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Ereğli (Konya) Yöresinde Yetişen Makromantarlarin Belirlenmesi

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Ereğli (Konya) Yöresinde Yetişen Makromantarlarin Belirlenmesi EREĞLİ (KONYA) YÖRESİNDE YETİŞEN MAKROMANTARLARIN BELİRLENMESİ Fahri Tunahan ÇEVİK Yüksek Lisans Tezi Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı Prof. Dr. Abdullah KAYA Ağustos-2019 T.C. KARAMANOĞLU MEHMETBEY ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ EREĞLİ (KONYA) YÖRESİNDE YETİŞEN MAKROMANTARLARIN BELİRLENMESİ YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ Fahri Tunahan ÇEVİK Anabilim Dalı: Biyoloji Tez Danışmanı: Prof. Dr. Abdullah KAYA KARAMAN-2019 TEZ BİLDİRİMİ Yazım kurallarına uygun olarak hazırlanan bu tezin yazılmasında bilimsel ahlak kurallarına uyulduğunu, başkalarının eserlerinden yararlanılması durumunda bilimsel normlara uygun olarak atıfta bulunulduğunu, tezin içerdiği yenilik ve sonuçların başka bir yerden alınmadığını, kullanılan verilerde herhangi bir tahrifat yapılmadığını, tezin herhangi bir kısmının bu üniversite veya başka bir üniversitedeki başka bir tez çalışması olarak sunulmadığını beyan ederim. Fahri Tunahan ÇEVİK ÖZET Yüksek Lisans Tezi EREĞLİ (KONYA) YÖRESİNDE YETİŞEN MAKROMANTARLARIN BELİRLENMESİ Fahri Tunahan ÇEVİK Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı Danışman: Prof. Dr. Abdullah KAYA Ağustos, 2019, 115 sayfa Bu çalışma Ereğli (Konya) yöresinde yetişen makromantarlar üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. 2017-2019 yılları arasında düzenli olarak bölgede gerçekleştirilen arazi çalışmaları sonucunda 421 makromantar örneği toplanmıştır. Örneklerin ekolojik özellikleri not edilerek doğal ortamlarında resimlenmiştir. Laboratuvar ortamına getirilen örnekler kurutularak fungaryum materyali haline getirilmiş, gerekli teşhis işlemleri sonucunda 8 sınıf, 14 takım, 40 familya ve 74 cinse ait 90 tür tanımlanmıştır. Belirlenen türlerden 30 tanesi Ascomycota, 60 tanesi ise Basidiomycota bölümüne aittir. Tespit edilen taksonlardan Trichoglossum walteri (Berk.) E.J. Durand (Geoglossaceae) ve Tulostoma niveum Kers (Agaricaceae) Türkiye için yeni kayıttır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Biyoçeşitlilik, Makromantar, Taksonomi, Ereğli, Konya i ABSTRACT Ms Thesis DETERMINATION OF MACROFUNGI GROWING IN EREĞLİ (KONYA) REGION Fahri Tunahan ÇEVİK Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Department of Biology Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Abdullah KAYA August, 2019, 115 pages This study was carried out on the macrofungi growing in Ereğli (Konya) district. 421 macrofungi samples were collected during periodical field trips between 2017-2019. Ecological properties were noted and they were photographed at their natural habitats. The samples are transferred to the lab and they were dried and prepared as fungarium materials. As a result of necessary identification processes, 90 taxa belonging to 8 classis, 14 orders, 40 families and 74 genera were determined. Thirty of them belong to Ascomycota and sixty belong to Basidiomycota. Two, Trichoglossum walteri (Berk.) E.J. Durand (Geoglossaceae) and Tulostoma niveum Kers (Agaricaceae) of the determined taxa are new records for Turkey. Keywords: Biodiversity, Macrofungus, Taxonomy, Ereğli, Konya ii ÖN SÖZ Mantarlar biyosferin önemli bileşenlerindendir. Madde döngülerinde aktif rol oynarlar ve ekolojik yönden çok önemlidirler. Yapısal farklılıkları nedeniyle günümüzde farklı bir âlem olarak sınıflandırılmışlardır. İnsanların mantarlara olan ilgisi temelde besin olarak kullanılmalarından kaynaklanır. Ölümcül zehirlere sahip olmalarının yanında halüsinojenik ve uyuşturucu etki göstermeleri bu ilgiyi arttırmıştır. Günümüzde yüksek protein oranları nedeniyle beslenme diyetlerinde sıklıkla kullanılmaktadırlar. Ülkemizin makromantar biyoçeşitliliğinin ortaya konulabilmesi için çalışmalar devam etmektedir. Toprak üzerinde görülebilen büyük fruktifikasyonlara sahip mantarların dışında, farklı habitatlara sahip çeşitliliğinin fazla olması bu çalışmaları zorlaştırmaktadır. Ülkemizde makromantar çeşitliliği çalışılmamış bölgeler bulunmaktadır. Bu bilgiler ışığında, Ereğli yöresinin makromantarlarını belirlemek için yapılan bu çalışmayla ülkemiz mikotasına katkı sağlamak ve bölge halkını bilgilendirmek hedeflenmiştir. Araştırma alanının seçiminde ve Yüksek Lisans eğitimim ile tez çalışmamın her aşamasında yakın ilgi ve önerileriyle çalışmalarımı yönlendiren, yardımlarını esirgemeyen, görüş ve düşüncelerime destek veren kıymetli hocam Prof. Dr. Abdullah KAYA’ya, arazi ve laboratuvar çalışmalarım esnasında her zaman desteğini gördüğüm Yasin UZUN’a, laboratuvarda çalışma imkânı sağlayan Biyoloji Bölümü yöneticilerine ve tüm hayatım boyunca maddi manevi desteğini hiçbir zaman esirgemeyen kıymetli aileme teşekkür ederim. Fahri Tunahan ÇEVİK Ağustos, 2019 iii İÇİNDEKİLER Sayfa ÖZET ................................................................................................................................ i ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... ii ÖN SÖZ .......................................................................................................................... iii İÇİNDEKİLER .............................................................................................................. iv ÇİZELGELER DİZİNİ ............................................................................................... viii ŞEKİLLER DİZİNİ ....................................................................................................... ix SİMGELER VE KISALTMALAR DİZİNİ ............................................................... xii 1. GİRİŞ ........................................................................................................................... 1 2. LİTERATÜR ÖZETİ ................................................................................................ 3 3. MATERYAL METOT ............................................................................................ 25 3.1. Araştırma Alanının Durumu .................................................................................... 25 3.1.1. Coğrafi Özellikleri ................................................................................................ 25 3.1.2. İklim ve Bitki Örtüsü ............................................................................................ 26 3.1.3. Toprak Özellikleri ................................................................................................. 28 3.2. Materyal ................................................................................................................... 29 3.3. Metot ........................................................................................................................ 29 3.3.1. Arazi Çalışması ..................................................................................................... 29 3.3.2. Laboratuvar Çalışması .......................................................................................... 30 4. BULGULAR .............................................................................................................. 32 4.1. Teşhisi Yapılan Mantarların Sistematiği. ................................................................ 32 4.2. Teşhisi Yapılan Mantarların Bölgedeki Yayılışı ..................................................... 40 4.2.1. Patellaria atrata (Hedw.) Fr. ................................................................................ 40 4.2.2. Trichoglossum walteri (Berk.) E.J. Durand .......................................................... 40 4.2.3. Helvella acetabulum (L.) Quél. ............................................................................ 40 4.2.4. Helvella atra J. König ........................................................................................... 41 4.2.5. Helvella fibrosa (Wallr.) Korf .............................................................................. 41 4.2.6. Helvella lacunosa Afzel. ....................................................................................... 41 4.2.7. Helvella leucomelaena (Pers.) Nannf. .................................................................. 41 4.2.8. Helvella spadicea Schaeff. ................................................................................... 41 4.2.9. Morchella elata Fr. ............................................................................................... 41 iv 4.2.10. Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers. ............................................................................ 42 4.2.11. Verpa bohemica (Krombh.) J. Schröt. ................................................................ 42 4.2.12. Peziza succosa Berk. ........................................................................................... 42 4.2.13. Sarcosphaera coronaria (Jacq.) J. Schröt. ......................................................... 42 4.2.14. Terfezia claveryi Chatin ...................................................................................... 42 4.2.15. Geopora sumneriana (Cooke) M. Torre ............................................................. 42 4.2.16. Geopyxis vulcanalis (Peck) Sacc. ....................................................................... 42 4.2.17. Humaria hemisphaerica (F.H. Wigg.) Fuckel .................................................... 43 4.2.18. Inermisia gyalectoides (Svrček & Kubička) Dennis & Itzerott .......................... 43 4.2.19. Octospora itzerottii Benkert ............................................................................... 43 4.2.20. Otidea alutacea (Pers.) Massee... ....................................................................... 43 4.2.21. Parascutellinia violacea (Velen.) Svrček ..........................................................
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