ANNUAL Report 2017

Home , Gregory Winter, Lennart Ljung (general), Ulf Dinkelspiel

Annual Report 2017 TORVILD AAKVAAG BJARNE AAMODT OLAV AARNA LARS-ERIC AARO KENT ABBÅS ENNO ABEL EGIL ABRAHAMSEN JOHN ABRAHAMSON JONAS ABRAHAMSSON ERIK AGERMAN GUNNAR AGFORS CARLOS AUGUSTO LIRA AGUIAR CHRISTOPHER AHLBERG INGA-BRITT AHLENIUS LENNART AHLGREN GÖRAN AHLSTRÖM KRISTER AHLSTRÖM ESKO AHO MATTI ALAHUHTA HORST ALBACH ANN-CHRISTINE ALBERTSSON PER-ÅKE ALBERTSSON MARCUS ALDÉN HENRIK ALFREDSSON BERT ALLARD THOMAS ALLARD STURE ALLÉN GUNNAR ALMGREN KRISTINA ALSÉR OLLE ALSHOLM LEO ALTING JAVIER ALVAREZ VARA JOHNNY ALVARSSON LOUIS AMÉEN ARNE ANDERSSON BENGT ANDERSSON BERTIL ANDERSSON BRITT-INGER ANDERSSON CURT ANDERSSON EVERT ANDERSSON GÖRAN ANDERSSON INGER ANDERSSON INGVAR ANDERSSON LARS ANDERSSON MATS ANDERSSON ROLAND ANDERSSON ROLF ANDERSSON RUNE ANDERSSON SIV ANDERSSON SVEN-ERIK ANDERSSON THOMAS ANDERSSON TOMAS ANDERSSON ÅKE E ANDERSSON PETER ANDREKSON CARL-GUSTAF ANDRÉN INGEGERD ANNERGREN KARIN ANNERWALL PARÖ MARKUS ANTONIETTI ULLA ANTONSSON MARIA ANVRET MASAHIKO AOKI ANTTI ARJAS JOHN ARMSTRONG CHRISTEL ARMSTRONG- DARVIK ROAR ARNTZEN BERTIL ARONSSON FREDRIK ARP OLOF ARWIDI HANNELE ARVONEN MICHAEL ASHBY LEIF ASP OLA ASPLUND PETER AUGUSTSSON ANTONIA AX:SON JOHNSON VIVECA AX:SON JOHNSON SVEN AXSÄTER ROLF BACK LARS BACKSELL SIGVARD BAHRKE CLAES BANKVALL SERGIO BARABASCHI JOHN S BARAS FRITZ BARK PERCY BARNEVIK MICHEL W. BARSOUM CLAES-GÖRAN BECKEMAN MONICA BELLGRAN CHARLOTTE BENGTSSON EWERT BENGTSSON NILS BENGTSSON STEFAN BENGTSSON ARNE BENNBORN MATS BENNER CARL BENNET BENGT BERG LARS BERG MARTIN BERGDAHL SVEN-GUNNAR BERGDAHL BO BERGGREN THOMAS BERGLIN LARS BERGLUND KARL BERGMAN LARS BERGMAN CLAS BERGSTRÖM HANS BERGSTRÖM LENNART BERGSTRÖM STEN BERGSTRÖM VILLY BERGSTRÖM NICKLAS BERILD LUNDBLAD LARS BERN ANNA BERTILSON LARS BERTMAR KLAUS BIEDERMANN ARTHUR BIENENSTOCK LENNART BILLFALK NING BIN JEAN-PIERRE BIRAT HÅKAN BIRKE HANS BJUR GUNNAR BJURSELL STEN BJURSTRÖM TOMAS BJÖRK ANDERS BJÖRKLUND HANS BJÖRNSSON ANDERS BLOM STINA BLOMBÄCK CARL-HUGO BLUHME KLAUS BOCK CONNY BOGENTOFT ORIOL BOHIGAS GUARDIOLA ERIK BOHLIN HOLGER BOHLIN STAFFAN BOHMAN INGRID BONDE GUNNAR BORG GUNILLA BORGEFORS ANNIKA BORGENSTAM CARL BORREBÆCK HILTJO BOS JAN BOSCH PONTUS BRAUNERHJELM HJALMAR BRISMAR GUNNAR BROCK LEIF BRODÉN ANNETTE BRODIN RAMPE CHARLOTTE BROGREN PER BROMAN BENGT BROMS TORBJÖRN BRORSON KARL BROTZMANN BILL BROX FOLKE BRUNDIN NILS BRUNSSON PEGGY BRUZELIUS DAN BRÄNDSTRÖM RUNAR BRÄNNLUND ANDERS BRÄNNSTRÖM HANS BRÄNNSTRÖM HANS-JÖRG BULLINGER BRITT-MARIE BYSTEDT STIG BYSTEDT GÖRAN BÄCKBLOM FREDRIK BÄCKHED JAN BÄCKLUND PER-OVE BÄCKSTRÖM URBAN BÄCKSTRÖM LARS BÖRJESSON SOFIA BÖRJESSON SANTIAGO CALATRAVA LARS CALMFORS JAN CARLÉN COLIN CARLILE MARTIN CARLSON ULF CARLSON E H ROGER CARLSSON GÖRAN CARLSSON JAN OLOF CARLSSON JANNE CARLSSON JAN-OTTO CARLSSON MÅRTEN CARLSSON SUNE CARLSSON TOMAS CARLSSON THOMAS CARLZON MICHEL CARPENTIER GÖRAN CARS BRYAN CARSBERG CHRISTIAN CASPAR TORD CEDELL KLAS CEDERWALL TORSTEN CEGRELL JÖRGEN CENTERMAN VINTON G CERF ROBERT CHABBAL SOON CHAM TAO EMMANUELLE CHARPENTIER ATTILA CHIKÁN BRADLEY CHMELKA DAL CHOI SOON KUNMO CHUNG TORD CLAESON BRIAN CLARK P. JOHN CLARKSON CHRISTIAN CLAUSEN MÅNS COLLIN PETER COLLIN EDWARD F CRAWLEY INGEMAR CROON PAUL CRUTZEN BARBARA CZARNIAWSKA MAGNUS DAGERSKOG ANDERS DAHL GÖRAN DAHLBERG BO DAHLBOM CLAES DAHLBÄCK JOHN DAHLFORS ERIK DAHLQUIST HANS DALBORG HANS G DANIELMEYER MATS DANIELSSON PER-ERIK DANIELSSON HELEN DANNETUN MAT DARVENIZA CECILIA DAUN WENNBORG PER DAVIDSSON ETIENNE DAVIGNON CARLO DE BENEDETTI THIERRY DE MONTBRIAL CLAES DE NEERGAARD PEIXOTO DE OLIVEIRA PER DELSING BENGT DENNIS GEORGIA DESTOUNI MARIANNE DICANDER ALEXANDERSSON MIKAEL DOLSTEN GUSTAF DOUGLAS DUNCAN DOWSON PETER DOYLE JAMES R DRAKE ANNA DREBER ALMENBERG BRITT-MARIE DROTTZ SJÖBERG ANNA DUBOIS BJARNE DÄCKER CARINA EDBLAD PER-OLOF EDIN BERTIL EDLUND KRISTINA EDSTRÖM GUNNAR EDWALL BO EDVARDSSON BO EGARDT MARIE EHRLING GEORG EHRNROOTH HENRIK EHRNROOTH LENA EK CHRISTIAN EKBERG ANDERS EKBLOM JOHAN EKESIÖÖ BÖRJE EKHOLM DAN EKLUND KLAS EKLUND ANNE-MARIE EKLUND LÖWINDER JAN-OLOF EKLUNDH BO EKMAN ANNA EKSTRÖM MARIE EKSTRÖM TRÄGÅRDH ÅKE EKSTRÖM LENNART ELFGREN BENGT-OLOF ELFSTRÖM PER-JONAS ELIÆSON GUNNAR ELIASSON JONAS ELIASSON HODA ELMARAGHY HÅKAN ELMQVIST ARNE ELMROTH EMAD EL-SHARKAWI PEJE EMILSSON SVEN-OLOF ENFORS SVERRE ENG STEFAN ENGDAHL PETER ENGLUND BJÖRN ENGQUIST OLOF ENGSTRÖM LARS ENGWALL MATS ENGWALL ENE ERGMA BERNT ERICSON K ANDERS ERICSSON MAGNUS ERICSSON STIG ERICSSON TORSTEN ERICSSON CAJ ERIKSSON HÅKAN ERIKSSON LARS-ERIK ERIKSSON LENNART ERIKSSON MIKAEL ERIKSSON OLOF ERIKSSON PER ERIKSSON PER- OLOF ERIKSSON PEKKA ERKKILÄ SVEN ERLANDER GUNNAR ERLANDSSON BIRGIT ERNGREN WOHLIN BENGT ESKILSON HENRIK ESKILSSON SAEID ESMAEILZADEH ULF EWALDSSON LENNART EVRELL INKEN FABER GÖRAN FAGERLUND PER FAHLÉN CHARLES FAIRHURST THOMAS FALK ANNIKA FALKENGREN PETER FALLENIUS WEITANG FAN YVES FARGE HARRY FAULKNER HANS JÜRGEN FEDERSEL KJELL-OLOF FELDT ANDREY MIKHAILOVICH FINKELSTEIN MARTIN FISCHER HELLMUT FISCHMEISTER HARRY FLAM ANDERS FLODSTRÖM STAFFAN FOLESTAD HANS FOLKESSON OTTO FORGACS HANS G FORSBERG KARIN FORSEKE, CBE STURE FORSÉN JACK FORSGREN ERIC FORSSBERG EVA FORSSELL-ARONSSON VLADIMIR FORTOV GRETA FOSSUM ULRIKA FRANCKE HARRY FRANK SIGBRIT FRANKE TORSTEN FRANSSON PATRIC FREDELL LENNART FREDENBERG KERSTIN FREDGA OWE FREDHOLM PAM FREDMAN BILLY FREDRIKSSON HASSE FREDRIKSSON SARAH FREDRIKSSON ÅKE FREDRIKSSON STIG FREYSCHUSS STIG FRIBERG PER ERIK FRICK JONAS FRISÉN HÅKAN FRISINGER TAGE FRISK TOMAS FROM JAN FRYK ULLA-BRITT FRÄJDIN- HELLQVIST LASZLO FUCHS CHRISTER FUGLESANG TAKAHIRO FUJIMOTO VIIVEKE FÅK PATRIK FÄLTSTRÖM EVA FÄRNSTRAND STEFAN FÖLSTER FRODE GALTUNG STEN GATENBECK PAUL GATENHOLM ANDRAS GEDEON ERNST GEIJER ULRIK GELIUS GÖRAN GELLERSTEDT TRYPHON GEORGIOU MAGDALENA GERGER IVAR GIAEVER JAMES GIBBONS MICHAEL GIBBONS ERIC GIERTZ CRISTINA GLAD SERGEI GLAVATSKIH KRISTINA GLIMELIUS THOMAS GLÜCK MARY GOOD SVEN GRAHN CLAES-GÖRAN GRANQVIST ERIC GRANRYD OVE GRANSTRAND MARIANNE GRAUERS INGMAR GRENTHE SALVATORE GRIMALDI HERMANN GRIMMEISS GÖRAN GRIMVALL ROBERT W GRUBBSTRÖM PER GRUNEWALD LENNART GRÅNÄS ANDERS GRÖNLUND BINGLIN GU CHUNYUAN GU SIGMUNDUR GUDBJARNASON PETER GUDMUNDSON WACLAW GUDOWSKI JOHAN GULLICHSEN JAN GULLIKSEN LARS GUNNARSSON LEI GUO FREDRIK GUSTAFSSON JAN-ÅKE GUSTAFSSON LEIF GUSTAFSSON LENA GUSTAFSSON STIG GUNNAR GUSTAVSON SÖREN GYLL PEHR G GYLLENHAMMAR JON HAAG JUSUF HABIBIE BACHARUDDIN MARIE HAFSTRÖM ERIK HAGERSTEN ANDERS HAGFELDT TONY HAGSTRÖM MAGNUS HALL ANDERS HALLBERG BO HALLBERG PER HALLBERG TOMAS HALLÉN KRISTJAN HALLER BENGT HALLSTRÖM BENGT HALSE YLVA HAMBRAEUS BJÖRLING GUNNAR HAMBRAEUS EVA HAMILTON KARL-OLOF HAMMARKVIST ANDERS HAMSTEN HANS HANSON INGEMAR HANSSON SVEN OVE HANSSON VEIKKO HARA MILTON HARRIS GÖRAN HARRYSSON DESMOND HARTFORD NILS HARTLER MARIS HARTMANIS HYOE HATAKEYAMA BO HEDBERG TORBJÖRN HEDBERG ANDERS HEDENSTEDT BO HEDFORS LARS HEIKENSTEN LARS- ÅKE HELGESSON PER HELLMAN MAGNUS HENREKSON JENS HENRIKSSON HANS HENTZELL ANTTI HERLIN GUNILLA HERLITZ ANNE-MARIE HERMANSSON CECILIA HERMANSSON SVEN HERNBERG WOLFGANG A. HERRMANN HANS HERTZ KLAS HESSELMAN KERSTIN HESSIUS OLA HILDINGSSON DAVID HILL MATS HILLERT FOLKE HJALMERS SIGRUN HJELMQUIST THOMAS HJERTBERG SOPHIA HOBER LENNART HOLM BENGT HOLMBERG GUNNAR HOLMBERG INGALILL HOLMBERG KRISTER HOLMBERG LENNART HOLMBERG GUNNAR HOLMDAHL JAN HOLMGREN BERTIL HOLMLUND CARIN HOLMQUIST BJARNE HOLMQVIST PETER HOLMSTEDT BENGT HOLMSTROM ALAIN HONNART MIA HORN AF RANTZIEN HANS HORNUNG LARS HULTKRANTZ LARS HULTMAN BENGT HULTQVIST MIKKO HUPA HANS HENRIK HUSS WILLIAM A HUSTRULID BEVIS HUTCHINSON BENGT NIPPE HYLANDER STAFFAN HÅKANSON CARINA HÅKANSSON HÅKAN HÅKANSSON YNGVE HÅLAND BJÖRN HÄGGLUND STURE HÄGGLUND OLLE HÄGGSTRÖM MARIA HÄLL LARS HÖGBERG ERIK HÖGLUND BERTIL HÖK FREDRIK HÖÖK KRISTINA HÖÖK ANDERS IGEL JAAKKO IHAMUOTILA YUKIO IMANISHI KAZUO INAMORI MARTIN INGVAR LARS IRSTAD ALF ISAKSSON CARL- OLOF JACOBSON ROLAND JACOBSSON ULF JAKOBSSON STEFAN JANSSON ARVYDAS JANULAITIS HENRY JARLSSON DAVID JARVIS PETER JENNERGREN ARNE JERNELÖV ÅKE JERNQVIST JAVIER JIMENEZ ESPRIÚ ROLF JOHANNESSON THOMAS JOHANNESSON INGE JOHANSEN ANN LOUISE JOHANSSON BERNT JOHANSSON BÖRJE JOHANSSON CARL-JOHAN JOHANSSON GUNN JOHANSSON GUNNAR L JOHANSSON GÖRAN JOHANSSON HANS E JOHANSSON HASSE JOHANSSON JAN C JOHANSSON JAN-OLOV JOHANSSON JERKER JOHANSSON KARL HENRIK JOHANSSON LEIF JOHANSSON OLLE JOHANSSON SVENOVE JOHANSSON ULF J JOHANSSON PETER BERGHSEY JOHNSEN PONTUS JOHNSON FILIP JOHNSSON TOM JOHNSTONE LARS JONUNG HENRIK JORDAHL LARS G JOSEFSSON LEIF JOSEFSSON STAFFAN JOSEPHSON FRANÇOIS JUILLET CLAES-ROBERT JULANDER TAPANI JÄRVINEN GUNILLA JÖNSON PÄR JÖNSSON ANNA KADEFORS ARNE KAIJSER MARTTI M KAILA VAHID KALHORI TERJE KALLAND PER KALLSTENIUS MATTI KANKAANPÄÄ CHARLES KAO JAN-ÅKE KARK NILS KARLSON ARNE KARLSSON CHRISTER KARLSSON LENNART KARLSSON JOHAN KARLSTRÖM URBAN KARLSTRÖM BENGT KASEMO KOJI KATO LÁSZLÓ KEVICZKY MARIA KHORSAND TOR KIHLMAN JARI KINARET MERVYN KING ANDERS KINNANDER KOUTA KINOSHITA TÖIVE KIVIKAS LENA KLASÉN PEDER KLEPPE GERT KNUTSSON JUAN KIAT KOH ERIK KOLLBERG KERSTIN KONRADSSON DANICA KRAGIC JENSFELT GERHARD KREYSA TORBJÖRN KRONANDER WOLFGANG KROPP WILHELM KRULL HERMANN KRÄMER UDAY KUMAR JUHANI KUUSI MIRJA KVAAVIK BARTLEY LARS KYLBERG TOMAS KÅBERGER PER KÅGESON BO KÅGSTRÖM ERLAND KÄLLÉN »The Academy’s mission is to promote the engineering and economic sciences and the development of industry for the benefit of society.« IVA’s statutes, §1

CONTENTS

The Academy’s road to gender equality...... 4 Digitalisation...... 8 Sustainable cities...... 24 Competitiveness and entrepreneurship...... 36 Knowledge...... 48 IVA Documentation 2017...... 77 The Academy’s road to gender equality It is a hundred years since Vera Sandberg became Sweden’s first female engineer. Two years later, in 1919, IVA was formed. It would take until 1970 before a woman was elected into the Academy. Thirty years after that IVA appointed its first female President.

Since 1995 women have held leading positions in all parts of the Academy.

Kerstin Niblaeus Member of the Executive Committee (1995)

Irma Åstrand Britt-Marie Bystedt Annual Meeting 1938. Member Division chair (1970) (1995)

The first women to hold leadership positions in society

1917 • • • • • • • • • • • • 1930 • • • • • • • • • 1940 • • • • • • • • • 1950 • • • • • • • • • 1960 • • • • • • • • • 1970 • • • • • • • • • 1980 • • • • • • • • • 1990 • • • • • • • • • 2000 • • • • • • • • • 2010 • • • • • • 2017

Vera Sandberg Kerstin Hesselgren Nanna Swartz Karin Kock Alva Myrdal Margit Sahlin Lil Karhola Wettergren Engineer (1917) Member of Swedish Professor (1937) State Secretary Ambassador (1956) Pastor (1960) Member of listed parliament (1921) (1947)4 company board (1970) In 2017 just over 40 percent of newly elected members are women The percentage of women in various areas of the organisation is increasing. The Executive Committee is the Academy’s executive Body. The chair 42 persons of all of the divisions sit on the Advisory Council. 16 PERCENT 62 60 38 PERCENT PERCENT PERCENT PERCENT

New Executive Academy Executive Body of the Total members Committee Council Business Executives Council members

Lena Treschow Torell President/Chairman (2001/2009)

Lena Olving Sigrun Hjelmqvist Executive Body of the Chairman of the Meeting in Wallenberg Auditorium 2017. Business Executives Business Executives Council (1997) Council (2001)

Birgitta Ulvhammar Karin Söder Lena Wennberg Ingegerd Troedsson Boel Flodgren Wanja Lundby-Wedin Antje Jackelén Director General Political party CEO of listed Speaker of Swedish University vice- Chairman of Archbishop (1978) leader (1985) company (1987) parliament5 (1991) chancellor (1992) LO (2000) (2014) TUULA TEERI – PRESIDENT OF IVA

A strong and competent force in society

uring my first few months as IVA’s teachers in more than 130 municipalities were search, Helene Hellmark Knutsson, gave the President I have had the pleasure of given inspiration and tools to study science and thumbs up to project’s proposal for a long-term Dlistening to the voices of many IVA em- technology. increase in investment in research and innova- ployees, members and representatives of the IVA is also running a programme called tion, and agreed that research results need to Business Executives Council’s member com- Tekniksprånget which is efficiently and in con- be better evaluated and scrutinised. The Minis- panies. This has allowed me to get close to the crete ways, through internships, giving young ter also agreed that the resource allocation sys- heart of the Academy. people a chance to experience what an engineer- tem needs to be overhauled, which is happen- The conversations I have had have rein- ing profession is like. The majority of those coming right now. forced my view of IVA as a strong and compe- pleting an internship go on to higher education. In spring 2018 IVA’s members and members tent force in society. My close relationship with The positive experiences from Tekniksprånget of the Business Executives Council will be invit- IVA stretches back more than a decade when I were the reason we also launched Jobbsprånget. ed to help shape a new, strong strategy for the was inducted as a member. It is exciting and in- In this programme newcomers to Sweden with future. How can we optimise the way we work in spiring for me to now have the task of leading a university degree can show employers what order to better fulfil our mission? In my view the and developing the Academy’s activities. they can do during an internship. The results international perspective is increasingly impor- Naturally, going from a large university to a are excellent. At least seven out of ten are given tant, as is the need to strengthen relationships far smaller organisation like IVA is a big change. a permanent job after just five months. We are with students as well as young researchers and But there are similarities. Both organisations very proud of the fact that Jobbsprånget is a suc- experts throughout the country. play a key role – albeit with different platforms cessful way for Sweden to embrace and benefit Next year we will be celebrating IVA as it be- – in societal development at the intersection of from immigrant talent. The Wallenberg Foun- comes a sprightly centenarian. academia and society, both have the goal of act- dation and the Ministry of Enterprise, Energy The anniversary will also serve as the starting for the common good and working to im- and Communications are both providing sub- ing shot for the next IVA century. And we in- prove our world, and the activities of both or- stantial funding for the programme. tend to make at least as big an imprint as in our ganisations have solid scientific foundations. As one of Sweden’s royal academies, IVA can first 100 years. IVA’s mission is to promote the engineering stand behind H.M. the King’s motto “For Swe- The flagships for these ambitions are called and economic sciences and the advancement of den – with the times”. This is well-reflected in Knowledge and Entrepreneurship. What could business and industry for the benefit of society. our ongoing projects: Smart Industry with a fo- be more important for a country that wants to We have been doing that for almost 100 years. cus on digitalisation of SMEs, Digitalisation for continue to be one of the very best in the world? IVA has impacted Sweden’s development Increased Competitiveness, Good Cities of the both in concrete ways and at the policy level. Future, Prince Daniel’s Fellowship for young Examples of our concrete impact include the entrepreneurs, Climate Crossroads, and Re- education programme Science and Technology source Efficient Business Models and the Cir- for All (NTA). We initiated this programme in cular Economy. partnership with the Royal Swedish Academy of In 2017 our most recent project called Re- Sciences (KVA) exactly 20 years ago. Today we search Outlook presented its conclusions on are digitalising the programme and developing ways to improve publically funded research in Tuula Teeri, NTA Digital. In 2017 school children and their Sweden. Minister for Higher Education and Re- President of IVA

6 7 DIGITALISATION

Digitalisation is changing society in radical ways. Efficient processing of large amounts of data is providing new opportunities in both the private and public sector. But digitalisation is also raising questions about integrity and security.

The robot Pepper at SoftBank Corp’s head office in Tokyo. Pepper is 121 centimetres tall and has cameras, laser instruments and infrared sensors in its head to detect and read human faces. 8–9 10 DIGITALISATION SUSTAINABLE CITIES COMPETITIVENESS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP KNOWLEDGE Digitalisation takes cars to the next level

orget those huge glass car “palaces” along winter tyres and tyre storage – everything is in- »80 or 90 percent approach roads into cities. Sales, service cluded for a fixed monthly fee for two or three Fand spare parts all under one roof. The years. of accidents are era of traditional car dealerships will soon be “This is a new way for people to own a car. over. In the past a car buyer’s main source of in- ‘Own’ here means that you always have access caused by people. formation was the car salesperson at the dealer- to the car when you need it,” says Håkan Sam- A car on autopilot ship. A few years ago the average customer vis- uelsson. ited a dealership five times before the deal was is safer.« sealed. Today one visit is enough. THE GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE industry will face enormous challenges over the next few years. Hå- THE FUTURE IS the compact Volvo Studio in Kung- kan points to three megatrends: digitisation strädgården park in Stockholm. It’s in a prime (connection), self-driving vehicles and electri- location and sells Volvo cars online. Far away fication. There are many forces driving these from traffic routes and big car parks we find trends. Electrification is driven by the climate this important shop window for Volvo. People issue and the need to reduce carbon emissions. can walk up and take a look at the most recent Connection is more a result of the fact that the ABOUT HÅKAN SAMUELSSON models. The cars are on show here the same day technology is now mature and can be used in as new models are presented to the media. The cars,” says Håkan. Håkan Samuelsson has served as President space holds three or four vehicles. “People spend an enormous amount of time & CEO of Volvo Car Group since 2012, and was elected onto the Board of Directors of AB “We don’t need much room for a customer in their cars. That time could be used to do more Volvo in 2016. He has a MSc in Mechanical to be able to see and experience a model in real than just driving, and there are plenty of com- Engineering from the Royal Institute of life. Then they order the car online,” says Hå- panies interested in offering new services,” he Technology (KTH) and he started his industrial kan Samuelsson, CEO of Volvo Cars, as we walk said. career at Scania in Södertälje. Håkan held around the space. Safety is the main driver of the development a variety of positions there for 20 years, primarily in development and production. At If customers want a test drive they can book of self-driving vehicles. the beginning of the 1990s he became head of that online as well. On a computer, phone or “80 or 90 percent of accidents are caused Scania’s operations in Brazil and was stationed tablet customers can easily build their own car by people. A car on autopilot is safer.” People in Sao Paulo. In 1996 he was appointed as Vice – both the exterior and interior – and choose will also like being able to turn on autopilot and President and CSO, overseeing development, from all of the equipment options available. watch a film when they travel between Gothen- production and sourcing. Own, lease or subscribe, there are new options burg and Stockholm,” he says. In 2000 Håkan left Scania to become CEO of available for that as well. the German truck manufacturer MAN. In 2005 he was named Chairman and CEO of the whole THROUGHOUT HIS CAREER in the automotive indus- MAN Group in Munich. Håkan left Germany in VOLVO HAS DONE a Spotify – created a subscrip- try at Scania and MAN, Håkan Samuelsson has 2010 and was elected onto the Board of Volvo tion service called “Care by Volvo.” Insurance, worked on developing and refining new gen- Car Group. He is a member of IVA’s Division for service, pick-up and drop-off at the repair shop, erations of combustion engines – at great cost. Mechanical Engineering.

11 “We have come to the stage where we should ally be able to experience a more and more au- ing wheel. Just like in a plane – they’re good to perhaps not be developing this technology any tonomous and self-driving vehicle. The cars in have for take-off and landing.” further. We need to be bold and embrace a new the Gothenburg test are at level 2 in an inter- technology instead. This is actually the decision national scale of 0 to 5. The highest level is a THE POINT OF self-driving cars is that they will be we’ve taken and communicated.” car that has neither pedals nor a steering wheel. safer on the roads; the risk of traffic accidents Naturally, he has already test-driven Volvo’s That’s the goal of taxi company Uber, which is will be reduced. This is also in line with Volvo’s first electric car. partnering with Volvo. The early phase tests are vision that no one will lose their life or be seri- “It’s fantastic to drive. The torque and accel- being carried out with a driver in the car in San ously injured in a Volvo model after 2020. eration are huge. When you’ve driven around Francisco and Philadelphia in the US. But in order to let the self-driving car loose for a while with an engine that’s completely si- “In Gothenburg our cars are self-driving with in traffic more knowledge is needed on how lent, a rattling engine sounds quite antiquated. autopilot. In the USA Uber is developing a con- people and technology work together. This is At the end of 2017 Volvo Cars started testing cept for a robot taxi based on a basic car from Vol- what Volvo aims to find out in the Gothenburg its self-driving cars in Gothenburg. “Drive Me” vo. The software, sensors etc. are their own. More “Drive Me” project. is the name of the world’s biggest test of driver- calculation capacity is needed, as well as more “It’s not a test of the technology; the hardware less cars for ordinary people in regular traffic. advanced sensors to drive in cities,” says Håkan. has already been tested on tracks and in the lab. The plan is for hundreds of cars to be tested by We need to develop much more in simulations. families on a predetermined route in Gothen- IS THE TECHNOLOGY READY TODAY? There are millions of combinations of things burg. But the test is first starting on a smaller “We still have a long way to go. We’re meas- that can happen in traffic. But what will people’s scale with two families having access to the cars. uring the number of actions the driver needs experience be when the autopilot is on and how The car in question is the XC90 equipped with to take per million kilometres and it needs to fast will the driver be able to take control again if cameras, radar sensors, laser radar (lidar) and get down to zero. So there is still more to do.” there’s a warning signal? That’s what we need to extra computers under the floor of the boot. The Several other large taxi companies, includ- find out, as well as whether people feel safe and driver, pedals and passengers will be filmed to ing Google’s subsidiary Waymo, are conducting trust the systems in the car,” he said. enable Volvo to understand how the test families comprehensive testing with self-driving taxis in The car must be smarter and better at inter- react in traffic. Initially it is just a “pilot assist” places like Phoenix, Arizona. Other than these preting situations and recognising things that system. The car is supposed to stay within the large taxi firms, no one today sees the need for show up in traffic. Volvo calls this “object iden- lines on the road, keep its distance and speed, cars without steering wheels. tification.” and apply the brakes. But the car is capable of “Private drivers will still have them. They’ll “Machine learning is a way for cars to get more than that and the test families will gradu- be buying cars with both autopilot and a steer- better and better at recognising objects such as

12 DIGITALISATION SUSTAINABLE CITIES COMPETITIVENESS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP KNOWLEDGE

dogs, bikes or people. We need to reach a level VOLVO HAS ALREADY chosen an open platform, a newspaper or talking to the family at home at where the car is faster than a human and can see Android, for its services. The reason is simple: the breakfast table. and fully determine if there is a bike out there “If we develop our own operating system and “There will be huge interest in reaching the in the dark. For that we need faster computers our own app it will not be perceived as compet- people who are sitting in their self-driving cars and computing power,” he says. itive. In Android’s app store you can instantly in front of a screen. They have a moment of find 10 navigation systems and 20 weather apps. peace and quiet with time to consume media. SELF-DRIVING CARS NEED to be constantly online. This way it will be more open and simpler, and That’s where TV and the internet come in.” Not because the control systems in the car require it. That would be too slow; all technol- AT VOLVO CARS they are redefining the company ogy for self-driving must be on board. Instead – from being a car manufacturer with a certain being connected provides new possibilities to EBIT target to having a more clearly defined constantly update maps and other information purpose for the business. on things like road surfaces, obstacles and ac- »We will build a “Our aim is to provide safe and sustainable cidents. million electric mobility. We do this with technology and the “A driver naturally wants to know if there’s a commitments we have set out: no one will lose traffic stop a hundred metres ahead or if there’s cars; people will their life in a Volvo; we will build a million elec- been a crash. Cars that have passed the crash tric cars; people will have an extra week of qual- site will have already registered it. The infor- have an extra week ity time,” says Håkan. mation is gathered in a cloud service and then of quality time.« Obviously this is also a means of attracting downloaded by other drivers,” he says. talent to the company. Even though the Gothen- Crowdsourcing of information from vehi- burg area is red hot, Håkan says the car manu- cles will require standards and cooperation facturer has no problems recruiting people. He between car manufacturers for data sharing. points to the fact that Volvo Cars is at the top of Probably some other type of consortium will more suppliers will develop new services. We the list of employers, alongside Google and Spo- be needed where companies that collect in- often work with partner brands. We can’t be the tify, when students at Sweden’s technical uni- formation will also share it. According to Hå- leader in every area,” he says. versities name their dream employer. kan Samuelsson, discussions about this are Volvo’s third vision for the future is for self- “To be successful in recruitment we need to already under way. driving cars to give people more time. A wasted have exciting development and projects under “We will have a very good idea of what things hour in a traffic jam could be used for some- way. That’s crucial,” he says. “And of course we look like in Stockholm and Gothenburg. But not thing more productive when people are stuck in need to be profitable, otherwise we wouldn’t be as good as in Munich and Hamburg.” their car – holding a business meeting, reading able to go on.”

MEETINGS 2017: DIGITALISATION

15 May in Stockholm 13 September in Stockholm Cyber security – Challenges 5G – Headless and driverless? Swedish businesses Seminar – IVA’s Basic and Seminar – IVA’s Mechanical Interdisciplinary Engineering Engineering and Information Sciences division Technology divisions

26 January in Stockholm 6 September in Ludvika The Digital Revolution – from idea to Digitalisation – How will consumer experience with Electrolux your business meet the challenges? Breakfast meeting with Jonas Samuelson Seminar – IVA’s Smart Industry project, – IVA’s Business Executives Council Samarkand and Region Dalarna

13 DIGITALISATION SUSTAINABLE CITIES COMPETITIVENESS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP KNOWLEDGE

Technology shift challenges all of society

an Nygren is the Chairman of the Steering “Hacking or human error can have devastat- Ensuring a diverse range supply of talent is Committee for IVA’s new project Digitalisa- ing consequences. In order to take the bold step essential if the potential benefits of digitalisa- Jtion for Increased Competitiveness. of fully utilising the potential of digitalisation, tion are to be fully realised. “Digitalisation is technology that is creating we need to understand the risks involved. IVA “The skills we need are of course in systems new conditions and opportunities. It’s quite sim- is a good platform for analysing both opportu- and engineering. But it’s equally important for ply a facilitator,” he says. nities and risks.” the people who will be using what the engineers It is a broader concept than we often real- Jan Nygren’s experiences from serving on the develop to learn the right skills as well. People’s ise: extreme computer power, big data, soft- board of the Defence Material Administration and knowledge must always be kept up to date.” ware, physical infrastructure such as fibre and as Vice President of Saab may well come in handy This means that higher education institu- masts for wifi communication, and the way all in his role as Steering Committee Chairman. tions need to be fleet-footed and to update their this is used. “In this project we need to prioritise and not education offerings. But individual responsibil- “Our surroundings are part of it too, in order get mired in the details. It’s important to find ity is also important. to complete the picture. All of society’s infra- areas that are relevant and where we have a rea- “Each and every one of us has a responsibility structure, education and much more are closely sonable chance of having an influence.” to obtain the knowledge we need. At the individual linked with digitalisation. It has almost become Jan generally emphasises the importance of level this is a bit inconsistent. The same is true for something magical. But it’s not hocus pocus. It being proactive. How is that going, in reality, politicians. They have actual responsibility for big is instead creating fantastic opportunities while now that 5G is knocking on the door? systems such as water, electricity and healthcare.” not consuming a lot of resources.” “A lot of work needs to be done to fully utilise According to Jan Nygren broad political con- But there are risks at all levels – for individuals 5G. Effective regulation that doesn’t hamper de- sensus on these issues is what is needed. as well as for organisations and whole countries. velopment is key.” “No one authority is actually responsible for

14 ABOUT DIGITALISATION FOR INCREASED COMPETITIVENESS

The purpose of the Digitalisation for Increased Competitiveness project is to raise the level of knowledge and awareness about digitalisation’s challenges and opportunities. Proposals for strategies, policies and concrete measures will be developed. The project has three focus areas: infrastructure, talent supply and privacy. One theme running through the project is whether all or parts of these areas are being or can be developed into areas of excellence for Sweden and thereby help to increase competitiveness and growth. coordinating this. With our public administra- “There is a certain risk that vulnerable The target groups are decision-makers in politics and administration at the national tion tradition, this should preferably be volun- groups, such as the elderly or the financially and regional level, innovation decision- tary. No one would consider having a variety of weak, will end up on the outside. It wasn’t al- makers regionally and nationally, innovation different regulations for electricity – we have ways easy for people to accept and learn new support systems and representatives one National Electricity Safety Board. We haven’t things in the past either, like new systems for from higher education. The need for come that far yet in terms of digitalisation.” banking or for the Social Insurance Agency.” greater awareness of the consequences of digitalisation among the public will also be On the topic of shared responsibility and Jan believes that new technology can be used addressed. rules, Jan thinks that Sweden has a lot to learn to eliminate some of the dangers in society. Mo- from other countries. bile phones have already solved a lot of problems The project timeframe is 2017–2019. “Politicians are responsible for ensuring in other parts of the world. that digital solutions are integrated into soci- In addition to infrastructure and talent sup- ety. While we do have a Minister for Digitalisa- ply, individual privacy is another area that the tion, all of the Ministries need to take responsi- IVA project will examine closely. bility for this in their own areas. “Perhaps we need a handbook on digital pri- One very important thing politicians and au- vacy,” says the former Minister for Coordination thorities need to do is to understand the con- and Energy at the Government Offices who, in sequences – especially for individuals – when answer to a direct question, responds that his digital knowledge and access to, for example, a work as Steering Committee Chairman could computer or smartphone are necessary for peo- have some similarities with his former job as ple’s contacts with important functions in society. a Minister. Project Manager: Per Hjertén.

15 Samuel Holmström and Jens Lundqvist.

Öjebyn company smartest in Sweden

undqvist Trävaru in the Öjebyn in the city in a computer game, why not in reality? Samual and when the business and academia worked of Piteå was the winner of IVA’s Smart In- Holmström was recruited as CEO. We under- closely together.” In addition to the diploma and Ldustry competition. The competition, held stood what was possible, but how would we go the honour that comes with the award, the win- for the second year, is part of the IVA Smart In- about it?” he said. ner also receives a knowledge trip to a relevant dustry project. Around 50 companies were nom- Contacting Luleå University of Technology environment. inated in 2017. Five of them became finalists. was the solution. A thesis project involving, Two of the other finalists were awarded an The family business, which in the 1930s among others, video game developers became honorary mention. One of them was Gothen- made furniture for the military, became a tradi- the foundation for a new, unique internet-based burg company Atacac for its online solution for tional sawmill. Unfortunately the entire facility system. On the company’s website potential cus- the fashion industry. The customers become burned down at the beginning of the 2000s. But tomers can now design the details themselves models when they try on clothes. Nothing is with a new business concept – wooden build- for garages, carports, stables or other structures sewn until the customers have made up their ings in construction kits – the company quickly using the kits. Price, building permits, plans minds. The second honorary mention went to grew again. and other required documentation are only a the Älmhult company Fanhultstvätten, which “It was like Lego for buildings,” said Jens mouse click away. supplies every garment to be laundered with a Lundqvist, Vice President of the company, at “In the past plans were sent back and forth bar code that stays with the garment throughout the prize ceremony. between us and the customers. Now we can get its life. The honorary mention recipients were Apart from increasing sales, the new busi- a completed document right away.” also rewarded with a knowledge trip. ness model was so good that Jens became inter- The vision is simple: make it easy to build. The two other finalists were the companies ested in developing his family’s business. Jens points out that digitalisation is a tool to 3Nice and Södra skog. “I found working at the sawmill really boring. achieve that simplicity. The goal of IVA’s project is to recognise and My job consisted of feeding planks into a plan- The jury explained its decision to name encourage companies that are using the poten- ing machine. But my father’s building system Lundqvist Trävaru the winner like this: With tial of technology. In addition to the competi- changed everything. A few years ago digitalisa- its business model it has challenged one of our tion, IVA arranges a series of forums throughout tion and computer games became a big part of most traditional industries. This was made pos- the country where companies of different sizes the business. If we can build buildings like that sible when building and gaming came together and in different industries can share knowledge.

16 DIGITALISATION SUSTAINABLE CITIES COMPETITIVENESS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP KNOWLEDGE

Digital solutions bring customers closer

seminar arranged by IVA’s Business Ex- “This industry has always focused on de- “From the beginning we put games on discs ecutives Council provided concrete evi- velopment and improving efficiency. The new which were then distributed. The profits weren’t Adence of the fact that the digitalisation things today are sensors that are both efficient that big. But in 2006 we launched our down- wave is rapidly changing companies. This is true and cheap, and 4G which is enabling fast com- loading portal enabling us to receive payment regardless of whether it is company manufac- munication of the huge amounts of data that immediately,” he said. turing advanced production equipment to pro- computers can now process,” she said. Downloading technology also allows Paradox duce electronics and displays, like Mycronic, or They are creating new opportunities. For My- to constantly monitor what, how and when the a company in the digital games industry, such cronic, which has a presence in around 50 coun- users are playing. as Paradox Interactive. Big banks like Swedbank tries, entire flows can be digitalised – from mar- “The customers are also developing the or traditional construction companies like NCC ket demand to aftermarket. Data gathered when games. They’re co-creators. But this also pre- are also in the digitalisation race. But companies customers use Mycronic’s devices is used for fur- sents a challenge. How can we harness the pow- who what to be at the forefront incorporating ef- ther development which benefits both customer of 2.5 million gamers?” ficiency improvement and process development ers and suppliers. For Fredrik Wester, CEO of Fredrik Wester is convinced that in just a cou- as important business strategies is not a new phe- Paradox Interactive, which develops and sells ple of years the game industry will have higher nomenon. For Lena Olving, President and CEO computer games to end-consumers globally, dig- sales than the film and music industries com- of Mycronic, digitisation is mostly an in-word. itisation is a cornerstone of its business model. bined.

Cyber attacks threaten businesses and society

yber attacks take place all the time. And Säpo’s IT network is not connected to the in- they’re extensive. The attacks are aimed ternet. The handling of the most secret informa- Cat everyone – both the public and private tion is even more protected. sectors are exposed,” said Anders Thornberg at “That’s done by self-contained computers an IVA meeting. locked away in safes,” said Anders. The cyber attacks are similar to classic es- The Saab Group, which produces defence pionage – they take place in silence and over a materials, is acutely aware of the cyber threat. long period. Small encroachments to steal bits “Saab is a magnet for breaches. In the course of information then piece it all together is the of one quarter we get seven and a half million common method. firewall alarms,” said the company’s Vice Presi- The ultimate goal of the attacks is to create dent Micael Johansson. the potential to harm the democratic system. The attacks can come from foreign govern- About ten countries are involved in illegal cyber ments, criminals or competitors. espionage aimed at Sweden. Anders Thornberg “Here everything is digital. There are no pa- believes that many have no clue about this. Al- per drawings and all functionality is in the soft- lowing companies in another country to handle ware. We hide the software in such a way that the operation and maintenance of IT systems it is extremely hard to find. And it’s not always for a Swedish company or organisation increas- in the same place.” Anders Thornberg. es the risk of an attack.

NETWORKS & EXCHANGE

Celebration for Vera Sandberg

era Sandberg graduated as an engineer from Chalmers University Vof Technology in 1917. The celebration of Vera Sandberg arranged by IVA, the Swedish Association of Graduate Engineers and the Association of Swedish Engineering Industries, was held in IVA’s Banquet Hall – decorated for the occasion – with around 150 guests in attendance. From two stages, the question of why there are far too few women choosing to study engineering was explored, as well as what needs to be done to change the situation. A lack of knowledge about what engineers actually do could be one of the reasons. But even when women have an engineering degree, they still face career problems. Tove Dahlgren, head of the educational department at the Allbright Foundation, pointed out that male business leaders generally claim there are no women with the right skills to employ. “Men look within their own networks,” she said.

VERA – ONE OF IVA’S INVESTMENTS IN WORLD CLASS KNOWLEDGE

The focus of the Vera project is to ensure that opportunities exist for women to study and contribute to the success of industry. It will start by identifying what we know about how to get more women into engineering programmes and what their career paths are like after they graduate. In 2019, the year of IVA’s anniversary, a road show will travel the country to discuss the project’s results. The Project Manager is Katarina Mellström.

19 20 CARL-HENRIC SVANBERG – NEW CHAIRMAN OF IVA

Industrialist takes the helm at the Academy

ndustrialist Carl-Henric Svanberg became Tuula Teeri who is from the academic sphere. whether you work as a traditional development the new Chairman of IVA at the end of 2017. We come from two different places. I have ex- engineer or in marketing, leadership, logistics IHe succeeds Leif Johansson. perience from research and technology inten- or production,” he says. The changeover at the top of IVA is also a sive organisations. Ericsson and AB Volvo are To attract young people to the profession switch between two of Sweden’s most expe- big players in Sweden’s R&D community. Hope- Svanberg believes we need to be better at show- rienced corporate executives. Both men have fully I can also bring with me my broad network ing them what career paths and opportunities international experience and have worked for of contacts.” look like in the workplace. He makes a com- some of Sweden’s most R&D-focused export parison with consulting firms, banks and ad- companies: Ericsson, AB Volvo and Astra Ze- There have been some unsettling reports vertising agencies. neca – never at the same time, but often suc- about a decline in R&D activity in Sweden. “That type of company starts early recruiting ceeding each other. What are your thoughts on that? and offering career plans for the first ten years. “I was not really prepared to be offered this. “Statistics are difficult. There are probably a Career paths in industry are often more com- But I feel honoured and it I didn’t need to spend lot of reasons for it going one way or another. plex, comprehensive and take longer to estab- much time thinking about it before I accepted. I find it hard to believe that Sweden is slowing lish. But this makes it even more exciting when It will be extremely interesting to start at IVA,” down. The question is whether the rest of the your career takes off.” says Carl-Henric Svanberg. world is speeding up. Things are moving very So what about taking over from Johansson: He currently has two major private sector as- fast in Asia and China. The USA is doing well “Apart from being excited about our work, signments – as Chairman of both AB Volvo and too. I don’t know if we’re defending our posi- both of us have a general interest in society as energy giant BP. He will be leaving the latter po- tion or losing ground relative to the others,” says well. I’ve always wanted to be in a place where sition this autumn after nine years, the longest a Carl-Henric Svanberg. I can have a positive impact on society. IVA is chairman can remain in the position according Svanberg has an MSc in Engineering Phys- that place because it’s an exciting and interest- to the British company’s articles of association. ics from Linköping University and has added an ing organisation that works across the private Carl-Henric Svanberg will stay on until his suc- MSc in Business and Economics to his qualifica- sector, academia and the public sector,” he says. cessor is appointed. tions. But becoming an engineer was far from You could say that Svanberg is leaving BP for a foregone conclusion. He started by studying IVA. He smiles when asked: maths in Linköping. “Right…?” “I wanted to be a maths and physics teacher ABOUT CARL-HENRIC SVANBERG Then he says: at the upper secondary level. At that time you Chairman of the Academy 2018–2020. “In six months I will have been working for got your Bachelor’s degree first and then you ap- Carl-Henric Svanberg has served as Chairman stock exchange listed companies for 100 quar- plied to teachers training college. It was such a of AB Volvo since 2012 and Chairman of BP PLC ters. I’m starting to think that the one hundred popular programme that you had to ace your ex- since 2009. He received his MSc in Engineering and first quarter will not be as gratifying. It’s ams. Then there was still a lottery to determine Physics at the Institute of Technology, Linköping more exciting to take on an assignment for IVA.” who got in. I thought to myself that my career University. He also has a Bachelor’s degree in should be determined by a lottery.” Business Administration from Uppsala University. He has held a series of senior positions in Swedish What do you think you can bring to IVA? Svanberg doesn’t regret becoming an engi- industry, including as President and CEO of “I come from a private sector background neer for a second. Ericsson, CEO of Assa Abloy and CEO of the and IVA has recruited a fantastic President in “Never. It’s a fantastic job regardless of Securitas Group’s Alarm Services

NETWORKS & EXCHANGE

Innovation in focus on Skåne trip

ony Mobile in Lund received a visit at the end of November from an IVA Sdelegation. The Royal Technology Mis- sion delegates got to hear how the company is working strategically on innovation and about being an incubator in the region. During their visit the delegates also met participants in the Tekniksprånget project who talked about their internships. 25 individuals from the academic, business and public sector spheres participated in the Skåne trip. The purpose was to study how the innovation climate and entrepreneurship in various industries in the region can create business opportunities and jobs, and promote good urban development. In Lund the delegates visited incubators and corporations to learn about how research results are being turned into enterprises, including at VentureLab and Medicon Village. The talent supply and competitiveness in the region were in focus at both Sony Mobile and MAX IV lab. In Malmö the emphasis was on how urban development and business development can be mutually beneficial. Malmö City, game company Massive Entertainment and the Hyllie Innovation Center were visited.

ABOUT ROYAL TECHNOLOGY TOUR

This was the seventh Royal Technology Tour, a trip arranged to study industry and research in different parts of Sweden. In 2017 the destinations were Malmö and Lund. The Technology Tour involves two days of field trips and seminars. Joining H.M. the King are individuals from the private and public sectors and from academia. The 2017 delegation was led by IVA’s Chairman Leif Johansson and the Project Manager was Elin Vinger Elliot.

23 SUSTAINABLE CITIES

More and more people want to live in good cities of the future, where smart, sustainable solutions will be an obvious aspect of everyday life. But we also need to develop today’s urban environments to meet the expectations of the growing number of urban dwellers.

Vallastaden in Linköping.

24 24–2525 DIGITALISATION SUSTAINABLE CITIES COMPETITIVENESS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP KNOWLEDGE Ideas become reality in Vallastaden

or a few weeks in September an urban IN THIS NEW neighbourhood there are five differ- »The zoning plans living expo called Vallastaden 2017 took ent types of wooden buildings and numerous don’t regulate the Fplace in Linköping. Vallastaden, a brand lofts, which are not considered separate floors. new neighbourhood with 1,000 homes, built on “The structures in Vallastaden are built close aesthetic details land a few kilometres west of the city centre, was together, making it possible create large green the most talked about development in Sweden areas in between.” nor how high the in 2017 – at least among people with an interest The transport issue has been solved fairly – buildings can be. in urban development and homes. no one has their own parking spot and the park- Vallastaden was developed in a partnership ing structure is the same distance away as the But the maximum between the municipality, the university, the pri- closest bus stop. vate sector and Linköping residents. Apart from “The whole project was completed really number of floors all of the new homes, the project also resulted fast. It took just five years from the first draft to is five.« in a new urban development model. move-in,” says Anna who, despite being excited “Vallastaden is unique in many ways. It start- about her new job in Malmö, is looking forward ed with a political decision to provide support to seeing how the Linköping neighbourhood from the national level for an urban living expo will develop and mature. with a clear concept,” says Anna Bertilson who One of the buildings, Integralen 6, has al- at the end of 2017 left her job as Director of Ur- ready distinguished itself. This huge wooden ban Planning in Linköping to become Director building’s take on a life-cycle perspective and of Real Estate and Roads in Malmö. its flexibility made it one of the candidates to ABOUT ANNA BERTILSON One of the elements that distinguish the Val- win the nationwide Årets bygge 2018 (Building lastaden model is a detailed, flexible zoning plan of the Year) competition. Anna Bertilson has a degree in Social Studies from the University of Gothenburg. produced prior to land allotment. The properties Also nominated in the competition was a are also smaller than usual, which means that patented “infra culvert” by infrastructure con- She started her career in Gothenburg in both private individuals and large construction struction company Tekniska verken, developed a variety of roles and ended up as Deputy Director of Urban Planning. She was recruited companies were able to be construction clients. in cooperation with HVAC company Uppnor. as Director of Urban Planning for Linköping The zoning plans permit everything from multi- This innovative solution contains all of the dis- municipality in 2012. dwelling buildings to houses on the same block. trict’s technical infrastructure: electricity, fi- In February 2018 Anna took up a newly created “The zoning plans don’t regulate the aes- bre optic cables, district heating, sewage, wa- position as Director of Real Estate and Roads thetic details nor how high the buildings can ter and a vacuum waste system – everything in Malmö. be. But the maximum number of floors is five. inside a big culvert 2.5 metres in diameter. The Anna is a member of IVA’s Building and The plans also put wooden and concrete build- only infrastructure outside the culvert is surface Construction division. ing materials on an equal footing.” water drainage. One big advantage of the cul-

26 27 vert is that it frees up more land to build on. It Anna doesn’t see any drawbacks with pro- Clever ways of organising municipal activi- also reduces the need for digging in the street cessing applications in this way. ties have no intrinsic value, but the results of when something goes wrong. Everything can be “It of course requires decisions to have al- the work being done certainly do. City centres, reached from inside the culvert. ready been made by the political bodies. And innercity areas and suburbs all have to be at- “The maintenance philosophies of the vari- in order for it to work in practice we need good tractive for the people who live and work there. ous actors in Vallastaden will be reviewed from strategic planning.” “When we live in close quarters, like in city time to time due, among other things, to their Digitalisation is also needed for an efficient centres, public meetingplaces with no pressure small scale. It will also be interesting to see and effective work model. to consume are important. It’s society’s respon- which activities will fill the common-use build- “We are trying to put all documents in digi- sibility to make sure that they exist.” ings that are on every block.” tal format. We have a portal where we’re gradu- Such environments as well as things like pop- One contributing factor to Vallastaden be- ally uploading everything. Without the portal ups enable different generations to meet in coming completed so quickly is probably the fairly our processes would be more cumbersome be- mon spaces. unusual way in which Linköping’s municipal cause we would have to constantly send each “And when a company wants to do business authorities are organised. other information.” in the city, the question it should ask is: “How “The political bodies exist of course, but the will we be contributing to the urban environ- civil service divisions are combined into one ad- DIGITALISATION WILL, OF course, also add value for ment?” ministration. the people living here. They can follow the pro- Large parks are also important. But Anna The administration for environmental and gress of multiple applications through the mu- thinks it is important to be clear about the way urban development therefore handles every- nicipal process. in which they will be used. thing from plans to building permits and en- “A joint digital tool will also enable those Development in retail, with fast-growing e- vironment issues.” who own the cables and pipes in Linköping to commerce, is also an important aspect for at- “One of the benefits of this is that it’s eas- synchronize maintenance work. And there’s no tractive cities to consider. The ability of inner- ier to navigate through the various processes. need to dig up the streets. Even the emergency city areas and suburbs to handle the impact of This structure facilitates the execution of po- services need to know how to navigate the city online shopping varies. litical decisions.” when it changes.” “How many neighbourhoods can actually Applications are processed faster because Interest in the Linköping model of organ- withstand it in the long run? It would be a bet- everyone is used to thinking several steps ising its public authorities was clearly evident ter idea to develop the outer areas of a city as ahead. during Vallastaden expo. high streets leading into the city centre.” “A building permit takes three and a half “About 500 leading politicians and civil serv- And where should the municipal services in weeks, for example, and is included early on ants from other municipalities visited us for a the outer parts of a city be located? Schools are the zoning plans. You could say that the pro- few hours to see how we work. It was a good not normally located in neighbourhood centres. cesses run along parallel tracks.” opportunity to share experiences.” “They could perhaps be located on neigh-

28 DIGITALISATION SUSTAINABLE CITIES COMPETITIVENESS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP KNOWLEDGE

bourhood high streets. A conscious municipal Of course, it is not enough for people to The distance from Linköping to Stockholm is planning process is needed here. The buildings merely be able to move around their own mu- 200 kilometres. Being able to get to the capital to be built should preferably have both residen- nicipality. That is why Anna thinks that high- faster would of course be a good thing. Perhaps. tial units and spaces for other activity.” speed rail is really worth investing in. “The Stockholm perspective is still hot. A few Most big cities have problematic neighbour- years ago Stockholm was almost synonymous hoods. Integration is often one of the problems. with investment. But housing prices etc. there Not everything can be solved with physical mu- have resulted in a more balanced view of the nicipal planning. capital. A lot of people are starting to realise “Education, jobs and participation are the »When we live in that urban development looks different in other best ways to stop people from being excluded.” places in Sweden. close quarters, This has made Linköping a more interesting MIXED DEVELOPMENTS WITH a diverse range of so- like in city place to invest in. lutions, like in Vallastaden, are also something “Most of our enterprises are knowledge-inten- that could promote positive trends over time. centres, public sive companies like Saab. But all industries are “Barriers between areas should be avoided. represented. The university is outstanding and The green areas that often exist could be used meetingplaces we have a university hospital. Geographically the in a meaningful way. And high streets could with no pressure location is good and the population is young.” play a role. If interesting things are happening, On top of all that, according to Anna Bertil- people will want to gather there.” to consume are son, the municipal costs are relatively low. Sustainability and the climate are important About 160,000 people live in the municipal- to everyone regardless of how and where they important.« ity. There will be more. live and work. Transportation is part of this as “Linköping will grow to 270,000 residents. well. Linköping has decided to become carbon There is no specific target year for this. This vi- neutral by 2025. sion instead promotes an attitude and will be “In Linköping we have a solid programme in “Railbound infrastructure is a defining fac- part of the strategic plan. More actors can join place to switch to bikes and public transport. But tor of urbanisation. But high-speed rail could in the process to avoid the need for planning we don’t want to prohibit any kinds of vehicles. be expanded at different paces. The most recent water infrastructure and housing separately,” In the past people planned for private motorised technology should be used. Society and technol- says Anna, who claims that good urban devel- traffic. City centres these days are based on pe- ogy need to develop Sweden together as a small opment requires planning incorporating a fo- destrian traffic.” and long country.” cus on growth.

MEETINGS 2017: SUSTAINABLE CITIES

17 May in Gothenburg 27 November in Malmö Gothenburg in transition Managing Big Infrastructure Seminar – IVA West and IVA’s Building Projects – Challenges and Construction division and IVA’s and opportunities Good Cities of the Future project Seminar – IVA South

23 February in Stockholm 27 September in Stockholm Sustainable cities of the future Attractive Living Environments – What needs to be done to and Flows: Eight themes in planning build as soon as tomorrow? good cities of the future Seminar – IVA Good Cities Seminar – IVA’s Good Cities of the Future project of the Future project and IVA’s Building and Construction division

29 DIGITALISATION SUSTAINABLE CITIES COMPETITIVENESS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP KNOWLEDGE

Catalyst for sustainable urban development

eveloping cities and population cen- Gävle, which is growing and now has more tance of a broad and deep dialogue with the ac- tres is a municipal responsibility. This than 100,000 residents, is one of the cities tors taking part and making the changes.” Dis IVA’s starting point in its Good Cit- participating. More growth is planned for the Experience from Kiruna tells us that it takes ies of the Future project, which is working with municipality and it will therefore need more five months of work to understand the interests nine cities – from Luleå in the north to Malmö homes. Some of them will be built in the cen- of different actors. Only then is it possible start in the south. tre of the city. to working on common visions and objectives. “A topical and relevant issue specific to The theme for Gävle’s workshop was there- Efficient municipalities successfully allocate each municipality has been explored at mul- fore “City centre urban infill.” roles between politicians and civil servants. Öre- tiple workshops. The knowledge and insights “Around 40 people were in attendance. Mu- bro is a good example. Björn Sundin, a commis- that emerged will now be put to use to support nicipal Executive Board Chairman and other sioner responsible for urban planning in Öre- Swedish municipalities’ urban development leading politicians took part, alongside munic- bro, took part in the Gävle workshop. work,” says Project Manager Staffan Eriksson. ipal civil servants and representatives from con- “He said that one benefit of the Örebro model The goal is to spread knowledge and insights struction companies, retail and industry.” is that the municipality prepares the early stag- to those with local responsibility for urban de- Göran Cars, Professor of Urban Planning es of the planning process so that construction velopment. at the Royal Institute of Technology and mem- companies can get started quickly.” “Each workshop will begin with an inspira- ber of IVA’s Building and Construction divi- Another success factor is close cooperation tional lecture by experts on the themes selected. sion, shared his experience of moving the city and a clear division of responsibilities between IVA is providing support in the form of process of Kiruna. politicians and civil servants. management and digital tools that enable broad “He talked about what is needed to success- “The politicians trust the civil servants and participation.” fully develop an area and stressed the impor- the civil servants in turn know what the politi-

30 ABOUT GOOD CITIES OF THE FUTURE

The four work groups within IVA’s Good Cities of the Future project concluded their work in 2017. They reported their conclusions at meetings, seminars and conferences. Examples of themes and participating municipalities: • Volume purchasing meets housing in Kungens Kurva, Huddinge • Sustainable urban infill in central Gävle cians want and that they stand by their decisions.” buildings in the existing environment provides • Digitalisation of the planning process in Örebro Björn Sundin made an important point that something more concrete to discuss. It is also • Lower rent housing in Gothenburg the municipality cannot plan the construction, easy to go into the model and experiment with but can optimise the conditions. It is ultimately different ceiling heights and facades, or to vis- • Development of Porsön in Luleå the market that decides what is built and how. ualise what the building will be like in differ- • Knowledge-driven urban development in Linköping In Luleå the workshop theme was how to de- ent light conditions. One theme during the day velop the Porsön peninsula where Luleå Univer- in Örebro was the need to also visualise social • Urban infill and reduction of the urban “gaps” in Malmö. sity of Technology is located and where most of issues. How are people’s movement patterns the students live. This is also where Facebook’s changed by new infrastructure, roads and build- The project timeframe is 2016–2018. datacentre and Teknikens hus science centre are ings? Do any natural meeting places pop up that located. The municipality feels that the area has the politicians and city residents want? been neglected and wants to launch a project to “We are continuing with our municipal co- develop a new plan. The workshop in Luleå fo- operation and the project will be concluded cused on how actors working there view their during Almedal Week in Visby in election year area and what they want for the future. 2018. Reports and other materials from the pro- The Örebro workshop addressed digitisation ject can be downloaded at IVA’s website,” says of the planning process. More specifically what Staffan Eriksson. opportunities the new visualisation technology Apart from Gävle, Luleå and Örebro, work- will bring to future construction projects. shops have also taken place in Huddinge, Goth- Placing 3-dimensional images of planned enburg, Linköping and Malmö. Project Manager: Staffan Eriksson.

31 DIGITALISATION SUSTAINABLE CITIES COMPETITIVENESS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP KNOWLEDGE

Wooden buildings export opportunity

all, industrially produced, wooden build- percentage of new production of taller residen- more efficient methods,” he said. The Minister ings are good for the climate. But, ac- tial buildings. Around 10 percent of the build- for Housing also said that Government subsidies T cording to Peter Eriksson, Minister for ings being constructed today have a in certain situations could be useful to Housing and Digital Development, they are also wooden carcass. Peter Eriksson rec- speed up the construction process. an important remedy for the housing shortage. ognised the many advantages of The housing shortage requires Prefabricated construction elements shorten increased, industrialised wood specific measures. the construction period. Swedish research on construction. “The Swedish National the best methods is at the forefront. Tall wooden “It will be hard to solve Board of Housing, Build- buildings could be a new Swedish export suc- the housing shortage without ing and Planning has been cess. This idea was expressed by the participants this,” he said. But he was look- tasked with producing propos- in a round-table discussion in Almedalen on 4 ing for actors other than the tra- als to guide actors towards cli- July. But one challenge is how to spread aware- ditional construction firms. mate-smart construction. Those ness about the benefits of wood construction to “It’s also important for new homes that produce homes with cheap rents investors, insurance companies and, not least, to be inexpensive. People haven’t got mil- receive Government subsidies. This has within the construction industry. lions of kronor to invest in a home. Industri- yielded results while also driving development Wooden buildings still account for a small alisation could facilitate the process through towards more wood construction,” he said.

Big cities grow on their own

n its first report on the drivers and conse- Mari pointed out that it is wrong to pit cities quences of urban development, the IVA pro- against rural communities. The countryside is Iject Good Cities of the Future busts the myths not particularly homogenous. of the relationship between town and country. “In recent years hundreds of small popula- From 2010 to 2015, for example, the amount tion centres have sprung up in areas close to of people in population centres increased by cities.” 440,000, while the population in rural areas Three particularly important factors, density, shrank by only 5,400. innovative capacity and participation, determine “Big cities grow by themselves through high if a growing city will develop sustainably. Knowl- birth rates and people living longer lives. Im- edge and an understanding of these factors are migration also has an impact. From the end of essential if urban planning decisions are to re- the 1970s only a modest amount of people have sult in attractive environments. moved to cities from rural areas,” said Mari Bro- “The view of density is often one-dimension- man, chairman of the Built Environment work al. People usually talk about floor area ratio, group, when the project report was presented. where the total area of a building is divided by When more and more people are urban the size of the plot of land on which it is built.” dwellers the role and design of cities are increas- There is plenty of information available on ingly important. Urbanisation is a global mega all of this, but the report claims that decision- trend and cities are taking over the sustainability makers rarely have a good understanding of the Mari Broman. work of the Government at the national level. complex links.

32 Mouna Esmaeilzadeh. Tomas Eneroth.

Cars fit into good cities of the future

nvestment in infrastructure and new tech- tween academia, industry and policy-makers is electric-powered in some form or other. Volvo’s nology are required if our future cities are to essential in order to reach that goal. cars will also be more autonomous. Ibe attractive. This was one of the conclusions “Our imagination is the only limit to how far “One essential factor here is understanding at a seminar with the title “Will cars be needed in we can go with logistics,” said Tomas Eneroth, how people and technology work together. A Vol- good cities of the future?” admitting that he is basically a car nerd. vo needs to be a car that understands you,” said The car is still relevant as a mode of transport, Technology development is moving extremely Håkan Samuelsson, CEO of Volvo Cars. but in the not-too-distant future it will not have quickly and making it hard to predict the future. He also believes that the way cars are sold will all that much in common with today’s vehicles. The unique capacity of the human brain needs be different. While it will no doubt still be possi- “The Government is incentivising the use of to be used in the best possible way. This is ac- ble to buy a car, other alternatives to ownership new technology in cities of the future. We need cording to Mouna Esmaeilzadeh, a physician and will take over eventually. to think in several dimensions,” said Minister brain researcher. “We can subscribe for a car online. This is a for Infrastructure Tomas Eneroth. “The brain is really good at fantasising and good option for people who want constant ac- Infrastructure all across the board needs to dreaming. We are better than artificial intelli- cess to a vehicle. For those who only need a car be renewed. gence at that,” she said. occasionally, car pools are an attractive option.” “But roads also need to be able to handle far This ability can be harnessed to create visions Håkan also pointed to the link between effi- heavier vehicles than those we have today.” for things like a city of the future. cient infrastructure and the possibility of intro- Electrified roads for lorries outside Sandviken “It’s of course also important for us as deci- ducing new smart vehicles. are an example of how Sweden can be a world sion-makers to set goals while at the same time “If the white lines on roads are not properly leader and preferably a permanent sustainable being pragmatic and open to change,” she said. painted and maintained, autonomous cars will and fossil-free example. Close cooperation be- Soon all Volvo cars leaving the plant will be not work,” he said.

33 NETWORKS & EXCHANGE

Royal drive without a chauffeur

he week-long trip headed by H.M. The King in May to the East Coast of the TUnited States started in New York and then continued to Washington and Boston. The company nuTonomy, which produces software for self-driving cars, was one of the last visits during the 2017 Royal Technology Mission. The authorities in Boston do not al- low self-driving cars on the road in the rain and up until the very end it was uncertain whether the promised ride would happen. But the weather gods were on the King’s side and the rain stopped in time for him to take a ride along the Boston harbour. The main theme for the RTM, the 24th in the series, was how rapid technology development – particularly digitalisation-driven development – is impacting business, research and policies. The focus areas were fintech, life science and entrepreneurship. The delegates also visited Nasdaq, Google and a number of incubators.

ABOUT THE ROYAL TECHNOLOGY MISSION

The Royal Technology Mission (RTM) is an annual, week-long delegation trip for Swedish business leaders and representatives from the public sector and universities. The main purpose of the mission is to forge new contacts to promote an exchange of ideas and business. The first RTM went to the west coast of the USA in 1984. The most recent mission was to the US east coast and was led by IVA’s Chairman Leif Johansson. The Project Manager for the 2017 mission was Elin Vinger Elliot.

34 35 COMPETITIVENESS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP Globalisation is changing the game for a small expert- dependent country like Sweden. Internationally competitive companies that operate in Sweden have a key role in our future prosperity. Sweden also needs entrepreneurs with the ability to create new businesses with the world as their market.

Slush, Helsinki, December 2017.

36 36–3737 DIGITALISATION SUSTAINABLE CITIES COMPETITIVENESS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP KNOWLEDGE Talent shortage threatens Sweden’s future

wedish companies have high quality prod- AMORTISATION REQUIREMENTS LEAD to lower pric- »European ucts and are well suited to adopt the very es. But the actual result is that those who are cooperation is the Slatest technology. This bodes well for the already doing well will benefit even more. And future. Regardless of industry, it is important that has to do with being able to get a mortgage. best thing for Sweden. for ambitious enterprises to be able to grow in “The gap between those who can and those Sweden and for their growth to be possible from who can’t get a mortgage is increasing. When Companies establish a purely practical standpoint. the latter group gets big enough, that’s when hubs in strong “The housing market is a key factor affecting things will happen.” companies’ willingness to invest. And it’s not The imbalance boils down to education. Es- regions. Regional working well at all. This is actually a big failure sentially, those with less education earn less on the part of Swedish policy-makers. There is than those with more. development is no well thought-out housing policy at the central But, according Cecilia, household income has therefore the right or regional level. Housing has instead become developed well. People with a lot of debt are also largely a municipal responsibility,” says Cecilia usually in good shape financially. In mid-De- level at which to be Hermansson, who has a PhD in Economics. cember 2017 when we met for our interview, she That’s why we need structural reform. Cecil- did not predict any real housing bubble. thinking about in the ia shares this view with the International Mon- “The downturns are never all that serious un- future.« etary Fund. This type of reform is probably the less they’re linked to external or underlying fac- very thing that could have the biggest impact tors. We are far from anything like the crisis of on future economic growth –and impact it in a the 1990s. And it’s also a long way from a low number of ways. to a very high real rate of interest.” ABOUT CECILIA HERMANSSON “But we need comprehensive reform that also The need to build homes and schools and covers aspects such as integration and the job other useful buildings certainly exists. Urbani- Cecilia Hermansson has an MSc in Business market. This has been studied thoroughly, but sation and a growing population are the main and Economics and a PhD in Economics. She the will to do what needs to be done is lacking.” drivers here. conducts research on the relationship between banks and their customers in regards to The cause of the dysfunctional housing mar- “But we need to build in a different way so that financial advice and investment behaviour. ket is a long list of failed ideas – overstimulated people can afford a home. A growing population demand, rent regulation and almost non-exist- will basically benefit Sweden if we can handle the She has worked as an economist at the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency ent property tax are a few of them. High inter- job market situation. In the long term, countries (Sida). Between the years 1999 and 2013 she est deductions and capital gains tax are also pre- like Italy will find it harder to cope. People there was first in charge of forecasting and then Chief venting change. are reluctant to have a family these days.” Economist at Swedbank. “Flexibility on the housing market is dimin- Although the housing market is a challenge She is Chairperson of the Industrial Economic ished when there are fewer units for rent. Now for both individuals and businesses, Cecilia is Council and a member of the Swedish Fiscal people need to buy a home and that’s not easy optimistic about the Swedish economy in gen- Policy Council. for everyone. Those who build homes build eral. There are differences between sectors. Re- Cecilia is a member of IVA’s Economics division. them for people who can afford them.” tail, for example, still faces a range of challenges.

38 39 “And in general China is not pulling as hard, Blockchain technology, which has so far a trust relationship and change how we enter which is of course affecting a lot of companies.” mainly been linked to cryptocurrencies, will into contracts. If the technology grows, enter- One positive signal is that service exports are bring structural change to more industries. prises that only really serve as intermediaries increasing. Services are being added to products will have a problem.” like mining equipment, and this means very There is a lot more to do before blockchain long-term customer relationships. technology is the norm in different contexts. “The relationship between customers and But the Swedish Mapping, Cadastral and Land suppliers has evolved and deepened over the »We need to Registration Authority (Lantmäteriet) is among past few years.” those who are looking into it. The technology All parts of industry are affected by technical increase investment has the potential to create digital and safe real development – these days mainly in the form in education and estate transactions. of digitalisation. New fast-growing industries “While digital solutions will make some jobs have emerged. Fintech, edtech, proptech are a research. Life- disappear, new ones will replace them. This will few of them. give people a chance to work with the things “The traditional goods-producing industries long learning they are good at. have a long tradition of technology shifts. Now is important retail is undergoing a structural transformation.” ONE OF THE criteria for this positive technology- The rapid growth of e-commerce is affect- for everyone. If driven future – which Cecilia thinks is entirely ing physical stores – individual ones as well as possible – is a sufficient supply of talent and whole shopping centres – with store closures as businesses can’t expertise. the ultimate consequence. find the right “We need to increase investment in educa- “In the USA many small grocery stores disap- tion and research. Life-long learning is impor- peared during the most recent financial crisis. employees they will tant for everyone. If businesses can’t find the In Sweden I think the less modern shopping right employees they will leave the country.” centres will be the ones in trouble. Our situa- leave the country.« Those organising or who are responsible for tion is not the same as in the USA, but there educational quality therefore have a big respon- are still risks.” sibility. It would be a good idea for urban planners For businesses of all sizes the ability to be in- to think about the challenges that growing e- “Contracts will always be needed because novative is a key to success in an increasingly commerce is creating from a purely logistical people don’t trust verbal agreements, but block- competitive world. Big banks are no exception. point of view. chain can, without unnecessary paper, create “But they’re like oil tankers – it takes time

40 DIGITALISATION SUSTAINABLE CITIES COMPETITIVENESS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP KNOWLEDGE

for them to change course. They are coming already be better than a bad human advisor. Ro- “European cooperation is the best thing for up with some innovations though. They have bots can be a useful tool in many contexts. Big Sweden. Companies establish hubs in strong resources, and the big banks developing inno- data is opening a lot of doors. Mathematicians regions. Regional development is therefore the vations with small fintech companies are mak- are, for example, using big data to discover some right level at which to be thinking about in the ing money.” fairly unusual connections.” future. Stockholm–Uppsala should be one re- The financial crisis of a decade ago increased “We need to understand causal links if dis- gion. If we had thought in this way in the past government regulation on banks. They have to coveries are to be meaningful. And for that we we would have built along railway lines between abide by new rules. need economists, behavioural scientists and psy- cities.” “New actors are always entering the arena. chologists. A holistic and interdisciplinary ap- According to Cecilia Hermansson, Västra They’re not heavily regulated and have time to proach is what adds value. Götaland and Skåne are examples of more ef- be creative. These start-ups present a challenge So economists will still be needed in the fu- fective regions. to the big banks. Blockchain technology could ture, but Cecilia thinks that the distance be- “In a globalised world smaller municipalities lead to structural transformation in the bank- tween national economics and business eco- do better if they work together. In Sweden we ing sector as well. Still, competition is always nomics should be a bit shorter. haven’t managed to create these kinds of strong a good thing.” Economic theories have evolved over past regions.” centuries. In the 1700s Adam Smith combined But Cecilia still thinks that Sweden will con- BUT CECILIA DOES not believe that the big banks philosophy with economics. Then economists tinue to experience decent growth. This, of have played out their role. Advice on personal fi- became scientists. course, requires improved productivity and/or nances is one example of a service that for some “In the past it was thought that people were working more hours. investors is better provided by a person than rational beings and would always choose more “Increased productivity leads to higher wag- by a robot, no matter how brilliant it might be. over less. This may be correct at a macro level, es. But it usually eliminates low-productivity “There are no doubt people who like to do but individuals don’t think that way. We’re not jobs. And a lot of people without a higher edu- everything digitally. In the future robots may always that rational.” cation will find it hard to enter the job market.” be able to accurately determine customer risk Cecilia points out that having different eco- Wage increases in Sweden have been kept preferences. But for now a human advisor is nomic perspectives is a good thing. fairly low in recent years in order to be able to probably better at reading people and can ex- “The more we use and analyse big data, the compete with other countries. Still, growth in plain the risks associated with a certain choice.” more we can see how we really function, and real wages has been good. It is more difficult for robots to determine if that leads to new theories.” There are many other factors in addition to a person is telling the truth. So far people are New economic theories may be useful in get- digitalisation and housing for the country’s de- still better at that. ting urban planners to realise the significance cision-makers to take into account. “This could change, and a robot advisor may of strong regions.

MEETINGS 2017: COMPETITIVENESS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP

7 April in Stockholm 23 May in Umeå Sweden’s electricity system – How The resource-efficient, to ensure delivery reliability sustainable and profitable company Seminar – IVA’s Electricity Crossroads project Seminar – IVA North, IVA’s Business Executives Council and Norrlandsfonden 26 April in Stockholm 20 February in Stockholm Can new innovative Should the Riksbank environments help develop issue electronic money? the forest industry? Seminar – IVA’s Seminar – IVA’s Innovation in Economics Division the Forest Industry project

41 DIGITALISATION SUSTAINABLE CITIES COMPETITIVENESS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP KNOWLEDGE

Successful entrepreneurs inspire young students

rince Daniel’s Fellowship continues to “There are many other organisations focus- cus Wallenberg were joined by around 40 pro- fill upper secondary and university stu- ing on entrepreneurship. But our network is ject participants on visits to Aalto University, Pdents with enthusiasm about starting a unique and very strong – in both knowledge several companies and the start-up event called business. and experience. So there is certainly more that Slush. “Now we have actually visited all of Sweden’s we can do to embolden young people to start a “The purpose of the trip was to learn about seats of learning. Since the project was launched business and to support young entrepreneurs. how they approach entrepreneurship and inno- we’ve met over 20,000 students and that feels A lot can perhaps be achieved digitally.” vation in Finland. As an extra bonus, the par- great,” says Jenny Nordlöw who has served as The upper secondary schools and universi- ticipants had a chance to get to know each other Project Manager since last summer. ties have a positive view of all aspects of the better. We also received a very warm reception Her job involves more than managing the programme. from the businesses we visited.” project; she also develops programme activities “They are happy and honoured that Prince Although the project has worked successful- and comes up with new ones. Daniel and the entrepreneurs want to visit. And ly for several years to create positive attitudes “One new element this year is the network- afterwards they are even more enthusiastic to entrepreneurship, Jenny believes that more ing meetings where young entrepreneurs meet about entrepreneurship. One key factor is that needs to be done. and chat with one of our experienced and in- it all takes places in a relaxed environment and “It’s true that more people have a positive spiring entrepreneurs. We’ve also increased the with an injection of humour. The successful en- attitude now. Ung Företagsamhet, UF, a non- mentoring part of the programme.” trepreneurs generously share their experiences.” profit inspiring creativity in young people, and Jenny Nordlöw would like to see the pro- The trip abroad in 2017 was to Finland. a number of other initiatives have helped more gramme have even more participants. Prince Daniel and the project’s Chairman Mar- young people to see entrepreneurship as an al-

42 ABOUT PRINCE DANIEL’S FELLOWSHIP

The purpose of the project is to encourage young people to become entrepreneurs. The project has gathered a group of prominent entrepreneurs to participate and provide inspiration. Involvement in this project enables them to share their own experiences, inspiration and concrete tips to encourage and embolden young people to start a business.

Photo: Petri Anttila The project includes a mentoring programme for young entrepreneurs, as well as visits to upper secondary schools and higher education institutions where ternative to employment. But fear of failure still Providing inspiration in 2017 inspiring entrepreneurs and Prince Daniel puts some of them off. So in our project we’re Niklas Adalberth, Melker Andersson, bring young people into the discussion on entrepreneurship. The project also arranges trying to lower the threshold. We and other or- Mia Brunell Livfors, Alessandro Catenacci, an annual networking event, Prince Daniel’s ganisations with the same goal will be needed Jacob de Geer, Daniel Ek, Filip Engelbert, Entrepreneurship Day. for a long time to come.” Saeid Esmaeilzadeh, Olof Faxander, Prince Daniel is honorary Chairman. That is why, according to Jenny, it is good to Lina Gebäck, Stina Bergfors, Elin Kling, have IVA behind the initiative. Filippa Knutsson, Sebastian Knutsson, Marcus Wallenberg is Chairman of the “IVA may not always have been best known Kristina Lindhe, MonicaLindstedt, Lisa Steering Committee. for entrepreneurship, but that has changed and Lindström, Martin Lorentzon, Håkan IVA is a stable platform for the project, opening Lundstedt, Alan Mamedi, Susanne Najafi, doors to its network,” says Jenny, pointing out Jessica Schultz, Jonas Nordlander, Anna that these days there is a lot of support and help Omstedt Lindgren, Lena Patriksson to be found for people who want to start a busi- Keller, Karl-Johan Persson, Ashkan Pouya, ness, but that some also need a nudge to have Mikael Schiller, Sebastian Siemiatkowski, the courage to step over the threshold. Johan Skarborg, Cristina Stenbeck, Anna Stenberg, Filip Tysander, Hans Vestberg, School and university visits in 2017 Renée Voltaire, Gunilla von Platen, Eric Uppsala 6/4, Trollhättan 16/5, Kristianstad 23/5, Wahlforss, Caroline Walerud, Nami Gothenburg 27/9, Stockholm 17/10, Kiruna 18/12 Zarringhalam and Niklas Zennström. Project Manager: Jenny Nordlöw.

43 DIGITALISATION SUSTAINABLE CITIES COMPETITIVENESS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP KNOWLEDGE

A long way to go for corporate gender equality

ulture is more important than strate- since the 1970s. The first academic discussion “Men support men and so do women,” said gic plans for corporate gender equal- can be summarised under the heading “The Wahl, adding that “young leaders lack knowl- City. Two out of ten people in executive imperfect woman.” edge and awareness.” management at listed companies are wom- “That theory is still around. But Wahl believes that an ingrained en. Although that number is increasing, the in the 1970s there was also crit- culture in organisations is the change happening very slowly. At the current icism of the individual per- biggest obstacle to increased rate it will take until 2039 to achieve gender spective.” equality. equality in management. Wahl says that gender Women see that there are “There’s no mystery here. We’ve known for a equality evokes strong feel- differences and interpret this long time why this is the case,” said Anna Wahl ings such as discomfort and as the conditions being differ- at a seminar on career path equality arranged by even powerlessness. Many ent for women and for men. IVA’s Student Council. think that if we don’t talk about One fundamental aspect is atti- Wahl is a Professor of Gender, Organisation gender equality the problem will dis- tudes to children. and Management at KTH. appear. “People don’t become stupid because they Gender equality research has been going on A lot of the gender research is about men. stay at home to look after their children.”

Good opportunities for Swedish companies in Africa

anufacturing in Africa in informa- And innovation is nothing new in Africa. tion and communication technology Touré pointed out that smart phone banking M(ICT), agriculture and mining. These was invented in Kenya because banking services are some areas where good opportunities exist were a real problem there. for Swedish companies. “Local challenges in Africa are an excellent “It’s not enough for Africans to be consum- breeding ground for innovation,” he said. ers; we also need to manufacture African prod- One major challenge on the continent is that ucts,” said Hamadoun Touré at a seminar ar- it has multiple markets. The rules and condi- ranged by IVA’s Programme Council for Africa. tions for e-commerce need to be harmonised. Touré is the founder and head of the Smart Big data centres are needed as well. Cloud Africa Alliance, which is tasked with using ICT services are not enough. This could also present to transform Africa. business opportunities for Swedish companies. According to Touré, investment does more Åsa Jarskog is Chairman of the Swedish good for development than well-intentioned Southern African Chamber of Commerce. She donations. also believes that everything production-related “I have nothing against profit-driven projects. in Africa is an opportunity for Swedish com- Profits create opportunities for investment in panies. all sorts of infrastructure and to develop inno- “It’s also a myth that all African nations are Hamadoun Touré. vations.” corrupt,” she said.

44 DIGITALISATION SUSTAINABLE CITIES COMPETITIVENESS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP KNOWLEDGE

Swedish economy growing in the forest

d plastic micals an s Che Fu he Swedish forest industry has 70,000 el

employees. Sweden is one of the world’s ts uc d three leading export nations in tradi- ro T p tional forest industry products. 80 percent of lp u the industry’s products leave the country. P But continued development and renew- Electricity al are needed for Sweden to retain and strengthen its position at the top. The IVA project Innovation in the Forest Industry has been work- BIOFUEL ing on determining how best to achieve that. Four work groups s w o FOREST RESIDUE Heat and a reference group of poli- e (bark, branches u ticians have been tackling the d i and tops) s task. Olof Persson has served e R as Chairman of the Steering Committee. The results and rec- Pellets Ba ommendations will be presented rk in spring 2018. “Another objective is to highlight Pulp production

k ways for Swedish forest raw materials r PULPWOOD a b and expertise to make an even greater con- d n s tribution to solving global challenges in so- a ip s h g C in ciety, while also generating more value,” says v a s h r Hampus Lindh who is the Project Manager. S o i r e According to Lindh the industry is good at t n i improving efficiency and material flows, but &

e r analysis of the challenges is lacking. This is one u it of the reasons why several of the project partici- In general it is im- n TIMBER r fu , pants come from other branches of industry. portant to keep track s g in The project has also studied the situation in- of what the market d il u ternationally. wants and then offer B “In Canada, for example, they have made better and more sus- cts rodu a lot of progress in constructing buildings in tainable products. ood p Sawn w wood. We can learn a lot from them.” “Sweden is in a A good way to increase bio-based raw materi- good position to cre- In terms of biofuels, the project recommends als as a percentage of the total Swedish economy ate a more circular and that policy-makers introduce a reduction re- is to build taller wooden buildings. bio-based economy. But this requires good col- quirement and a price premium system. “But to increase wood construction we also laboration between policy-makers and the for- “Another conclusion is that continued and need to increase cooperation between construc- est industry.” increased investment is needed in research to tion firms and forest companies. Public pro- Another recommendation from the project develop the best technologies to refine forest curement could serve as an engine here by re- is to increase the focus on innovation-driven raw materials,” says Hampus Lindh, who goes quiring climate declarations for anything being leadership. The industry and policy-makers also on to praise IVA’s Forest Technology division for built with tax-payer money.” need to facilitate this. coming up with the idea for the project.

45 46 NETWORKS & EXCHANGE

High level meeting on innovation

high level meeting focusing on technology took place at IVA when Ger- Aman Chancellor Angela Merkel and Sweden’s Prime Minister met on 31 January 2017. The Chancellor and Stefan Löfven were guests of honour at the first German Swedish Tech Forum, organised by the German-Swed- ish Chamber of Commerce and IVA. Merkel welcomed the new cooperation between the countries when she held the opening address. She reminded the audience that Sweden and Germany have a strong tradition of trad- ing with each other. She also pointed out that there are many Swedish companies enjoying success in Germany – and vice versa. She met three such companies in the foyer: Siemens, Scania and ABB. One of the first projects for the Swedish-German partnership will be to study the unique two-kilometre electrified road outside Gävle, in which both Siemens and Scania are involved. ABB’s flag-waving robot added to the cheerful atmosphere at the event.

ABOUT THE GERMAN SWEDISH TECH FORUM

The German Swedish Tech Forum is a new innovation platform to increase cooperation between industrial enterprises in Germany and Sweden. The German-Swedish Chamber of Commerce and IVA are behind the initiative, which involves events and projects where German and Swedish company representatives and researchers can discuss topical issues, share knowledge and present best practice. One important objective is to encourage an exchange over national borders between small and medium-sized enterprises.

47 47 KNOWLEDGE

Knowledge require ments are changing rapidly. This is putting a new kind of pressure on the education system. One challenge is how to encourage young people to study science.

From the left: Esther Homer, Hazim Shakir, Misbah Bilal, Alaa Alsheikh Ibrahim, Wisam Salim – Jobbsprånget 2017.

48 48–4949 DIGITALISATION SUSTAINABLE CITIES COMPETITIVENESS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP KNOWLEDGE Gene scissors made her a research star

mmanuelle Charpentier is a professor at currently a professor and Director of a research »A lot of breakthroughs the Max Planck Institute in Berlin. But it unit at the Max Planck Institute for Infection have been made in Ewas in Sweden where she made the key Biology in Berlin. discovery of “gene scissors” – a tool that has This important research breakthrough came Sweden. In my revolutionised life sciences and brought hope at the same time as she and her colleagues of finding new treatments for serious diseases. found a way to show how the system works. research field Sweden Medical applications are now being devel- They found a molecule (tracrRNA) which, com- is highly ranked and oped and Charpentier’s own company has just bined with a protein (Cas9), goes into a pre- applied to start clinical trials to test a drug to determined location in DNA and cuts it. The respected.« treat diseases of the blood. research was carried out in cooperation with Charpentier is one of the foremost research- Jennifer Doudna’s research team at the Univer- ers in the world in regulation of infection sity of California, Berkeley. Charpentier pub- mechanisms in disease-causing bacteria. And lished her results in the respected scientific it was while conducting research in Umeå that journal Nature in 2011 and later in Science in ABOUT EMMANUELLE CHARPENTIER her group made the key discovery that echoed cooperation with UC Berkeley in 2012. throughout the research community – that the The mechanism can be used to repair dam- Emmanuelle Charpentier was born in France. enzyme CRISPR-Cas9 can be used as a genetic aged genes. She received her PhD in Paris in 1995. She went tool. The discovery has given Charpentier more “The great thing is that the mechanism on to work at several universities and hospitals in the USA. than 60 scientific awards, leadership positions works effectively in many different types of -or and honorary distinctions – and in recent years ganisms,” says Charpentier. She worked at Umeå University from 2008 a permanent position on the list of Nobel Prize to 2014. This was where she discovered the CRISPR-Cas9 method. candidates. PLANT RESEARCHERS HAVE, for example, produced plants that have been genetically modified us- Charpentier has been the Director of the new Max Planck Unit for the Science of Pathogens CRISPR-CAS9 IS PART of a natural system that bac- ing the technology. For those researchers in since 2018. She is co-founder of the companies teria use to defend themselves against viruses. particular this technology can solve a problem. ERS Genomics and CRISPR Therapeutics. But the enzyme can also be used as “gene scis- It is very difficult to get a permit in the EU Her awards include the Fernström Prize for sors” to quickly, easily and very exactly cut, re- to cultivate plants that have been genetically young scientists in 2011, the Göran Gustafsson place and remove pieces of DNA. The discovery modified. The gene scissors offer a solution. Prize for molecular biology in 2014, the has been described as a revolution for genetic Sweden and Finland have already determined Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences in 2015 engineering and has created great expectations that genetic alteration using the scissors in and the Japan Prize in 2017. Charpentier is a of finding new treatments for serious diseases. some special cases (if no new DNA is added) member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (KVA) and an international member of “It’s a very powerful tool to modify DNA and cannot be considered genetic modification. IVA. She has honorary doctorates from several has had a very significant impact on life sciences It is, however, unclear what the EU’s stance universities, including Umeå University. research,” says Emmanuelle Charpentier, who is will be.

50 51 THE GENE SCISSORS have been used to produce a We have to treat serious diseases, not design knew that her future career would be in micro number of robust crops, such as drought-resist- babies,” she says. biology. ant corn and mildew-resistant grapes. But opti- As an undergraduate at the Pasteur Institute mism is highest in the field of medicine where she decided to become a researcher. Her super- it is hoped that the technology will lead to brand visor thought it could be a way for her to chan- new treatments for serious diseases. »I knew that the nel her curiosity and creativity. “In the medical field the technology is pri- “I felt at home in the lab and quickly under- marily being used in research and development research in Umeå stood that this work had everything that ap- to find new target molecules to develop new was excellent pealed to me. I could teach, write, think, run therapies and new drugs,” she says. projects, and manage labs and people – an ex- The company CRISPR Therapeutics, which in molecular tremely satisfying job. I knew it could give me she founded with researchers Rodger Novak opportunities to work abroad as well.” and Shaun Foy, wants to use the technology to biology, infection treat patients with beta thalassemia and sickle biology and AND THAT IS what happened. After postdoctoral cell anaemia. They have developed a therapy research at various locations in the USA and based on changing the genes in the patient’s microbiology and working as a professor in Vienna, she found own blood stem cells and removing the parts her way to Umeå. Her first visit was for a con- that cause the disease. that the research ference in 2007. “CRISPR Therapeutics has just applied to environment was “I knew that the research in Umeå was ex- start a clinical trial to test drugs to treat beta cellent in molecular biology, infection biology thalassemia and we hope to be able to launch international. And and microbiology and that the research environ- the trial in Europe this year,” she says. ment was international. And I liked the weath- I liked the weather. er. It was exotic – the sky and the light were SHE IS THE company’s scientific advisor. Although It was exotic. impressive.” Charpentier sees the great potential benefits of The following year she accepted an offer from the technology, she believes its use must have the Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine some restrictions. Sweden (MIMS) in Umeå. The lab gave prom- “The use of this technology needs to be reg- Emmanuelle Charpentier was born in a small ising researchers the opportunity to build their ulated. It could be used for the wrong reasons. town close to Paris. While still a young girl she own research teams. The very first recruit was

52 DIGITALISATION SUSTAINABLE CITIES COMPETITIVENESS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP KNOWLEDGE

Emmanuelle Charpentier, who came to appreci- Planck Institute for Infection Biology. Since the BUT, ACCORDING TO Charpentier, Swedish research ate the research climate at the university. beginning of the year she has been building her is strong in an international comparison in her “In Umeå they understand that researchers own research unit. Her work still focuses on field. need good infrastructure, good working condi- what happens at the molecular level in bacteria “The research here is competitive and has tions and time to develop interesting projects. during an infection. interesting projects. A lot of breakthroughs There is respect for the work researchers are have been made in Sweden. In my research doing,” she says. CHARPENTIER WAS A guest professor in Umeå un- field Sweden is highly ranked and respected,” “It’s important to believe in yourself. I was til the end of the year and is still in contact with she says. studying a mechanism that the research com- her colleagues there. Emmanuelle Charpentier has been richly re- munity didn’t consider all that interesting, but “We’re working on research projects togeth- warded for the CRISPR-Cas9 discovery. She can it proved to be worth it.” er and I’m a mentor in a programme for young count more than 60 awards and distinctions of researchers, where they are in the process of various kinds. THE RESEARCH GRANTS are for five years with a pos- recruiting postdocs for MIMS and Umeå Uni- Meanwhile there is an ongoing dispute about sibility to extend for an additional four. After versity.” patent rights. that the researchers are meant to continue pur- Many voices in Sweden were saying that we Charpentier, Doudna and their colleagues suing their career. Charpentier got an extension missed an opportunity to benefit from the fact discovered the technology. They have been after the first evaluation, but then Germany got that Charpentier made her discovery here – the granted patents in Europe, Japan and China. in touch. companies developing the discovery into prod- They have also applied for patents in the She was offered a chance to start a research ucts are in other countries. There was no seri- USA. But there, researcher Feng Zhang at MIT unit at the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Re- ous attempt to get her to stay here in Sweden in Boston, who acted fast to identify applica- search in Braunschweig and was given a very either because the offer from Germany was so tions for the gene scissors, has been granted prestigious Alexander von Humboldt chair at good. Charpentier recognises aspects of this dis- a patent. Last year the US patent court ruled the Hannover Medical School in Germany. cussion from other countries in Europe. that there were two different discoveries and So she moved to Germany and a year later “The biotech world in the USA is more recep- upheld the Broad Institute’s patent for some from Braunschweig to Berlin where she became tive than in Europe. There are more investors applications. the director of a research department at the Max interested in biotechnology there.”

MEETINGS 2017: KNOWLEDGE

20 March in Stockholm 19 September in Stockholm Different seats of learning New research energy or – different roles in society brain drain – What were the Seminar – IVA’s Research effects of AstraZeneca Outlook project concentrating its research? Seminar – IVA’s Chemical Engineering division 8 March in Stockholm 2 May in Stockholm Brexit – How will research and higher Fact resistance and science denial education be affected in the UK and Sweden? Seminar – IVA’s Basic and Seminar – IVA’s Education and Research Interdisciplinary Engineering Sciences Policy division and the Swedish Agency division and IVA’s Research for Growth Policy Analysis and Education division

53 DIGITALISATION SUSTAINABLE CITIES COMPETITIVENESS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP KNOWLEDGE

Jobbsprånget – fast track to jobs for graduates

Peter Wallenberg, Mikael Damberg and Alexandra Ridderstad.

obbsprånget, IVA’s project to connect new- ously have and this could even improve the po- Without them there is no programme. In other comers with a degree with employers for a tential to enter a new market. Case workers at programmes with a similar goal the focus is on Jfour-month internship is a success. Seven the Swedish Public Employment Service appre- the candidates.” out of ten interns get a job. ciate Jobbsprånget. Jobbsprånget’s model yields more than quan- “Not only can an employer find a person they “The system is a good fit with their guide- titatively good results; the journey from unem- really need in their organisation, there are also lines on how job seekers can secure an intern- ployment to a job for the 70 percent of interns other benefits for the organisations that partic- ship. We prepare all the necessary documen- who become employed takes just five months ipate, such as leadership experience for those tation between the Employment Service, the – one month for the administrative process and supervising the interns,” says Eva Glaumann, applicant and the employer. This makes things the four-month internship. It otherwise gener- Project Manager for Jobbsprånget. a lot easier for all involved.” ally takes years before a highly-educated new- Another benefit is that a new individual with Jobbsprånget focuses on the needs of the comer to Sweden is established in the Swed- a different background can bring experiences employers. ish job market. that a company or organisation did not previ- “That’s where the opportunities can arise. Although Jobbsprånget has radically speeded

54 ABOUT JOBBSPRÅNGET

Jobbsprånget is based on the Tekniksprånget model, an internship programme that allows young people to try a career in engineering and that has arranged 3,300 internships. Through Jobbsprånget, university graduates who are newcomers to Sweden can apply for a four-month internship with an employer to speed up their entry into the job market. Jobbsprånget is aimed at newcomers who have registered with the Swedish Public Employment Service. Jobbsprånget applicants are only required to be able to speak English. up the process, the programme will be needed half of them to do so over the next five years. Jan-Eric Sundgren is Chairman of the Steering Committee. for many years to come. “Most applicants come from Syria or Iraq. The financial conditions for this are good They are young – born in the 1980s. Many are – both the Ministry of Enterprise, Energy and economists or classic civil engineers. Three out Communications and the Wallenberg Founda- of ten are women. 40 percent of those who get tion think the programme is well worth sup- an internship are women,” says Glaumann. porting with substantial grants. Something they have in common is that they “70,000 newcomers to Sweden are reg- have their whole working life ahead of them. istered with the Employment Service. 8,000 “This is a great job. We’re helping people. of them have a relevant background for Jobb- There’s a strong drive and great professional- språnget.” ism in our team. The fact that our platform is Not all of them will find their way into the IVA is an extra bonus.” job market via Jobbsprånget. But the goal is for Project Manager: Eva Glaumann.

55 DIGITALISATION SUSTAINABLE CITIES COMPETITIVENESS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP KNOWLEDGE

Research minister gives thumbs up for IVA proposals

ive proposals can take Swedish research conditions for internationalisation of research ing – could be a way to improve the quality of to the next level. This is the conclusion and higher education need to be better. education. Fof an IVA project called Research Outlook. “We need to see better outcomes from re- In terms of internationalisation of research Helene Hellmark Knutsson, Minister for High- search investment. In that regard your propos- and education, the Minister for Research thinks er Education and Research, agrees. als may be a good thing,” said Helene Hellmark that Sweden has fallen behind. A commission Government investment in research and in- Knutsson at the project’s concluding seminar. has started working on this to find ways to im- novation should be gradually increased, but She added that both the previous and the cur- prove the situation. evaluation and analysis of the results need to rent government have increased research grants “It may also be worth looking at whether spe- be improved. Concrete contracts between the significantly. cial contracts between the Government and the Government and universities could support uni- “This has resulted in more research but not universities might be a good idea. This will be versities in their efforts to develop unique pro- in higher quality. And we shouldn’t forget high- addressed in a review of the resource allocation files. University boards need a clearer mandate er education either.” system,” said Hellmark Knutsson, while empha- and to change the way they work. Last but not An overhaul of the resource allocation sys- sising that Sweden should be one of the world’s least, Research Outlook has concluded that the tem – which the IVA project is also recommend- leading research and knowledge nations.

More power to teachers is the recipe for better education

eople are well aware of the education situ- line app for maths training, which he says is ation. Multiple proposals have been put used by 100,000 schoolchildren. Teacher edu- Pforward to return Swedish education to cation could be one of the reasons for the poor its top position internationally. Giving teachers school results. This was the assertion of Per more influence could be one solution. Kornhall, a researcher and expert on the subject. The situation in education and the causes of “Practical information about how to teach declining school performance were hot topics has been removed from teacher education pro- at one of IVA’s seminars in Almedal. grammes, and there has been no empirical re- Torkel Klingberg is a professor of cognitive search in education,” he said. neuroscience. His research focuses on the best The people who know how to teach are the ways for young children to learn maths. teachers. Per Kornhall therefore thinks that teach- “It’s a lot about attitude. Simply put, they need ers must be given more power at several levels. to have a fighting spirit similar to those who want “But this requires political decisions.” to be good at football or who’ve set their sights There are, of course, some successful schools on becoming a concert pianist. Unfortunately, it’s in Sweden. According to Kornhall, those schools not like that in the classroom,” he said. have whole-class instruction and teachers who Torkel Klingberg. Torkel Klingberg’s findings are now in an on- work together to develop lesson plans.

56 Johan Lindell, Eva Åkesson and Mats Embertsén.

Brexit a threat to European research

rexit is causing problems for European One of the main options is to form strategic European University Association, which has students and researchers, and Sweden partnership agreements with selected universi- around 850 European universities as members. Bis losing an important ally in the cam- ties in other European countries. “Brexit will be a wake-up call. Up until Brex- paign for the EU’s next research programme to “This could be an opportunity for Swedish it and the election of the new President in the prioritise excellence. universities. Sweden has a lot to gain from con- USA, the situation was close to perfect for uni- Britain’s researchers publish more articles tinuing to work closely with the Brits.” versities. Everyone agreed that research and facts than researchers in any other European coun- Preparations are under way for the EU’s next are good things. Now we have to fight for our try. The UK’s academic institutions are the most major research programme with a timeframe up position. But how political should universities active parties in EU research projects. British to 2020. From a Swedish perspective, the tim- be?” he wondered. universities also coordinate 20 percent of the ing of Brexit is therefore unfortunate, accord- Even after Britain has left the EU, research col- projects. The universities in the UK are the most ing to Johan Lindell of the Swedish Research laboration needs to continue. Wilson pointed out popular choices for students from other Euro- Council. that the EU already has several association agree- pean nations who want to study abroad. Britain “Some of the new EU nations don’t like in- ments with countries that are not members. Eva is, in other words, a European giant in the aca- vestment in excellence. Essentially, they don’t Åkesson, Vice-Chancellor of Uppsala University, demic world. get all that much research money from the EU. was also concerned about the effects of Brexit. “The British universities are worried about That’s why they want to change the rules. When “We have a long tradition of research partner- the consequences of Brexit. Right now they’re the Brits leave the EU Sweden will lose an im- ships with British universities. And they are the working on damage control,” said Sophia Ten- portant ally and advocate for continuing to invest most popular with students who want to study nergård of the Swedish Agency for Growth Pol- in top research,” he said. abroad. Losing that will be a big loss for us,” icy Analysis at an IVA meeting. Lesley Wilson is Secretary General for the she said.

57 58 DIGITALISATION SUSTAINABLE CITIES COMPETITIVENESS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP KNOWLEDGE

20-year programme teaches science and technology in schools

cience and Technology for All (NTA) is a To ensure that NTA Digital 2 will be real- ABOUT SCIENCE AND programme used by many schools in Swe- ly attractive to school children, some qualified TECHNOLOGY FOR ALL Sden. From the start in 1997 the concept education experts are involved in its develop- The model came from the USA. It was has consisted of multiple experiment packages ment as well. used for the first time in Sweden in 1997. which, combined with teacher training and guid- “We also have a dialogue with school children Initiated by KVA and IVA, the concept ance, have given young schoolchildren “aha” mo- to be sure we get it right.” was first used by schools in Linköping, ments while studying scientific subjects. The visual portion of the new theme will be Södertälje and Nacka. The programme is now run by an association called NTA School Since 2016 NTA has added two digitalised of the highest quality because Visualiserings Development. The two academies and the themes: the human body and space. center C in Norrköping is helping with the de- association are responsible for developing Development of the project NTA Digital 2 is sign. new themes. Municipal schools in around under way. The project’s Steering Committee “NTA is a commendable initiative that stimu- 130 municipalities, as well as independent includes representatives from NTA School De- lates interest in science and technology among schools with around 30 governing bodies, are now teaching science and technology to their velopment, IVA, the Royal Swedish Academy of school children. And the digital components students using the NTA concept. In 2016 an Sciences (KVA) and Swedish universities. can reach a large audience because there is no estimated 200,000 students worked on one Staffan Truvé, Research Director at Recorded need to send physical experiment packages to of the NTA themes. Future, is the Steering Committee Chairman. the schools.” “We design of the new digital theme is not Truvé also emphasises the role of teachers finalised yet, but it will be about genes and ge- with respect to the new digital components. netics,” he says. “Teaching skills are a crucial factor. Training Digital learning tools is a hot industry these teachers in both the content and the technology days, but Staffan Truvé thinks that NTA Digi- of NTA’s digital components is extremely im- tal is quite different from the more commercial portant,” says Staffan Truvé, pointing out that programmes. the first stage in the digitalisation process went “Our close connection to research and re- well and that this type of development is quite searchers – who are also helping us develop an unusual phenomenon for IVA. it – guarantees high-quality scientific content, making the results credible.” Steering Committee Chairman: Staffan Truvé.

59 Student Council meeting in Prague

he Student Council visited Prague one Student Council held a well-attended seminar at of Sodexo. Two out of ten members of executive weekend in September for its annual IVA on gender equality in career paths. Partici- management in these listed companies are wom- T autumn conference. A field trip to the pants included Anna Wahl, Professor in Gender, en. The number is increasing, but slowly, and at state-run company Czech Invest was on the pro- Organisation and Management at the Royal In- the current rate it will take until 2039 for there gramme and provided insights into Czech indus- stitute of Technology (KTH), Erik Ringertz, CEO to be gender equality in management teams. 80 try from a tech perspective. In late autumn the of Netlight Consulting and Azita Shariati, CEO percent of the seminar participants were women.

Study-abroad scholarships from the Hans Werthén Foundation

he 2017 Hans Werthén scholar- to study and conduct research in areas such our of Hans Werthén for his lifework as an ships totalling more than SEK 1.6 as soot formation, sustainability in the tex- engineer and business leader, mainly with T million were awarded to 16 young tile industry and engineering solutions for Ericsson and Electrolux. The Foundation’s graduates at a ceremony at IVA on 23 May. stem cell differentiation. The scholarships capital comes from donations from these The scholarships give young talents an op- are awarded by IVA and go to Master’s stu- two companies to IVA. The Academy choos- portunity for up to one year of intensified dents, doctoral candidates and PhDs con- es the scholarship recipients. research abroad in science, technology, lead- ducting research at a university or in in- This year there were 49 applicants. Since ership, economics or law. dustry. the Foundation was established, 439 schol- “I’m delighted to see the international The purpose of the scholarships is to give arships for a total of just over SEK 51 mil- ambitions of this year’s scholarship recipi- young university graduates an opportunity lion have been awarded. ents,” says Folke Hjalmars, a member of the for development in another country and to “For almost 30 years the Foundation in Hans Werthén Foundation board. “Their return to Sweden with new knowledge and Hans Werthén’s memory has given young new networks and research will help them experiences that they can use in industry, graduates a chance to further their educa- make a big impact in society and industry.” business or the academic sphere here. The tion abroad,” said IVA’s President at that The recipients will use their scholarships Foundation was established in 1990 in hon- time, Björn O. Nilsson.

60 NETWORKS & EXCHANGE

Boston inspires young leaders

t the end of September the Indus- trial Research Committee (IRC) Awent on its annual trip abroad. This time the Committee had chosen to visit Bos- ton. The week began for the 15 participants with a briefing by Business Sweden express- ing views on how new politics in Washing- ton are affecting research, development and trade with other countries. The Committee then visited Dr. Robert Langer at MIT who is the world’s most cited engineer of all time. He runs one of the world’s largest biomedical engineering labs. The week also included ten or so other visits to gain a greater insight into Boston’s special innovative and entrepreneurial environment at venues such as Ventures, Recorded Future, Learn Launch, MIT Media Lab and the Broad Institute. The innovative work of Samuel Adams, a brewery also well-known in Sweden, was examined in practice.

ABOUT THE INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH COMMITTEE (IRC)

The IRC consists of 15 carefully selected individuals who are heads of research and development at the companies and organisations where they work. The Committee’s members are recommended by IVA members and elected for a three-year term. The key element in the Committee’s work is field trips to the participants’ companies/ organisations during their three-year term. Another important element is the annual study trip abroad. In 2015 the Committee travelled to Germany and in 2016 to Hong Kong. IRC was founded in 1970 and now has more than 150 alumni. Maria Dollhopf is the Project Manager.

61 62 IVA’S AWARD FOR SCIENTIFIC JOURNALISM – THE HANS BERGSTRÖM AWARD

Curious fact-finder with his own perspective

agens Industri (DI) journalist PM Nils- ments over the years, at Expressen, news and son receives IVA’s Hans Bergström commentary website Newsmill and Dagens in- DAward for scientific journalism. He is dustry, where he held leadership roles in the an editorial writer with a curious mind and on area of opinion-forming – at the top with a view a quest for facts. He turns dogma on its head, is over society and with an independent liberal not afraid of independent perspectives and has a perspective. strong belief in technology and the importance Since he moved to Stockholm in 1995 he of entrepreneurship for the future. has been faithful to the Bonnier Group. Bon- Nilsson likes to surprise his readers with ed- nier provided funding for the Newsmill website itorials on topics such as dance band clusters, in cooperation with investment firm Proventus. bicycle spas or return on female human capi- Editorial pages in the Swedish press are by tal. He was himself surprised to be named the tradition political in nature. Within the Bonni- winner. er sphere there is an ideological mission. The “Editorial writers don’t normally win jour- group publishes the newspapers DN, Expressen nalism awards,” he said. “So it’s great that the and Sydsvenskan which have an “independently jury is recognising the need for good journal- liberal” perspective. ism in the editorial pages. A good editorial is “DI has no such ideological connection, nor ABOUT THE also good from a journalistic perspective, pre- a party. We stand for free markets and a free HANS BERGSTRÖM AWARD senting new things and arguments in a new society. That is our orientation. But my guess IVA’s award for scientific journalism – the Hans way,” says Nilsson. is that we’re generally perceived as more con- Bergström Award – recognises a scientific It was in the university town of Lund – which servative,” he says. approach in the media and journalistic is also the town where he grew up – that Nils- PM Nilsson was recruited to DI with a clear excellence in science, technology, innovation and entrepreneurship – in a tradition of son got his first journalistic assignment: Edi- mandate – to bring the paper into the Swed- informing, educating, providing detailed tor-in-Chief for the Lundagård newspaper. He ish debate. explanation, integrity and a belief in the future. worked there for two years. The editor-in-chief “Just as the morning and evening papers are The general public as well as people active in recruits his/her own editorial staff and oversees represented in panels on the radio and TV and the media can nominate candidates for the advertising and printing, as well as the actual express opinions on the world, DI was to start award. editorial work. doing the same.” The amount awarded is SEK 100,000. “It was a unique opportunity. I learnt how to PM Nilsson is satisfied with the progress: It was awarded for the first time in 2015. make a newspaper there,” he said. “We’ve worked on it and it has actually ex- Previous winners are SVT journalist Bosse And there have been other similar assign- ceeded our expectations. Lindquist and DN journalist Anders Bolling.

63 NETWORKS & EXCHANGE

Future issues attracted a big audience

italisation, housing policy, biofuels, Carina Axelsson and Jane Walerud. digitalisation, electricity supply, cir- Vcular economy, entrepreneurship, education and an internship programme for newcomers with a degree were the topics at IVA’s well-attended seminar in Almedalen. Housing policy was another hot topic. The participants concluded that the current policy has the wrong focus. Policies were also much discussed when the attention turned to green biofuels. Naturally, IVA’s main focus issue – energy – attracted a large audience. Newcomers to Sweden with a university degree have knowledge in their baggage. Jobb- språnget is helping them to get internships and often jobs as well. Minister for Employ- ment and Integration, Ylva Johansson, and Di- rector General of the Confederation of Swed- ish Enterprise both think it is a good initiative. And what would Almedal be without a chance for mingling and pleasant conversation? The dinner attended by many guests in a garden overlooking the Baltic Sea and Visby’s many rooftops was an opportunity Leif Johansson, Lars Hultman and Tuula Teeri. for conversation and encounters.

ABOUT ALMEDAL WEEK

IVA has participated in Almedal Week since 2009. By arranging seminars and meetings the Academy is able to strengthen its network. Topical issues are addressed and discussed, particularly those relating to IVA’s projects. Many IVA members participate in activities arranged by other organisations as well. Anna Lindberg is the Project Manager.

64 64 Alf Karlsson. Jan Wintzell. Per Kornhall. Carola Lemne and Ylva Johansson.

Martin Lundstedt and Kirdist Siged. Gunilla Nordlöf.

65 Per Kågeson. Anette Novak. Tuula Teeri. Åsa Söderström Jerring. Lena Hallengren. Sustainable meetings a must

t the IVA Conference Centre a great deal turning customers. New customers often hear of thought goes into ensuring that eve- about us from past guests. That’s a testament Arything – from the food to the lighting – to the quality we offer. And that’s the way it is sustainable, and materials are always recycled. should be.” “Sustainability is a general trend at confer- Digitalsation has, of course, reached the con- ences here,” says Lisa Wiklund, a Conference ference industry as well. People looking for a ABOUT THE Centre team member. suitable conference room use Google and email IVA CONFERENCE CENTRE People who book a meeting get more smart their questions. In a year some 2,600 meetings are sustainability into the bargain. The location – in “Quite a lot happens digitally these days. It’s arranged and attended by around 40,000 the heart of Stockholm – with an underground faster, and documenting customer requests is guests. In addition to IVA’s own division station around the corner, is a competitive ad- more exact than if we do it over the phone. We meetings, seminars and breakfasts, vantage. Other public transport options are just also have a chat function on our website where companies, government authorities and a stone’s throw away as well. one of us is always available.” organisations hold numerous conferences, shareholder meetings and courses here in “Our customers appreciate that. The location Another advantage for IVA’s Conference Cen- the modern conference rooms. is clearly a plus for us.” tre is that all of the staff members have a lot of But of course good transportation alone does experience of the industry. To serve delicious food, the Conference Centre has a partnership with the Grodan not fill conference rooms. “This enables us to guide people who aren’t restaurant loctated in the same building. “Advanced and high quality technology is used to booking meetings towards the best solu- among the things that people want, and we can tion for them,” says Lisa Wiklund, who is grate- Tradition, technology and world-class service are key elements for which the boast both state-of-the-art technology and tech- ful that she has, up to now, not needed to use centre has received the highest rating nical expertise.” one of her skills – knowing how to use a defi- from Svenska Möten, a conference centre “We have plenty of bookings and many re- brillator. member organisation.

66 NETWORKS & EXCHANGE

Technology evening for the Riksdag

VA’s annual reception for MPs and civil servants from the Riksdag (Swedish par- Iliament) assembled around 100 guests one Tuesday evening in late November. Thomas Strand (S), Chairman of the Swedish Society for Members of Parliament and Researchers (Rifo) kicked off the even- Barbro Westerholm. ing in the Wallenberg Auditorium. He spoke of the importance of the long-term partnership between IVA and Rifo, which includes knowledge-sharing lunches arranged at the Swedish parliament. Six of IVA’s Project Managers gave a brief presentation of their projects. All of them did so with great success and were rewarded by applause. The projects described to the parliamentarians were: Tekniksprånget, Jobbsprånget, Climate Crossroads, Resource Efficiency and the Circular Economy, Digital- isation for Increased Competitiveness, Good Cities of the Future and Smart Industry. IVA’s former President Björn O. Nilsson Thomas Strand. Lena Hallengren. then treated the guests to his well-illustrated speech on Progress in Science and Technol- ogy, model 2017. This was also met with re- sounding approval.

ABOUT RIFO

The Swedish Society for Members of Parliament and Researchers (Rifo) is a forum for contact and dialogue between members of the Swedish Riksdag (parliament) and researchers. Riksdag members, researchers involved in public or private research and, in special cases, other individuals whose work is considered of interest by the Society can become members. Thomas Helena Bonnier. Strand (S) has served as Chairman since 2015.

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The Office of the Academy IVA’S PROJECTS KNOWLEDGE TRIPS IVA has many IVA arranges is in Stockholm, but IVA’s projects in knowledge trips progress. and field trips activities are arranged all Seminars, throughout the workshops and country. One of around the country. These meetings in different parts of them is the Royal Technology the country are always included. Tour which in 2017 went to Lund cities are where IVA activities Project Director: Magnus and Malmö. IVA Chairman: Breidne. Leif Johansson (pictured). took place in 2017. Carl-Henrik Svanberg is IVA Chairman starting in 2018.

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IVA NORTH IVA SOUTH IVA WEST IVA BEC

IVA North is IVA South has Gothenburg is The Business based in Luleå. close links to the the hub for the Executives There are strong universities in activities of IVA Council (BEC) partnerships the Skåne region. West. Many issues has more than between Luleå Meetings on relating to the 250 member University of Technology and the topical economic and political future of the city and the region companies. Breakfast meetings business community. Many meet- issues are combined with field were discussed. Events organised and seminars with leaders from ings took place in Kunskapens trips. Chairman: Karl-Erik Årzén in cooperation with IVA’s sister the private and public sectors hus in Luleå. Chairman: Göran (pictured). Per Eriksson is academy in Norway, NTVA, are are arranged at several locations Carlsson (pictured). Erik Höglund Chairman starting in 2018. recurring elements. Chairman: in Sweden. Chairman: Eva is Chairman starting in 2018. Marianne Dicander. Hamilton.

69 ANNUAL MEETING On 27 October IVA members and guests assembled for the Academy’s Annual Meeting. This was the 98th Annual Meeting, an event steeped in tradition which concludes with a gala banquet and dancing at Stockholm City Hall.

70 70–7171 72 ANNUAL MEETING

Medals, mingling and a banquet

he 2017 Annual Meeting was a party from start to finish, with speeches, Tgold medal presentations and a banquet. It was also the occasion to say thank you and goodbye to Chairman Leif Johans- son and President Björn O. Nilsson, and for the premiere appearance of Tuula Teeri, the Academy’s new President. Leif Johansson took the opportunity to congratulate Jobbsprånget on recently secur- ing funding from the Wallenberg Foundation and the Ministry of Enterprise, Energy and Communications. He concluded by saying: “Knowledge and entrepreneurship have been vital over the past 100 years and will not be any less so over the next 100.” Björn O. Nilsson invited his successor to take park in a friendly Finland/Sweden contest. He asked Tuula Teeri questions about everything from the Eurovision Song Contest to sawn wood products. She did very well, an- swering five out of six correctly. The festivi- ties continued with the customary mingling, banquet and dancing at Stockholm City Hall.

ABOUT THE ANNUAL MEETING

Ever since IVA was formed the President has held a speech at the annual meetings describing advances in the realm of engineering sciences over the past year. These advances in research and technology are also published in the magazine which IVA launched in 1930. The first annual meetings were held in the golden ballroom at Grev Turegatan to which the Academy’s members and special guests arrived in their formal attire. Maria Dollhopf is the Project Manager.

73 73 Functionalism’s first architects educate the public

rchitects Sven Markelius and Uno men were also very active as writers, speakers Asplund had been planning for the Stockholm Åhrén were pioneers of Swedish func- and debaters, and had a particularly strong com- Exhibition for a while. The exhibition took place Ationalism and they also contributed to mitment to housing policy at a time when living the same year, 1930 – the year of the new archi- the new, post-war housing policy and zoning conditions in Sweden were cramped and hous- tecture’s breakthrough in Sweden. Markelius laws. ing standards were low. and Åhrén designed homes and furniture for The new modernism architecture – or func- Åhrén encountered the new architecture at the exhibition. tionalism as it would be called in Sweden – the Paris Exhibition in 1925 in the form of Le They were trailblazers and introduced and emerged in Europe in the first decade of the Corbusier’s L’Esprit Nouveau pavilion. He wrote applied the principles of the new architecture 20th century. The movement arrived in Sweden home filled with enthusiasm about the spacious and urban planning ideal. Åhrén helped shape in the 1920s. Markelius and Åhrén were instru- and airy structure. Two years later Markelius the new post-war housing policy and zoning mental in the movement’s breakthrough in Swe- met Walter Gropius, the architect, founder and laws. Markelius developed the “collective hous- den. They were active during a period of sweep- director of the Bauhaus school, and embraced ing” idea and participated in Stockholm’s renew- ing changes in society – from a Sweden where the new ideas. al after the war. Both men were very active par- poverty was widespread to the “Swedish middle Back home in Sweden Markelius and Åhrén ticipants in the debate about construction and way” (between socialism and capitalism) and decided to submit a joint proposal to a compe- planning. Their interdisciplinary and broad ap- the welfare state. When society changes, so too tition to design the Royal Institute of Technol- proach is rarely seen today. does the role of the architect and this was well- ogy’s student union building in Stockholm. It reflected in the multiple aspects of their work, was one of the first buildings in the new style This article is a shortened version of the text in involving everything from furniture design, in Sweden when it was completed in 1930. the 2017 Commemorative Booklet A tribute to wallpaper, textiles and individual buildings, to Gregor Paulsson, Director of the Swedish Soci- the memory of Sven Markelius and Uno Åhrén, urban planning and master planning. The two ety of Crafts and Design, and architect Gunnar written by Associate Professor Eva Rudberg.

74 Anders Scharp MSc Eng is receiving the Great Gold Medal for his important Hasse Johansson MSc Eng for his innovative contributions in contributions as head of Electrolux and as chairman of a long list of Sweden’s the automotive industry. Johansson created ground-breaking foremost export companies. With great integrity, unique business acumen technology which has been implemented in numerous light and and a clear vision, he has embraced new opportunities and technologies and heavy vehicle models. He also developed production processes steadily steered the development of several globally prominent industrial that have increased flexibility, enhanced adaptation possibilities companies, contributing to the success of Swedish business and industry. and improved environmental performance.

2017 GOLD MEDALLISTS For “outstanding achievements in the Academy’s focus areas,” IVA awarded its Great Gold Medal to Anders Scharp MSc Eng. The three 2017 Gold Medal recipients were Director Cristina Stenbeck, Hasse Johansson MSc Eng. and Professor Jens Nielsen.

Professor Jens Nielsen for his innovative and creative research in Director Cristina Stenbeck for her successful entrepreneurship and systems biology. His research is at the intersection of engineering many years of company development. As an active owner, leader and sciences and biology and is demonstrating how biotechnology is an innovator, she has helped to shape the Kinnevik Group’s successful focus alternative to traditional chemical engineering in the production of on new industries and technologies in global markets. Her outstanding simple chemicals. He has also established a large body of work focusing and innovative work has contributed to the renewal and development of on clinical applications. Swedish business and industry.

75 ROBOT PROFESSOR PAYS A VISIT

The world famous Japanese robot guru Hiroshi Ishiguro came alone to a well- attended seminar at IVA at the end of January 2017. He left his doppelgänger, an android, at home at Osaka University. It was exam time and his students needed his twin for their studies. Ishiguro is a popular speaker and is constantly travelling. When he doesn’t have time himself, his geminoid – as he calls his copy – takes his place. An efficient way to work, thinks the professor.

76 IVA Documentation 2017

Division affiliation in parentheses ADVISORY COUNCIL The Advisory Council includes the Chairman of the Academy, the chairs or THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE vice chairs of the Academy’s divisions, chairs of the regional networks and Leif Johansson (VI), Chairman 2012–2017 IVA’s President. The Secretary to the Academy as well as the chairmen of Pontus Braunerhjelm (XI), Vice Chairman 2016–2018 the Business Executives Council and the Industrial Research Committee Pam Fredman (XI), Vice Chairman 2015–2017 are also called upon to attend meetings. Maria Strømme (VII), Vice Chairman 2015–2017 Hand Stråberg (I), Vice Chairman 2017–2019 Leif Johansson (VI), Chairman Eva Hamilton (VI), Business Executives Council Chairman 2016–2018 Tuula Teeri (IV), President Tuula Teeri (IV), President of the Academy 2017–2023 Johan Weigelt, Secretary to the Academy Adjunct member: Veronika Aspvall, IVA Student Council Chairman Division chairmen Elected member of the Executive Committee from 1/1 2018 Monica Bellgran (I) Carl-Henric Svanberg (VI), Chairman 2018–2020 Birgitta Resvik (II) Pia Sandvik (XI), Vice Chairman 2018–2020 Ulrika Francke (III) Johan Sterte, (IV), Vice Chairman 2018–2020 Hans-Jürgen Federsel (IV) Karin Larsson (V)

THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

Leif Johansson Pontus Braunerhjelm Pam Fredman Maria Strømme

Hans Stråberg Eva Hamilton Tuula Teeri Veronika Aspvall

77 Marie Hafström (VI) Chairman Cecilia Daun Wennborg (VI) Sophia Hober (VII) Lars Winter, CEO (VIII) Elisabet Salander Björklund (VIII) Monica von Schmalensee, CEO (III) Mia Horn af Rantzien (IX) Professor Carolina Wählby (VII) Stefan Ståhl (X) Professor Xiaodong Zou (IV) Christina Ullenius (XI) Staffan Truvé (XII) Elected international members Professor Ning Bin Chairmen of IVA’s regional sections Professor Emmanuelle Charpentier Göran Carlsson (V), IVA North Professor Bradley Chmelka Karl-Erik Årzén (II), IVA South President R&D Mikael Dolsten Marianne Dicander Alexandersson (VI), IVA West Professor Hoda ElMaraghy Rector Mikko Hupa Chairmen of the IVA’s Business Executives Council Secretary General Wilhelm Krull and Industrial Research Committee (IFG) Pekka Lundmark, CEO Eva Hamilton (VI), Business Executives Council Pascal Soriot, CEO Peter Holmstedt (I), IFG Professor Thomas Wilhelmsson

Deceased members IVA MEMBERS Uno Alfredéen, MSc Eng (VI, 1992) As of 31 December 2017, IVA had 946 Swedish members Professor Sören Andersson (I, 1990) and 268 international members. Lars Arosenius, Licentiate in Engineering (II 1985, XII 1987) Erik Björck, MSc Eng (XII, 1988) Elected members Anders Björgerd, MSc Eng (II, 1965) Director John Abrahamson (IX) Doctor Erich Bloch (International member, 1984) Professor Anna Dreber Almenberg (IX) Ambassador Ulf Dinkelspiel (IX, 1990) Hannele Arvonen, CEO (VIII) Bo Fahlin, MSc Eng (VIII, 1991) President Stefan Bengtsson (XI) Professor Tore Frängsmyr (XI, 1984) Anna Bertilson, Director of Urban Planning (III) Sten Gustafsson, MSc Bus & Econ (XI, 1972) Professor Jan Bosch (XII) Professor Ingemar Höglund (III, 1977) Professor Mats Danielsson (VII) Doctor Klaus Liesen (International member, 1993) Professor Kristina Edström (II) Major-General Gunnar Lindqvist (I, 1978) President Marie Ekström Trädgårdh (XII) Professor David Magnusson (XI, 1988) Chairman Saeid Esmaeilzadeh (XI) Professor Olle Nilsson (VII, 1996) Maria Häll, CEO (XI) Jörgen Nilsson, MSc Eng (II, 1983) Professor Stefan Jansson (X) Doctor Henri Piatier (International member, 1983) Professor Karl Henrik Johansson (II) Professor Hans Rosling (XI, 2011) Kerstin Konradsson, CEO (V) Doctor Roland W. Schmitt (International member, 1989) Professor Fredrik Laurell (VII) Professor Lothar Späth (International member, 1985) Ronnie Leten, CEO (I) Director General Marianne Treschow (VII, 2005) Lotta Ljungqvist, CEO (X) Professor emeritus Bengt-Arne Vedin, MSc Eng, D.Eng. (XI, 1988) Professor Maureen McKelvey (VI) Doctor Claes Wilhelmsson (XI, 2002) Margaret McNamee, CTO (XI) Professor Lars H Zetterberg (II 1976, XII 1988) Professor Lisbeth Olsson (IV) Professor Lars Oxelheim (IX) Martin Pei, CTO (V) IVA DIVISIONS Professor Sara Rosengren (IX) Håkan Samuelsson, CEO (I) Division I – Mechanical Engineering Professor Christer Sandahl (VI) Professor Monica Bellgran, Chairman 2016–2018 Professor Licheng Sun (IV) Project Director Catharina Modahl Nilsson, Vice Chairman Maria Sunér Fleming, Head of Unit (II) 2016–2018 Chairman Patrik Tigerschiöld (VI) Professor Rikard Söderberg, Vice Chairman 2017–2019 Professor Holger Wallbaum (III) Secretary: Ingrid Jansson Victoria Van Camp, CEO (I) Number of members: 87

78 Division II – Electrical Engineering Division IX – Economics Vice President Birgitta Resvik, Chairman 2017–2019 CEO Mia Horn af Rantzien, Chairman 2016–2018 Research Director Karl Bergman, Vice Chairman 2017–2019 Chairman Anders Lindberg, Vice Chairman 2015–2018 Programme Manager Alf Isaksson, Vice Chairman 2017–2019 Staffan Bohman, MSc Bus & Econ, Vice Chairman 2015–2017 Secretary: Karin Byman Secretary: Hampus Lindh Number of members: 49 Number of members: 112

Division III – Building and Construction Cecilia Hermansson, PhD Econ., Vice Chairman CEO Ulrika Francke, Chairman 2016–2018 2018–2020 Project Director Anna Sander, Vice Chairman, 2016–2018 Professor Johan Woxenius, Vice President 2017–2019 Division X – Biotechnology Secretary: Staffan Eriksson Professor Stefan Ståhl, Chairman 2016–2019 Number of members: 78 Professor Lena Gustafsson, Vice Chairman 2017–2019 Björn Odlander MD, Vice Chairman 2014–2017 Division IV – Chemical Engineering Secretary: Maria Dollhopf Associate Professor Hans-Jürgen Federsel, Chairman 2014–2017 Number of members: 64 Michael Persson, D.Eng., Vice Chairman 2016–2018 Professor Lennart Bergström, Vice Chairman 2015–2017 Division XI – Education and Research Policy Secretary: Jan Westberg Professor Christina Ullenius, Chairman 2015–2017 Number of members: 74 Director of Social Policy Peter Larsson, Vice Chairman 2015–2017 Director Jan Nygren, Vice Chairman 2016–2018 Professor Martin Malmsten, Chairman 2018–2020 Secretary: Martin Wikström Henrik Thunman, Vice Chairman 2018–2020 Number of members: 76

Division V – Mining and Materials Director of Social Policy Peter Larsson, Chairman Professor Karin Larsson, Chairman 2015–2017 2018–2020 Gert Nilson, D.Eng., Vice Chairman 2015–2017 Director General Susanne Ås Sivborg, Vice Chairman Michael Persson, D.Eng., Vice Chairman 2017–2019 2018–2020. Secretary: Elin Vinger Elliot Number of members: 65 Division XII – Information Technology Research Director Staffan Truvé, Chairman 2017–2019 Gert Nilson, D.Eng., Chairman 2018–2020 Chairman Jane Walerud, Vice Chairman 2017–2019 Professor Lars Hultman, Vice Chairman 2018–2020 Professor Anders Ynnerman, Vice Chairman 2017–2018 Secretary: Linda Olsson Division VI – Management Number of members: 65 Marie Hafström, Bachelor of Laws, Chairman 2016–2018 Professor Sofia Börjesson, Vice Chairman 2016–2018 CEO Lars Stugemo, Vice Chairman 2016–2018 REGIONAL SECTIONS Secretary: Lotta Thörn Number of members: 127 IVA North CEO Göran Carlsson (V), Chairman 2015–2017 Division VII – Basic and Interdisciplinary Engineering Sciences Director of Sales Lars-Eric Aaaro (V), Vice Chairman 2015–2017 Professor Sophia Hober, Chairman 2017–2019 Vice-Chancellor Johan Sterte (IV), Vice Chairman 2015–2017 Professor Hjalmar Brismar, Vice Chairman 2015–2017 Secretaries: Eva Lagerblad, Lennart Elfgren (III) CEO Ann Louise Johansson, Vice Chairman 2017–2019 Secretary: Eva Lagerblad Pro-Vice-Chancellor Erik Höglund, Chairman 2018–2020 Number of members: 98 IVA South Division VIII – Forest Technology Professor Karl-Erik Årzén (II), Chairman 2015–2017 Director Elisabet Salander Björklund, Chairman 2015–2017 Göran Harrysson, MSc Eng (X), Vice Chairman 2015–2017 D.Eng. h.c. Ola Hildingsson, Vice Chairman 2015–2017 Associate Professor Sven Mattisson (II), Vice Chairman 2015–2017 CEO Brigitta Sundblad, Vice Chairman 2017–2019 Secretary: Marika Thunberg Petersson Secretary: Johanna Theander Number of members: 54 Professor Per Eriksson, Chairman 2018–2020

79 IVA West Changes in the Executive Committee from 1 January 2018 Chairman Marianne Dicander (VI), Chairman, 2016–2018 Professor Sofia Börjesson, Vice Chairman 2016–2018 Members: Fundraising Director Håkan Simonsen, Vice Chairman 2015–2017 Lena Olving (I), Micronic 2018–2020 Secretary: Gustaf Wahlström Mohammed Homman, Vironova 2018–2020 Kristina Alsér (I), Vice Chairman Swedish Agency Director Torbjörn Holmström, (NR) 2018–2020 for Economic and Regional Growth 2015–2018

Members of IRC Adjunct members: (in brackets is the division that nominated the IRC member) Torbjörn Holmström, IVA West Marcus Brunskog, Linnéakademien Anders Berglund (I), Scania CV AB, 2017–2019 Peter Björnängen (II), Mycronic AB, 2016–2018 Lena Bruce (VIII), Sveaskog, 2017–2019 MEETINGS Jeanette Edblad (XI), Ministry of Enterprise, Energy and Communications, 2017–2019 19 January in Stockholm Petra Edwards (IV), AstraZeneca R&D, 2016–2018 Swedish launch of the World Bank’s Doing Business Report 2017 Lars GJ Hammarström (X), SciLife Lab, 2015–2017 Seminar – IVA and Entrepreneurship Forum. Maria Homman (IV), Vironova AB, 2016–2018 Karin Ifwer (II), Vattenfall AB, 2015–2017 19 January in Oskarshamn Olof Johansson (III), Swedish Transport Administration, 2017–2019 Smart Industry – How are companies Christopher Jouannet (I), Saab Aeronautics, 2016–2018 in the Kalmar region meeting the challenges of digitalisation? Peter Lindelöf (XI), Vinnova, 2016–2018 B2B Forum – IVA’s Smart Industry project, IUC Kalmar and Automation Monica Ringvik (VII), AstaZero, 2015–2017 Region Galina Esther Shubina (XII), Gradient Descent AB, 2015–2017 Katarina Stetler (I), Kairos Future, 2015–2017 24 January in Stockholm Maria Åstrand (V), Swerea KIMAB AB, 2017–2019 Humanoid Robots – What is the status of the research? Chairman: Peter Holmstedt (I), 2014–2018 Seminar – IVA in cooperation with the Embassy of Japan, Japan Society for Coordinator: Maria Dollhopf the Promotion of Science and Sweden-Japan Foundation

25 January in Gothenburg BUSINESS EXECUTIVES COUNCIL West Sweden, Knowledge Region – What needs to be done to make it 254 companies, government agencies and organisations were members more attractive? of the Business Executives Council in 2017. They were represented by 254 Seminar – IVA West members, 131 alternates and 266 contact persons. 26 January in Stockholm Executive Body The Digital Revolution Chairman: Eva Hamilton (VI), LKAB 2016–2018 – from idea to consumer experience with Electrolux Vice Chairman: Pia Sandvik (XI), RISE 2015–2017 Breakfast meeting with Jonas Samuelson Vice Chairman: Jonas Wiström (VI), Ratos 2016–2018 – IVA’s Business Executives Council Kristina Alsér (I), Swedish Agency for Economic and Regional Growth 2015–2018 26 January in Stockholm Magdalena Gerger (VI), Systembolaget 2015–2019 Sustainable agriculture – What does this mean today and in the future? Mernosh Saatchi, Humblestorm (2014–2018) Seminar – IV’s Biotechnology division and KSLA Lars Stugemo (VI), HiQ 2015–2019 Johan Söderström (II), ABB 2017–2019 31 January in Stockholm Johan Öberg, BCG 2015–2017 German Swedish Tech Forum and award ceremony for the Smart Industry competition Adjunct members Seminar – IVA’s Smart Industry project in cooperation Hamdija Jusufagic, System Verification Sweden (IVA South) with the German-Swedish Chamber of Commerce Thomas Nilsson, NJT Konsult (IVA North) Håkan Simonsen, Chalmers University of Technology (IVA West 7 February in Stockholm until 31 December 2017) Proteins – Both friends and enemies Lars Lindblom, Samarkand Seminar – IVA’s Basic and Interdisciplinary Engineering Sciences division

80 8 February in Stockholm 16 March in Luleå New Agenda for the Forest Industry Fossil-free Sweden Seminar – IVA’s Forest Technology division Seminar with Svante Axelsson – IVA North

9 February in Lund 17 March in Luleå Sustainable tools without critical raw materials Now we are expanding Sweden Seminar – IVA South A seminar with Peter Eriksson – IVA North, IVA’s Business Executives Council and Norrlandsfonden 13 February in Stockholm Swedish mining industry – Competitive and attractive enough? 20 March in Stockholm Seminar – IVA’s Mining and Materials division Different seats of learning – different roles in society Seminar – IVA’s Research Outlook project 14 February in Stockholm Field trip to Fortum, Värtaverket 21 March in Stockholm IVA’s Electrical Engineering division Patent disputes in the biotech industry Seminar with Niklas Mattsson – IVA’s Biotechnology division 15 February in Stockholm Field trip to the Royal College of Music, KMH 21 March in Gothenburg IVA’s Management division Nordic region takes the lead in electricity of the future Seminar – IVA West, IVA’s Electricity Crossroads project 15 February in Gävle and the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences (NTVA) The Environment: arena of possibilities Seminar with Johan Kuylenstierna 22 March in Stockholm – IVA North, IVA’s Business Executives Council and How are we planning for attractive living environments of the future? Norrlandsfonden Seminar – IVA’s Good Cities of the Future project

20 February in Stockholm 23 March in Stockholm Should the Riksbank issue electronic money? From digitalisation to customer benefits Seminar – IVA’s Economics Division Breakfast meeting with Helena Barnekow – IVA’s Business Executives Council 21 February in Stockholm GoBiGas – The Future or a fiasco of epic proportions 28 March in Lund Seminar – IVA’s Chemical Engineering division Field trip to Qlik in Lund With CEO Lars Björk – IVA South 22 February in Stockholm Tekniksprånget and Jobbsprånget 30 March in Stockholm – How IVA is helping future talent Prince Daniel’s Entrepreneurship Day Seminar – Assembly of the Academy IVA’s Prince Daniel’s Fellowship project

23 February in Stockholm 5 April in Linköping Sustainable cities of the future Field trip to NFC and the Police in Linköping – What needs to be done to build as soon as tomorrow? IVA’s Information Technology division Seminar – IVA Good Cities of the Future project 6 April in Stockholm 1 March in Gothenburg What are the social challenges of digitalisation? Thinking along new lines Knowledge lunch in cooperation with RIFO – Organisational innovation in the care sector Seminar – IVA West 6 April in Uppsala School and university visits 8 March in Stockholm IVA’s Prince Daniel’s Fellowship project Brexit – How will research and higher education be affected in the UK and Sweden? 7 April in Stockholm Seminar – IVA’s Education and Research Policy division Sweden’s electricity system – How to ensure delivery reliability and the Swedish Agency for Growth Policy Analysis Seminar – IVA’s Electricity Crossroads project

81 11 April in Malmö 11 May in Stockholm The growing video game industry Team development for successful research and development Field trip to Massive Entertainment in Malmö – IVA South Seminar – IVA and Vinnova

19 April in Lund 15 May in Stockholm Molecular tricks on a microscale – diagnostics of the future Cyber security – Challenges Swedish businesses Seminar – IVA South Seminar – IVA’s Mechanical Engineering and Information Technology divisions 20 April in Stockholm A hundred days with Trump 16 May in Trollhättan Breakfast meeting with Carl Bildt – IVA’s Business Executives Council School and university visits IVA’s Prince Daniel’s Fellowship project 20 April in Kalmar Linnéakademien’s spring meeting 17 May in Gothenburg IVA’s Business Executives Council Gothenburg in transition Seminar – IVA West and IVA’s Building and Construction division 24 April in Stockholm and IVA’s Good Cities of the Future project Quality journalism under pressure Seminar – IVA’s Management 18 May in Luleå division Digitalisation – How will your business meet the challenges? B2B forum – IVA’s Smart Industry project, IVA North 24 April in Stockholm Region Norrbotten and IUC Norrbotten Do we have the research and innovation system we deserve in Sweden? Seminar – IVA’s Research Outlook project 23 May in Kristianstad School and university visits 25 April in Stockholm IVA’s Prince Daniel’s Fellowship project Energy Transition – We know where we need to go, but how do we get there? 23 May in Umeå Seminar – IVA’s Electrical Engineering division The resource-efficient, sustainable and profitable company Seminar – IVA North, IVA’s Business Executives Council 26 April in Stockholm and Norrlandsfonden Can new innovative environments help develop the forest industry? Seminar – IVA’s Innovation in the Forest Industry project 23 May in Skellefteå The resource-efficient, sustainable and profitable company 26 April in Borås Seminar – IVA North, IVA’s Business Executives Council Field trip to the Swedish School of Textiles, University of Borås and Norrlandsfonden IVA West 31 May in Stockholm 27 April in Stockholm Breakfast meeting with IAN Lundin Forest raw materials from a consumer perspective IVA’s Business Executives Council Seminar – IVA and the Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry 31 May in Barsebäck 27 April in Stockholm Field trip to Barsebäcksverket From mapping human building blocks to clinical practices IVA South Seminar – IVA’s Biotechnology division 1 June in Stockholm 2 May in Stockholm Field trip to Perstorp Industripark and Perstorp AB Fact resistance and science denial IVA’s Chemical Engineering division Seminar – IVA’s Basic and Interdisciplinary Engineering Sciences division and IVA’s Research and Education division 2 June in Stockholm Affordable living – an international 10 May in Stockholm comparison between Hong Kong, Berlin and Stockholm Post-election analysis: Which direction is France heading? Seminar – IVA’s Good Cities of the Future project Seminar – IVA’s Economics division

82 8 June in Stockholm 6 September in Gothenburg Internationalisation of research, Breakfast meeting with Pia Sandvik education and innovation – Why is it important? IVA West and RISE Knowledge lunch in cooperation with RIFO 6 September in Ludvika 12 June in Stockholm Digitalisation – How will your business meet the challenges? Opinion forming journalism today – On what terms? Seminar – IVA’s Smart Industry project, Samarkand Seminar – Assembly of the Academy and Region Dalarna

3 July in Visby 13 September in Stockholm Digitalisation for Increased Competitiveness 5G – Headless and driverless? Seminar – IVA’s Digitalisation for Increased Seminar – IVA’s Basic and Interdisciplinary Engineering Sciences division Competitiveness project 19 September in Stockholm 3 July in Visby New research energy or brain drain Housing policy on doubtful foundations – What were the effects of AstraZeneca concentrating its research? – Who will live in all the expensive new homes? Seminar – IVA’s Chemical Engineering division Seminar – IVA’s Good Cities of the Future project 21 September in Stockholm 3 July in Visby Field trip to Bankföreningen How cheap should biofuels be? IVA’s Economics division Seminar – IVA Innovation in the Forest Industry project 27 September in Gothenburg 3 July in Visby Peter Wallenberg Jr Electroshock threatens delivery reliability Seminar – IVA’s Business Executives Council Seminar – IVA’s Electricity Crossroads project 27 September in Gothenburg 3 July in Visby School and university visits What does the new innovation partnership IVA’s Prince Daniel’s Fellowship project between Germany and Sweden involve? Seminar – IVA and the German-Swedish Chamber of Commerce 27 September in Stockholm Attractive Living Environments and Flows: 3 July in Visby Eight themes in planning good cities of the future How Sweden will win the green race Seminar – IVA’s Good Cities of the Future project Seminar – IVA Resource Efficient Business Models project and IVA’s Building and Construction division

4 July in Visby 28 September in Stockholm Challenge-driven entrepreneurship Batteries have the potential to revolutionise the electric power Seminar – IVA’s Entrepreneurship initiative for the Academy’s 100th sector and the transport sector How can Sweden become a key anniversary actor? Knowledge lunch in cooperation with RIFO 4 July in Visby World-class knowledge 3 October in Viken Seminar – IVA’s Entrepreneurship initiative for the Academy’s 100th Field trip to Välinge Innovation Sweden anniversary IVA South

4 July in Visby 4 October in Stockholm Getting newcomer university graduates into the job market – How hard Career path equality – How we can we increase the number can it be? women leaders in business and industry? Seminar – IVA Jobbsprånget project Seminar – IVA’s Student Council

4 September in Stockholm 5 October in Linköping New Mega Scale Transmission as key enabler for renewable energy Field trip to Linköping University and Mjärdevi Science Park Seminar – IVA’s Electricity Crossroads project IVA’s Mechanical Engineering division

83 10 October in Stockholm 14 November in Gothenburg Doing business with AI How can universities contribute to sustainable development Seminar – IVA’s Information Technology and Electrical Engineering divisions for people, the planet and prosperity? Seminar – IVA West 12 October in Stockholm Systembolaget – best at service 15 November in Stockholm Breakfast meeting with Magdalena Gerger – IVA’s Business Executives Digitalisation – How will your business meet the challenges? Council Seminar – IVA’s Smart Industry project, Ericsson and the County Administrative Board for Stockholm County 12 October in Östersund The resource-efficient, sustainable and profitable company 16 November in Stockholm Seminar – IVA North, IVA’s Business Executives Council and Norrlands- Artificial Intelligence AI fonden – On everyone’s lips, but what are the real opportunities? Knowledge lunch in cooperation with RIFO 17 October in Lund The Infrastructure of the Future: Basic Science in Dynamic Regions 16 November in Stockholm Seminar – IVA South Fossil-free Steel – Future technology med SSAB Breakfast meeting with Martin Lindqvist – IVA’s Business Executives Council 17 October in Uppsala School and university visits 16 November in Stockholm IVA’s Prince Daniel’s Fellowship project Clean Water – Vital in good cities of the future Seminar – IVA’s Building and Construction division 25 October in Stockholm and IVA’s Good Cities of the Future project The Nobel Turing Challenge – When will AI win its first Nobel Prize? Seminar – IVA in cooperation with the Embassy of Japan, Japan Society for 21 November in Stockholm the Promotion of Science and Sweden-Japan Foundation How the world’s thinnest and strongest materials can benefit society Seminar – IVA’s Mining and Materials division 26 October in Stockholm Africa – Cooperation for Business and Innovation 22 November in Stockholm Seminar – IVA’s Programme Council for Africa Global competitive and creative environments Seminar – IVA’s IRC leadership programme 26 October in Stockholm in connection with the Assembly of the Academy Future challenges for the Canadian forestry industry Seminar – IVA’s Forest Technology division 27 November in Malmö Managing Big Infrastructure Projects – Challenges and opportunities 26 October in Stockholm Seminar – IVA South What do biofuels and cancer have in common? Seminar – IVA Science & Society Forum 27 November in Gothenburg Progress in Science and Technology 2017 7 November in Stockholm Seminar – IVA West How are suppliers meeting the new digitalisation requirements? Seminar – German-Swedish Chamber of Commerce and IVA 29 November in Stockholm Digital business – What does the business model look like? 8 November in Stockholm Seminar – IVA’s Business Executives Council and IVA’s Information Intestinal flora and our metabolism Information Technology and Management divisions Seminar – IVA’s Biotechnology division 5 December in Stockholm 8 November in Lund How is industry investment in research and development progressing? Rumours about the death of radio technology are greatly exaggerated Seminar – IVA’s Economics and Education and Research divisions Seminar – IVA South 6 December in Gothenburg 13 November in Luleå Getting newcomer university graduates into the job market Progress in Science and Technology 2017 – How hard can it be? Seminar – IVA North Seminar – IVA Jobbsprånget project and IVA West

84 6 December in Stockholm Staffan Helgesson, Creandum Advisor Sweden VERA Arne Kaijser (VI), KTH IVA’s Knowledge initiative for the Academy’s 100th anniversary Christer Larsson (III), Malmö City Eva Nygren, Swedish Transport Administration (III) 7 December in Hillerstorp Peter Nygårds (III) Digitalisation – How will your business meet the challenges? Per Strömberg, ICA Gruppen B2B forum – IVA’s Smart Industry project, Åsa Söderström Jerring (III) Automation Småland and Region Småland Mattias Tingvall, Vattenfall Project Manager: Staffan Eriksson, IVA 7 December in Stockholm Are cars needed in good cities of the future? Innovation in the Forest Industry Seminar – IVA’s Mechanical Engineering division Chairman: Olof Persson (VI), Cerbrus and IVA’s Good Cities of the Future project Lars Berglund (V), KTH Ingrid Bodin, Preem 14 December in Lund Magnus Breidne, IVA Progress in Science and Technology 2017 Magnus Hall (VIII), Vattenfall Seminar – IVA South Carina Håkansson (VIII), Swedish Forest Industries Federation Per Lindberg (VIII), BillerudKorsnäs 18 December in Uppsala Sara Mazur (XI), Ericsson School and university visits Lennart Rådström (VIII) IVA’s Prince Daniel’s Fellowship project Birgitta Sundblad (VIII), Innventia Peter Wågström, NCC Johan Öberg, BCG STEERING COMMITTEES FOR IVA’s PROJECTS IN 2017 Project Manager: Hampus Lindh, IVA

Digitalisation for Increased Competitiveness Mentor4Research Chairman: Jan Nygren (XI), PrimeKey Chairman: Rolf Skoglund (XII), ID Invest Karl Bergman (II), Vattenfall Magnus Breidne, IVA Magnus Breidne, IVA Björn O. Nilsson (X) Anne-Marie Eklund Löwinder (XII), Internetstiftelsen i Sverige, IIS Adjunct member: Jan Sandred, Vinnova Erik Ekudden, Ericsson AB Project Manager: Anders Gezelius, Strategize Patrik Fältström (XII), Netnod Tobias Krantz, Confederation of Swedish Enterprise NTA Digital Cecilia Molinder (IVA Student Council), KTH Chairman: Staffan Truvé (XII), Recorded Future AB Pia Sandvik (XI), RISE Caroline Ankarcrona, Wallenberg Foundations Nils Svartz, MSB Bengt Nilsson, NTA School Development Cecilia Sjöberg, Vinnova Ylva Engström, Stockholm University Dag Ströman, FMV/CSEC Agneta Gulz, Lund University Karl-Petter Thorwaldsson, LO Anders Ynnerman (XII), Linköping University Urban Wass, AB Volvo Project Manager: Per Hjertén, IVA Peter Wahlgren, Swedish Law and Informatics Research Institute at Stockholm University Prince Daniel’s Fellowship Project Manager: Per Hjertén, IVA Honorary Chairman: H.R.H. Prince Daniel Chairman: Marcus Wallenberg (VI), SEB Good Cities of the Future Carl Bennet (XI), Carl Bennet AB Chairman: Gabriel Urwitz (IX), Segulah Advisor Karolin A. Johansson, The Royal Court Magnus Breidne, IVA Johan Skarborg, Academic Work Johan Celsing, Johan Celsing Arkitektkontor Johan Weigelt, IVA Anders Egelrud, Fortum Sweden Project Manager: Jenny Nordlöw, IVA Ulrika Francke (III), Tyréns Kerstin Gillsbro, Jernhusen Smart Industry – Jury Gunilla Glasare, Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions Chairman: Johan Weigelt, IVA Emma Gretzer, Swedish Research Council Formas Monica Bellgran (I), KTH Anders Hall, Swedish National Police Board Hans Enocson, Aggrandir AB

85 Torbjörn Holmström, AB Volvo Anders Regnell, Vattenfall Danica Kragic Jensfelt (II), KTH Gunilla Saltin, Södra Björn Langbeck, Swedish Agency for Economic and Regional Growth Maria Sandqvist, Teknikföretagen Sara Mazur (XI), Ericsson Maria Suner Fleming (II), Confederation of Swedish Enterprise Mikael Rudin, ABB Ulf Troedsson, Siemens Ulf Troedsson, Siemens Adjunct member: Alf Larsen, E.ON Klas Wåhlberg, Teknikföretagen Adjunct member: Ellika Olsson Aas, IF Metall Project Manager: Johan Carlstedt, IVA Adjunct member: Pernilla Winnhed, Swedenergy Project Manager: Jan Nordling, IVA Tekniksprånget and Jobbsprånget Chairman: Jan-Eric Sundgren (VII), Teknikföretagen Helen Dannetun (XI), Linköping University PROGRAMME COUNCILS 2017 Johan Forssell, Investor AB Lena Gumaelius, Vetenskapens hus, KTH Water Vesna Jovic, SKL Eva Färnstrand (VIII) Tobias Krantz, Confederation of Swedish Enterprise Britt-Inger Andersson (VIII) Peter Larsson (XI), Swedish Association of Graduate Engineers Georgia Destouni (III) Anders Lindberg (IX), JKL Tord Svedberg (IV) Camilla Modéer (XI), IVA Anna Bertilson (III) Björn O. Nilsson (X), Ursus Innovation AB Secretary: Staffan Eriksson, IVA Helena Stjernholm (IX), Industrivärden Head of Tekniksprånget and Jobbsprånget: Alexandra Ridderstad Preparation for next European Framework Project Manager Jobbsprånget: Eva Glaumann Programme for Research and Innovation (FP9) Chairman: Sophia Hober (VII) Research Outlook Jan-Eric Sundgren (VII) Chairman: Gunnar Svedberg (IV) Lars Hultman (V) Magnus Breidne, IVA Gunnar Svedberg (IV) Charlotte Brogren (XI), Vinnova Stefan Bengtsson (XI) Lars Hultman (V), Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, SSF Kristina Mjörnell (III) Åke Iverfeldt, Mistra Secretary: Martin Wikström, IVA Birgitta Palmberger, Swedish Energy Agency Malin Persson (XI), Accuracy Ingenjörs- och Konsultbyrå Ingrid Petersson (X), Swedish Research Council Formas DISTINCTIONS, SCHOLARSHIPS AND AWARDS Lars Rask, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation Madelene Sandström, Knowledge Foundation The Medal Committee 2017 Lars Wärngård, Forte Chairman: Arne Kaijser (VI) Eva Åkesson, Uppsala University Peggy Bruzelius (IX) Adjunct member: Andreas Göthenberg, STINT Anders Ekblom (X) Project Manager: Martin Wikström, IVA Pontus Johnson (II) Camilla Modéer (XI) Electricity Crossroads Susanne Norgren (V) Chairman: Bo Normark (II), Power Circle Marie Schrewelius Arwidson (VIII) Vice Chairman: Peter Nygårds (III), Swedbank Rolf Skoglund (XII) Lina Bertling Tjernberg, KTH Magnus Breidne, IVA Medals Runar Brännlund (IX), UMU Anders Scharp MSc Eng is awarded the Great Gold Medal for his Mikael Dahlgren, ABB important contributions as head of Electrolux and as chairman Anders Ferbe, IF Metall of a long list of Sweden’s foremost export companies. With Håkan Feuk, E.ON great integrity, unique business acumen and a clear vision, he Mats Gustavsson, Boliden has embraced new opportunities and technologies and steadily Kjell Jansson, Swedenergy steered the development of several globally prominent industrial Johan Kuylenstierna, SEI companies, contributing to the success of Swedish business and Ulf Moberg, SVK industry. Birgitta Resvik (II), Fortum

86 Professor Jens Nielsen is receiving IVA’s Gold Medal for his innovative and The Thulin Medal creative research in systems biology. His research is at the intersection of The Swedish Society of Aeronautics and Astronautics (FTF) and the Royal engineering sciences and biology and is demonstrating how biotechnology Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences decided to award Thulin Silver is an alternative to traditional chemical engineering to produce simple Medals in 2017 to Per Bodin for his extraordinarily meritorious work on chemicals. He has also established a large body of work focusing on developing control systems for spacecraft and to Mikael Petersson for clinical applications. his crucial work in developing precise, stable and lightweight reflector antennas for spacecraft. The Thulin Medal is the highest distinction within Director Cristina Stenbeck is receiving the Gold Medal for her successful the aerospace industry in Sweden. The Swedish Society of Aeronautics entrepreneurship and many years of business development. As an active and Astronautics and IVA have chosen winners of the medal every year owner, leader and innovator, she has helped to shape the Kinnevik Group’s since 1944. It is awarded to commemorate aircraft pioneer Enoch Thulin. successful focus on new industries and technologies in global markets. The Thulin Medals in gold, silver and bronze are awarded to individuals Her outstanding and innovative work has contributed to the renewal and who have made important contributions to the development of aerospace development of Swedish business and industry. engineering in Sweden.

Hasse Johansson MSc Eng is receiving the Gold Medal for his innovative Smart Industry contributions in the automotive industry. Johansson created ground- Småland company Emballator Plastics & Innovations won the first prize in breaking technology which has been implemented in numerous light the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences’ new Smart Industry and heavy vehicle models. He also developed production processes that competition. The prize was presented by IVA’s President Professor Björn have increased flexibility, enhanced adaptation possibilities and improved O. Nilsson at the first German-Swedish Tech Forum at IVA in Stockholm environmental performance. on 31 January introduced by German Chancellor Angela Merkel and Swedish Prime Minister Stefan Löfven. Aspegren Scholarship Johan Wendt is awarded the 2017 John and Margaretha Aspegren Wallenberg Academy Fellows Scholarship for his successful social entrepreneurship and his Wallenberg Academy Fellows is a career programme where the most work inspiring children and young people, encouraging them to promising young researchers in natural sciences, social sciences and the get interested in and study mathematics, science, technology and humanities receive resources for long-term development of their work. programming. The scholarship was awarded at the Annual Meeting The programme was created by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation of the Academy on Friday, 27 October in the Concert Hall. in close cooperation with five royal academies and sixteen Swedish universities. 24 new Wallenberg Academy Fellows were named in 2017. IVA’s award for scientific journalism – Hans Bergström Award Since the programme started in 2012 a total of 174 young researchers have This award was established based on a donation from IVA member been named Wallenberg Academy Fellows. Hans Bergström and is to promote a scientific approach in the media. The amount awarded is SEK 100,000. The award in 2017 went to PM Nilsson, editorial writer for the Dagens industri newspaper. IVA’s Hans RESPONSES TO COMMISSION REPORTS Bergström Award for journalism was awarded for the third time at a In 2017 IVA commented or expressed an opinion on the well-attended seminar on opinion journalism. following proposals and reports referred for consideration:

Hans Werthén Foundation Ministry of the Environment and Energy In 2017 16 scholarship recipients shared a total of SEK 1,600,000 million. Report on proposed strategy for increased use of solar energy (ER The purpose of the scholarships is to give young university graduates 2016:16), and Proposal for comprehensive solar energy statistics (ER an opportunity for development in another country and then return 2016:20). to Sweden with new knowledge and experiences that they can use in industry, business or the academic sphere in Sweden. The Foundation was Energy Commission report Joint action for the future energy system established in 1990 in honour of Hans Werthén PhD for his lifework as an (SOU 2017:02) engineer and business leader. Commission on Control mechanisms to prevent waste to promote a King Carl XVI Gustaf 50th Anniversary Fund circular economy, 2016:3 M2017/00779/Ke The purpose of the Fund is to promote research, technical development and enterprise that contributes to the sustainable use of natural resources Ministry of the Environment and Energy and the preservation of biodiversity. In 2017 the Fund distributed four Memorandum on Water environment and hydropower,M2017/01639/R scholarships of SEK 100,000 each and six of SEK 85,000. The candidates are nominated by individuals who are members of IVA and/or active in Ministry of Enterprise, Energy and Communications research and enterprise. The scholarship recipients are announced on Report: Methods and criteria to evaluate performance and quality in H.M. The King’s birthday and presented at a reception at the Royal Palace. cooperation between universities and their communities N2017/00055/IFK

87 Ministry for Education and Research IVA-M 487: Drivers and consequences of urban development – A report SOU 2017:10 New order to promote good practices in research and deal from the IVA project Good Cities of the Future, 2017, 48 pages. with research fraud U2017/00732/F IVA-M 488: Future Electricity Production in Sweden – A report from Report on Personal data processing in research the IVA project Electricity Crossroads, 2017, 44 pages. (SOU 2017:50) IVA-M 489: Reliability in Sweden’s electricity system – A report from Ministry of Justice the IVA project Electricity Crossroads, 2017, 56 pages. The Ministry’s memorandum Communication for our joint security Ds 2017:7 IVA-M 490: Commemorative Booklet, A Tribute to the Memory of Sven Markelius and Uno Åhrén, 2017, 42 pages.

PUBLICATIONS IVA-M 491: Idea Driven Urban Planning – Upward Development Spirals, A report from the IVA project Good Cities of the Future, 2017, 40 pages. IVA-M-series IVA-M 492: Innovation in the Forest Industry – Final report from the IVA-M 475: Electricity Market of the Future – A report from the IVA IVA project Innovation in the Forest Industry, 2017, 20 pages. project Electricity Crossroads, 2017, 36 pages. IVA-R-series IVA-M 476: Drivers and consequences of urban development A report from the IVA Good Cities of the Future, 2017, 48 pages. IVA-R 505: Four seats of learning, four roles? IVA project Research Outlook, 2017, 64 pages. IVA-M 477: Sweden’s Future Electrical Grid – A report from the IVA project Electricity Crossroads project, 2017, 56 pages. IVA-R 506: Development contract between Government and universities – Report from Four seats of learning, four roles? IVA IVA-M 478: Urban Planning Practices – how good cities of the future project Research outlook, 2017, 16 pages. are managed and planned, A report from the IVA project Good Cities of the Future, 2017, 24 pages. IVA-R 507: Funding for needs-driven and strategic research – An international outlook – IVA project Research Outlook, 2017, 60 pages. IVA-M 479: Future Electricity Production in Sweden – A report from the IVA project Electricity Crossroads project, 2017, 44 pages. IVA-R 508: Research funding allocation and use among Swedish universities – Report from Four seats of learning four roles? IVA IVA-M 480: Electricity in the Future – Effect on the climate and project Research Outlook 2017, 28 pages. environment – A report from the IVA project Electricity Crossroads, 2017, 64 pages. OMBUDSMAN IVA-M 481: Delivery reliability in the electricity supply – A report Erik Nymansson, Justice of the Supreme Administrative Court from the IVA project Electricity Crossroads, 2017, 56 pages.

IVA-M 482: Future Value Chains and Venture Capital – A report from AUDITORS the IVA project Innovation in the Forest Industry, 2017, 40 pages. Anki Bystedt, appointed by the Government Karl-Olof Hammarkvist (IX) IVA-M 483: Challenges, Roles and Conditions for Swedish Research Lars-Gunnar Mattsson (VI) – Final report from the IVA project Research Outlook, 2017, 44 pages. Peter Ekberg, Authorised Public Accountant Jan Palmqvist, Authorised Public Accountant IVA-M 484: New Bio-based Materials from the Forest – A report from the IVA project Innovation in the Forest Industry, 2017, 24 pages. INVESTMENT COMMITTEE IVA-M 485: Built environment, fuel and energy – A report from the Chairman: Anne-Marie Pålsson (IX) IVA project Innovation in the Forest Industry, 2017, 52 pages. Hans Dalborg (IX) Irma Rosenberg (IX) IVA-M 486: Attractive Living Environments and Flows – Eight Björn O. Nilsson, President of IVA (X) until 1 November 2017 themes in planning good cities of the future, A report from the IVA Tuula Teeri, President IVA (IV) from 1 November 2017 project Good Cities of the Future, 2017, 76 pages. Lotta Thörn, CFO IVA

88 IVA MANAGEMENT GROUP

Tuula Teeri Magnus Breidne Lars Fog Camilla Koebe Monica Krutmeijer Lotta Thörn Johan Weigelt President Vice President Projects Property Manager Vice President Business Assistant to the CFO Secretary to the Academy, and Communications President Vice President

GRANTS FOR IVA’s ACTIVITIES The Hans and Barbara Bergstrom Foundation Implementation of the Academy’s projects is made possible by external Swedish Agency for Economic and Regional Growth grants. Some of the companies, public authorities and foundations that Swedish Transport Administration contributed funds in 2017: Tyréns Research Foundation Vattenfall Atrium Ljungberg Vinnova Billerud-Korsnäs AB Volvo Swedish Energy Agency Ericsson Forte EMPLOYEES (December 2017) Swedish Research Council Formas Tuula Teeri, President Fortum Monica Krutmeijer, Assistant to the President Handelsbanken Ingvar Kamprad Development office Jernhusen Katarina Mellström JM Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation Projects and Academy activities Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (MSB) Johan Weigelt, Secretary to the Academy, Vice President Ministry of Enterprise, Energy and Communications Johan Carlstedt Nordea Maria Dollhopf Preem Per Hjertén SCA Ingrid Jansson SEB Eva Lagerblad Siemens Malin Mohr Swedish National Agency for Education Jenny Nordlöw The Knowledge Foundation Linda Olsson Mistra – Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research Monica Sannerblom Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research Marcus and Amalia Wallenberg Memorial Foundation Magnus Breidne, Vice President Projects ÅForsk Foundation Caroline Ankarcrona Sveaskog Karin Byman Svenska kraftnät (Sweden’s national grid) Elin Vinger Elliot Swedenergy Staffan Eriksson Confederation of Swedish Enterprise Caroline Linden Swedish Construction Federation (BI). Hampus Lindh Swedbank Jan Nordling Sydkraft Gustaf Wahlström Södra Martin Wikström Teknikföretagen

89 Tekniksprånget and Jobbsprånget Finance, IT and Administration Alexandra Ridderstad, Head of Tekniksprånget and Jobbsprånget Lotta Thörn, CFO Ida Bosson Lena Anderson Linus Brandin Sheryhan Benzon Eva Glaumann Jakob Bjarnason Helena Gyrulf Fredrik Johansson Tina Hemlin Käcke Carolina Ljung Mattias Lindberg Marika Thunberg Petersson Sabinor Lönnroth Linnea Strömstedt Nina Rudbeck Paula Runsten Property and Conference Centre Josefin Sandö Lars Fog, Property Manager Binette-Rose Seck Lennart Ohlsson Robert Saccone Business and Communications Camilla Koebe, Vice President Business and Communications IVA Conference Centre Pelle Isaksson Charlotta Svedberg, Conference Director Henrik Lagerträd Britta Aulio Anna Lindberg Ann Clauson Lars Nilsson Karl-Fredrik Eriksson Pär Rönnberg Anna-Karin Friskopps Johanna Theander Robert Komakech Jan Westberg Malin Kratz Samira Zayane Elisabeth Wiklund

ISSN: 1100-5645 ISBN: 978-91-7082-971-0

Project Management: Jan Westberg, Gustaf Wahlström Texts: Lars Nilsson, Pär Rönnberg, Jan Westberg Layout: Pelle Isaksson Printed by: Exakta

Photos: Pär Rönnberg, Karolinska Institutet, Husqvarna Museums arkiv, TT-Nyhetsbyrån, Centerpartiet, Adam Haglund/Apelöga, Ewa Almqvist/IKON, Magnus Aronson/IKON, Elin Vinger Elliot, Alex Knight/Unsplash, Daniel Roos, Graham Trott, Ida Gyulai/Vallastaden, Staffan Eriksson, Kristian Pohl/Regeringskansliet, Samueli Pentti, Riksbanken, Jonas Lindstedt, Petri Anttila, Fredrik Hjerling/Tysk-Svenska Handelskammaren, Hallbauer & Fioretti, Camilla Svensk, Erik Cronberg, Martin Vinger Elliot, Sebastian LaMotte, Kinnevik, Lars Nilsson BO KÄLLSTRAND PIERRE LAFFITTE FREDRIK LAGERGREN SVEN TORBJÖRN LAGERWALL RUNE LAGNEBORG CHRISTINA LAMPE-ÖNNERUD JOHAN LANDFORS HÅKAN LANS ANDERS LANSNER PIERRE LAPOINTE HANS JØRGEN LARSEN ALLAN LARSSON CHRISTER LARSSON GUNNAR LARSSON HANS LARSSON KARIN LARSSON KÅRE LARSSON LARS A LARSSON LARS G LARSSON PETER LARSSON STIG LARSSON STIG-GÖRAN LARSSON ULF LARSSON FREDRIK LAURELL THOMAS LAURELL ERIK LAUTMANN KI JUN LEE YUAN TSEH LEE NILS LEFFLER BO LEHNERT BERTHOLD LEIBINGER MATS LEIJON MARTIN LEIMDÖRFER CAROLA LEMNE GÖSTA LEMNE RONNIE LETEN HANS LEVANDER CHRISTOFER LEYGRAF ANNE L’HUILLIER MOFANG LI JAN OLOF LIDEFELT SVEN LIDIN BERT LILJA JAN-OLOV LILJENZIN OTTO LIN GÖRAN LINDAHL MARCUS LINDAHL LENNART LINDAU ASSAR LINDBECK ANDERS LINDBERG BENGT LINDBERG HANS LINDBERG PER LINDBERG GÖRAN LINDBERGH KERSTIN LINDELL KARL-AXEL LINDEROTH GEORG LINDGREN INGVAR LINDGREN MATS LINDGREN BJÖRN LINDMAN JOHAN LINDMAN LEIF LINDMARK ELISABETH LINDNER ANDERS LINDQUIST EVA LINDQVIST PER-ARNE LINDQVIST SVANTE LINDQVIST ANDERS LINDROTH BO S LINDSTRÖM KATARINA LINDSTRÖM MIKAEL LINDSTRÖM MÅRTEN LINDSTRÖM TOM LINDSTRÖM PER-ERIK LINDVALL LUDWIK LISZKA ULLA LITZÉN JOHAN LIU LENNART LJUNG LARS LJUNGDAHL LOTTA LJUNGQVIST KARIN LJUNGSTRÖM SVEN-OLOF LODIN RON LONG ERLING LORENTZEN MARTIN LORENTZON AMORY B. LOVINS QIANG LU VILHJÁLMUR LUDVIKSSON FREDRIK LUNDBERG JAN M LUNDBERG MAGNUS LUNDBERG ERIK LUNDGREN NILS LUNDGREN GÖRAN LUNDIN PEKKA LUNDMARK STEFAN LUNDMARK GUDMAR LUNDQVIST PER LUNDQVIST ULF LUNDQVIST MARTIN LUNDSTEDT INGEMAR LUNDSTRÖM STELLAN LUNDSTRÖM LENNART LÜBECK BENGT LÖFKVIST SVEN LÖFQUIST PER LÖTSTEDT MICHAEL G:SON LÖW JAN LÖWSTEDT PER-OLOF LÖÖF GERO MADELUNG TORBJÖRN MAGNUSSON GÖRAN S. MALM JOHAN MALMQUIST MARTIN MALMSTEN EVA MALMSTRÖM JONSSON ROBERT MALPAS KARIN MARKIDES ANDERS MARTIN-LÖF SVERKER MARTIN- LÖF JAN MARTINSSON BO MATTIASSON SVEN MATTISSON LARS-GUNNAR MATTSSON OVE MATTSSON ÖRJAN MATTSSON JOHN MAYO KIRAN MAZUMDAR- SHAW SARA MAZUR MAUREEN MCKELVEY MARGARET MCNAMEE SARAH MCPHEE CARVER A MEAD DAG MEJDELL ARNE MELANDER JUDITH MELIN ALAIN MÉRIEUX MIRKA MIKES-LINDBÄCK MILLE MILLNERT FRANÇOIS MIQUEL KRISTINA MJÖRNELL CHRISTINA MOBERG CATHARINA MODAHL NILSSON CAMILLA MODÉER HÅKAN MOGREN PER-ERIK MOHLIN PETER MOLDÉUS PER MOLIN HELMUT MORITZ OSAMU MOTOJIMA INGEMAR MUNDEBO EMILIO MUÑOZ RUIZ EARLL M MURMAN ALEX MYERS EGIL MYKLEBUST JAN-ANDERS MÅNSON OLA MÅNSSON ARNE MÅRTENSSON KAJ MÅRTENSSON YVONNE MÅRTENSSON MART MÄGI ERNA MÖLLER LARS NABSETH TOMOKO M. NAKANISHI VENKATESH NARAYANAMURTI ANDERS NARVINGER JULIUS NATTERER LENA NEIJ ROBERT M NEREM IVARS NERETNIEKS YRJÖ NEUVO KERSTIN NIBLAEUS MARTIN NICKLASSON TOMAS NICOLIN JENS NIELSEN LARS NIELSEN GERT NILSON ANN-MARIE NILSSON BJÖRN O. NILSSON ELISABETH NILSSON HANS NILSSON KRISTINA L NILSSON LARSGUNNAR NILSSON LARS-OLOF NILSSON LEIF NILSSON NILS J. NILSSON AINA NILSSON STRÖM SVEN-CHRISTER NILSSON ANNA NILSSON VINDEFJÄRD ANNA NILSSON-EHLE STEN NORDBERG BENGT NORDÉN WILLIAM D NORDHAUS BENGT NORDIN ANDERS NORDSTRAND LARS E NORDSTRÖM LARS G NORDSTRÖM MARGARETA NORELL BERGENDAHL SUSANNE NORGREN TORBJÖRN NORIN MALCOLM NORLIN BO NORMARK STAFFAN NORMARK HANS NORRSTRÖM CURT NORSTEDT CHRISTER NORSTRÖM ALASTAIR NORTH ANETTE NOVAK LARS NYBERG THORSTEN NYBOM LARS NYBORG JONAS NYCANDER EVA NYGREN JAN NYGREN PETER NYGÅRDS CARL-ERIK NYQUIST ORVAR NYQUIST ANDERS NYRÉN STAFFAN NÄSSTRÖM BØRGE OBEL AGNETA ODÉN BJÖRN ODLANDER RAGNAR OHLSON LENNART OHLSSON JORMA OLLILA JAN OLLNER HANS OLOFSSON MAGNUS OLOFSSON GREGORY B. OLSON CURT G OLSSON HANS-OLOV OLSSON LISBETH OLSSON OLLE OLSSON ULF OLSSON ULF OLSSON LENA OLVING ROBERT ONSANDER VYTAUTAS OSTASEVICIUS LARS OTTOSON LARS OXELHEIM JAN-OVE PALMBERG BENGT PALMÉR INGEGERD PALMÉR JUNI PALMGREN DATTATRAY PARASNIS BORIS PATON JOSEPH PAULRAJ AROGYASWAMI IMRE PÁZSIT MARTIN PEI BERTIL PEKKARI VIRGIL PERCEC GÖRAN A PERSSON JAN-CRISTER PERSSON LARS PERSSON LENNART PERSSON MALIN PERSSON MATS PERSSON MICHAEL, E PERSSON NILS-GÖRAN PERSSON OLOF PERSSON STEFAN PERSSON TORSTEN PERSSON INGRID PETERSSON PER-ERIK PETERSSON GIORGIO PICCI MARIE-PAULE PILENI BYRON PIPES BERND PISCHETSRIEDER MARIA POPPEN WIKLANDER MICHAEL PORTER WILLIAM POWERS ANNE-MARIE PÅLSSON SVANTE PÄÄBO MARIAN RADETZKI LARS RAMQVIST KARL-GUSTAV RAMSTRÖM MARIA RANKKA JUHA RANTANEN ANDERS RANTZER ANDERS RASMUSON JØRGEN RASSING HANS RAUSING LAURE REINHART MAGNUS RENÉ BIRGITTA RESVIK RUDOLF RIGLER MATS G RINGESTEN ARNE RISBERG ROBERT O. RITCHIE HANS ROBERTSON JOHAN ROCKSTRÖM ASBJØRN ROLSTADÅS GÖRAN ROOS CARL WILHELM ROS SUNE ROSELL BJÖRN ROSÉN IRMA ROSENBERG LARS-GÖRAN ROSENGREN SARA ROSENGREN JENS ROSTRUP-NIELSEN DAVID ROWCLIFFE ELLIS RUBINSTEIN EVA RUDBERG NILS RYDBECK BENGT RYDÉN BO RYDIN HANNU RYÖPPÖNEN LENNART RÅDSTRÖM KARIN RÖDING AULIS SAARINEN PAUL SAFFO KARL-ERIK SAHLBERG KERSTIN SAHLIN MAURITZ SAHLIN ELISABET SALANDER BJÖRKLUND AVELINO SAMARTIN LARS SAMUELSON HÅKAN SAMUELSSON CHRISTER SANDAHL ANN-SOFIE SANDBERG GÖRAN SANDBERG HANS SANDBERG JOHN SANDBLOM ANNA SANDER ÅKE SANDER ERIK SANDEWALL MADELENE SANDSTRÖM ROLF SANDSTRÖM PIA SANDVIK PHILIPPE SANSONETTI BJÖRN SAVÉN ANDERS SCHARP CECILIA SCHELIN SEIDEGÅRD DAVID SCHINDLER MARIE SCHREWELIUS ARWIDSON PETER SCHURTENBERGER JAN-ÅKE SCHWEITZ LOUIS SCHWEITZER JOHAN SCHÜCK NILS-HERMAN SCHÖÖN BAL RAJ SEHGAL ULRICH SEIFFERT YASUJI SEKINE SACHIO SEMMOTO ERIK SERRANO HOMI SETHNA EUGENE SHCHUKIN DAN SHECHTMAN JOHAN SIBERG HANS SIEVERTSSON DAG SIGURD OZIRES SILVA KERSTIN SIRVELL RUNE SIRVELL ANDERS SJÖBERG BERNDT SJÖBERG LENNART SJÖBERG SÖREN SJÖLANDER CHRISTER SJÖLIN LARS SJÖSTEDT SVEN-ERIK SJÖSTRAND ROLF SKOGLUND MAGNUS SKOGLUNDH HARALD SKOGMAN INGRID SKOGSMO KENTH SKOGSVIK HANS SKOOG ROLF SKÅR SARA SNOGERUP LINSE MICHAEL SOHLMAN EVELYN SOKOLOWSKI JIAN SONG PASCAL SORIOT METE SOZEN JAN-OLOF SPERLE ERICH SPITZ BJÖRN SPRÄNGARE YNGVE STADE KARI STADIGH ANITRA STEEN LARS STEHN STIG STENDAHL ERIK STENEROTH URBAN STENHEDE PER STENIUS BENGT STENLUND ANNIKA STENSSON TRIGELL PER STENSTRÖM OLOV STERNER JOHAN STERTE HÅKAN STILLE HELENA STJERNHOLM PETER STOICA MARCUS STORCH PER STORM KJELL STRANDBERG LARS STRANNEGÅRD HANS STRÅBERG LARS STRÖMBERG PER STRÖMBERG MARIA STRÖMME DAG STRÖMQVIST LARS STUGEMO BENGT STYMNE JAN-ERIC STÅHL STEFAN STÅHL NAM PYO SUH LICHENG SUN CARL JOHAN SUNDBERG KAJSA SUNDBERG BIRGITTA SUNDBLAD JAN-ERIC SUNDGREN BO SUNDQVIST ANDERS SUNDSTRÖM MARIA SUNÉR FLEMING SUBRA SURESH WOJCIECH SUWALA HELENE SVAHN CARL-HENRIC SVANBERG SUNE SVANBERG BJÖRN SVEDBERG GUNNAR SVEDBERG TORD SVEDBERG BIRGITTA SWEDENBORG CHRISTER SVENSSON JONAS SVENSSON SVANTE SVENSSON ÅKE SVENSSON ARNOLD LEE SWINDLEHURST JAN SVÄRD RIKARD SÖDERBERG STAFFAN SÖDERBERG ULF SÖDERGREN PATRIK SÖDERHOLM HANS TSON SÖDERSTRÖM ÅSA SÖDERSTRÖM JERRING JOHAN SÖDERSTRÖM SVERKER SÖRLIN HÅKAN SÖRMAN CHRISTOFFER TAXELL TUULA TEERI GREG TEGART MICHAEL TENDLER CHRISTINA TENFÄLT BJÖRN TENGROTH HENRIK TENGSTRAND JAN TENGZELIUS PÁL TÉTÉNYI CLAES THEGERSTRÖM DIRK THOENES HANS THOMANN BERTIL THORNGREN TOMAS THORVALDSSON LARS H THUNELL HENRIK THUNMAN LARS THYLÉN FREDRIK TIBERG PATRIK TIGERSCHIÖLD ANNE-MARIE TILLMAN AZUSA TOMIURA JAN TORIN ANNA-KARIN TORNBERG LINUS TORVALDS HAMADOUN I. TOURÉ MICHAEL TRESCHOW LENA TRESCHOW TORELL STEN TROLLE JAMES TRUCHARD STAFFAN TRUVÉ GÖRAN TUNHAMMAR ANTHONY TURNER KYÖSTI TUUTTI MARGARETA TÖRNQVIST VILMOS TÖRÖK JAN UDDENFELDT INGRID UDÉN MOGENSEN MATHIAS UHLÉN BJÖRN UHRENIUS ANDERS ULFVARSON ANDERS ULLBERG CHRISTINA ULLENIUS ANDERS ULLMAN SVEN ULLRING JONAS UNGER JAAK URMI HEINRICH URSPRUNG GABRIEL URWITZ JAMES UTTERBACK ULF WAHLBERG BJÖRN WAHLROOS JANE WALERUD ANDERS WALL HOLGER WALLBAUM HARRIET WALLBERG JACOB WALLENBERG PETER WALLENBERG JR MARCUS WALLENBERG MARY WALSHOK ANNA VALTONEN ALEXANDRA WALUSZEWSKI HENDRIK VAN BRUSSEL VICTORIA VAN CAMP CEES VAN LEDE MARC VAN MONTAGU YU-ZHU WANG NILS-GÖSTA VANNERBERG CHRISTER WANNHEDEN ANNA WEDELL ANDERS VEDIN PER-OLOF WEDIN PÄR WEIHED PETER WEISS SVEN WEJDLING EVGENY VELIKHOV HÅKAN WENNERSTRÖM DAN WERBIN ANDERS WERME GUNNAR WESSMAN JÖRGEN VESSMAN HEIJE WESTBERG ULF WESTBERG MARGARETA WESTER LARS WESTERBERG BARBRO WESTERHOLM PER-HÅKAN WESTIN HÅKAN WESTLING PER WESTLUND ALBERT WESTWOOD GUNNAR WETTERBERG JAMES A WEYHENMEYER CLAUS WEYRICH STEFAN WIDEGREN JERKER WIDENGREN EVA WIGREN HANS WIGZELL CLAS WIHLBORG HANS WIJERS OLLE WIJK JAN WIKANDER STEN WIKANDER ÖRJAN WIKFORSS GÖSTA VIKING MARTIN WIKLUND SOLVEIG WIKSTRÖM ÅKE WIKSTRÖM JURGIS VILEMAS ANNE MARIE WILHELMSEN THOMAS WILHELMSSON ANDERS VINBERG GERT WINGÅRDH GREGORY WINTER LARS WINTER HERBERT WIRTH JONAS WISTRÖM ARNE WITTLÖV HENNING WITTMEYER CLAES WOHLIN LARS WOHLIN SVANTE WOLD ROLF WOLFF BJÖRN WOLRATH ALEXANDER VON GABAIN GUNNAR VON HEIJNE MONICA VON SCHMALENSEE HANS VON UTHMANN TOM VON WEYMARN EUGENE WONG JOHAN WOXENIUS JISONG WU SIEGFRIED ZHIQIANG WU MATTI VUORIA LARS WÅGBERG PETER WÅLLBERG CAROLINA WÄHLBY TORGNY WÄNNSTRÖM GUANHUA XU KUANGDI XU RONGLIE XU HAJIME YAMASHINA SHUNPEI YAMAZAKI JUHA YLÄ-JÄÄSKI ANDERS YNNERMAN NAOYA YODA HIROYUKI YOSHIKAWA GERMAN ZAGAINOV IVO ZANDER JENS ZANDER UDO ZANDER RICHARD NEIL ZARE NIKLAS ZENNSTRÖM JI ZHOU XIAODONG ZOU INGEGERD ÅGREN JOHN ÅGREN PÄR ÅHLSTRÖM ANNIKA ÅHNBERG BENGT ÅKESSON KARL-ERIK ÅRZÉN SUSANNE ÅS SIVBORG CHRISTER ÅSLUND NILS ÅSLUND LARS ÅSTRAND JAN ÅSTRÖM KARL JOHAN ÅSTRÖM ÅKE ÖBERG HALLVARD ØDEGAARD IVAN ÖFVERHOLM LARS ÖJEFORS PER ANDERS ÖRTENDAHL GUSTAF ÖSTBERG JERRY ÖSTER LEIF ÖSTLING LARS ÖSTMAN 92