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James B. Pearson on the Campaign Trail in the 1960S

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James B. Pearson on the Campaign Trail in the 1960S James B. Pearson on the campaign trail in the 1960s. Kansas History: A Journal of the Central Plains 34 (Winter 2011–2012): 296–315 296 KANSAS HISTORY MAN IN THE MIDDLE: The Career of Senator James B. Pearson by Frederick D. Seaton n a warm afternoon in June 1969, Senator James B. Pearson retreated to his office in the New Senate Office Building on Capitol Hill, taking a stack of papers and books with him. When he emerged two hours later, he had made up his mind to oppose one of President Richard M. Nixon’s most controversial national security programs, the Safeguard anti-ballistic missile system. A Republican senator from Kansas might be expected to go along with his president on such a matter. A moderate conservative, Pearson had served on the Armed Services OCommittee and was friendly with some of the Senate’s leading Cold War hawks. But Pearson was in the Senate because he had successfully challenged conventional thinking in his party back home. In the middle of his first full term he was about to step into a heated debate over President Nixon’s strategic arms policies, a debate in which most of his allies would be Democrats or liberal Republicans. He would try to persuade his constituents to agree with him that opposition to the construction and deployment of Safeguard was justified on the basis of “the necessity, the cost, the effect upon both the arms race and arms limitation negotiations.” He understood this would be difficult. The quiet, adopted Kansan did not rely on staff, consultants, or lobbyists to do his thinking for him, especially on an issue of this magnitude. He did it himself, weighing the political risks by his own lights.1 Frederick D. “Dave” Seaton is chairman of the Winfield Publishing Company. He was the press secretary and a legislative aide to Senator Pearson from 1969 through 1974. Seaton is the author of “The Long Road to the Right Thing to Do: The Troubled History of Winfield State Hospital,” an article inKansas History: A Journal of the Central Plains 27 (Winter 2004–2005). The author acknowledges with gratitude the participation of oral historian Professor Tom Lewin of the University of Kansas, Lawrence, in several interviews for this article. 1. James B. Pearson to Rev. Herman Johnson, North Newton, Kansas, August 28, 1969, General, 1969, box 69, folder 24, “Leg: Defense—ABM,” James B. Pearson Collection, Senatorial Papers, 1962–1978, Kenneth Spencer Research Library, University of Kansas Libraries, Lawrence (hereafter cited as “Pearson Papers”); “The ABM,” James B. Pearson United States Senator Reports to Kansas (senator’s newsletter to constituents) 8 (June 1969), Column and Newsletter Series, Pearson Papers. The author worked with Senator Pearson on his June 1969 newsletter on the Safeguard issue. THE CAREER OF SENATOR JAMES B. PEARSON 297 ames Blackwood Pearson was born May 7, 1920, in Nashville, Tennessee, the son and grandson of Methodist ministers. Both his father and mother came from prominent middle Tennessee families. TheJ family followed his father’s assignments to churches in Missouri, Alabama, Virginia, and elsewhere in the South. These frequent moves notwithstanding, Pearson was reared in traditional southern fashion. As a child he had a black nanny, Caroline, who called him “honey chile” and refused to cut his long locks. Pearson was an independent-minded, enterprising youth, saving money from his newspaper route to buy model airplanes. He loved electric trains and built a HAM radio set that fascinated his family, according to his sister, Virginia.2 The family finally settled into a home of its own on a rural property near Lynchburg, Virginia. Later, as a United States Senator, Pearson recalled visits to his father’s study in the Lynchburg house by Virginia politicians, including Senator Carter Glass, who became secretary of the treasury under President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Perhaps no two men were more central to Senator Pearson’s meteoric Pearson attended Duke University but dropped out and rise in Kansas politics than Richard Rogers (left) and John Anderson, joined the Navy. During World War II he flew transport Jr. (right), captured together here at a 1962 campaign picnic. Pearson managed Anderson’s 1960 gubernatorial campaign, and the governor aircraft, mostly DC-3s, from coast to coast, landing appointed his friend and ally to a vacant U.S. Senate seat a year after frequently at the Olathe Naval Air Station near Kansas taking office. To Anderson’s chagrin, Pearson was never able to get City. He was discharged from the Naval Air Transport the former governor his dream job, a federal judgeship. After his final 3 failed attempt to put Anderson forward, Pearson got together with Service with the rank of lieutenant commander. Kansas’s junior senator, Bob Dole, and agreed on Manhattan attorney Pearson was attracted to the openness of mid- Richard Rogers, who had previously served as Pearson’s campaign westerners, according to his son, Bill. The Navy flier met manager, a state senator, and chairman of the Kansas Republican Party. Rogers was nominated for the U.S. District Court of Kansas Martha Mitchell, the daughter of a prosperous Kansas and confirmed during the summer of 1975. City family, at a dance on the base. James Mitchell, Martha’s father, owned a string of grain elevators across the state. The young couple married and Pearson, after Pearson was thoughtful, enjoyed serious conversation, earning a bachelor’s degree at the College of Lynchburg and had a quick sense of humor that helped make him and a law degree at the University of Virginia, settled popular among his colleagues. He was more interested down with his new family in suburban Johnson County, in issues than party politics, but found he had a knack for Kansas, where he opened a law practice in the growing the details of political campaigning. After serving as city town of Mission. Pearson was uncomfortable with attorney for three Johnson County towns, Westwood, his rather stiff and formal father-in-law, who tried to Fairway, and Lenexa, and as a probate judge, Pearson persuade Pearson to join the grain business. He refused was elected to the Kansas Senate in 1956, filling the seat and instead invested in property in Mission and pursued left open by John Anderson, Jr., of Olathe, who had been his law career.4 appointed attorney general. As a state senator Pearson involved himself in issues related to cities and towns. He 2. Virginia Green to author, July 24, 2004, author’s personal also followed his personal interests and took a seat on the collection. Industrial Development and Aeronautics Committee. He 3. “Biography,” online guide to the Pearson Papers; “James Blackwood Pearson,” Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, served on the Judiciary and Municipalities committees 1774–2005 (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 2005), and chaired the Savings and Loan Committee. Pearson available online at http://www.senate.gov/reference/reference_ item/Biographical_Directory.htm. supported reform of the process for selecting state 4. William Pearson, interview by author, Overland Park, Kansas, supreme court justices and sponsored a bill to create a January 16, 2010, author’s personal collection; Green to the author, July 24, 2004. juvenile justice code. “Pearson was always a reformer,” 298 KANSAS HISTORY said Glee Smith, former Kansas Senate president who n 1960 a new generation of political leadership served with Pearson. Clifford Hope, Jr., of Garden City emerged in America. John F. Kennedy won the also served with Pearson and became a lifelong friend. presidency and youth was suddenly a strength in “While the others went to the Jayhawk [Hotel] to drink,” politics. Pearson, then forty, showed a tendency Hope said, “we would go to the movies. Of course, we to distance himself from the old guard that would drank some, too.” When Anderson, a former Johnson Icharacterize his later career in the Senate. Kansas City Star County attorney, ran for Kansas attorney general in 1958, reporter Alvin S. McCoy described Pearson as “a friendly, Pearson managed his campaign. When Anderson ran for gregarious type, who seldom irritates anyone.” McCoy governor in 1960, Pearson again managed his campaign, went on to say “the older Republicans regarded him and personally flew the candidate in a private plane to with affection, something in the manner of a wayward events across the state.5 son who may vote against them on occasion when they The two “young Turks” successfully challenged become too conservative, but who is to be forgiven his leaders of a Republican Party dominated by a generation aberrations as due to the impetuosity of youth.” This of older, mostly rural political princes. Frederick Lee kind of tolerance on the part of the old guard was less “Fred” Hall, an unorthodox progressive from Dodge City, evident when it came to Anderson, whose aggressive had won the governor’s office in 1954 with support from prosecutions and refusal to support powerful interests Democrats, opening the way for change in the Grand made him some enemies in Kansas City, Kansas, during Old Party. Among the long-time leaders challenged by his time as Johnson County attorney and later as attorney Anderson and Pearson were former Governor Edward general. Along with his image as a courageous crime F. “Ed” Arn of Wichita, senator and former Speaker of fighter, Anderson had a reputation for being unguarded the House Paul R. Wunsch of Kingman, state Senator and sometimes dilatory. These characteristics apparently Steadman Ball of Atchison, and newspaper publisher showed themselves during his 1960 campaign. In a McDill “Huck” Boyd of Phillipsburg. Harry Darby, the hint of the future relationship between the two allies, GOP kingmaker in Kansas City, Kansas, was among McCoy reported that Pearson said of Anderson, “If John them.
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