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Rajasthan Geography

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Rajasthan Geography Rajasthan Geography RAS Pre Syllabus as per RPSC, Ajmer 1. Broad physical features and Major physiographic divisions. 2. Natural Resource of Rajasthan- Climate, Natural Vegetation, Forests, Wildlife and Biodiversity 3. Major irrigation projects 4. Mines and Minerals. 5. Population 6. Major Industries and Potential for Industrial Development www. Aswa TH institue.com RAS Pre Syllabus as per RPSC, Ajmer 1 Broad physical features and Major physiographic divisions 8 Introduction 8 Physiography of Rajasthan 13 Western Sandy Plain/Desert Plain 15 1. Sandy Arid Plain 17 Sandy Arid Plain subdivided into two parts 18 2. Semi-Arid Plain or Rajasthan Bangar 20 Semi-Arid Plain/Rajasthan Bangar subdivided into: 20 Aravalli regions 21 Aravalli hills divided into: 22 Southern Aravalli Area(from Abu to Ajmer) 22 Central Aravalli area (from Ajmer to Jaipur) 23 Northern Aravalli area (from Jaipur to Khetri) 23 Eastern Plain 24 Eastern plain subdivided into 24 Chambal Basin 24 Banas-Banganga Basin 24 Middle Mahi-Chhappan Basin 25 South-East Rajasthan Plateau 25 Vindhyan Scrap 26 Deccan Lava Plateau 26 River/Drainage System 26 Rivers Draining into Bay of Bengal 28 River Draining into the Arabian Sea 32 River of Inland Drainage 35 Lakes 36 Saline water lake 36 Sambhar lake 37 Pachpadra lake 37 Lunkaransar lake 38 Didwana lake 38 Fresh water lake 39 Jaisamand lake(Dhebar Lake) 39 Pichhola lake 40 Fateh Sagar lake 40 www. Aswa TH institue.com Udai Sagar 40 Rajsamand lake 40 Bal Samanad 41 Kolayat Lake 41 Anasagar lake 41 Fai Sagar lake 41 Pushkar lake 41 Nakki Lake 41 Siliserh lake 42 Note: 42 Climate 42 Seasons of Rajasthan 43 Climatic Region 47 Koppen Classification 50 Agro-Climatic Zone(Rajasthan) 51 Natural Vegetation 52 Distribution of Forests 53 Types of Forest 54 Tropical Thorny Forests 54 Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests 55 Sub-Tropical Mountain/evergreen Forest 58 Importance of Forests for Rajasthan 58 There are direct and indirect advantages of forests. 59 Note: 59 Recent Scheme of Forest Department 59 Scheme (Centre) 59 Additional Information (Rajasthan) 60 Soil 60 Types of Soil 62 Desert Soil/sandy 62 Red-Yellow Soil 63 Laterite Soil 63 Mixed Red and Black Soil 64 Black Soil 64 Alluvial Soil 64 Soil Problem 65 Soil Erosion 65 The problem of Soil Fertility Loss 66 www. Aswa TH institue.com National Park, Wildlife Sanctuary and Conservation Reserve 67 National Park 67 National Park(Rajasthan) 67 Keoladeo Ghana National Park, Bharatpur 67 Ranthambore National Park, Sawai Madhopur 68 Mukundara National Park, Kota 68 Sariska National Park, Alwar 68 Desert National Park 69 Wildlife Sanctuary 69 Wildlife Sanctuary(Rajasthan) 70 Mount Abu WS 70 Kumbhalgarh WS 71 Tal Chhapar WS 71 National Chambal WS, Sawai Madhopur 72 Sita Mata WS 72 Phulwari Ki Nal WS, Udaipur 73 Todgarh-Raoli WS 74 Sajjangarh WS 74 Bassi WS 74 Bandh Bharatha WS 75 Bhainsrorgarh WS 75 Jaisamand WS 76 Jamwa Ramgarh WS 76 Kailadevi WS 76 Nahargarh WS 76 Ramsagar WS 77 Kaisarbagh WS 77 Ramgarh Vishdhari WS 77 Sawai Madhopur WS 78 Sawai Man Singh WS 78 Shergarh WS 78 Van Vihar WS 78 Conservation Reserve 78 Major Irrigation Project 80 Indira Gandhi Canal Project(Rajasthan Canal) 80 Bhankhra-Nangal Project 81 Beas Project 82 Chambal Project 83 Mahi Bajaj Project 85 www. Aswa TH institue.com Narmada Canal 85 Gang Canal 86 Rajiv Gandhi Sidhmukh Nohar Project 86 Bisalpur Project 87 Jaipur Zone 89 Kota Zone 89 Udaipur Zone 90 Jodhpur Zone 90 Medium Irrigation Project district wise 90 Jhalawar 90 Kota 91 Pali 91 Pratapgarh 91 Tonk 92 Chittorgarh 92 Rajsamand 93 Jalore 93 Jaipur 93 Sawai Madhopur 94 Dausa 94 Alwar 94 Bundi 94 Udaipur 95 Baran 95 Ajmer 96 Bhilwara 96 Karauli 96 Sirohi 97 Sikar 97 Jodhpur 97 Dungarpur 97 Dholpur 98 Bharatpur 98 Mines and Minerals 98 Minerals 99 Copper 99 Gold 100 Iron-Ore 101 Lead, Zinc and Silver 101 Tungsten 102 www. Aswa TH institue.com Manganese 103 Uranium 103 Limestone 104 Beryllium 104 Mica 105 Bismuth 105 Wollastonite 106 Tin 106 Vermiculite 106 Silica Sand 107 Steatite 107 Asbestos 108 Baryte 108 Bauxite 109 China Clay 109 Dolomite 110 Feldspar 110 Fluorite 110 Gypsum 111 Graphite(Black Lead) 112 Fuller’s Earth(Multani Mitti) 112 Kyanite 112 Magnesite 112 Nickel 113 Rock Phosphate(Phosphorite) 113 Pyrite 114 Mining Department 114 Population: Growth, Density, Distribution, Sex-Ratio, Literacy 115 Population(Rajasthan) 115 Density 116 Sex-ratio 117 Literacy 118 Male Literacy 119 Female Literacy 120 Rajasthan: Rural and Urban Population(2011) 121 Rural 121 Urban 121 Schedule Caste Population 122 Schedule Tribe Population 122 Tribe Population 123 www. Aswa TH institue.com Major Industries and Potential for Industrial Development 123 Major Industries 123 Cotton Textile Industry 124 Rajasthan State Handloom Development Corporation(RHDC) 124 Wool Clothes Industry 125 Central Wool Development Board(Ministry of Textile, India) 125 Sugar Industry 126 Cement Industry 126 Glass Industry 127 Paper Industry 127 Silk textile Industry 127 Salt Industry 128 Sambhar Salts Limited (SSL) 129 Chemical Industry 129 Engineering Industry 129 Industrial Overview 130 Index of Industrial Production(IIP) 130 Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises(MSME) 131 In the state, various policies measures to promote and support MSME enterprises are implemented are: 131 Exports 131 For the development of exports, the state introducing various export promotion initiatives such as: 132 Department responsible for the Industrial development of Rajasthan 133 Department of Industries 133 Programmes/Schemes of Industrial Development 133 Bureau of Investment Promotion(BIP) 134 Rajasthan State Industrial Development and Investment Corporation Limited(RIICO) 134 The Key progress made by RIICO 134 Innovative Schemes/Initiatives taken up by the Corporation. 135 Rajasthan Small Industries Corporation Limited(RAJSICO) 136 Rajasthan Financial Corporation(RFC) 136 Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor(DMIC) 138 Khadi and Village Industries (KVI) 138 Mining Sector 139 Rajasthan State Mines and Minerals Limited(RSMML) 139 Oil and Natural Gas 139 Labour 140 Employment Department 141 www. Aswa TH institue.com Rajasthan Skill and Livelihoods Development Corporation(RSLDC) 141 Mukhya Mantri Yuva Kaushal Yojana(MMYKY) 141 Additional Information: 142 Broad physical features and Major physiographic divisions Introduction 1. Rajasthan lies in the north-western part of India and the north-eastern part of the world. a. www. Aswa TH institue.com 2. Location a. Longitude = 69°30' to 78°17' East ; (Distance = 8°47') i. The local Time difference between the east(Dhoplur) to west(Jaisalmer) part of Rajasthan is about 35 minute 08 second due to a longitudinal difference of 8°47'. b. Latitude = 23°3' to 30°12' North ; (Distance = 7°9') 3. Total Area of Rajasthan = 3.42 Lakh sq. Km a. The state’s total area is 10.43% of India’s total area and India’s biggest state. b. Rajasthan is equal to Germany in area, slightly larger than Japan, 5 times larger than Sri Lanka and more than 17 times larger than Israel. 4. Tropic of Cancer passes through the southern district, namely Banswara, Dungarpur of Rajasthan. 5. The total land boundary of Rajasthan = 5,920 Km www. Aswa TH institue.com 6. Rajasthan boundary with other states and Country a. North direction: Punjab b. North-east direction: Haryana and Uttar Pradesh c. East and South-east direction: Madhya Pradesh d. South and South-west direction: Gujarat e. West direction: Pakistan i. The international boundary lies between Rajasthan and Pakistan is a length of 1070 Km, known as the Redcliffe line. 1. 1070 Km = Hindumalkot(Ganganagar) to Shahgarh(Barmer) ii. iii. Jaisalmer(464 Km) > Barmer(228 Km) > Ganganagar(210 Km) > Bikaner(168 Km) are the border districts. 7. Extension a. East to West(Length) = 869 Km i. East: Village - Jagmohan ka pura, Silavat( Tehsil - Rajakhera, Dholpur) ii. West: Village - Kharanta(Tehsil - Jaisalmer, Jaisalmer) www. Aswa TH institue.com b. c. North to South(Broad) = 826 Km i. North: Village - Konna(Tehsil - Ganganagar, Ganganagar) ii. South: Village - Borkund chota(Tehsil - KhushalGarh, Banaswara) d. Long - Broad = 869 - 826 Km = 43Km (Difference) 8. Districts of Rajasthan, the border with other states are a. Districts(Rajasthan) States Barmer, Jalore, Sirohi, Udaipur, Gujarat Dungarpur, Banswara Banswara, Pratapgarh, Madhya Pradesh Chittorgarh, Bhilwara, Kota, Jhalawar, Baran, Sawai Madhopur, Karauli, Dholpur Dholpur, Bharatpur Uttar Pradesh Bharatpur, Alwar, Jaipur, Sikar, Haryana Jhunjhunu, Churu, Hanumangarh Hanumangarh Punjab Ganganagar 9. Physical Features www. Aswa TH institue.com a. Tethys sea: i. Most of the western and north-western part of Rajasthan is the Residue of Tethys sea. ii. Over time, parts of Rajasthan got filled with alluvium deposits by the rivers descending from the Himalayas. iii. Salt lakes of the state like Sambhar, Deendwana, Pachpadra, Lunkaransar etc., are the remains of the Tethys sea. b. Gondwanaland i. Aravallis and Deccan plateau are part of Gondwanaland. 1. Aravallis are one of the oldest mountains in the world. 2. Aravallis act as the major water-divide, making two divisions of the state. c. The state’s physical features represent the cumulative effect of endogenic movements, geological structure, denudation, and drainage pattern. d. The state’s relief comprises mountains, plains, plateaus and deserts in which materials are ranging from the oldest rocks to newer alluvium. www. Aswa TH institue.com Physiography of Rajasthan 1. Aravalli Range a. The range runs across the state from the Southwest peak of Guru Shikhar (Mount Abu), which is 1,722 m in height, to Khetri(Jhunjhunu) in the Northeast. b. The range divides the state into two parts, 60% in the northwest and 40% in the southeast. 2. Northwest tract a. The tract is sandy and unproductive with little water present in the soil. b. Still, it improves gradually from desert land in the far west and northwest to comparatively fertile and habitable land towards the east.
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