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The Science and Technology of Prescribing Photochromics

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The Science and Technology of Prescribing Photochromics The Science and Technology of Jenean Carlton BA, ABOC, NCLC Prescribing Photochromics 9 Protect patients from harmful UV (cataracts, aging 9President, Carlton & Associates, LLC – Carlton Jenean Carlton BA, ABOC, NCLC around eyes, pterygium …) and Associates, LLC provides communications and educational materials for the optical industry. 9 Provide glare protection – especially important for 9Contributing Editor for Refractive Eyecare Course #214 patients with glare issues or photophobia magazine and freelance writer to the industry. Monterey Symposium 9Communications Committee member OWA. 9 Are convenient – easier than keeping up with two or 9Has worked in the optical industry for more than more pairs of glasses 25 years with more than half of this time spent managing practices. 9 Are variable – they automatically adjust to light 9Vision Monday’s Most Influential Women Award in conditions in the environment Optical 2005 Source: Transitions Optical 1 2 3 Copyright Carlton & Associates, LLC 2012 9 Americans at risk increasing Men Experiencing Women Experiencing 9 Only 9% of Americans know UV can as baby-boomers age cause eye damage Dry eye 9% 15% 9 4 leading causes of blindness Trouble seeing 11% 22% Proportion Awareness/Action at night 9 Age-related macular degeneration 1 out of 4 Do not know there’s a treatment Light sensitivity 6% 11% 9 Glaucoma for glaucoma 9 Cataract 1 out of 3 Do not know there’s a treatment 9 Diabetic retinopathy for astigmatism 9 More women say headaches impact 9 2 out of 3 Do not know there’s a treatment vision, and are caused by glare Total annual cost of adult for presbyopia Basketball superstar eye diseases = $35.4 billion Lebron James only recently realized that he 9 All issues increased with age could correct his vision 9 Can be detected / treated through regular eye care to see distant objects. 4 5 6 1 9 Visual Acuity & Color Vision 9 Trouble seeing up close (presbyopia) 9 Are fashionable and speak to patients interested in 9 Lens yellows leading to cataracts 2010 Sunwear Sales fashion-forward items… 9 Colors less bright – reduced contrast 9 98.3 million pairs of plano sunglasses sold 9 Value of 3.42 Billion 9 Latest and greatest regarding lens technology… 9 Sensitivity to Light/Glare 9 Bring much needed revenue to your 9 Pupil shrinks = need more light bottom line profits 9 Causes light sensitivity 9 A product that benefits every age patient… 9 Approximately 40% of your patients come 9 Tear production slows 9 State of the art lenses perform better than older to your office interested in purchasing 9 30% of those age 50+ models and have a life span of two years or longer… photochromics have dry eye 9 Light/Glare sensitivity worse with dry eyes 7 8 Copyright Carlton & Associates, LLC 2012 9 Copyright Carlton & Associates, LLC 2012 1992 Transitions Plus lenses introduced to the market 1997 Transitions III lenses released, first Transitions 9 Latest technology can do more than correct lenses in polycarbonate made using Trans- bonding™ vision 1966 Corning introduces Photogray glass lenses with silver halide. (Silver halide is an inorganic material.) 2002 Next Generation Transitions lenses released 9 Enhance vision for real world applications 1973 PPG begins CR-39® photochromic experiments. Corning, Rodenstock, Signet Armorlite, other 9 Lens treatments like photochromics and anti-reflective manufacturers create their own proprietary coatings minimize glare and reflections 1981 American Optical debuts Photolite – the first 9 Reduce eyestrain and fatigue photochromic lenses soon after plastic photochromic lens. Photolite has a trendy dark blue color, no sun protection. 2008 Transitions VI lenses released- BIG differences 9 Protect eyes against trauma 9 Impact-resistant lenses, safety frames 1990 PPG and Essilor International establish a joint 2009 Expanded line of Transitions performance sunwear, venture called Transitions Optical, Inc. Transitions® was SOLFX now… 9 Preserve vision for a lifetime plastic photochromic lenses introduced the same 2010 Transitions® XTRActive™ lenses released of healthy sight year. 9 Photochromic lenses block UV ® 9 Understanding the science of these lenses will aid you in making 2012 Transitions Vantage™ lenses released! The first better lens choices for your patients photochromic + variable polarization! 10 Copyright Carlton & Associates, LLC 2012 11 Copyright Carlton & Associates, LLC 2012 12 2 How Photochromics Work………… Electromagnetic Spectrum 9 Organic – natural, composed of carbon or 9 Neutral Dyes – desirable, result in best color The visible spectrum consists of electromagnetic hydrogen materials perception for the wearer, esp grey wavelengths that are between 380nm -760nm 9 Inorganic – artificial, not composed of carbon 9 Fade time – the amount of time it takes for an short long or hydrogen activated photochromic lens to revert to it’s clear state Gamma X - UV Infrared Radar Radio Waves, A-C 9 Electromagnetic Spectrum – an orderly Rays rays TV 100-380nm arrangement of all known radiant energy 9 Fatigue rate – measurement of the lifetime of photochromic compounds, dependent on.. 9 Silver Halide – an inorganic material used in Visible Spectrum 9 Leuco state – when a photochromic lens has 380nm 760 glass photochromics faded back to it’s clear form 400 500 600 700 9 Activation time – the time it takes for a lens 9 Matrix – the lens material in which violet blue green yellow orange red to darken to it’s full depth of color photochromic dyes are incorporated- the monomer. Sir Issac Newton demonstrated the dispersion of white light into its component colors. Roy G. Biv 13 14 Copyright Carlton & Associates, LLC 2012 15 Copyright Carlton & Associates, LLC 2012 Copyright Carlton & Associates, LLC 2012 How Photochromics Work………… UV Spectrum When activated by UV light, dye molecules Short Long Beneficial uses: change their shape – as a result of this the UVC UVB UVA Visible 9 Curing coatings on lens changes from a leuco (clear) to a light 100-280 280-320 320-400 ophthalmic lenses starts 9 Drying inks in printing colored state. Photochromism is a reversible here Filtered by ozone sunburn tanning processes change of color upon exposure to UV. 9 Fluorescent lighting HEAT 9 Sterilization of surfaces 100nm-----------------------------------------------380nm What reaches earth? Primarily UVA, less than 1% is Bad and Just Plain Ugly: UVB. 9Cornea, lens and retina problems 9Photokeratitis MOST Photochromic dyes are stimulated by 9Skin damage and cancer UV wavelengths (300-360nm). Copyright Carlton & Associates, LLC 2012 16 17 Copyright Carlton & Associates, LLC 2012 18 Copyright Carlton & Associates, LLC 2012 3 Dye Performance Goals lightened darkened 1) Neutral, predictable and consistent color in the activated states (photochromic dyes are VERY unstable) 2) Clear in their inactivated state, unless… 3) Good activation and fade rates… 4) Fatigue resistance – what does the term “fatigue” closed open mean? 5) Good performance even in high temperatures. 9 Photochromic reaction Photochromic performance is influenced by 9 The dye crystals change shape in the presence of temperature, UV exposure and lens material. UV and then revert back to their original shape when UV source is removed. Copyright Carlton & Associates, LLC 2012 19 Copyright Carlton & Associates, LLC 2012 20 Copyright Carlton & Associates, LLC 2012 21 How Photochromics Work………… UV intensity fluctuates greatly depending on: Most commonly used dyes today are: 9 Photochromic properties fatigue after a few years, resin lenses fatigue….. 9Season (winter, summer, etc.) 9 Oxazine – offer fast activation and fade rates, resist 9Time of day photodegradation, and have a longer life span but are 9 Won’t activate to a dark level like sunglasses temperature sensitive and don’t perform well in warm inside an auto because… 9Latitude (north to south in relation to the climates. equator) 9 Some do activate (reportedly) to a slight degree 9Altitude (height or elevation- ex. Mt. 9 Naphthopyrans – stable, less temperature resistant by visible light … Everest) dyes. 9Weather conditions (cloud coverage) 9 Temperature problems are historic for resin 9Temperature – the dyes always get darker 9 Indenonaphthopyrans lenses but the new dyes are better… and switch faster in colder climates Copyright Carlton & Associates, LLC 2012 22 23 Copyright Carlton & Associates, LLC 2012 24 Copyright Carlton & Associates, LLC 2012 4 Photochromic Dyes Photochromic Dyes Dye Applications C.I.E.L.A.B. is an acronym for Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage, Lightness axis, A axis, B axis C.I.E.L.A.B. - Stable colors result in a small ring For ophthalmic lenses there are currently 5 dye opening. application methods: 9Imbibing – Transitions Optical Inc. 9In-Mass or En-Mass – Rodenstock “ColorMatic Extra, Corning “SunSensors” 9Matrix/Composite – Signet Armorlite, Inc., “KODAK InstaShades” 9Trans-Bonding – Transitions Optical Inc. 9Coating – Beloptix, Inc, OptiSource International A axis measures green to red coordinates, B axis measures blue to yellow. Lower values indicate neutral colors while higher values indicate more intense colors. Copyright Carlton & Associates, LLC 2012 25 Copyright Carlton & Associates, LLC 2012 26 Copyright Carlton & Associates, LLC 2012 27 Dye Applications-- In Mass Dye Applications Imbibing Process In-Mass Imbibing Dyes are blended throughout the resin before the lenses are cast. activated 0.15mm Not activated Dyes are uniformly = .15mm mixed with the monomer. activated Image source: http://www.essilormanufacturing.in.th/index.php?lay=show&ac=article&Id=501374&Ntype=7
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