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Political Dynasty and Party Institutionalization: a Case Study of Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan (Pdip) 1999-2015

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Political Dynasty and Party Institutionalization: a Case Study of Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan (Pdip) 1999-2015 POLITICAL DYNASTY AND PARTY INSTITUTIONALIZATION: A CASE STUDY OF PARTAI DEMOKRASI INDONESIA PERJUANGAN (PDIP) 1999-2015 BY SYIFAK MUHAMMAD YUS A dissertation submitted in fulfilment of requirement for the degree of Master of Human Sciences in Political Science Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences International Islamic University Malaysia OCTOBER 2016 ABSTRACT Political dynasty is a common practice in Indonesian politics. It is compounded by the dependency of political parties on their leadership figures. The Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDIP) is considered as the biggest political party in Indonesia’s post-Suharto era. The existence of Sukarno’s political dynasty in PDIP is not only seen as part of their history but also as the identity of the party and becomes their uniqueness. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of Sukarno’s political dynasty towards PDIP institutionalization and how it works with the existing liberal democratic system in Indonesia. This research is based on two theories: elite theory and party institutionalization theory. However, political dynasty theory as an extraction of elite theory is also used in the framework to provide better understanding of the concept. In this research, the PDIP institutionalization is measured by combining Levitsky’s (1998) model with the Mark Weatherall’s (2013) approach as well as Basedau and Stroh’s (2008) model. This research is a qualitative study that includes field research to seek information through observation and interviews. The results of the findings show that the Sukarno’s political dynasty has contributed to the institutionalization of PDIP. ii ﻣﻠﺨﺺ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ABSTRACT IN ARABIC اﻟﺴﻼﻟﺔ اﳊﺎﻛﻤﺔ ﻫﻲ ﳑﺎرﺳﺔ ﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ اﻹﻧﺪوﻧﻴﺴﻴﺔ، إ�ﺎ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺗﺒﻌﻴﺔ اﻷﺣﺰاب اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎ廬ﺎ اﻟﻘﻴﺎدﻳﺔ، إن ﺣﺰب اﻟﻜﻔﺎح اﻟﺪﳝﻘﺮاﻃﻴﺔ اﻹﻧﺪوﻧﻴﺴﻲ ﻳﻌﺪ أﻛﱪ ﺣﺰب ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﰲ إﻧﺪوﻧﻴﺴﻴﺎ وأﺳﺲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﺼﺮ ﺳﻮﻫﺎرﺗﻮ، وﻻ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ إﱃ وﺟﻮد ﺳﻼﻟﺔ ﺳﻮﻛﺎرﻧﻮ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺣﺰب اﻟﻜﻔﺎح اﻟﺪﳝﻘﺮاﻃﻲ اﻹﻧﺪوﻧﻴﺴﻲ ﺑﻮﺻﻔﻪ ﺟﺰءًا ﻣﻦ 庎رﳜﻬﻢ ﻓﻘﻂ، وﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻮﺻﻬﺎ ﻫﻮﻳﺔ اﳊﺰب ًأﻳﻀﺎ وﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﻃﺎﺑﻌﻬﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﺪ، ﻏﺮض ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻫﻮ دراﺳﺔ 庄ﺛﲑ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺳﻮﻛﺎرﻧﻮ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﲡﺎﻩ َﻣﺄْ َﺳ َﺴﺔ ﺣﺰب اﻟﻜﻔﺎح اﻟﺪﳝﻘﺮاﻃﻲ اﻹﻧﺪوﻧﻴﺴﻲ، وﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺪﳝﻘﺮاﻃﻴﺔ اﻟﻠﻴﱪاﱄ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﰲ إﻧﺪوﻧﻴﺴﻴﺎ، ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ُﻣﻄَّﻮرة ًاﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺘﲔ: ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ وﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﺄﺳﺴﺔ اﳊﺰب وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﺈن ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﺴﻼﻟﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﲤﺜﻞ اﺳﺘﺨﻼﺻﺎ ﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ وﻫﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ إﻃﺎر اﻟﺒﺤﺚ أﻳﻀﺎ ﻟﺘﻮﻓﲑ ﻓﻬﻢ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﺼﻠﺢ، ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﺈن ﻣﺄﺳﺴﺔ ﺣﺰب اﻟﻜﻔﺎح اﻟﺪﳝﻘﺮاﻃﻲ اﻹﻧﺪوﻧﻴﺴﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﺳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﲨﻊ ﳕﻮذج ﻓﻴﺘﺴﻜﻲ (1998) ﻣﻊ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﻣﺎرك وﻳﺪرال (䚎 (2013ﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﱃ ﳕﻮذج 䚎ﺳﻴﺪاو وﺳﱰوﻩ (2008) ﻫﺬا اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻫﻮ دراﺳﺔ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ، ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﳌﻴﺪاﱐ ﻟﻄﻠﺐ اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﳌﺮاﻗﺒﺔ واﳌﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ، وﻗﺪ أﻇﻬﺮت ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ أن ﺳﻼﻟﺔ ﺳﻮﻛﺎرﻧﻮ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺗﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﰲ ﻣﺄﺳﺴﺔ ﺣﺰب اﻟﻜﻔﺎح اﻟﺪﳝﻘﺮاﻃﻲ اﻹﻧﺪوﻧﻴﺴﻲ. APPROVAL PAGE I certify that I have supervised and read this study and that in my opinion; it conforms to acceptable standards of scholarly presentation and is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a dissertation for the degree of Master of Human Sciences in Political Science. …………………………………….. Danial Mohd. Yusof Supervisor I certify that I have read this study and that in my opinion it conforms to acceptable standards of scholarly presentation and is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a dissertation for the degree of Master of Human Sciences in Political Science. …………………………………….. Tunku Mohar Tunku Mohd Mokhtar Examiner This dissertation was submitted to the Department of Political Science and is accepted as a fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Human Sciences in Political Science. …………………………………….. Tunku Mohar Tunku Mohd Mokhtar Head, Department of Political Science This dissertation was submitted to the Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences and is accepted as a fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Human Sciences in Political Science. …………………………………….. Rahmah Bt. Ahmad H. Osman Dean, Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences iv DECLARATION I hereby declare that this dissertation is the result of my own investigation, except where otherwise stated. I also declare that it has not been previously or concurrently submitted as a whole for any other degrees at IIUM or other institutions. Syifak Muhammad Yus Signature…………………....………. Date …….………………. v COPYRIGHT INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA DECLARATION OF COPYRIGHT AND AFFIRMATION OF FAIR USE OF UNPUBLISHED RESEARCH POLITICAL DYNASTY AND PARTY INSTITUTIONALIZATION: A CASE STUDY OF PARTAI DEMOKRASI INDONESIA PERJUANGAN (PDIP) 1999-2015 I declare that the copyright holder of this dissertation are jointly owned by the student and IIUM. Copyright © 2016 Syifak Muhammad Yus and International Islamic University Malaysia. All rights reserved. No part of this unpublished research may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior written permission of the copyright holder except as provided below 1. Any material contained in or derived from this unpublished research may be used by others in their writing with due acknowledgement. 2. IIUM or its library will have the right to make and transmit copies (print or electronic) for institutional and academic purposes. 3. The IIUM library will have the right to make, store in a retrieved system and supply copies of this unpublished research if requested by other universities and research libraries. By signing this form, I acknowledged that I have read and understand the IIUM Intellectual Property Right and Commercialization policy. Affirmed by Syifak Muhammad Yus ……..…………………….. ……………………….. Signature Date vi DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my parents, bang Kautsar, kak Iyak, and my entire family vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Praise be to Allah (SWT) who gave me ability to finish this research. I would like to deliver my deepest gratitude to my supervisor Assoc. Prof. Dr. Danial Mohd. Yusof. With his support, guidance, patience and advice, I can successfully complete this thesis. I am glad for having you as my supervisor. I also would like to thank to Assoc. Dr. Tunku Mohar Tunku Mohd Mokhtar for his positive idea and suggestion. As the examiner and Head of Department of Political Science, he was very helpful and kind. I also would like to express my gratitude to my lectures Prof. Dr. Wahabuddin Ra’ees, Prof. Dr. El Fatih Abdullahi Abdelsalam, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Md. Moniruzzaman, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ishtiaq Hossain, Assoc. Prof. Dr. S. M. Abdul Quddus, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Garout E. Suleiman, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Rashad Muhammad Bakashmar, Dr. Muhammad Fuzi Omar, Dr. Khairil Izamin and all academic staff at the Department of Political Science for their support. Furthermore, I also would like to express my sincere gratitude to Mixil Mina Munir, Rahmat Sahid, Pilian Hutasoit, Poltak Agustinus Sinaga and Ridho Suwandi who introduced me to the interviewees and provided me with books, information and PDIP’s documents. I also would like to thank my family for their total support especially my Bang Tu and Kak Iyak. This study is impossible without their assistance. My father, Bang Yek, Kak UUn, Bang Fadhal, Kak Hurul, Bang Hendra, Kak Miskul, Bang Bay, Kak Novi, Sulthan and Ummi are also supportive all the time. I am lucky to have them as family. I also would like to thank Fitri Irfani for her patience and sacrifice during my study. Finally, I would like to thank two of my best friends Lilyati Lajman and Ammar Hatem for their friendship. viii TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ........................................................................................................................ ii Abstract in Arabic ........................................................................................................ iii Approval Page .............................................................................................................. iv Declaration ................................................................................................................... v Copyright ..................................................................................................................... vi Dedication .................................................................................................................... vii Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................... viii List of Tables ............................................................................................................... xi List of Figures .............................................................................................................. xii CHAPTER ONE: POLITICAL DYNASTY AND PARTY INSTITUTIONALIZATION IN PDIP: A FRAMEWORK OF ANALYSIS ...... 1 1.1 Introduction................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Statement of Problem ................................................................................. 6 1.3 Significance of the Study ............................................................................ 7 1.4 Research Questions ..................................................................................... 8 1.5 Research Objectives.................................................................................... 8 1.6 Literature Review ....................................................................................... 8 1.6.1 Political Dynasty ............................................................................... 9 1.6.2 Party Institutionalization
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