Self-Guided Walking Tour of the Notable Trees on the Grounds of The

Home , Fagus sylvatica, Ginkgo biloba

the plants, trees or animals that live here. here. live that animals or trees plants, the

litter, or cause any damage to our statuary, or to to or statuary, our to damage any cause or litter,

al environment. Please do not not do Please environment. al natur the Respect •

sanctuary.

trees are meant to provide a place of peaceful peaceful of place a provide to meant are trees

p noise levels down. The trail and the the and trail The down. levels noise p kee Please •

leave by public safety officials. safety public by leave

observed photographing others may be asked to to asked be may others photographing observed

Those visitors. other and members, family

our grounds. We respect the privacy of patients, patients, of privacy the respect We grounds. our

ain from taking any photographs while on on while photographs any taking from ain Refr •

patients’ recoveries. recoveries. patients’

of our notable trees notable our of

and were among the most critical components in in components critical most the among were and

ask that you: that ask

that peaceful, park-like grounds provided respite respite provided grounds park-like peaceful, that

A self-guided walking tour tour walking self-guided A guided walking tour of notable trees. However, we we However, trees. notable of tour walking guided

spread belief within the psychiatric community community psychiatric the within belief spread

the pleasure and botanical treasures of our self- our of treasures botanical and pleasure the

- wide was there — interventions pharmaceutical

Treasure

We invite and encourage the public to experience experience to public the encourage and invite We

before the advent of today’s therapeutic and and therapeutic today’s of advent the before

At the time the project was undertaken — — undertaken was project the time the At

patient privacy patient and grounds our Respect

Cedar Hill Cemetery. Cemetery. Hill Cedar A Botanical Botanical A

cones, pea sized. sized. pea cones,

Weidenmann also designed Bushnell Park and and Park Bushnell designed also Weidenmann

plates affixed to their trunks. their to affixed plates feathery, the trunk red-brown, and the numerous numerous the and red-brown, trunk the feathery,

supervised and executed the project. Locally, Locally, project. the executed and supervised

are significant specimens and are marked by brass brass by marked are and specimens significant are Olmsted planting. The branchlets are somewhat somewhat are branchlets The planting. Olmsted

scaping endeavor was Jacob Weidenmann, who who Weidenmann, Jacob was endeavor scaping

28 noted on this map within, those highlighted highlighted those within, map this on noted 28 1861, making it highly unlikely that it was in the the in was it that unlikely highly it making 1861,

- land Institute’s the in protégé Olmstead’s

While there are many more trees here than the the than here trees more many are there While Japanese tree was introduced to England in in England to introduced was tree Japanese

Grounds in Washington, D.C. Washington, in Grounds

Botanical Society. Society. Botanical frequently planted variety of C. pisifera, this this pisifera, C. of variety planted frequently

City, the Boston Park System, and the U.S. Capitol Capitol U.S. the and System, Park Boston the City,

Connecticut the of Committee Tree Notable the of four similar trees in the immediate area. A A area. immediate the in trees similar four of

other designs include Central Park in New York York New in Park Central include designs other

England champions (largest of their species) by by species) their of (largest champions England This double-trunked specimen is the largest largest the is specimen double-trunked This

of landscape architecture in this country. His His country. this in architecture landscape of

(Chamaecyparis pisifera ‘Plumosa’) pisifera (Chamaecyparis have been designated as Connecticut and/or New New and/or Connecticut as designated been have

native who is widely recognized as the founder founder the as recognized widely is who native

PLUME SAWARA CYPRESS SAWARA PLUME 28. sought. Some of the larger trees on the walk today today walk the on trees larger the of Some sought.

Hartford a Olmsted, Law Frederick by 1861

were lost, suitable replacements or substitutes were were substitutes or replacements suitable lost, were

The grounds of the Institute were designed in in designed were Institute the of grounds The

survive today, others died in the interim. As trees trees As interim. the in died others today, survive fort worthwhile, however. however. worthwhile, fort

While we know some of the original specimens specimens original the of some know we While - ef the makes foliage fall red deep glorious The

About the design the About

late 19th and early 20th centuries. 20th early and 19th late other oaks because it is difficult to transplant. transplant. to difficult is it because oaks other

predated the plan, and which were products of the the of products were which and plan, the predated often seen in park-like settings as often as some some as often as settings park-like in seen often

specific trees were planted in 1861, which trees trees which 1861, in planted were trees specific The scarlet oak is native to Connecticut. It is is It Connecticut. to native is oak scarlet The

health and substance abuse. substance and health

OAK SCARLET 27. (Quercus coccinea) (Quercus been found. Therefore, we can only guess which which guess only can we Therefore, found. been

research and education in the fields of behavioral behavioral of fields the in education and research

includes numbered trees, no identifying key has has key identifying no trees, numbered includes

leading provider of comprehensive patient care, care, patient comprehensive of provider leading

have a copy of Olmsted’s original drawing, which which drawing, original Olmsted’s of copy a have more popular. more

division of Hartford Hospital, the Institute is a a is Institute the Hospital, Hartford of division

or because they were rare or unusual. Although we we Although unusual. or rare were they because or common lilac. Not a common tree, but becoming becoming but tree, common a Not lilac. common

first hospital of any kind in Connecticut. Now a a Now Connecticut. in kind any of hospital first

because they were very large or very old specimens, specimens, old very or large very were they because flowers which bloom somewhat later than the the than later somewhat bloom which flowers

mental health centers in the country, and the the and country, the in centers health mental

trees more than a century and a half ago were chosen chosen were ago half a and century a than more trees has cherrylike bark and big clusters of creamy creamy of clusters big and bark cherrylike has

1822, the Institute of Living was one of the first first the of one was Living of Institute the 1822,

The original trees that were designated as notable notable as designated were that trees original The This species first came to the USA in 1876. It It 1876. in USA the to came first species This

Welcome to the Institute of Living. Founded in in Founded Living. of Institute the to Welcome

(Syringa reticulata) reticulata) (Syringa

Welcome

About the trees the About APANESE TREE LILAC LILAC TREE APANESE J 26.

1. KENTUCKY COFFEETREE 7. GINKGO (Ginkgo biloba) 13. SAUCER MAGNOLIA 20. JAPANESE ZELKOVA (Zelkova japonica) (Gymnocladus dioicus) Standing in front of Center Building is one of the (Magnolia x soulangiana) Once touted as the replacement for the besieged Although this is one of the smaller trees on largest ginkos in the country. The Ginkgo, native to A hybrid first produced in 1820, this tree has become American elm, the zelkova is a nice tree in its the Institute campus, it is rare enough to deserve eastern China, is the most primitive broad-leaved the most popular of magnolias. Known for its profusion own right. It was introduced to America in 1862, attention. Native to our midwest, it has twice tree extant, going back unchanged at least 65 million of large pink and white blossoms, it subsequently a year after the Olmsted installation. Note the compound leaves with 6 to 14 leaflets per stem. years. Its fan-shaped leaves are unique. Male trees has red, cone-like fruit. elm-like leaves and the handsome exfoliating bark. It is distinguished by furrowed bark, crooked are preferred because the smell of the female fruit Our tree is the New England champion zelkova. branches, and a big brown seed pod (female is objectionable to some. This specimen, largest of 14. ROHAN BEECH trees). The seeds were once used as a coffee several on the grounds, is the New England champion, (Fagus sylvatica ‘Atropurpurea Rohani’) 21. TULIP TREE (Liriodendron tulipifera) substitute. and one of the biggest in the USA. Because it can This hybrid was first produced in 1888. This specimen The tallest of native broadleaved trees, the tulip live to one thousand years old, it has plenty of was planted to replace several beeches, which is a majestic sight with its long, straight, limbless 2. EUROPEAN CUTLEAF BEECH growing to do. had reached the end of their lives. It immediately trunk. Its leaves are unusual — instead of ending in (Fagus sylvatica ‘Laciniata’) becomes a ‘notable’ tree due to its designation as a point, they end in a broad indentation. Because This natural mutation of the standard European 8. SASSAFRAS (Sassafras albidum) the state champion. tulip trees are so tall, their lovely green and orange, beech has the same smooth gray bark as the Most people know our native sassafras as a small tulip-shaped flowers are infrequently seen. species, but its leaves are deeply incised. Its tree. Only very occasionally is one as large as this 15. COMMON HORSECHESTNUT companion specimen is only slightly smaller. found. The bark is deeply furrowed. On this old (Aesculus hippocastanum) 22. PIN OAK (Quercus palustris) tree the leaves are mainly elliptical, but on younger Native to Europe, this tree has been cultivated in The pin oak, a native tree, tends to grow near 3. YELLOW BIRD CUCUMBER MAGNOLIA trees many leaves look like 2- or 3-lobed mittens. America since the mid 18th century, and is now water. Nursery owners love it, because its lack of (Magnolia acuminata ‘Yellow Bird’) The aromatic root bark has been used medicinally naturalized here. Leaves are compound, with seven tap root makes it the easiest oak to transplant. Native to our midwest, the cucumber magnolia for centuries. leaflets. Flowers are huge white cones. The shiny Its leaves are fine and deeply cut, and often color has large leaves which appear before the greenish brown, inedible nuts are encased in a spiny husk. well in autumn. Its acorn is very small. Our big flowers. The dark red fruit somewhat resembles 9. BLACK WALNUT (Juglans nigra) specimen may well be from the 1861 plan. a cucumber. This newly planted tree replaces one This large specimen, probably Olmstedian, has 16. CRIMEAN LINDEN (Tilia x euchlora) planted by Olmsted and immediately becomes a compound leaves with 9 to 21 leaflets. The fruit is a This hybrid was first noted in Crimea around 1860. 23. BALD CYPRESS (Taxiodium distichum) ‘notable’ tree due to its designation as the state two-inch nut with a green husk. The wood is highly Old trees are fairly rare in America, but plantings A deciduous coniferous tree native to the champion of this variety. prized and very expensive. Native to midwest USA. have been common since the 1980’s. Our tree was swamps and streamsides of the southeast United likely planted in the late 19th century. States, having alternate, awl-shaped leaves, globose 4. CAMPERDOWN ELM 10. SARGENTS’S WEEPING HEMLOCK cones, and sometimes aerial root knees. (UImus glabra ‘Camperdownii’) (Tsuga canadensis ‘Sargenti’) 17. BIGLEAF LINDEN (Tilia platyphyllos) This mushroom-shaped tree is a natural mutation An unusual variation on the hemlock, one of our In 2003, this linden was added to the list of 24. GOLDEN LARCH (Pseudolarix amabils) of the wych elm which was discovered around finest native conifers. This weeping cultivar replaces champions as the largest of its kind reported It is a deciduous coniferous tree with a broad conic 1850 at Camperdown House, Dundee, Scotland. a stand of indigenous trees besieged by attack of in Connecticut. crown. The cones are distinctive, superficially Our tree is a medium sized specimen. A graft can the woolly adelgid, an exotic sucking insect. resembling a small globe artichoke. Unlike true be found at about 5 feet. 18. KATSURA TREE larches, it is very tolerant of summer heat and 11. BUR OAK (Quercus macrocarpa) (Cercidiphylum japonicum) humidity, growing very successfully in the south- 5. SWEET GUM The bur oak has large leaves with round lobes and a Native to Japan and China, this relatively small eastern United States where most larches and (Liquidambar styraciflua) wasp waist. The acorn is huge, with a bristly fringe specimen has heart-shaped leaves, small fruit pods, firs do not succeed. This massive tree was almost certainly planted on the cup. The most northern of American oaks, and shaggy bark. by Olmsted. Native from extreme southwest the bur oak is natively found in extreme northwest 25. YELLOW BUCKEYE (Aesculus octandra) Connecticut to Texas, it has star-shaped leaves Connecticut. Our tree is the New England co-champion. 19. PECAN (Carya illinoensis) The yellow buckeye, a Midwestern native, is not and ridged bark. The fruit is a one-inch round Twin lightning strikes on the lower trunk are healing A real rarity in the north, only five have been reported common in Connecticut. Our tree is the second burr. Gum produced by scraping off the bark was well. Almost surely by Olmsted. in Connecticut. Our giant was the New England largest reported in the state. Its leaves are similar once used for medicine and chewing gum. Our champion prior to a major lightning strike in 2003. to the common horsechestnut, but much more tree is a Connecticut state champion. 12. TURKEY OAK (Quercus cerris) It is possible that this tree was planted here before elliptical. It bears big clusters of yellow flowers. A Eurasian tree, the turkey oak is fairly rare in Olmsted, because a photo taken in the 1880’s shows The nut is like the horsechestnut, but the tan 6. AMERICAN HOLLY (Ilex opaca) Connecticut. Acorns are large, with bristly cups. it to have been a fairly large tree at that time. husk has no spines. Probably planted around the This handsome tree is native as far north as Leaves remain green into late fall. Bark is black turn of the century. Massachusetts, but it is basically a tree of southeastern and rough. USA. One of the few broadleaved evergreen trees, it produces bright red berries (female trees). There are literally hundreds of nursery varieties. KENTUCKY COFFEETREE YELLOW BIRD CUCUMBER MAGNOLIA AMERICAN HOLLY (Gymnocladus dioicus) (Magnolia acuminata ‘Yellow Bird’) (Ilex opaca) 1 6 3 2 4 EUROPEAN CUTLEAF BEECH 5 (Fagus sylvatica ‘Laciniata’) CAMPERDOWN ELM (UImus glabra ‘Camperdownii’) SWEET GUM (Liquidambar styraciflua)

BLACK WALNUT (Juglans nigra) 10 7 SARGENTS’S 9 WEEPING HEMLOCK GINKGO (Tsuga can (Ginkgo biloba) 8 adensis ‘Sargenti’)

SASSAFRAS (Sassafras albidum) TURKEY OAK 12 (Quercus cerris) SAUCER MAGNOLIA (Magnolia x soulangiana) 14 ROHAN BEECH 13 (Fagus sylvatica ‘Atropurpurea Rohani’) 16 CRIMEAN LINDEN (Tilia x euchlora)

11 22 BUR OAK 15 PIN OAK (Quercus macrocarpa) 19 (Quercus COMMON HORSECHESTNUT palustris) PECAN (Aesculus hippocastanum) (Carya illinoensis) 18 JAPANESE ZELKOVA BIGLEAF LINDEN 21 (Zelkova japonica) (Tilia platyphyllos) KATSURA TREE (Cercidiphylum japonicum) 20 17

TULIP TREE (Liriodendron tulipifera)

JAPANESE TREE LILAC 26 (Syringa reticulata) BALD CYPRESS (Taxiodium distichum) YELLOW BUCKEYE 23 (Aesculus octandra) 25

28 24 27 GOLDEN LARCH SCARLET OAK PLUME SAWARA CYPRESS (Pseudolarix amabils) MAPLE AVE. (Quercus coccinea) (Chamaecyparis pisifera ‘Plumosa’)

22 17 23 16 25 21 24 14 ESSEX ST. 18 26 19 13

15 12 BARNARDBARNARD ST.ST. 27 20 28 11 10 7 8 9 RETREAT AVE. START 4 5 1 6 2 3

WASHINGTON ST.