Medium (13 to 22 inches a year) S/M : Slow to Medium (12 to 18 Inches a year) S : Slow (less than 12 inches per year)
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