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Kepemimpinan Karismatik: Studi Tentang Kepemimpinan Politik Megawati Soekarnoputri Dalam Pdip Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan

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Kepemimpinan Karismatik: Studi Tentang Kepemimpinan Politik Megawati Soekarnoputri Dalam Pdip Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan KEPEMIMPINAN KARISMATIK: STUDI TENTANG KEPEMIMPINAN POLITIK MEGAWATI SOEKARNOPUTRI DALAM PDIP PARTAI DEMOKRASI INDONESIA PERJUANGAN Skripsi Diajukan kepada Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Sosial (S.Sos) Oleh Hadi Mustafa NIM: 1060320 1174 PROGRAM STUDI ILMU POLITIK FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 1431/2011 LEMBAR PERNYATAAN Dengan ini saya menyatakan bahwa: 1. Skripsi ini merupakan hasil karya asli saya yang diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu persyaratan memperoleh gelar strata 1 di UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 2. Semua sumber yang saya gunakan dalam penulisan ini telah saya cantumkan sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku di UIN syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 3. Jika di kemudian hari terbukti bahwa karya ini bukan hasil karya asli saya atau merupakan hasil jiblakan dari karya orang lain, maka saya bersedia menerima sanksi yang berlaku di UIN syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Ciputat, 13 Juni 2011 Hadi Mustafa KEPEMIMPINAN KARISMATIK: STUDI TENTANG KEPEMIMPINAN POLITIK MEGAWATI SOEKARNOPUTRI DALAM PDIP PARTAI DEMOKRASI INDONESIA PERJUANGAN Skripsi Diajukan untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Sosial (S.Sos) Oleh: Hadi Mustafa NIM: 10603201174 Di bawah bimbingan A. Bakir Ihsan, M.Si NIP: 19720412 200312 1 002 PROGRAM STUDI ILMU POLITIK FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 1431/2011 “Karma Nevad Ni Adikaraste Ma Phalesu Kada Canna,” “Kerjakan kewajibanmu dengan tidak menghitung-hitungkan akibatnya!” (Presiden Soekarno) PENGESAHAN PANITIA UJIAN Skripsi berjudul KEPEMIMPINAN KARISMATIK: STUDI TENTANG KEPEMIMPINAN POLITIK MEGAWATI SOEKARNOPUTRI DALAM PARTAI DEMOKRASI INDONESIA PERJUANGAN telah diujikan dalam sidang munaqasyah Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta pada 17 Juni 2011. Skripsi ini telah diterima sebagai salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar Sarjana Sosial (S.Sos) pada Program Studi Ilmu Politik. Jakarta, 17 Juni 2011 Sidang Munaqasyah Ketua Merangkap Anggota, Sekretaris Merangkap Anggota, Ali Munhanif, Ph.D M. Zaki Mubarak, M.Si NIP: 19651212 19903 1 004 NIP: 19730927 200501 1 008 Anggota, Penguji I Penguji II Idris Thaha, M.Si M. Zaki Mubarak, M.Si NIP: 19660805 200112 1 001 NIP: 19730927 200501 1 008 Pembimbing, A. Bakir Ihsan, M.Si NIP: 19720412 200312 1 002 ABSTRAK Hadi Mustafa Kepemimpinan Karismatik: Studi Tentang Kepemimpinan Politik Megawati Soekarnoputri dalam PDIP (Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan) Nama Megawati Soekarnoputri muncul sebagai calon Ketua Umum PDI (Partai Demokrasi Indonesia) terkuat pada Kongres Luar Biasa (KLB) PDI di Surabaya, akibat dari kisruh kongres PDI IV di Medan yang berujung pada kegagalan. Pemerintah sudah tidak suka dengan gaya kepemimpinan Soerjadi yang terkesan sudah membandel dan tidak mau menuruti kemauan pemerintah. Kemunculan nama Megawati itu ternyata di luar skenario pemerintah Orde Baru. Mutlak kemenangan Megawati di KLB yang didukung oleh golongan bawah sebagai simbol perlawanan terhadap intervensi pemerintah di internal partai tersebut. Kemudian kemenangannya itu dilanjutkan dengan Musyawarah Nasional (Munas) di Jakarta. Hal ini Menunjukkan bahwa Megawati merupakan pemimpin karismatik yang berpengaruh dan bukan hanya sebagai ibu rumah tangga biasa. Megawati bisa menjadi vote getter karena nama besar ayahnya yaitu Soekarno (Presiden Pertama Indonesia) yang melekat pada dirinya. Ia merupakan pemimpin karismatik yang digandrungi oleh para kader dan simpatisannya. Resistensi sebagai ketua umum partai terhadap intervensi pemerintah, serta sikapnya yang berani beroposisi layak ia disandingkan dengan para tokoh nasional lainnya. Ia merupakan salah satu tokoh penggerak perubahan di penghujung pemerintahan despotis Orde Baru. Melalui penelitian ini penulis mencoba menjabarkan perihal bagaimana Megawati menjadi pemimpin yang karismatik selain karena faktor trah dari Soekarno. Kemudin penelitian ini juga menjawab bagaimana Megawati bisa mempertahan kepemimpinan karismatiknya tersebut selama beberapa kali memimpin Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan (PDIP). Megawati memiliki ciri-ciri sebagai pemimpin karismatik yaitu di antaranya sebagai pemimpin yang percaya diri, memiliki visi misi, dan pelopor perubahan. Adapun faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan Megawati menjadi pemimpin yang karismatik di dalam PDIP di antaranya karena faktor trah Bung Karno, sistem kepartaian yang sangat sentralistik dan monoloyalitas kepada figur sentral Megawati. Kata kunci: Megawati Soekarnoputri, oposisi, karismatik, dan Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan (PDIP). i KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur penulis haturkan kepada Ilahi Robbi, Tuhan yang Maha Sempurna. Sumber ilmu dari segala ilmu. Raja dari segala raja. Maha Pencipta dari segala pencipta. Atas segala rahmat dan karunia-Nya sehingga penulisan skripsi ini dapat diselesaikan. Solawat serta salam penulis tidak lupa haturkan kepada baginda Nabi Besar Muhammad. Sebagai panutan abadi umat, pemimpin yang mampu menjadi tauladan bagi semua. Penulis menyadari jika penulisan skripsi ini tidak akan pernah selesai tanpa bantuan dan dorongan dari berbagai pihak. Ini merupakan salah satu capaian yang penulis hasilkan selama menempuh pendidikan di Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Terima kasih penulis haturkan kepada segenap civitas akademika UIN Jakarta: kepada Prof. Dr. Komaruddin Hidayat selaku Rektor UIN beserta staf dan jajarannya, Ucapan terima kasih kepada Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik (FISIP) Prof. Dr. Bahtiar Effendy beserta staf dan jajarannya. Dan juga Ketua Program Studi Ilmu Politik Ali Munhanif, Ph.D. beserta M. Zaki Mubarak, M.Si selaku Sekretaris Program Studi Ilmu Politik. Tak lupa penulis menyampaikan terima kasih kepada A. Bakir Ihsan, M.Si selaku dosen pembimbing yang bersedia meluangkan waktu untuk memberikan arahan dan bimbingan terhadap penulisan skripsi ini. Kepada Idris Thaha, M.Si yang memberikan banyak kritik, masukan, serta saran kepada penulis agar sabar dan teliti dalam menyusun karya ilmiyah. Ucapan terima kasih ii kepada segenap dosen FISIP UIN Jakarta, yang tidak bisa disebutkan satu per satu tanpa mengurangi rasa hormat penulis kepada beliau semua. Upacan terima kasih yang sedalam-dalamnya penulis sampaikan kepada kedua orang tua: Bapak Kariadi dan Ibu Widjiati yang memberikan segalanya kepada penulis hingga sampai penulis tidak mampu membalas segala pengorbanannya. Untuk keluarga besar dan para saudara tercinta yang telah banyak memberikan doa kepada penulis: Ita Purwati, Syafa’atun, Robiatin, Zaenab Hafidz, Cholidah, Iin Muthmainnah, Fathurahman, salam sayangku selalu. Kepada segenap Pengurus DPP PDIP yang telah memberikan banyak data berupa informasi, sumber buku, dan wawancaranya sehingga penulis bisa lebih mudah mengerjakan skripsi ini dengan baik. Rasa terima kasih juga penulis sampaikan kepada segenap rekan, sahabat dan juga teman: Kepada Anwar beserta segenap sahabat Pergerakan Mahasiswa Islam Indonesia (PMII), Rosidi beserta kawan-kawan Front Mahasiswa Nasional (FMN), rekan-rekan Himpunan Mahasiswa Islam, (HMI), Dino Munfaidzin beserta para punggawa Forum Kajian Ciputat School (CS), para aktivis Forum Mahasiswa Politik Indonesia (Formapi), dan teman-teman di Vocational Training Center (VTC) Pasar Rebo. Kepada segenap teman seperjuangan; Dedi Candra, Prio Pamungkas, Asharul Hakim, Altea Maria, Lukman Harfah, Santi vebriana, Afrina, Ahmad Haris Hariri, Bara Ilyasa, Ahmad Riki, Yebi Ma’asan, Dede Sahruddin, Anwar Saputra, dan teman-teman lainnya yang tidak bisa disebutkan satu per satu, yang iii telah memberikan masukan, dialog, dan juga pengalamannya sehingga penulisan ini bisa terselesaikan. Terakhir ucapan terima kasih kepada Listya Anggraeni beserta keluarga besarnya di Bandung, yang telah banyak memberi dukungan, inspirasi, dan juga semangat kepada penulis agar secepatnya menyelesaikan kuliah. Mereka merupakan keluarga kedua bagi penulis. Semoga apa yang penulis susun dalam skripsi ini bisa bermanfaat untuk semua pada umumnya dan penulis sendiri pada khususnya. Saran dan masukan yang membangun sangat penulis harapkan demi kemajuan penulisan selanjutnya. Jakarta, 10 Juni 2011 Penulis iv DAFTAR ISI ABSTRAK………………………………………………………………………...i KATA PENGANTAR………………………………………………...…...…….ii DAFTAR ISI………………………………………………………..………… ..v BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Latar BelakangMasalah…………………………….……...……..1 B. Batasan dan Rumusan Masalah…………………………………..8 C. Tujuan Penelitian ……………………………………….………..9 D. Manfaat Penelitian……………………………….………...……..9 E. Metode Penelitian …………………….……………………...…..9 F. Sistematika Penulisan……………….………………..…………11 BAB II TEORI KEPEMIMPINAN DAN PEMIMPIN KARISMATIK A. Teori Kepemimpinan…………………………………………….13 B. Teori Kepemimpinan Karismatik……………...……..….………17 BAB III BIOGRAFI POLITIK MEGAWATI SOEKARNOPUTRI A. Biografi Megawati Soekarnoputri………….………………….…20 B. Pemikiran dan Perjalanan Politik……………….…………….….23 C. Kemenangan Megawati sebagai Ketua Umum dalam Setiap Kongres PDIP…………………………. ……………...…37 1. Kongres PDIP Pertama…….…………...………..………….37 2. Kongres PDIP Kedua……………………..….......…….……38 3. Kongres PDIP Ketiga ………………………...…..……..…..39 v BAB IV KEPEMIMPINAN KARISMATIK; POTRET KEPEMIMPINAN MEGAWATI SOEKARNOPUTRI SEBAGAI PEMIMPIN PDIP A. Sosok Megawati dalam Sifat-sifat Kepemimpinan Karismatik……...……………...……………….43 1. Memiliki Rasa Percaya Diri…………….………………..…..43 2. Memiliki Visi dan Misi……………………………...……….45 3. Menjadi Sosok yang Fenomenal……………..…..……….…48
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