Municipal Solid Waste Management

INDEX Sr. Page PARTICULARS No. No. 1. Introduction 1-5

2 Objective 6-7

3 Data collection from Towns 8-11 Overall Scenario [Detailed Survey of Municipal Solid Waste Generated In 4 12-75 Goa State] 5 Good initiatives 76-86

6 State Policies 87-91

7 Compliance of MSW rules 92-93

8 Findings/Conclusions/Recommendations 94-103

ANNEXURE

I Inspection reports

CHAPTER 1

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Demographic Details As per 2001 Census the total population of the state was 13, 47,668 out of this 49.8% of the population lives in urban area and 50.2% of population in rural areas. As per 2001 Census the total population of North Goa District is 758573 with 45.05% living in urban areas. The Population of south Goa district is 589095 with 55.81% living in urban areas. The state of Goa is also an important tourist place in India. The tourist population is almost the same as the population of the state. Goa is developing fast as a industrialized state. A no. of industrial estates are developed in the state. As a result of urbanization and industrialization there is an increase in the pollution load. Map of State Goa is enclosed for reference and marked as Map 1.1.

Map: 1.1: The Map showing Districts, Tahasils of State Goa

1.2 Definition of Solid Waste

A waste is discarded material with no consumer value. Urban solid waste is non liquid waste arising from domestic, commercial, agricultural, industrial activities and from public activities. In India it is a combination of various heterogeneous material and other names are garbage, refuse or trash.

1.3 Types of Solid waste

Solid waste consists of household waste, construction and demolition debris, sanitation residue, and waste from streets. This garbage is generated mainly from residential and commercial complexes. With rising urbanization and change in lifestyle and food habits, the amount of municipal solid waste has been increasing rapidly and its composition changing. In 1947 cities and towns in India generated an estimated 6 million tones of solid waste; in 1997 it was about 48 million tones.

More than 25% of the municipal solid waste is not collected at all; 70% of the Indian cities lack adequate capacity to transport it and there are no sanitary landfills to dispose of the waste. The existing landfills are neither well equipped nor well managed and are not lined properly to protect against contamination of soil and groundwater. Garbage: The four broad categories as are follows: Organic waste: Kitchen waste, vegetables, flowers, leaves, fruits. Toxic waste: Old medicines, paints, chemicals, bulbs, spray cans, fertilizer and pesticide containers, batteries, shoe polish. Recyclable: Paper, glass, metals, plastics. Soiled: Hospital waste such as cloth soiled with blood and other body fluids. Over the last few years, the consumer market has grown rapidly leading to products being packed in cans, aluminum foils, plastics, and other such non biodegradable items that cause incalculable harm to the environment. In India, some municipal areas have banned the use of plastics and they seem to have achieved success. For example, today one will not see a single piece of plastic in the entire district of Ladakh where the local authorities imposed a ban on plastics in 1998. Certain biodegradable items can also be composted and reused. In fact proper handling of the biodegradable waste will considerably lessen the burden of solid waste that each city has to tackle

1.4 Appropriate Methodology for REDUCING, REUSING and RECYCLING of Solid Waste

1.4.1 Reduce • This is the first principle of waste management. Reduction can be achieved by keeping our requirements optimum. • Use of bulk pack instead of small pack can reduce the quantity of packing waste. • Taking optimum quantity of food in plate can reduce the quantity of canteen waste. • Rethink and Reject are another two R’s which will help in reduction of waste. • Use of mug or bucket instead of running tap will definitely reduce the water consumption. • Plastic or thermocol cup or mug should be replaced by glass.

1.4.2 Reuse • Reuse of waste will increase its utility and will decrease the load on treatment. • Most of the paper waste can be reused for rough or draft work. • Envelopes can be reused for internal circulation. • Waste water from canteen can be used for gardening. • For Township gardening fresh water is used, STP water can be reused for gardening purpose. • Reuse of energy can be done by installing solar water heaters; this will also reduce electrical consumption.

1.4.3 Recycle

• Recycling means completing the cycle of nature. Whatever we have received from nature should be returned to nature in order to maintain the natural resources. Recycling of biodegradable waste will result in generation of manure and gas. This will help in completing the cycle of nature and generating some revenue also.

CHAPTER 2 OBJECTIVE

Scope of work includes, 1) Study of existing system of SWM in the state of Goa. 2) Comparing it with norms as per MSW Rules 2000 3) Suggesting appropriate methodology for effective implementation for MSW Rules.

Solid Waste Scenario The entire developing world is witness to an unprecedented shift of people to cities. While India’s population remains substantially rural, she is emerging as one of the fastest urbanizing countries in the world. The pace and volume of urbanization have swiftly and irreversibly altered the landscape of Indian cities. From the small towns of the past to the mega cities of the today, cities have become sophisticated, complex and dynamic aspects of the cultural heritage of human kind.

Today most urban cities in India are plagued by acute problem related to solid waste management. Due to lack of serious efforts by municipal bodies, solid waste management has become a serious problem and this is the fact that the largest part of municipal expenditure is allotted to it. Solid waste management is still considered to be an inferior service and is many times overlooked by municipal authorities.

Considering the above situation, three important notifications were issued by Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India, which are as follows: • Bio Medical Waste (Management and Handling) rules, July 1998; • Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) rules, September 2000; • Recycled Plastic Manufacture and usage Rules 1999.

As per this rules it is compulsory for everybody to segregate and treat the solid waste generated. Solid waste management is an obligatory duty of municipal body. Every municipal authority, within it’s territorial area is responsible for implementation of the provisions of MSW Rules, 2000 and for infrastructure development for segregation storage, collection, storage transportation, processing and disposal of municipal solid wastes. The municipal bodies are faced with a challenge to meet the deadlines of MSW Rules 2000, with their limited resources

CHAPTER 3 DATA COLLECTION FROM TOWNS

The salient features of Goa State with respect to Solid Waste are as below. Table : 3.1 Profile and Demography Population Present, as per 2001 census 1,347,668 Literacy rate 82 % Area in Square kilometers 3,702 Present MSW in T /day 193.00 T /day No of Corporations 01 No of Councils 13

Table : 3.2 : Waste Generation

Population Waste / City (2008) Day MT North Goa Panaji 69790 50 Mapusa 40487 24 Pernem 5289 0.5 Ponda 17713 6 Valpoi 7917 2 Bicholim 14913 5 Sanquelim 11191 3 167300.00 90.50 South Goa Margao 78382 50 Mormugao (Vasco) 97154 45 Quepem 12573 1.0 Cacora-Curchorem 21407 3.0 Canacona 11901 1.5 Cuncolim 15860 0.5 Sanguem 6173 1.5 243450 102.50 Total 410750.00 193.00

Table : 3.3 : Projection of MSW up to 2033

Total MSW Year Population (MT/day)

2008 1500000 375* 2013 1650000 412 2018 1815000 453 2023 1995000 498 2028 2195000 548 2033 2415000 603

* Total quantity of MSW is considered including all villages and small towns.

3.4 Sources of Municipal Solid Waste

1) Residential: Apartments, duplexes, houses, bungalows. 2) Commercial: Office buildings, shopping malls, warehouses, hotels and restaurants. 3) Institutional: School and Educational institutes, Medical facilities, Prisons. 4) Industrial: Packaging of components, Offices waste, kitchen and canteen waste.

3.5 Types of Waste 1) Domestic / Trade / Institutional waste: Food waste and other discarded material such as paper, plastic and glass. 2) Metal, rags and packaging material. 3) Construction and demolition waste: Bricks, cement concrete, stones, tiles and other waste. 4) Bio Medical waste: Infectious and toxic wastes generated by hospitals, nursing homes and health care establishments. 5) Industrial waste: Hazardous waste and non hazardous waste.

3.6 Material in the Municipal Solid waste 1) Paper and Paperboard a) Non Durable Goods • News papers • Books • Magazines • Office stationary • Telephone books • Commercial printing material • Tissue paper and towel • Paper plates and cups b) Containers and Packaging • Corrugated boxes • Milk cartons • Folding cartons • Paperboard packaging • Bags and Sacks • Wrapping Paper 2) Glass • Components of appliances • Beer and soft drink bottles • Food bottles and jars • Glass Furniture • Consumer electronic goods 3) Metals • Ferrous metals such as in appliances and furniture. • Aluminum such as in appliances and furniture. • Batteries (lead) • Non ferrous metals • Food and other containers. • Beer and soft drink cans • Foil and closures. 4) Plastics • Plastic plates and cups • Trash bags • Disposable diapers • Clothing and footwear • Eating utensils and straw • Soft drink bottles • PET bottles. • HDPE base cups and material 5) Rubber and Leather • Tyres, furnishing and carpets. • Clothing and footwear. 6) Textiles • Clothing and household items such as sheets and towels. 7) Wood • Furniture • Wood pallets and containers. 8) Electronic waste

CHAPTER 4 OVERALL SCENARIO DETAILED SURVEY OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE GENERATED IN GOA STATE

4.1 City Profile: NORTH GOA 1 Corporation of City of Panaji Name of the City Panaji Population Present, 69790 Present MSW in T /day 50 T/ Day Biodegradable 30 T/ Day Non Biodegradable 20 T / Day Present disposal site: 1) Talaigaon Panchayat Site. In Possession, to be developed: 1) S.no.20/1 (P), 2(P), &20/3-A (P) at Bainguinim. To Be Acquired: 1) Dona Paula La Marvel Colony under Chalta No 1 , PTS No. 188 2) Chalta No 6. of PTS No. 56 Households & Offices 11,000 approx Hotels & Restaurants 500 approx Hospitals & Clinics 110 Schools 8

4.2 Assessment of waste : Mode of Collection Type of Vehicle Quantity Hydraulic Compactors 11 Nos. Dome Shaped Truck 3 Nos. Tipper 3 Nos. Vans & Jeeps 5 Nos. JCB/ Track Mounted Excavators 2 Nos.

Tractor 2 Nos.

4.3 Type of MSW Assessed in % Kg / day 2008

a) Biodegradable 50% 25000 kg b) Non Biodegradable (including debris) 40% 20000 kg c) Green Waste 10% 5000 kg Total 50000 Kg

20 T : Is Treated in Various Composting Units 10 T : Recycled at Sorting Centre 20 T : Disposed at Talaigaon Site and others.

4.4 Physical Composition (in % )

Paper/Straw /Baggasse 18 Plastics 5.5 Glass 2.5 Metals 0.8 Rubber and Leather 2.2 Rags /Cotton waste /fabric discards 1.0 Wooden matters, garden wastes/ timber/ leaf letter 18 Coconut husk 3 Food waste 34 Inert 15

4.5 Chemical Composition

Parameters Values Moisture of biodegradable waste 73.5 PH 7.6 Volatile matter 550 C Variable Carbon 50 % Nitrogen 6.51 Phosphorus as P2O5 0.83 Potash as K2O 1.70 C/N Ratio 15-25 HCV (Kcal /kg) Variable

4.6 Present Expenditure ON MSWM / Annum 2007-2008

Sr. Description Amount (Rs) no 1 Waste Disposal Infrastructure 2 Sanitation Taxes (Income) 3 Expenditure 4 Installation of Processing Facility Decentralized Nil 5 Centralized Processing Nil 6 S Landfill Development Nil

4.7 Present Revenue from MSWM Services

a) Collection of waste Rs. 1/day/house For commercial Rs. 300 -2400 / month b) Cleaning services Nil c) Sanitary Taxes / Trade Refuse Charges Nil d) Sale Of Organic Manure Rs. 3-6 / kg

Sr. Description Amount no 1 Households Nil 2 Shops, Hotels. Nil 3 Marriage halls Nil 4 BMW Royalty (if any) Nil Total Nil

Facilities Provided for Treatment of Municipal Solid Waste. Sr. Description Remarks no 1 Composting Units 161 Locations Most of the biodegradable waste is treated in these composting units in decentralized manner. CCP is earning revenue from sale of manure. 2 Bio gas Plants Separate report form BARC is attached. 3 Plastic collection centre This is a innovative project and plastic collected at these centers goes for recycling.

• The salient features of Baiguinim site for Integrated Solid Waste Management facility are as follows. • Location: Baiguinim Village, Tiswadi Taluka. • Area : 171312 Sq.m (42 Acres) • Abandoned stone quarry, Laterite Stone, Strata with minimum Soil Cover. • Distance from City: Approx. 8 KM. • CCP has installed biogas plant but due to some reason, it is not running successfully.

4.1 City Profile : Mapusa Municipal Council Name of the City Mapusa Population Present, as per 2001 census 40487 Present MSW in T /day 20 MT Biodegradable 12 MT Non Biodegradable 08 MT Present disposal site 1) Assagaon Site 20000 Sq.m. 2) S.No. 8,9 of P T sheet No. 3 at Cuchelim

Mode of Collection Type of Quantity Capacity Total No of MSW Total MSW Vehicle trips Carried/ shift Truck 5 No 4 T 1 20 T 20 T

4.2 Type of MSW Assessed in % Kg / day 2008 a) Biodegradable 50% 10000 kg b) Recyclable 20% 4000 kg c) Debris 15% 3000 kg d) Green Waste 10% 2000 kg e) Domestic Hazardous and rejected waste 5% 1000 kg Total 20000 kg

4.3 Existing System of MSW Management a) Sweeping ● Handcarts Provided Nil ● Manpower deployed for Sweeping 43 Mukadam 3 no. Road sweepers 6 Daily wages + 27 Ladies + 10 Gents Gutter cle ners 30

b) Collection and Transportation ● Community bins places In Market1 & rest of n ward

● Types and Number of Bins GI 36, RCC 15 ● Manpower deployed on C & T Mukadam 2 Driver 5 no. Labours 25 nos c) Facility for Treatment / Dis osal ● Method Composting at 21 Locations out of that 15 are operational.

4.4 Present Expenditure ON MSWM / Annum 2007-2008 Sr. no Description Amount (Rs) a) Present capital Expenditure from 12 th finance commission or other source and total of allocation ● Purchase of Rules compliant Bins Nil ● Purchase of Rules Compliant Vehi es Nil ● Installation of Processing Facility Decentralized Nil ● Centralized Processing ● S Landfill Development Nil

4.5 Present Revenue from MSWM Services a) Collection of waste Nil b) Cleaning services Nil c) Sanitary Taxes / Trade Refuse harges Nil

1 Households Nil 2 Shops, Hotels. Nil 3 Marriage halls Nil 4 BMW Royalty (if any) Nil Total Nil

• Total waste is collected and transported to dumping ground. No treatment is done. • People are opposing for composting pits near their residence. To change the attitude and for awareness programs should be conducted. • On dumping ground some individual waste generators are dumping the waste with their own vehicle. To avoid this dumping ground should be protected. • Junior Municipal engineer is looking after this area along with his regular job. Either health officer or sanitary inspector should be appointed to handle this waste management job. • The Council has engaged the services of ‘GOA FOUNDATION’ to provide training to the workers for handling / management of biodegradable waste. • Plastic bags below 11 microns are seized manual labors are engaged to collect the scattered plastic. Same is bailed and kept in yard. Collected plastic will be sent to recycling unit. • The Council has purchased mixer on trial basis for faster decomposition of biodegradable waste in market complex. • At present Assagao site is used for management of Non biodegradable waste. • The Council had move proposal for land acquisition at Cunchelim bearing survey no. 8 (of P T Sheet No 3 ) section of 6 for the same was published. However as per writ petition No. 300 of 2008 the section 6 was revoke and procedure was brought back to section 4. • The Council vide its letter dated 02/09/2009 has inform the land acquisition cell to speed up this matter.

NORTH GOA 3

4.1 City Profile : Pernem Municipal council Contact Person: Miss Sangita Satardekar (M. Engineer) Name of the City Pernem Population Present, as per 2001 census 5289 Population 2008 8500 Floating Population No Area in Square kilometers 16 sq.km Present MSW in T /day 0.6 MT/day Biodegradable 0.4 MT/day Non Biodegradable 0.2 MT/day Present disposal site S. no. 310/1-A of pernem village (under possession) Bio-degradable waste is processed by way composting in composting unit constructed in every ward & Non-bio degradable waste like plastic bags/sheets are baled and stored within the municipal premises, plastic boatels etc. are stored in to the collection cage and there after the plastic waste in given to the nearby Industry (Jay Bhairavanath Plastic Industry at korgao, Pernem) for its disposal. The council has set up total 24 nos. of composting units in all the wards of the council having a total capacity of approximately 80 cu. m. Area of one composting unit is approximately 10 sq. m. Area in Square meters of acquired land Area of land acquired of property bearing survey no. 310/1-A of Pernem village for setting up the garbage disposal plant and sanitary landfill site is 19,976 sq. m. Area of land acquired of the property bearing survey no. 261/1-A & 278/1-A for the proposed approached road to the plant is 10295 sq. m. Average Distance from city in Km. 2 km No of Properties (Building, premises) 1080 nos. Institutional, Commercial & others 6 schools Market 1 no Marriage halls 2 nos Clinics 9 nos. Slaughter House and Mutton market 1 no.

4.2 Type of MSW Assessed in % T / day 2008 a) Biodegradable 50 % b) Recyclable 20 % c) Debris 15 % d) Green Waste 10 % e) Domestic Hazardous and rejected waste 5 % Total 100 %

4.3 Existing System of MSW Management a) Sweeping ● Handcarts Provided 1No ● Manpower deployed for Sweeping 9 nos Mukadam 1 no. Road sweepers 9 no.

b) Collection and Transportation ● Community bins places In Market 14nos,ward no. 8 & rest of in ward no. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9 & 10 ● Types and Number of Bins Metallic 60 nos & RCC 3 nos ● Manpower deployed on C & T Mukadam 1 no Driver 1 no. Labours 3 nos on temporary basis

c) Facility for Treatment / Disposal ● Method Composting at 24 Locations Total capacity is 86 m3. Output Organic manure at @ Manpower As above

4.4 Present Expenditure ON MSWM / Annum 2007-2008 Sr. Description Amount (Rs) no 1 Salary 394416.00 2 Contract labour 108925.00 3 Vehicle Maintenance 34286.00 4 Miscellaneous 5000.00 Total 542627.00

Door to door collection is being carried out by Municipal council. Mechanical Composting unit is proposed of 5 MT capacities and total capital expenditure is Rs. 35, 25,000.

NORTH GOA 4

4.1 City Profile : Ponda Municipal Council Name of the City Ponda Population Present, as per 2001 census 17713 Population 2008 30000 Floating Population @5000/day Area in Square kilometers 5.20 Sq.km Present MSW in T /day 6 MT /day Biodegradable 4 MT /day Non Biodegradable 2 MT /day Present disposal site Keriyan, Khandepar *

Area in Square meters 18100 Sq.m Average Distance from city in Km. 5 km No of Properties (Building, premises) Institutional, Commercial & others 9028 Market 1 No Marriage halls 5 No Clinics Slaughter House and Mutton market Nil

4.2 Assessment of waste Mode of Collection Type of Vehicle Quantity Capacity Total No of MSW Total trips Carried/ MSW shift 1.5 tones Compactors 4 No 5 tones 4 6 tones /trip

4.3 Type of MSW Assessed in % kg / day a) Biodegradable 50% 3000 kg b) Recyclable 20% 1200 kg c) Debris 15% 900 kg d) Green Waste 10% 600 kg e) Domestic Hazardous and rejected waste 5% 300 kg Total 6000 kg

4.4 Existing System of MSW Management a) Sweeping ● Handcarts Provided Nil Mukadam 01 Road sweepers 13 (11 female + 2 male) Gutter cleaners -- b) Collection and Transportation ● Types and Number of Bins 240 lit green and black trolleys at various places.

Mukadam 01 Driver 04 Laborer 12

c) Facility for Treatment / Disposal

● Method Composting at 10 Locations Total capacity 50 m 3. ● Output Organic Manure is 200 kg /day * ● Manpower 04 *The organic manure generated is used by council in its own gardens.

4.5 Present Expenditure ON MSWM / Annum 2007-2008 Sr. no Description Amount (Rs) 1 Salary 16,00,560 2 Contract labour 6,00,000+1,90,000 3 Vehicle Maintenance 14,01,776 4 Miscellaneous -- Total 3792336

b) Present capital Expenditure from 12 th finance commission or other source and total % of allocation ● Purchase of Rules compliant Bins Nil ● Purchase of Rules Compliant Vehicles Nil ● Installation of Processing Facility Decentralized Nil ● S Landfill Development Nil

4.6 Present Revenue from MSWM Services a) Collection of waste Nil b) Cleaning services Nil c) Sanitary Taxes / Trade Refuse Charges Nil 1 Households Mentioned below 2 Shops, Hotels. Mentioned below 3 Marriage halls Mentioned below 4 BMW Royalty (if any) Nil Total Nil

• For door to door collection contract has been given, 20 labours are collecting the garbage from each and every house. • Garbage is collected from house then it is brought to collection center from where it is put in compactor and compactor carries it to dumping ground. • From every house 1Rs./day is collected and from Shopkeepers Rs. 2/3/5/10/20/day are collected as collection and transport charges depending on their business quantum. • Work order for Compound wall at Kerian Khandepar site is to be issued. • Update: Construction of compound wall is started. • Work order for consultant for MSW treatment disposal is also to be issued. • 1 private composting unit is also in operation and it is operated by a housing complex of Ved associates.

• Images of Municipal Solid Waste sites in Ponda is given as follows:

[1]

[2]

NORTH GOA 5

4.1 City Profile: Valpoi Municipal council Name of the City Valpoi Population Present, as per 2001 census 7917 Population 2008 9500 Floating Population No Area in Square kilometers 5 sq.km Present MSW in T /day 2 MT/day Biodegradable 1.2MT/day Non Biodegradable 0.8MT/day Present disposal site S. no. 54/6 of Massordem village has been proposed. Area in Square meters 17950 sq.mt ( 24 nos) Average Distance from city in Km. 1km No of Properties (Building, premises) 1600 nos. Institutional, Commercial & others 7 schools Market 1 no Marriage halls 2 nos Clinics 7 nos. Slaughter House and Mutton market 1 no.

4.2 Type of MSW Assessed in % T / day 2008 Biodegradable 50 % a) b) Recyclable 20 % c) Debris 15 % d) Green Waste 10 % e) Domestic Hazardous and rejected waste 5 % Total 100 %

4.3 Existing System of MSW Management

a) Sweeping ● Handcarts Provided -- ● Manpower deployed for Sweeping 10 nos Mukadam 1 no.

b) Collection and Transportation ● Community bins places 7 nos in each ward ( 10 wards) ● Types and Number of Bins Metalic 60 nos & RCC 5 nos, PP-14 nos ● Manpower deployed on C & T Mukadam 1 no Driver 2 nos. Labours 4 no

c) Facility for Treatment / Disposal ● Method Composting at 4 locations Total capacity is 36 m3. ● Manpower 4 4.4 Present Expenditure ON MSWM / Annum 2007-2008

Sr. no Description Amount (Rs) 1 Salary 900000.00 2 Contract labour 432000.00 3 Vehicle Maintenance 150000.00 4 Miscellaneous 25000.00 Total 1507000.00

Door to door collection is carried out in all wards.

NORTH GOA 6

4.1 City Profile : Bicholim Municipal council

Name of the City Bicholim Population Present, as per 2001 14913 census Floating Population No Area in Square kilometers 3.54 sq.km

Present MSW in T /day 5 MT/day

Biodegradable 3 MT/day Non Biodegradable 2 MT/day

Present disposal site S. no. 109/0, at lakhereen bordem village Area in Square meters 25340 sq.m Average Distance from city in Km. 4km

No of Properties (Building, 2800 nos. premises) Residential 2500 nos. Institutional, Commercial & others 300 no.s & 4 schools Market 1 no

Marriage halls 3 nos

Clinics 16 nos. Slaughter House and Mutton 2 nos. market

4.2 Type of MSW Assessed in % kg / day 2008 Biodegradable 50% 2500 kg a) b) Recyclable 20% 1000 kg c) Debris 15% 750 kg d) Green Waste 10% 500 kg e) Domestic Hazardous and rejected waste 5% 250 kg Total 5000 kg

4.3 Existing System of MSW Management

a) Sweeping ● Handcarts Provided 8 nos ● Manpower deployed for Sweeping 9 nos Mukadam 1 no.

b) Mode of Collection Collection and Transportation ● Community bins places All major public places ● Types and Number of Bins PP-20 nos & 9 metalic ● Manpower deployed on C & T Mukadam 1 no. Driver 4 no. Labours 30 nos

4.4 Present Expenditure ON MSWM / Annum 2007-2008 Sr. no Description Amount (Rs) 1 Salary 30,00,000.00 2 Contract labour - 3 Vehicle Maintenance 500000.00 4 Miscellaneous 500000.00 Total 4000000.00

Work order was given to private agency for installation of mechanical Composting unit. Civil work completed at dumping ground. All required machinery has been installed and MSW is processed in this new set up. MSW received is segregated, and then it is charged with bio culture and kept for harvesting. After 21 days it goes to mechanical segregation unit where non biodegradable waste is removed and manure is obtained as final product.

Update: • Mechanical composting unit is in operation since October 2009. All biodegradable solid waste is processed in this unit and manure is generated. • Proposal for installation of sanitary landfill is under consideration.

NORTH GOA 7

4.1 City Profile : Sanquelim Municipal Council

Name of the City Sanqueilem

Population Present, as per 2001 census 11191 Floating Population No

Area in Square kilometers 1471.91 hectares

Present MSW in T /day 3 MT/day

Biodegradable 2 MT/day

Non Biodegradable 1 MT/day

Present disposal site S. no. 74/0 at Aravalem village

Area in Square meters 46690 sq.m

Average Distance from city in Km. 1km No of Properties (Building, premises) 2527nos. Institutional, Commercial & others 7 schools

Market 1 no

Marriage halls 5nos

Clinics 8 nos.

Slaughter House and Mutton market 1 no.

4.2 Type of MSW Assessed in % kg / day 2008 Biodegradable 50% 1500 kg a) b) Recyclable 20% 600 kg c) Debris 15% 450 kg d) Green Waste 10% 300 kg e) Domestic Hazardous and rejected waste 5% 150 kg Total 3000 kg

4.3 Existing System of MSW Management a) Sweeping ● Handcarts Provided 4 nos metalic ● Manpower deployed for Sweeping 5 nos Mukadam 1 no. Road sweepers 5 nos

b) Mode of Collection Collection and Transportation ● Community bins places All major public places ● Types and Number of Bins PP- 90 nos( 20lits), 25 nos ( 240 lits) ● Manpower deployed on C & T Mukadam 1 no. Driver 3 nos. Labours 15 nos

c) Facility for Treatment / Disposal ● Method Composting at 5 locations Total capacity is 35 m3. ● Manpower As above C & T 4.4 Present Expenditure ON MSWM / Annum 2007-2008 Sr. no Description Amount (Rs) 1 Salary 25,00,000.00 2 Contract labour - 3 Vehicle Maintenance 500000.00 4 Miscellaneous 500000.00 Total 3500000.00

Municipal Council is going to appoint consultant for Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). Mechanical composting unit is proposed. Door to door collection is carried out in all 11 wards of Council. Update • Installation of Mechanical Composting unit is in progress.

SOUTH GOA 1 4.1 City Profile: Margao Municipal Council Name of the City Margao Population Present, as per 2001 census 78382 Area in Square kilometers 16.8 Sq.km. Present MSW in T /day 50 MT/day Biodegradable 22.5 MT /day Non Biodegradable 27.5 MT/day Present disposal site Chalta No. 84, PT sheet No 1 of Margao city at Sonsolddo Area in Square meters 15000 Sq.m. Average Distance from city in Km. 5 km No of Properties (Building, premises) Residential 40000 Institutional, Commercial & others 10000 Market 04 Marriage halls 07 Clinics 300 Slaughter House and Mutton market

4.2 Assessment of waste Mode of Collection Type of Vehicle Quantity Capacity Total No of MSW carried/ Total MSW trips trip kg kg

Road Loader 03 6.5 m3 02 3 MT 18 MT Compactor Side loader 01 8 m3 02 3 MT 06 MT compactor (Big size) Side loader compactor (Small 02 6 m3 02 2.5 MT 10 MT size) Tipper truck 05 5 m3 02 1.5 MT 15 MT 49 MT

4.2 Type of MSW Assessed in % kg / day 2008 a) Biodegradable 50% 25000 kg b) Recyclable 20% 10000 kg c) Debris 15% 7500 kg d) Green Waste 10% 5000 kg e) Domestic Hazardous and rejected waste 5% 2500 kg Total 50000 kg

4.3 Existing System of MSW Management a) Sweeping Mukadam 01 Road sweepers 47 Gutter cleaners 03 b) Collection and Transportation ● Community bins places 501 ● Types and Number of Bins Plastic and metallic Mukadam 05 Driver 13 Labourer 51 c) Facility for Treatment / Disposal ● Method Composting At 2 locations Total Quantity treated is @ 500 kg /day.

4.4 Present Expenditure ON MSWM / Annum 2007-2008 a) Present capital Expenditure from 12 th finance commission or other source and total % of allocation ● Purchase of Rules compliant Bins Nil ● Purchase of Rules Compliant Vehicles Nil ● Installation of Processing Facility Decentralized Nil ● Centralized Processing ● S Landfill Development Nil

4.5 Present Revenue from MSWM Services a) Collection of waste Nil b) Cleaning services Nil c) Sanitary Taxes / Trade Refuse Charges Nil 1 Households Nil 2 Shops, Hotels. Nil 3 Marriage halls Nil 4 BMW Royalty (if any) Nil Total Nil

• All the city waste is collected and transported to dumping ground. • There is no effective treatment procedure followed for processing of garbage. • Situation of dumping ground can be seen in photographs. • Either BARC bio gas or Mechanical Composting method should be adopted for treatment of Garbage.

c) Treatment / Disposal ● Method Composting at 2 locations ● Manpower As above C & T

Images of Municipal Solid Waste sites in Margao is given as follows:

[1]

[2]

[3]

SOUTH GOA 2 4.1 City Profile: Mormugao Municipal Council (Vasco) Name of the City Mormugao (Vasco) Population Present, as per 2001 census 97154 Population 2008 120000 Floating Population 700 /day Present MSW in T /day 45 MT /day Biodegradable 19 MT /day Non biodegradable 26 MT /day Present disposal site Headland Sada, Mormugao.

Area in Square meters 25000 Sq.m. Average Distance from city in Km. 3 km

4.2 Assessment of waste Mode of Collection Type of Vehicle Quantity Capacity Total No of MSW Total MSW kg trips Carried/ shift kg Compactor 04 14 m3 02 14 MT 28 MT Garbage Van 05 5 m3 02 5 MT 10 MT Trucks 02 5 m3 02 5 MT 10 MT 48 MT

4.3 Type of MSW Assessed in % kg / day 2008 a) Biodegradable 50% 22500 kg b) Recyclable 20% 9000 kg c) Debris 15% 6750 kg d) Green Waste 10% 4500 kg e) Domestic Hazardous and rejected waste 5% 2250 kg Total 45000 kg

4.4 Existing System of MSW Management a) Collection and Transportation ● Community bins places 250 + 200 ● Types and Number of Bins 240 lit PVC bins 240 lit metallic bins Mukadam 01 Driver 11 Labours 55

c) Facility for Treatment / Disposal ● Method Mechanical Composting at dumping ground Total quantity treated is @ 30 MT/day ● Output Organic Manure 05 MT /day

Private contract has been given for treatment of garbage. Council is transporting garbage up to dumping ground. Contactor has deployed his machinery and manpower for treatment. Garbage is treated by windrow composting method. Treatment is quite effective and organic manure is used by local farmers. 5 MT is the total output per day.

4.5 Present Expenditure ON MSWM / Annum 2007-2008 a) Present capital Expenditure from 12 th finance commission or other source and total % of allocation ● Purchase of Rules compliant Bins Nil ● Purchase of Rules Compliant Vehicles Nil ● Installation of Processing Facility Decentralized Nil ● S Landfill Development Nil

4.6 Present Revenue from MSWM Services a) Collection of waste Nil b) Cleaning services Nil c) Sanitary Taxes / Trade Refuse Charges Nil

1 Households Nil 2 Shops, Hotels. Nil 3 Marriage halls Nil 4 BMW Royalty (if any) Nil Total Nil

Decision regarding Plastic bag: The council has taken decision to ban sale and use of plastic carry bags from 26/01/2006 in jurisdiction of Marmugao Mucicipal Council, Vasco. Further wide notification no. LS/MISC/1915/96/Part/859 dated 21/12/2001, Govt. of Goa has authorized Chief Officer, Municipal Engineer, Sanitary Inspector, and Municipal Inspector to compound any offence punishable under the Goa Non Bio-degradable (control) at 1996.

Images of Municipal Solid Waste sites in Mormugao (Vasco) is given as follows :

[1]

[2]

SOUTH GOA 3

4.1 City Profile: Quepem Municipal Council

Name of the City Quepem Population Present, as per 2001 census 12573 Population 2008 15000 Floating Population 50/day Present MSW in T /day 3.0 MT /day Biodegradable 2.0 MT /day Non biodegradable 1.0 /day Present disposal site S.no. 88/1 Pedamol, Sirvoi of Xeldem Village * Area in Square meters 21000 Sq.m Average Distance from city in Km. 5 km No of Properties (Building, premises) Residential 4600 Market 01 (Veg +fish) Marriage halls 01 Slaughter House and Mutton market Nil

• Municipal council is facing problem for land acquisition. Villagers to be convinced about the necessity of authorized dumping ground. 4.2 Assessment of waste Mode of Collection Type of Quantity Capacity Total No of MSW Total MSW Vehicle trips Carried/ shift

Compactor 01 5 m3 01 01 T 01 T

Truck 01 5 m3 -- 01

4.3 Type of MSW Assessed in % kg / day 2008

Biodegradable 50% 1500 kg a) b) Recyclable 20% 600 kg c) Debris 15% 450 kg d) Green Waste 10% 300 kg e) Domestic Hazardous and rejected waste 5% 150 kg Total 3000 kg

4.4 Existing System of MSW Management

a) Sweeping Handcarts Provided NIl Mukadam 01 Road sweepers 02 Female b) Collection and Transportation ● Community bins places 15 ● Types and Number of Bins Metallic 13 nos. Mukadam 01 Driver 02 Labours 5 male + 3 female

Door to door collection is done by 6 labors and handcarts.

c) Facility for Treatment / Disposal ● Method Composting at 3 locations Total quantity treated is @ 200 kg /day ● Manpower 02

4.5 Present Expenditure ON MSWM / Annum 2007-2008 a) Present capital Expenditure from 12 th finance commission or other source and total % of allocation ● Salary 857592 ● Vehicle Maintenance 53994 Total 911586

4.6 Present Revenue from MSWM Services a) Collection of waste Nil b) Cleaning services Nil c) Sanitary Taxes / Trade Refuse Charges Nil 1 Households Nil 2 Shops, Hotels. Nil 3 Marriage halls Nil 4 BMW Royalty (if any) Nil Total Nil

• Segregation of waste is done at old slaughter house by private contractor. • Segregated plastic is accumulated and council is not able to find the agency for disposal of plastic waste. • For plastic waste collection separate bins are installed in market. • The Council has acquired 21000 Sq. mt. land and same is in possession of Council.

Images of Municipal Solid Waste sites in Quepem is given as follows :

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[4]

[5]

SOUTH GOA 4 4.1 City Profile : Cacora – Curchorem Municipal council

Name of the City Cacora Curchorem Population Present, as per 2001 census 21407 Floating Population No Area in Square kilometers 22 sq.km Present MSW in T /day 3 MT/day Biodegradable 2 MT/day Non Biodegradable 1 MT/day Present disposal site S. no. 167, Cacora village Area in Square meters 65100 sq.mtr Average Distance from city in Km. 5.0 km No of Properties (Building, premises) 5557 nos. Institutional, Commercial & others 4 schools Market 2 nos Marriage halls 3 nos. Clinics 20 nos. Slaughter House and Mutton market General

4.2 Type of MSW Assessed in % kg / day 2008 a) Biodegradable 50% 1500 kg b) Recyclable 20% 600 kg c) Debris 15% 450 kg d) Green Waste 10% 300 kg e) Domestic Hazardous and rejected waste 5% 150 kg Total 3000 kg

4.3 Existing System of MSW Management a) Sweeping ● Handcarts Provided No ● Manpower deployed for Sweeping 7 nos Mukadam 1 no. Road sweepers 7 nos

b) Mode of Collection Collection and Transportation ● Community bins places 12 bins provided in each ward ● Types and Number of Bins Mettalic. 150 nos Mukadam 1 no. Driver 2 nos. Labours 6 nos c) Facility for Treatment / Disposal ● Method Composting ● Manpower 2 nos

4.4 Present Expenditure ON MSWM / Annum 2007-2008 Sr. no Description Amount (Rs) 1 Salary 1800000.00 2 Contract labour 570234.00 3 Vehicle Maintenance 89782.00 4 Miscellaneous 5000.00 Total 2465016.00

4.5 Present Revenue from MSWM Services a) Collection of waste Nil b) Cleaning services Nil c) Sanitary Taxes / Trade Refuse Charges Nil

1 Households Nil 2 Shops, Hotels. Nil 3 Marriage halls Nil 4 BMW Royalty (if any) Nil Total Nil

Proposal for Land Acquisition is submitted to Deputy Collector South Goa on 29/08/08.

SOUTH GOA 5 4.1 City Profile: Canacona Municipal Council Name of the City Canacona Population Present, as per 2001 census 11901 Population 2008 12500 Floating Population 250/day Area in Square kilometers 18.69 Sq.km Present MSW in T /day 1.5 MT /day Biodegradable 1.0 MT /day Non Biodegradable 0.5 MT /day Present disposal site S.No. 93/2 at Dumanem* Area in Square meters 6400 Sq.km. Average Distance from city in Km. 4 km No of Properties (Building, premises) Residential 4000 Institutional, Commercial & others 150 Market 1 Veg +1 fish Marriage halls 2 Slaughter House and Mutton market Nil

• At present Gudi site (4225 Sq.km.) is in use. This is Kokan Railways land, Council is going to use this land till there own site is developed.

4.2 Assessment of waste Mode of Collection Type Quantity Capacity Total No of MSW Total MSW kg trips Carried/ shift kg Compactor 02 5 m3 01 1000 1000 Truck 01 5 m3 01 500 500 1500

4.3 Type of MSW Assessed in % kg / day 2008 a) Biodegradable 50% 750 kg b) Recyclable 20% 300 kg c) Debris 15% 225 kg d) Green Waste 10% 150 kg e) Domestic Hazardous and rejected waste 5% 75 kg Total 1500 kg

4.4 Existing System of MSW Management a) Sweeping ● Handcarts Provided 03 Road sweepers 2 Male + 4 female b) Collection and Transportation ● Community bins places 100 ● Types and Number of Bins Metallic 75 – 1 m3 Plastic 25 – 1 m3 Mukadam 2 Driver 3 Labours 15

c) Facility for Treatment / Disposal ● Method Composting at 5 Locations Total quantity treated 500 kg /day

* Organic manure stock is accumulated same should be used either in garden or given to farmers.

• Tender for compound wall is floated. • Door to door collection is started, 4 labors deployed another 16 to be deployed. • Segregated plastic is accumulated and council is not able to find the agency for disposal of plastic waste.

Images of Municipal Solid Waste sites in Canacona is given as follows :

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[2]

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[4]

[5]

SOUTH GOA 6 4.1 City Profile : Cuncolim Municipal council

Name of the City Cuncolim Population Present, as per 2001 census 15860

Population 2008 25000 Floating Population No Area in Square kilometers 28.69 sq.km Present MSW in T /day 0.5 MT/day Biodegradable 0.2 MT/day Non Biodegradable 0.3 MT/day Present disposal site S. no. 143/1 of Abbaulim village ( present) , S.no.340/1 of cuncolim village ( under possession)

Area in Square meters 20000 sq.m ( present) 28000 ( under possession) Average Distance from city in Km. 3.0 km No of Properties (Building, premises) 5000 nos. Institutional, Commercial & others 6 schools Market 1 no. Marriage halls - Clinics 8 nos. Slaughter House and Mutton market General

4.2 Type of MSW Assessed in % T / day 2008 a) Biodegradable 50% 50 % b) Recyclable 20% 20 % c) Debris 15% 15% d) Green Waste 10% 10 % e) Domestic Hazardous and rejected waste 5% 5 % Total 100 %

4.3 Existing System of MSW Management a) Sweeping ● Handcarts Provided 6 nos ● Manpower deployed for Sweeping 4 nos Mukadam 1 no. Road sweepers 30 nos

b) Collection and Transportation ● Community bins places 6 bins provided in each ward ( 10 wards ● Types and Number of Bins Mettalic. & RCC 60 nos ● Manpower deployed on C & T Mukadam 1 no Driver 3 nos. Labours 30 nos

c) Facility for Treatment / Disposal ● Method Composting ● Manpower 30 Nos

4.4 Present Expenditure ON MSWM / Annum 2007-2008 Sr. no Description Amount (Rs) 1 Salary 720060.00 2 Contract labour 76680.00 3 Vehicle Maintenance 93458.00 4 Miscellaneous 226997.00 Total 1117195.00

SOUTH GOA 7

4.1 City Profile : Sanguem Municipal council Name of the City Sanguem Population Present, as per 2001 census 6173 Floating Population No Area in Square kilometers 4.92 sq.km Present MSW in T /day 1.5 MT/day Biodegradable 0.5 MT/day Non Biodegradable 1.0 MT/day Present disposal site S. no. 109/1, 16/2 of Khairitem village ( present) Area in Square meters 18 sq.m ( present) 28000 (under possession) Average Distance from city in Km. 0.5 km

No of Properties (Building, premises) 1200 nos. Institutional, Commercial & others 12 schools Market 150 shops Marriage halls 3 nos Clinics 5 nos. Slaughter House and Mutton market General

4.2 Type of MSW Assessed in % kg / day 2008 Biodegradable 50% 750 kg a) b) Recyclable 20% 300 kg c) Debris 15% 225 kg d) Green Waste 10% 150 kg e) Domestic Hazardous and rejected waste 5% 75 kg Total 1500 kg

4.3 Existing System of MSW Management a) Sweeping ● Handcarts Provided 1no ● Manpower deployed for Sweeping - Mukadam 1 no. Road sweepers 5 nos Gutter cleaners 20 nos b) Collection and Transportation ● Community bins places Market, medical college, union high school ● Types and Number of Bins PP. & RCC 10 nos ● Manpower deployed on C & T Mukadam 1 no Driver 1 no. Labours 25 c) Facility for Treatment / Disposal ● Method Composting & Non degradable stored at guneabhat in ward no.1 Total 9 composting units of 27 m 3 capacity. ● Manpower As above

4.4 Present Expenditure ON MSWM / Annum 2007-2008

Sr. no Description Amount (Rs) 1 Salary 554269.00 2 Contract labour 53830.00 3 Vehicle Maintenance 48000.00 4 Miscellaneous 53077.00 Total 709176.00

Survey of Village Panchayats City Profile: Taleigao Village Panchayat.

Name of the City Taleigao Population Present 18300 Floating Population Nil Area in Square kilometers 4.00 sq.km No of Wards 11 Present MSW in T /day 2 MT/day Biodegradable 1.0 MT/day Non Biodegradable 1.0 MT/day Present disposal site S. no. 268/1

Area in Square meters

Average Distance from city in Km. 1 km

No of Properties (Building, premises) 10000 nos. Market 1 no Marriage halls 1 + 4 nos

• From 2 wards door to door collection is done by private contractor. • From 9 wards MSW is collected from dustbins. • Total numbers of dustbins are about 100. • MSW is collected by 2 trucks of contractor. • Composting pits are constructed at site but during visit it was found that they are not in use. • Total mixed MSW is dumped in one big pit. Segregation was not observed. • Regarding authorization of dumping site the matter is in court.

City Profile: Calangute Village Panchayat. Name of the City Calangute Population Present 18000 Floating Population 500 Area in Square kilometers 8.00 sq.km No of Wards 11 Present MSW in T /day 2 MT/day Biodegradable 1.0 MT/day Non Biodegradable 1.0 MT/day Present disposal site S. no. 47/1 – matter is in court Acquiring S.no.48 which is approved by GSPCB. Area in Square meters 5000 Sq. M

Average Distance from city in Km. 5 km

No of Properties (Building, premises) 9000 nos. Market 1 no Marriage halls 1 no

• Door to Door collection is not done. • From all 11 wards MSW is collected from dustbins by private contractor. • Three separate contracts are given for collection of MSW, Segregation at site and Maintenance of dumping ground. • Dumping ground is far away form city, approach road is not proper. • Total numbers of dustbins are about 100. • MSW is collected by tempo, daily 5-6 trips. • 3 Composting pits are constructed at site but during visit it was found that they are not in use. • Total mixed MSW is dumped at dumping ground. Segregation was not observed. • Regarding authorization of dumping site the matter is in court. • Village Panchayat is collecting Garbage fee from commercial Institutes.

City Profile: Candolim Village Panchayat. Name of the City Candolim Population Present 10000 Floating Population 500 Area in Square kilometers No of Wards Present MSW in T /day 1 MT/day Biodegradable 0.5 MT/day Non Biodegradable 0.5 MT/day Present disposal site S. no.

Area in Square meters

Average Distance from city in Km.

No of Properties (Building, premises) Market 1 no Marriage halls 1 no

• Door to Door collection is done. • From all wards MSW is collected from dustbins by private contractor. • MSW is collected by tempo, daily 4-5 trips. • Biodegradable waste is sent to Piggery. • Village Panchayat obtained authorization for dumping site. • Part of the non biodegradable waste is sent for recycling. 5.4 City Profile: Colva Village Panchayat. Name of the City Colva Population Present 9000 Floating Population 200 Area 594.84 Hectares No of Wards 09 Present MSW in T /day Biodegradable Non Biodegradable Present disposal site Area in Square meters

Average Distance from city in Km.

No of Properties (Building, premises) 4262 Hotels 300 Market 1 no Marriage halls 1 no

• MSW is not collected by Village Panchayat. • People and Hotels are throwing / dumping waste as per their convenience. • Because of this practice some dumping spots are developed. But from these dumping spots MSW is not lifted/ collected. • Village Panchayat is not having its own dumping site. • Village Panchayat is having their 4 labors for general cleaning purpose.

City Profile: Cavelossim Village Panchayat. Name of the City Cavelossim Population Present Floating Population Area No of Wards Present MSW in T /day Biodegradable Non Biodegradable Present disposal site

Area in Square meters

Average Distance from city in Km.

No of Properties (Building, premises) Hotels Market Marriage halls

• Not able to meet Village Panchayat Secretary as he is holding charge of two panchayats.

5.6 City Profile: Penha de Franca Village Panchayat.

• This village panchayat is like other village panchayat but here one NGO has started treatment of Biodegradable waste. As on today they are collecting garbage from 500 households. The garbage is collected and segregated into biodegradable and non biodegradable waste. Non biodegradable waste is sent for recycling. Biodegradable waste is treated in Organic Waste Converter. (OWC) High quality organic manure is obtained form this process. Details of OWC are mentioned in next chapter. They also installed a demo plant of bio gas. This is also running successfully. All other village Panchayat and Municipal councils should adopt this practice of segregation of garbage and treatment of garbage. Penha de Franca Village Panchayat should increase the quantity of garbage they are treating every day.

COURT CASES - PRESENT STATUS

Considering the situation of MSW disposal The Court has initiated action and has made various authorities as respondents and the details are as below.

Affidavit of the Member Secretary of GSPCB dated 30th January 2009 (Respondent NO 2)

1) As per the court order dated 09-07-2008 GSPSCB officials conducted inspection of all municipal councils. 2) Board is contemplating to issue notices to municipal councils, corporations for non compliance of Municipal solid waste (management and handling) Rules 2000. Various Municipal councils had submitted their affidavits in reply to GSPCB’s report. The brief extract is as follows.

1) Affidavit of the Chief Officer of Curchorem – Cacora dated 30 th March 2009 (Respondent NO 15) Main Features a) Total Quantity of waste generated Non Biodegradable: 1 t /day Biodegradable: 2 t /Day b) Entire waste is being segregated and disposed off in accordance with rules. c) 6 composting units have been set up and they are sufficient and adequate to compost the waste generated. d) Waste is partly segregated in the market area and balance is segregated at Kharangate Ghat. e) Waste is collected from all 12 wards in door to door manner. f) Additional composting station is set up at Kharangate Ghat and same is in operation. g) Instead of 8 tons ( 2 tons non biodegradable and 6 tons biodegradable ) only 3 tons waste is generated. h) Record of plastic waste in maintained.

2) Affidavit of the Chief Officer of Quepem dated 30 th March 2009 (Respondent NO 11) Main Features a) Total Quantity of waste generated Non Biodegradable: 1 t /day Biodegradable: 2 t /Day b) Entire waste is being segregated and disposed off in accordance with rules. c) 4 composting units (50 crates) have been set up and they are sufficient and adequate to compost the waste generated. d) Waste after segregation is dumped at landfill site at Pedamol, Sirvoi. e) Waste is collected from all 10 wards in door to door manner. f) Composting station at the farm of Chandrahas Desai comprises of 6 Chambers. g) Instead of 8 tons ( 2 tons non biodegradable and 6 tons biodegradable ) only 3 tons waste is generated.

3) Affidavit of the Chief Officer of Sanquelim dated 23 rd March 2009 (Respondent NO 47) Main Features a) Door to door collection started from February 2009. Waste from ward no 4 and 5 is segregated near composting station at Housing board colony. Waste from all other wards is segregated at survey no 74 /0 at Harvalem. b) Two composting units of 13.98 m3 capacity are in operation and another two of capacity 7.51 m3 are in operation from 13/3/09. c) One more composting unit is set up at Harvelem survey no 69/ 2 of 12 M3 capacities and total capacity of composting units is 33.49 m3 and this is the adequate capacity to treat the biodegradable waste generated in municipal area. d) The biodegradable waste is treated by using active aerobic quick composter (bio culture) e) Plastic waste is baled but major portion is collected by rag pickers. f) Council is in process of setting up sanitary landfill facility and 10 MT capacity waste treatments plant at survey no 74 /0 at Harvalem.

4) Affidavit of the Chief Officer of Valpoi dated 23 rd March 2009 (Respondent NO 19) Main Features a) Door to door collection was started from 08/02/2009 in all 10 wards; segregation is done on turpoline bed at survey no 2/1 of Valpoi. b) There are 3 composting stations of total capacity 22.52 m3. c) Another composting unit has been set up at Survey no 2/1 at Valpoi of capacity 12 m3 and total capacity is 34.52 m3 which is adequate for biodegradable waste. d) The biodegradable waste is treated by using active aerobic quick composter (bio culture) e) Inert waste is disposed off at authorized disposal site at survey no 74/0 of Harvelm. f) Plastic waste is segregated and stored in storeroom of municipal council.

5) Affidavit of the Chief Officer of Cuncolim dated 23 rd March 2009 (Respondent NO 14) Main Features a) Total waste generated is only 500 kg not 5 t /day. 200 kg is bio degradable and 300 kg is non biodegradable. b) Door to door collection is not possible and hence 60 dustbins are placed at various locations and garbage is collected from the same. c) Most of the biodegradable waste is taken by locals to feed their cattel. d) The biodegradable waste after segregation at Panzorconi is taken to the composting unit situated at Cuncolim bazaar. e) Composting unit in ward no 2 has made operational. f) 3 additional composting units of 50 m3 capacity have been set up.

GSPCB has issued Directions under section 5 of the Environment (Protection) act 1986 to Mapusa Municipal Council on 20 th March 2009.

Court Directives dated – 9th July 2008 1) The procedures set out at (A) shall be immediately adopted by all Municipal council not having waste treatment plant or waste disposal facilities presently in operation and the procedures listed at (B) shall be adopted by all Municipal Councils within 6 months from the date of this order. (The term Municipal council includes Corporation City of Panaji.)

Court Directives dated - 18 th February 2009

One more site inspection of Mapusa Municipal council.

Village Panchayat requires to clear five stages for site clearance. Firstly the concerned Panchayat is required to select the site, then obtain approval of the pollution control board and Town and Country planning authority, after which administrative approval is to be obtained after getting necessary documents from the concerned Panchayat and thereafter land acquisition proceedings to be followed.

We direct the concerned Panchayats to make appropriate arrangements for composting of the biodegradable waste and in this behalf we give six weeks time to each of the Panchayats to locate the place for biodegradable waste and commence composting on that basis at the said sites. All the concerned Panchayats shall also collect the plastic waste and store and bale at an appropriate place or send material for recycling. After a period of six weeks Pollution Control Board shall carry out inspection and shall submit the report before this court.

After Inspection of the arrangement provided by Mapusa Municipal Council, GSPCB has issued directions under section 5 of Environment Protection Act 1986 to Chief Officer, Mapusa Municipal Council, Bardez on dated 20.03.2009.

Court Directives dated - 8th April 2009

Further time of 6 months is given to 11 municipal councils namely Bicholim, Quepem, Ponda, Canacona, Cuncolim, Curchorem, Margao, Sanguem, Sanquelim, Pernem and Corporation of Panjim to report full compliance with directions dated 09-07-2008.

Maupsa and Valpoi do not have authorized sites for treatment of garbage and disposal of inert / residual wastes as per interim directions dated 09-07-2008, we grant time of six months to acquire the site and to report full compliance.

GSPCB has identified 189 establishments as source of biodegradable waste and 144 out of them have been inspected. We direct the pollution control board to complete the process of verification within two months and submit report. The Court Matter is still Subjudice.

CHAPTER 5 GOOD INITIATIVES 5.1 Panjim : Composting Pits

Panji Corporation have provided composting pits for collection Treatment and disposal of MSW. It seems to be a unique feature for decentralized treatment and disposal of MSW. The list of pits provided by Panji Corporation is as below. The manure generated is sold at the minimum rate of Rs. 3.6 / kg to maximum rate of Rs. 10 / kg. List of Bulk Composting Stations In Panaji City

Sr. Zone Name Address No. 1 Inox - Market Next to New Market, Phase 1 Unit No 1 2 Inox - Market Next to New Market, Phase 1 Unit No 2 3 Inox - Market Next to New Market, Phase 1 Unit No 3 4 Inox - Market Next to New Market, Phase 1 Unit No 4 5 Inox - Market Next to New Market, Phase 1 Unit No 5 6 Inox - Market Next to New Market, Phase 1 Unit No 6 7 Inox - Market Next to New Market, Phase 1 Unit No 7 8 Inox - Market Next to New Market, Phase 1 Unit No 8 9 Inox - Market Next to New Market, Phase 1 Unit No 9 10 Inox - Market Next to New Market, Phase 1 Unit No 10 11 Inox - Market Next to New Market, Phase 1 Unit No 11 12 Inox - Market Next to New Market, Phase 1 Unit No 12 13 Inox - Market Next to New Market, Phase 1 Unit No 13 14 Inox - Market Next to New Market, Phase 1 Unit No 14 15 Inox - Market Next to New Market, Phase 1 Unit No 15 16 Patto Between Mandovi Bridges Unit No 01 17 Patto Between Mandovi Bridges Unit No 02 18 Patto Between Mandovi Bridges Unit No 03 19 Patto Between Mandovi Bridges Unit No 04 20 Patto Between Mandovi Bridges Unit No 05 21 Patto Between Mandovi Bridges Unit No 06 22 Patto Between Mandovi Bridges Unit No 07 23 Patto Between Mandovi Bridges Unit No 08 24 Patto Below Bridge, next to PET Bottle Coll. Center. Unit No 01 25 Patto Below Bridge, next to PET Bottle Coll. Center. Unit No 02 26 Patto Below Bridge, next to PET Bottle Coll. Center. Unit No 03 27 Patto Below Bridge, next to PET Bottle Coll. Center. Unit No 04 28 Patto Below Bridge, next to PET Bottle Coll. Center. Unit No 05 29 Patto With Enclosed Area Adjacent to STP Plant. Unit No 01 30 Patto With Enclosed Area Adjacent to STP Plant. Unit No 02 31 Patto With Enclosed Area Adjacent to STP Plant. Unit No 03 32 Patto With Enclosed Area Adjacent to STP Plant. Unit No 04 33 Patto With Enclosed Area Adjacent to STP Plant. Unit No 05 34 Patto With Enclosed Area Adjacent to STP Plant. Unit No 06 35 Patto With Enclosed Area Adjacent to STP Plant. Unit No 07 36 Patto With Enclosed Area Adjacent to STP Plant. Unit No 08 37 Patto With Enclosed Area Adjacent to STP Plant. Unit No 09 38 Patto With Enclosed Area Adjacent to STP Plant. Unit No 10 39 Patto With Enclosed Area Adjacent to STP Plant. Unit No 11 40 Patto With Enclosed Area Adjacent to STP Plant. Unit No 12 41 Patto With Enclosed Area Adjacent to STP Plant. Unit No 13 42 Patto With Enclosed Area Adjacent to STP Plant. Unit No 14 43 Patto With Enclosed Area Adjacent to STP Plant. Unit No 15 44 Patto With Enclosed Area Adjacent to STP Plant. Unit No 16 45 Patto With Enclosed Area Adjacent to STP Plant. Unit No 17 46 Patto With Enclosed Area Adjacent to STP Plant. Unit No 18 47 Patto With Enclosed Area Adjacent to STP Plant. Unit No 19 48 Patto With Enclosed Area Adjacent to STP Plant. Unit No 20 49 Patto With Enclosed Area Adjacent to STP Plant. Unit No 21 50 Patto With Enclosed Area Adjacent to STP Plant. Unit No 22 51 Patto With Enclosed Area Adjacent to STP Plant. Unit No 23 52 Patto With Enclosed Area Adjacent to STP Plant. Unit No 24 53 Patto With Enclosed Area Adjacent to STP Plant. Unit No 25 54 Patto With Enclosed Area Adjacent to STP Plant. Unit No 26 55 Patto With Enclosed Area Adjacent to STP Plant. Unit No 27 56 Patto With Enclosed Area Adjacent to STP Plant. Unit No 28 57 Patto With Enclosed Area Adjacent to STP Plant. Unit No 29 58 Patto With Enclosed Area Adjacent to STP Plant. Unit No 30 59 Patto Within disused ADS Plant 60 Ribandar Within Ribandar-Patto Market Complex

In addition of the public compost pits provided and operated by the Municipal body, there are also a no of compost pit provided and operated by private parties.

Sr. Composting Zone Name Address No. Unit No Within Shed in Corner of Church Square 1 Ch. Square Garden (PC) Behind PWD, Govt. Quarters, Behind 2 Bhatlem - Mala Block D 61 Behind PWD, Govt. Quarters, Behind 3 Bhatlem - Mala Block E 62 Behind PWD, Govt. Quarters, Behind 4 Bhatlem - Mala Block F 63 Behind PWD, Govt. Quarters, Near Road 5 Bhatlem - Mala Side 64 6 Bhatlem - Mala Near Sati Temple, Govt. Qtrs. C Class 58

7 Bhatlem - Mala Besides Sewage Pump, Neogi Nagar

At Kurtarkar Apartmenets, Jairam 47 8 Bhatlem - Mala Complex 9 Bhatlem - Mala At Animal Shelter 31 At Madhuban Apartments, Near Cemetary 10 Bhatlem - Mala (Other Side) 32 11 Bhatlem - Mala At Mudhuban Apartments, Near Cemetary 33 12 Bhatlem - Mala Nandanban Apartments 13 Bhatlem - Mala TB Hospital 20 14 Bhatlem - Mala Opposite Petrol Pump at Neogi Nagar (PC) At GRP Police Quarters, Opp. Goa College 15 Altinho of Architechure 38 16 Altinho Next to Goa College of Architecture 39 17 Altinho GPP Polytechnic Quarters 36 18 Altinho At Elecrticity Dept. Quarters 37 Behind Garage / Porch of PWD, D Type 19 Altinho Govt. Quarters 65 20 Altinho In Municipal Garden In Front of AIR 45 21 Altinho At Metrological Department 44 22 Altinho Opp. Bishops Palace, Near Circuit House 42 23 Altinho Opp. Bishop's Palace, Near Circuit House 43 Opp. Sesa Ghor, Near Tourisim Office 24 Patto Garden 55 25 Patto At PWD Quarters Patto 57 Near PWD Quarters, Near New Patto 26 Patto Bridge 56 27 Patto Next to unused Bio-Reactor Plant (PC) 28 Miramar Near Fakri Manzil, La Campala Colony. 29 Miramar Behind London Hotel 18 Near St. Inez Nalla, At St. Mary's Colony 30 Miramar Near School 16 31 Miramar Near Nallah, (Transformer) 32 Miramar Near Fakri Manzil, La Campala Colony. 17 33 Miramar Behind London Hotel 19 34 Miramar Near Nallah, (Transformer) 35 Fontainhas Opposite Souza, Rua de Ourem 49 Opp. Petrol Pump, Neugi Nagar, Near 36 Fontainhas Handicrafts Cent. No 1 48 37 Fontainhas Opp Petrol Pump at Neogi Nagar (PC) 38 Dona Paula Near La Marvel Colony 1 39 Caranzalem At Models Millenum 2 40 Caranzalem At Sabnis Mornach 6 41 Caranzalem At Campo Verde 7 42 Caranzalem At La Asiana Building 9 43 Caranzalem At Adarsh Colony 11 44 Caranzalem At Kamat Estate, Tonca 15 45 Caranzalem Behaind Yashodan Apartments 46 Miramar At Casa de Sol, near Hotel Marriots 20 47 Caranzalem At Kamat Villas 3 48 Caranzalem At Olympia Housing Society 4 49 Caranzalem At Models Enclave 8 50 Caranzalem At Kamat Classic - I 10 51 Caranzalem Model's Paradise 52 Caranzalem At Kamat Complex, Tonca 14 53 Caranzalem At Pai Bhavan, Tonca 13 54 Caranzalem At Kamat Mansion 12 55 Caranzalem At Landscape By The Bay 66 56 Caranzalem At Agnelo Colony 5 At D-Type Govt. Quarters, Taad Maad 57 St. Inez Junction 22 58 St. Inez At Fire Brigade Quarters 23 At D-Type Govt. Quarters, behind Branco 59 St. Inez House 24 At Karimabad Housing Society, Near 60 St. Inez Parade Ground 25 At B-Zone Municipal Qtrs. (Municipal 61 St. Inez Library) 30 62 St. Inez At Greenland Society, Campal 26 63 St. Inez At SBI Quarters, near Caculo Island. 29 64 St. Inez At Landscape, Pinto Park, Campal 27 65 St. Inez At Models Exotica, Tonca 28 66 St. Inez At Patricia Pinto's Residence, Campal 68 Near Nallah, Between Military Hosp & 67 St. Inez Residence 68 Inox - Market At Municipal Garden, Opp. Geeta Bakery 53 69 Inox - Market At Municipal Garden, Opp. Geeta Bakery 52 70 Boca de Vaca At CCP Office Garage 51 At Bothelo Residence, Opp. Ribandar 71 Ribandar Church 58 72 Ribandar Milroc Ribandar 73 Caranzalem Kamat Kinara 74 Taleigao Bhobe's House 76 Bhatlem - Mala TB Hospital 77 Bhatlem - Mala Opposite Dhan-Laxmi Housing Society 60 78 Bhatlem - Mala At Zarina Towers 79 Miramar Opp. Zatye's Residence 67 Behind El Paso Hotel, Opp Mango Tree, 80 Miramar Rego's House 81 Miramar At Casa de Sol, near Hotel Marriots 20 82 Miramar Near Sports Authority of Goa Bldg. 21 Near Ganesh Prasad Bldg, On Road to St. 83 Altinho Inez 34 84 Altinho Doordarshan Quarters 35 85 Altinho Opp. ITI, E-Type Quarters 40 At Military Headquarters, Nr. Residential 86 Altinho Area 41 87 Altinho Infront of Monte Pio Police Quarters 46 Opp. Petrol Pump, Neugi Nagar, Near 88 Fontainhas Handicrafts Cent. No 2 At Campal Parade Grounds, Behind Pinto 89 St. Inez Arcade Unit No 1 At Campal Parade Grounds, Behind Pinto 90 St. Inez Arcade Unit No 2 At Campal Parade Grounds, Behind Pinto 91 St. Inez Arcade Unit No 3 At Campal Parade Grounds, Behind Pinto 92 St. Inez Arcade Unit No 4 At Campal Parade Grounds, Behind Pinto 93 St. Inez Arcade Unit No 5 At Campal Parade Grounds, Behind Pinto 94 St. Inez Arcade Unit No 6 At Campal Parade Grounds, Behind Pinto 95 St. Inez Arcade Unit No 7 At Campal Parade Grounds, Behind Pinto 96 St. Inez Arcade Unit No 8 97 Taleigao At Taleigao Plateau, Near Quarry No. 1 98 Taleigao At Taleigao Plateau, Near Quarry No. 2 99 Caranzalem Opp. Petrol Pump, Near Swimsea Hotel 100 Caranzalem Opposite Water Sports, at Y Junction 101 Patto Within Ginger Hotel Premises

5.2 Mormugao This municipal council generates 45 MT/day of MSW. In that biodegradable waste is 19 MT /day and Non Biodegradable waste is 26 MT /day. Private contract has been given for treatment of garbage. Council is transporting garbage up to dumping ground. Contractor has deployed his machinery and manpower for treatment. Garbage is treated by wind row composting method. Treatment is quite effective and organic manure is used by local farmers. 5 MT is total output of fertilizer per day.

Decision regarding Plastic bag The council has taken decision to ban sell and use of plastic carry bags from 26/01/2006. In the jurisdiction of Marmugaon Municipal Council, Vasco. Further vide notification number LS/MISC/1915/Part/859 dated 21/12/2001. Government of Goa has Authorized Chief Officer, Municipal Engineer, Sanitary Inspector and Municipal Inspector to compound any offence punishable under the Goa non biodegradable rules 1996.

5.3 Mapusa: • Composting at 21 Locations. • The Council has purchased mixer on trial basis for faster decomposition of biodegradable waste in market complex. 5.4 Pernem • Bio-degradable waste is processed by way composting in composting unit constructed in every ward & Non-bio degradable waste like plastic bags/sheets are baled and stored within the municipal premises, plastic boatels etc. are stored in to the collection cage and there after the plastic waste in given to the nearby Industry (Jay Bhairavanath Plastic Industry at korgao, Pernem) for its disposal. • The council has set up total 24 nos. of composting units in all the wards of the council having a total capacity of approximately 80 cu. m. Area of one composting unit is approximately 10 sq. m. • For Installation of 5 MT capacity Mechanical composting unit, civil work is in progress. 5.5 Ponda • 1 private composting unit is also in operation and it is operated by a housing complex of Ved associates. • Composting at 10 locations, Capacity 50 m3

5.6 Valpoi • Composting at 04 locations, Capacity 36 m3. • For MAchanical composting unit tender procedure is in progress. 5.7 Bicholim • Mechanical Composting unit is in operation since Sept.2009 • Sanitary Landfill Site work is in progress. 5.8 Sanquelim • Composting at 05 locations, Capacity 35 m3. • Mechanical composting unit is installed and it is in operation since April 2011.. 5.9 Margao • Composting at 2 Locations, Quantity treated is 500 kg /day. • Work order for MSW Processing plant issued. 5.10 Quepem • Composting at 3 locations, quantity treated is 200 kg /day. • Tender for MSW treatment and disposal has been sanctioned and civil work is in progress.. 5.11 Cacora – Corchorem • Land acquisition proposal submitted to Deputy Collector on 29-09-2008. 5.12 Canacona • Composting at 5 locations, quantity treated is 500 kg /day. • Tender has been awarded for MSW Processing unit and civil work is in progress. 5.13 Cuncolim • 5 Composting unit in Operation . • Tender has floated for MSW Processing unit. 5.14 Sanguem • Composting at 09 locations, Capacity 27 m3 5.15 Common Initiatives • All Municipal Councils have started baling of Plastic waste • All Municipal Councils have directed new building (after 09/07/2008) with more than 20 residential units to install composting units in their premises. 5.16 Panchayats - Achievements In order to tackle the garbage problem in the village Panchayats , the department is implementing the “Goa Rural Garbage Scheme 2005”. 134 village have identified the land site for collection and treatment of the garbage. Further, 75 proposals have been cleared by the Goa Pollution Control Board and the same are being processed for land acquisition purpose. 5.17 Urban development – Achievements Solid Waste Management Plan is introduced in the Municipal areas in order to provide clean environment and freedom from menace of garbage. There is a proposal which will cater to the needs of councils and village panchayats . 5.18 Tetrapak Initiative : Tetrapak packaging was not collected in Goa previously. Rag pickers (people who collect garbage) now get 4 rupees for every kilo of tetrapak they collect. Scrap dealers, the people who ragpickers sell their waste to get 8 rupees per kilo from Tetrapak. The problem is the cost and environmental impact to transport it to Vapi, 2000 km away where the tetrapak is then recycled. Each 9 ton truckload that goes from Bangalore to Vapi is worth 100,000 rupees. The cost of transportation is 20,000 rupees and is currently paid for by Tetrapak. The discarded packaging is then made into fantastic notebooks, beautiful roof tiles and building wall sheets. It’s as strong as concrete and the same price too.

5.19 MoU with ACC: A Memorandum of understanding (MOU) between the Department of Environment, Government of Goa and Associated Cement Companies Ltd (ACC),

Wadi Cement works, was signed for the disposal of plastic waste generated in the state

of Goa.

The MoU envisages establishing collection and segregation mechanism of plastics waste

from non-biodegradable solid waste for disposal through co-processing at ACC’s Wadi

Cement Works.

The MoU will be valid for a term of 3 years from the date of execution of the MoU with

an option of renewal with mutual consent and on mutually agreed terms and

conditions. ACC will provide the services free of cost to the Department of Environment,

Government of Goa. ACC and Department of Environment will nominate persons who

should act as points of contact during the term of MoU. As per MoU ACC and Department of Environment will join hands to work together for safe disposal of plastic waste and other non-recyclable combustible waste such as small pieces of rubber, wood, cotton, paper, thermacol, tyres etc segregated from the above said non-biodegradable solid waste.

CHAPTER 6 STATE POLICIES

Panchayats- Achievements

• In order to tackle the garbage problem in the village Panchayats, the department is implementing the “Goa Rural Garbage Scheme 2005”. 134 village Panchayats have identified the land site for collection and treatment of the garbage. Further, 75 proposals have been cleared by the Goa Pollution Control Board and the same are being processed for land acquisition purpose.

Urban development – Achievements

• Solid Waste Management Plan is introduced in the Municipal Areas in order to provide clean environment and freedom from menace of garbage. There is a proposal which will cater to the needs of Councils and Village Panchayats.

Implementation of Municipal Solid wastes (Management & Handling) Rules, 2000

The Board has issued authorization to all the 14 local bodies under the Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) Rules. Five Municipal bodies have partly adopted effective composting methods for processing of their waste.

Goa State is following the MSW Rules (2000) issued by MoEF and the brief extract of MSW Rules for better waste management is as follows:

5.1 Action Point 1

Collection & disposal of waste of bulk generators such as hotels, restaurants, shop etc, debris and green waste

Separate Collection and Disposal Mechanism for Construction Waste / Debris

Separate Collection and Disposal Mechanism for Hotel and restaurant Waste

5.2 Action Point 2

Notify the procedure of storage in two bin system and handing over of the waste to collection staff for all waste generators.

5.3 Action Point 3

Door to door collection of waste, segregation of waste at source in recyclable and biodegradable, avoiding multiple and manual handling of waste using closed waste bins and closed vehicles

Separate Collection Mechanism Required for Different Residences.

Give the Community rights to monitor services.

Municipal council will insist on segregated waste being given during door to door collection

5.4 Action Point 4

No waste will be allowed to throw on the streets, footpaths, open places, drains or water bodies. To create the powerful implementing authority of above rule.

5.5 Action Point 5

Reduction in waste at generating source and installing decentralized processing plants. Opening of recyclable waste purchasing centers.

5.6 Action Point 6

Sweeping of all roads and public places. Providing sufficient litterbins at public places.

5.7 Action Point 7

Installation of scientific and decentralized small processing plants.

5.8 Action Point 8

Providing Sanitary landfill site.

Create proper Facilities at landfill sites

• To minimize the possibility of contaminating surface and groundwater. • To have control over gaseous emissions. • To maximize resource productivity.

5.9 Action Point 9

Making arrangements for collection, segregation, transportation and processing of bio medical waste.

The Goa Non-Biodegradable Garbage (Control) Act, 1996 (as amended till 2000) Notification no : 7-4-1997/LA

An act to prevent throwing or depositing non-biodegradable garbage in public drains, roads and place open .

Rural Garbage Disposal Scheme : Eleven village panchayats in the state have been identified for an action plan under the state government’s Rural Garbage Disposal

Scheme.

Directions in this regard were issued by the directorate of Panchayats to the Block Development Officers to adopt a panchayat in their respective jurisdictions.

The BDOs in ten talukas have responded and identified the panchayats.

The government had formulated the Rural Garbage Disposal Scheme for assisting the village panchayats in safe and hygienic disposal of the garbage in the panchayat areas. However, progress made by the village panchayats in this regard was dismal. Hence, the government decided that the BDOs shall adopt a village panchayat under their respective jurisdiction for assisting the selected village panchayat in formulating an action plan so that the Rural

Garbage Disposal Scheme could be implemented without any hindrance.

Under the above-mentioned scheme the government provides financial assistance to village panchayats to identify a site within the village for garbage disposal besides funding the construction of composting pits etc. However, the response had been poor with the panchayats failing to identify a suitable plot in the villages. Ironically, many plots selected by the village panchayats had been rejected by the state pollution control board as the villages failed to meet the criteria for setting up a garbage disposal site.

The action plan for the villages involves ward wise data collection of names and number of households, schools, hotels and industries, preparation of route for collection of plastic waste from households by the labourers, preparation of estimates for requirement of labourers, preparation of estimates for setting up of composting pits within the panchayat areas, preparation of estimates for recurring cost/expenditure on maintaining composting pits, holding of regular collection drives and awareness campaigns and monitoring the progress of garbage management in the villages every month.

Plastic Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011 "

The Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India has notified [vide Notification No. S.O.249(E), F.No.17-2/2001-HSMD dated 04.02.2011] the " Plastic Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011 " to replace the earlier Recycled Plastics Manufacture and Usage Rules, 1999 (amended in 2003). the Salient Features of the New Rules are as under;

Some of the salient features of the new Rules are:-

• Use of plastic materials in sachets for storing, packing or selling gutkha, tobacco and pan masala has been banned. • Under the new Rules, foodstuffs will not be allowed to be packed in recycled plastics or compostable plastics. • Recycled carry bags shall conform to specific BIS standards. • Plastic carry bags shall either be white or only with those pigments and colourants which are in conformity with the bar prescribed by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). This shall apply expressly for pigments and colourants to be used in plastic products which come in contact with foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals and drinking water. • Plastic carry bags shall not be less than 40 microns in thickness. Under the earlier Rules, the minimum thickness was 20 microns. Several State Governments in the meanwhile, had stipulated varying minimum thickness. It is now expected that 40 microns norms will become the uniform standard to be followed across the country. • The minimum size (of 8x12 inches) for the plastic carry bags prescribed under the earlier Rules has been dispensed with. • Carry bags can be made from compostable plastics provided they conform to BIS standards.

It is also critical to note the 'Additional Safeguards' built in these Rules;

• No carry bags shall be made available free of cost to consumers. The municipal authority may determine the minimum price for plastic carry bags. • The municipal authority may also direct the manufacturers to establish plastic waste collection centres, either collectively or individually, in line with the principle of ‘Extended Producers Responsibility’. • The new Rules have stipulated provisions for marking or labeling to indicate name, registration number of the manufacturer, thickness and also to indicate whether they are recycled or compostable.

CHAPTER 7 Status of Compliance of MSW Rules 2000

Following is the format for evaluating the status of various criteria of MSW Rules 2000.

Criteria Present Status Prohibition of Notified on The summary is littering given below Sweeping service 100 % on all days Litter bins Provided Bins Community, Rules Compliant, Nos. Collection and Separate collection of waste at source transportation of waste Two bin system adopted by generators, Rules compliant 100 % Doorstep Collection Closed vehicles, no manual handling Collection of Debris & Green Waste on Demand % of secondary collection Processing of % decentralized, no of places and total land biodegradable waste Method of Processing Decentralized Centralized Processing at Landfill / Dumping, Area, Technology Final disposal at Sanitary Landfill / Controlled Dumping / Dumping landfill Area allocated for SLF, For 25 years Survey, Design, Planning Joined Centralized Landfill Public Awareness Target groups identified No of Programmes / month % of separate & Door step collection achieved Enforcement Action against nuisance / month Action against Defaulter of separate collection and door step collection / month

With reference to the above format following are observations.

• Prohibition of littering: Almost in all municipal councils littering is done. Though litterbins have been provided citizens and tourist are not using them effectively.

• Collection and transportation of waste: MSW is collected by all municipal council by doorstep services but it is not segregates at source.

• Processing of biodegradable waste: Most of the Municipal councils are processing the biodegradable waste by way of composting units. Bicholim and Mormugao are having mechanical composting units. Others are in process of installing the same.

• Final disposal at landfill: Not a single municipal council has developed sanitary landfill site, At Bicholim municipal council the work is in progress for Sanitary Landfill.

• Public Awareness: This is the most important area for effective implementation of MSW rules. All municipal councils should take maximum efforts regarding Public Awareness.

• Enforcement: Municipal councils have not taken actions against persons / agencies violating the MSW rules.

CHAPETR 8 Findings/Conclusions/Recommendations

1. The Collection and transport system of municipal solid waste is quite effective for all municipal councils. All Municipal Council have obtained Authorization from GSPCB. All dumping sites are authorized by GSPCB. At few locations there are some local issues hence municipal council is not able to use that site.

2. Segregation is a common problem for all municipal councils. Segregation is not done as per the MSW rules 2000, at least biodegradable and non biodegradable waste should be collected separately. Emphasis should be given on segregation of waste. Two bin systems should be adopted by all. Basic guideline of MSW rules 2000 should be followed by waste generators, collection and transport contractors, and treatment agencies.

There should be amendment in the municipal act for house to house collection, segregation to be made compulsory of MSW. There should be imposition of penalty if unsegregated waste is received.

3. In most of the cases municipal engineer is looking after waste management. Preferably there should be separate person to look after this critical issue.

4. Small composting units are started by all municipal council but total % quantity of treated MSW is less. Additional composting units should be constructed by all municipal councils for treatment of biodegradable waste.

5. Instead of centralized treatment plant, Decentralized approach should be followed. Small projects of 2 – 3 tons capacity per day can solve the problem of most of the municipal councils. Either OWC or biogases of this capacity are easily available. Henceforth separate funds should be provided for treatment of MSW.

6. Some council’s are having accumulated stock of plastic waste but they are not able to find out recycling agency for the same. GSPCB can help them for identifying recycling agency. Goa State Industries Association should help councils to overcome this issue.

7. Treatment of MSW is most important thing but unfortunately this is the most neglected area. Effective treatment methods should be adopted by all municipal councils. For the major cities like Panjim, Margao, Mapusa treatment of MSW should be started immediately.

8. Various treatment methods are discussed in this report any one of them should be adopted and either bio gas or bio manure should be generated from MSW. 3R principle of waste management Reduce, Reuse and Recycle should be adopted.

9. In order to meet the norms of MSW rules 2000 and for effective MSW management all Municipal councils should follow the Nine Action Point program.

10. Awareness about MSW rules is to be created among all levels of society and for that GSPCB and Municipal council can take help of external agencies and NGO’s.

11. For Non Biodegradable and Non recyclable waste two sanitary landfill sites should be developed, one for North Goa and another for South Goa. Common consultant can be appointed for all Municipal Councils by Govt. as each council cannot afford and require individual consultant for sanitary landfill.

12. Village Panchyats are far behind regarding MSW rules 2000. ( Rural Garbage Scheme 2005) Initially awareness program should be conducted for all village panchayts , then for selected village action plan should be developed which will include collection, segregation and treatment of garbage. Funds are available with some of the panchayats but they have not approached the Director for availing the funds.

13. The work of collection, treatment & disposal of MSW should be given to private contractors partly though not fully. Private contractors can be held responsible & can be taken to task for failure in the jobs mentioned above.

POSSIBLE METHODS FOR TREATMENT OF BIODEGRADABLE SOLID WASTE

Installation of Scientific and Decentralized Processing Units

There are different ways to treat and handle the solid waste. The details are discussed below.

A large portion of the budget on SWM is spent on collection and transport. This consumes huge quantity of fuel, man-hours and space.

• Considering heavy expenditure on transportation of solid waste, decentralized approach should be adopted, which is based on the “Treatment Closer to the Generation ” concept.

The decentralized system offers many benefits. Some of the major ones are cited below:

• Reduced load on the transport system as only 40% of the material will be transported over long distances. The distance traveled by the rest of the waste will only be a small fraction. This will reduce expenses on C & T by almost 60% and also result in lesser air pollution. • Another advantage of the decentralized approach is that it is modular in nature and will easily be implemented in stages. • The waste treatment projects being of smaller size, become manageable, and result in better value creation. The marketability of the produce is improved when multiple technologies produce different products. • The organic manure, both by bio-methanation as well as composting, will be of better quality. • Increased life of land fill as only a small portion of waste will be land filled. • Income generation for rag pickers. The health standards for this segment will also be improved.

Three techniques available for solid waste management in JNPT are 2) Vermicomposting 3) Mechanical Composting 4) Bio Methanation plant

8.1) Biodegradation by Vermicomposting

• Dry and Wet waste will be stored and collected separately. Dry waste will go for recycling and wet for biodegradation. To get the better results two dustbins will be provided in each house and canteen, one for dry waste and another for wet waste. Segregation of waste will be compulsory for all. Serious and continuous efforts are required to get results in this area as improper segregation is the basic reason of failure of many waste management projects. • A biodegradation tank will be prepared in one of the corners of complex and all the biodegradable wet waste will be treated in this tank. • The working of biodegradation tank is as follows.

In Biodegradation tank organic waste is degraded into high quality natural fertilizer. In this method organic bed is prepared by using cow dung, leaves and concentrated culture. The place selected for the organic bed should be in level and rainwater should not accumulate during rainy season. After preparing the bed by maintaining the proper conditions of temperature and humidity we can charge the organic waste on daily or regular basis. Decreasing level of the bed is the indication of the working of the bed. Within 45-60 days organic waste will degrade into high quality natural fertilizer which can be used for gardening purpose or for agriculture purpose. The quantity of organic manure is @ 15-20% of input organic waste can be used in the gardens.

8.2) Mechanical Composting

This is basically a shredder come mixer which converts the organic waste into organic manure. It is a batch process and in first cycle the organic waste is properly shredded and mixed and in second cycle concentrated culture, herbal pesticide and dry material are added in the organic waste. Dry material absorbs the moisture, culture biodegrades the organic waste and herbal pesticide removes the odour. The time cycle for one batch is @ 15 minutes and @ 35-40 kg organic waste can be treated per batch. The output is high quality organic manure.

Picture gallery showing various stages of compost preparation is as follows:

Windrow preparation Screening

Monsoon shed (optional) Ready compost

Organic Waste Converter

Organic waste converter helps in accelerating the biodegradation process. OWC is a compact and effective way of wet waste handling in very short time.

The details of OWC are as follows.

Model OWC 30 OWC 60 OWC 130 OWC 300 Power 3 Hp 5 Hp 8 Hp 13 Hp Connection Batch Size 10 kg 25 kg 50 kg 125 kg Batch Time 15-20 minutes 15-20 minutes 15-20 minutes 15-20 minutes No of Batches 20-24 20-24 20-24 20-24 Waste Handling 100 kg /shift 300 kg/shift 700 kg/ shift 2000 kg/shift Capacity MOC SS 304 SS 304 SS 304 SS 304 Curing System 1 single 1 single 1 single 5 double required 1 double 3 double Area Required For any OWC @ 100 sq.ft, Single Curing system 2 m X 4 m Double Curing System 3 m X 4 m Output Organic Manure 25-40 % of Input

The advantages of OWC are as follows. An ultimate solution for organic waste disposal. Value addition to the project by means of fertilizer generation. Neat and clean procedure no odor and stink. Easy handling and simple procedure. Avoids degradation of environment. Totally ecofriendly process and project. Support to the green cover in the city. Up gradation of the natural resources by completing the cycle of nature. Distribution of the organic manure to others. Meeting the requirements of various Government authorities and EMS of ISO 14001. Sets an unique example for others in area.

8.3) Bio Methanation Plant

NISRGRUNA Bio Gas technology is developed by BARC. The bio gas plant works on principle of Biomethanation where thermophilic microorganisms treat the organic waste to generate methane gas and organic manure.

The biogas plant consists of following units.

1) Mixer / Crusher: Segregated organic waste (free of plastic, paper, metal, Clothes and glass) is charged into mixer along with water. It is crushed here to obtain uniform slurry.

2) Primary Digester: The organic waste slurry mixed with hot water is charged into primary digester. The primary digester serves mainly as hydrolysis cum acidification tank for treatment of suspended solids. Compressed air is used which helps in increasing aeration. The primary digester is designed in such a way that after the system reaches equilibrium in initial 4-5 days the fresh slurry entering the tank will displace the equal amount of digested matter from top into main digester tank.

3) Main Digester: Main digester serves as methane fermentation tank and BOD reduction takes place here. The bio gas is collected in a dome (gas holder). It fits like a cap on the mouth of digester and it is submerged in the water. The bio gas produced from slurry is collected in dome and being lighter than air it rises upward. 1” GI piping is provided to transfer the biogas.

4) Sludge drying bed: The treated overflow of main digester is connected to sludge drying beds or manure pits. Natural drying of slurry results into high quality organic manure. Figure is given as follows.

Capacity kg Area m2 Power Water KL Methane Equivalent LPG Manure /day HP m3/day Kg/ day Kg/day 1000 100 5 1 60-70 30-35 50-70 2000 200 5 2 120-140 60-70 100-140 5000 500 10 7 300-350 150-170 250-350 10000 1200 15 15 600-700 300-350 500-700

List of civil equipments Sr. No. Description 01 Primary Digester 02 Main Digester 03 Slurry pit 04 Sludge Drying Bed 05 Shed above primary digester 06 Ramp

List of Mechanical equipments Sr. No. Description 01 Mixer 02 Compressor 03 Solar water heating system 05 Gas Burner 06 Gas Meter 07 Plumbing accessories 08 Electric accessories 09 Slurry pump and water pump

Advantages of Bio gas Plant • A very convenient way to treat biodegradable waste. • Clean, hygienic and pollution free environment. • Airtight top covers of the system hence no odour or smell. • No flies, mosquitoes or rats and rodents problem. • Electric consumption and water consumption are very low. • Saving on transportation of waste. • Smoke free fuel can be used for cooking, in boilers or for electricity generation. • 100 % depreciation in the year of installation. • Compact size. • Organic manure as a by product.

Gas Utilization System • Gas can be used directly for cooking by installing special type of burners. • For Hot Water Generation. • Gas can be supplied to bio generator and Electricity can be generated. Diesel not required. • Gas can be stored in balloon (limited quantity) and can be transported to nearby location for utilization. • Gas can be fed to boiler and steam can be generated. Dual burners can be developed which can run on gas and FO/ LDO.

Treatment of Non biodegradable waste

Once people start segregating the waste at source then biodegradable waste will go for treatment and non bio degradable waste will collected and stored separately. The recyclable waste will be given to authorized and identified contractor for recycling. Storage facility for recyclable waste should be developed.

The waste which can neither be treated nor recycled will only go for sanitary landfill. The quantity of this type of waste will be @ 15 - 20% of total solid waste.

Annexure – 2: Inspection report of immediate measures & Interim measures taken by the Municipal councils & corporation.