Volume 3, Issue 1, Jan-Apr, 2020. Phytological Role of Legume Seed (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) Twinkle Chauhan1, Anita Chauhan2* and Priyanka Chaudhary2 1PG Student, Department of Botany, DPG Degree College, Gurugram, Haryana 2Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, DPG Degree College, Gurugram, Haryana *Corresponding Author: anitasnm1@ gmail.com Abstract In Ancient times terrestrial plants and their extracts have been used as medicines. Guar is hardy and drought-tolerant and is mainly grown in the semi arid and subtropical areas of North and North-West India (notably in Rajahstan) and East and South-East Pakistan. Around the world, India is the biggest producer of guarbean of the total production. It belongs to belongs to genus Cyamopsis family fabecaeae. Legume seeds have received attention as function food because of their nutritive value including fibres, vitamins, flavonoids and phenolic acids. The guar or cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) is basically a legume and the source of guar gum. The seed pods grow in clusters giving guar the common name cluster- bean. Guar is one of the therapeutic plant exhibiting antisecretory, antimicrobial, antiasthmatic, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, hypoglycemic and anti- hyperglycemic properties. Numerous bioactives have been reported in this plant. Guar is a multi-purpose plant mostly used as a source of galactomannan gum, which is used as a thickener and stabilizer in foods such as salad dressings, ice cream and yoghurt. The present study investigates the several phytological properties of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) seeds. Keywords: Antiulcer; Fabaceae, Flavonoids; Legume; Secondary metabolites Introduction grown in Pakistan as a cash crop and other Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) is a parts of the world such as Australia, legume crop belongs to family Fabaceae Bangladesh, Brazil, Myanmar, South (Leguminaceae). Guar is a drought-hardy, Africa, Southwestern USA and Sri Lanka to deep-rooted[1], annual legume crop which a limited extent[1]. It is a drought tolerant grown in the summer season.It is believed and annual consumed by live –stock and that the name Guar have arisen from the humans both. Guar grows upto a height of Sanskrit word gau and ahaar, which mean 2-3 metre. It has main single stem which cow and fodder respectively. In India, Guar may be branched or unbranched. Leaves are is mainly grown in dry habitats of Haryana, elongated, oval and 5-10 cm in length and Rajasthan, Gujarat and Punjab. It is also are alternate. The plant grows well in semi- grown in Uttar Pradesh and Madhya arid areas but require frequent rainfall also Pradesh but to limited extent. Two varieties [2]. Root is taproot which access moisture of Guar, one dwarf and other tall are in low soil depths. Its roots are in commonly grown in India[1]. Guar is also association with nitrogen fixing bacteria[2].

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Flower grows in clusters of axil and colour Phylum : Angiosperms vary from bluish to white. Mature seeds of Class : Eudicots Guar are white or gray but excess moisture Order : Fabales turns them black and also reduce their Family : Fabaceae generation capacity. It is a valuable plant as Genus : Cyamopsis it lives in symbiotic association with Species : tetragonoloba nitrogen fixing bacteria[2]. It is assumed that the species is developed Vernacular Names from African species C.senegalensis. Then Cluster beans, guar, siam, bean, guvar bean it further, domesticated in India and etc.

Pakistan [3]. Plant is susceptible to frost [4] . The plant requires sufficient soil moisture Names in other languages before planting and during maturation of  (गवार् ) Gawaar is known in Hindi and seeds [5]. Sometimes, drought period Marathi, delayed maturation.  ( ਗੁਆਰਾ) guara is called in punjabi ,

 Matikkaya in Rayalaseema region, Beans are nutritionally rich in proteins,  Gokarakaya in Telangana region, soluble carbohydrates, and vitamins [6].

Sprouted seeds contain more quantity of vitamins, particularly Vitamin C. Climate Requirements Composition of legumes decrease the Guar is a drought-tolerant and sun-loving concentration of cholesterol [6]. crop, but it is most susceptible to frost. [8] Although, it can cope with little but regular rainfall. [8] Guar is produced near coastal areas in the Gandhidham region of Kutch, Gujarat, India. The crop requires sufficient soil moisture before planting and during the maturation of the seeds. Sometimes, drought leads the maturation period delay. On the other hand, excessive moisture during the early growth phase and after maturation also leads lower seed quality.[9]

Soil Requirements Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) can grows in range of soil types. They require fertile, sandy loam soil that are well-drained. Guar

Fig 1 – Guar bean cluster. [7] grows best in alkaline conditions having a Classification (pH 7-8) and is tolerant to salinity. Its Kingdom : Plantae taproots are in association with rhizobia

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nodules, thus they produce nitrogen-rich biomass and improves soil quality [10].

Cultivation Areas

•Agriculture:- Guar is grown mostly in north-western forage[16] and uses India and Pakistan [11] along with smaller green manure. •Food:- Fibre crops grown in the semi-arid areas of the source[17] high plains of Texas in the US [12] , •Domestic use:- Australia and Africa. The growing areas vegetable[17] centre are on Jodhpur in Rajasthan, India and guar gum where the demand for guar for fractionation produced an agricultural frequently rises in 2012[13]. Now, India becomes the main References producer of cluster bean, and 80% 1. N.A. Kuravadi, …G.S.Randhawa, in production of the world's total, while Agricultural Sustainability, 2013. 2. Undersander D.J., Putnam D.H., Kaminski Rajasthan, Gujarat, Kutch region occupies A.R., Doll J.D., Oblinger E.S. and Gunsolus the largest area (82.1%) of guar cultivation J.L. (1991). Guar. University of Wisconsin- Madison, University of Minnesota [1] Accessed in the country. Besides, cultivation in India, November. the crop is only grown as a cash crop in 3. Mudgil, D ,; Barak, S.; Khatkar, B.S. (2011) different parts of the world. [14] Guar gum : processing , properties and food applications. Commercial growers converted their crops 4. Whistler R.L. and Hymowitz T. (1979). Guar: to guar production to support and enhance agronomy, production, industrial use and the increasing demand of guar and other nutrition. Purdue University Press, West Lafayette. organic crops [15] in the United States. 5. Anderson E. Endosperm mucilage of legumes : occurrence and composition. (1949). 6. S.K. Roy , A.K. Chakrabarti, in Encyclopedia Uses: of Food Science and Nutrition,( 2003). Guar gum is a fibre used as laxative. 7. Cyamopsis – Wikipedia. It is also used for treating diarrhoe, irritable 8. Whistler R.L. and Hymowitz T. (1979). Guar: agronomy, production, industrial use and bowel syndrome(IBS). nutrition. Purdue University Press, West It is used for treating obesity and diabetes. Lafayette. 9. Anderson E. Endosperm mucilage of legumes : Guar is used as cattle fodder.[16] occurrence and composition. (1949). Guar is used as green manure because it 10. Undersander D.J., Putnam D.H., Kaminski increase the yield of crops.[16] A.R., Doll J.D., Oblinger E.S. and Gunsolus J.L. (1991). Guar. University of Wisconsin- Guar beans are nutritious. Madison, University of Minnesota Accessed November. 11. “Guar gum ” Midwest Herbs. 12. "Guar Production" Vernon Agricultural Research & Extension Center, Texas A&M Univ. 2006.

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13. Gardiner Harris (July 16, 2012). "In Tiny Bean, India's Dirt-Poor Farmers Strike Gas-Drilling Gold". The New York Times. Retrieved ( July 17, 2012). 14. Pathak, R.; Singh, S. K.; Singh, M.; Henry, A. (2010). "Molecular assessment of genetic diversity in cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) genotypes". Journal of Genetics. 15. “Organic Fertilizer Crops” . 16. Whistler R.L. and Hymowitz T. (1979). Guar: agronomy, production, industrial use and nutrition. Purdue University Press, West Lafayette. 17. Guarbohne (Cyamopsis tetragonolobus [L.] Taub. [=C. psoralioides DC.])" Accessed November 8, (2012).

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