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United States Patent 19 11 Patent Number: 5,729,323 Arden Et Al

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United States Patent 19 11 Patent Number: 5,729,323 Arden Et Al USOO5729323AIII United States Patent 19 11 Patent Number: 5,729,323 Arden et al. 45) Date of Patent: Mar. 17, 1998 54 LGBT ABSORBNG AND ANT 558763 2/1975 Switzerland. REFLECTIVE COATING FOR SUNGLASSES 2247691 3/1992 United Kingdom. OTHER PUBLICATIONS 75 Inventors: Amy J. Arden; Michael J. Cumbo, both of Rochester, N.Y. Chemical Abstracts, vol. 110, No. 7, Apr 3, 1989. A. Thelen, Design of Optical Interference Coatings 73 Assignee: Baush & Lomb incorporated, (McGraw-Hill, NY. 1989), pp. 103-107. Rochester, N.Y. H. A. Macleod, "A new approach to the design of metal-di electricthin-film optical coatings". Optica Acta, vol. 24, No. 21 Appl. No.: 283,009 2 (1978), pp. 93-106. P. H. Berning et al., "Induced Transmission in Absorbing 22 Filed: Jul. 29, 1994 Films Applied to Band Pass Filter Design”. J. Opt. Soc. (51) Int. Cl. ... G02C 7/10; G02B 1/10 Amer, vol. 47. No. 3 (1957), pp. 230-239. (52) U.S. Cl. ...................................... 351/163; 359/586 Primary Examiner-Scott J. Sugarman (58) Field of Search ..................................... 351/163, 164, Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Chris P. Konkol; Katherine 351/165; 3591586, 589 McGuire; John E. Thomas 56) References Cited (57) ABSTRACT U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS A sunglass lens having improved anti-reflection and trans mittance comprises a lens-shaped substrate and a coating 4,261,645 4/1981 Sawamura et al. ..................... 359/586 4,802,755 2/1989 Hensler ............ ... 351/163 formed on the concave surface of the lens. The first layer 5,190,896 3/1993 Pucillowski ... 501/64 deposited adjacent to the concave surface of the lens com 5,362.552 11/1994 Austin ..................................... 359,580 prises a titanium suboxide material, the second layer com prises a material having a high refractive index, and the third FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS layer comprises a material having a low refractive index. 0409719 1/1991 European Pat. Off.. 4124937 3/1992 Germany. 12 Claims, 1 Drawing Sheet 2.Y 3 3. Y 1.YY 2 2 2 1. s s Y / ,2 5,729,323 1. 2 LGBT ABSORBNG AND ANT form of a lens. The lens material may be glass or plastic. A REFLECTWE COATING FOR SUNGLASSES first layer 1 is deposited adjacent to the lens 10 on the concave (rear) surface. A second layer 2 is deposited adja BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION cent to the first layer 1, and a third layer 3 is deposited The present invention relates to sunglass lenses having a 5 adjacent to the second layer 2. multilayer coating, with improved transmittance and anti Layer 1 comprises TiO, wherein x is about 0.2 to 1.5. reflection characteristics. Layer 1 partially absorbs light passing therethrough, thereby Sunglass lenses can be classified according to two general reducing transmittance of light, including light in the visible categories, general purpose sunglasses and special purpose region of 400 to 700 nm. Preferably, this layer is selected so sunglasses. O that it reduces transmittance of light therethrough by at least For both categories of sunglasses, it is important that the 10%, more preferably at least 20%. Generally, the thickness lenses provide a desired transmittance of light in the visible of layer 1 will be about 10 to 40 nm. region. Standards for general purpose sunglass lenses indi The imaginary part of the refractive index (k) of layer 1 cate that the lens provides a luminous transmittance between is preferably in the range of about 0.2 to 2.4; this ensures 8% to 40%, and permits recognition of red, green and yellow s adequate absorption. Additionally, the real part of the refrac traffic signal colors so that the lenses are suitable for driving tive index (n) of layer 2 is preferably in the range of about conditions. Special purpose sunglasses are designed to func 1.50 to 2.50, more preferably in the range of about 1.60 to tion in more extreme conditions, and generally have a lower 2.00. (For comparison, a layer formed of TiO has a k value transmittance than general purpose sunglasses. Since the that is near zero at all visible wavelengths, and an n value lenses of this latter class are designed for special purposes, which is in the range of 2.2 to 2.5.) the lenses do not need to pass color recognition tests. Layer 1 may be deposited directly on the lens by methods One type of general purpose sunglass lenses is photochro generally known in the art, such as physical vapor deposition mic lenses, i.e., the transmittance varies with intensity of or chemical vapor deposition. Both oxygen and nitrogen are incident light and ambient temperature. For this type of lens, included in the reaction chamber to obtain a layer formed it is desirable that the lens meets the transmittance standards 25 primarily of TiO, although the process may result in for for general purpose sunglasses under normal use conditions. mation of other materials, such as titanium nitrides. By For sunglass lenses, it is also important that reflection of varying the pressures of the oxygen and nitrogen, the visible light at the concave (or rear) lens surface is suffi composition of the absorption layer can be optimized to obtain a layer having the desired optical properties. ciently low to avoid glare from incident light at the concave 30 surface. Additionally, transmittance of the lens can be controlled by U.S. Pat. No. 4,802.755 (Hensler) describes a dual varying the thickness of layer 1. purpose photochromic lens, i.e., the lens functions as a It is further preferred that the coated lens has a luminous general purpose lens at 20° C. and as a special purpose lens transmittance between 8% to 40% (as determined by the at 0°C. The described lens is illustrative of a sunglass lens 35 American National Standard Institute, Inc., ANSI Z80.3- having very desirable transmittance and anti-reflective char 1986, incorporated herein by reference) and meets these acteristics. More specifically, the lens has a photochromic ANSI requirements for recognition of red, green and yellow glass substrate and a transmittance of approximately 10% at traffic signal colors so that the lenses are suitable for wear 20° C. in bright sunlight, wherein the overall transmittance during driving. of the substrate is reduced by coating both the convex (front) Layer 2 is deposited adjacent to layer 1, and layer 3 is and concave (rear) surfaces with a titanium monoxide mate deposited adjacent to layer 2. Layer 2 comprises a material rial. An anti-reflective magnesium fluoride layer is applied having a high refractive index (n), i.e., a refractive index of to the titanium monoxide layer on the concave surface. about 1.80 to 2.50. Representative materials include Taos, The present invention provides a sunglass lens having TiO, ZrO and Hfo. Layer 3 comprises a material having improved transmittance and anti-reflection characteristics. 45 a low refractive index (n), i.e., a refractive index of about This is accomplished using a multilayer coating that com 1.35 to 1.60. Representative materials include MgF and bines optical absorption and interference effects to reduce SiO. Other materials having the high or low refractive both the transmittance and concave surface reflection of the index are known in the art. Layer 2 and 3 may be deposited lens. by methods known in the art, such as physical vapor deposition or chemical vapor deposition. Generally, the third SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION layer will have its interface with air, as shown in the The invention relates to a sunglass lens comprising: a embodiment of FIG. 1. substrate in the shape of a lens; a first layer deposited The materials and thicknesses of the second and third adjacent to the concave surface of the lens, the first layer layers are selected so that these layers effectively reduce comprisingTiO, whereinx is about 0.2 to 1.5; a second layer 55 reflection at the concave (rear) lens surface. Generally, the deposited adjacent to the first layer comprising a material physical thickness of layer 2 may be about 90 to 180 nm, and having a refractive index of about 1.80 to 2.50; and a third the physical thickness of layer 3 may be about 70 to 120 nm. layer deposited adjacent to the second layer and comprising The transmittance of the lens will be dependent primarily a material having a refractive index of about 1.35 to 1.60. on the thickness and k value of layer 1. Based on these BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS parameters of layer 1, standard computer models can be used to determine optimum film thickness and n values of layers The FIGURE is an enlarged partial sectional view of a 2 and 3 to achieve anti-reflection, as will be evident to one preferred embodiment of the invention. skilled in the art. DETALED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED Glare at the concave (rear) lens surface results from EMBODIMENTS 65 reflection of incident light at the concave surface. For an The FIGURE illustrates an embodiment of the invention. uncoated lens, a portion of incident light at the concave lens The substrate 10 on which the coating is applied has the surface would be reflected from the concave surface of the 5,729,323 3 4 lens towards the wearer's eye, and additionally, a portion of the non-reflected light passing through the lens would be TABLE 3 reflected from the convex surface of the lens toward the Physical wearer's eye. Layer Material Thickness (nm) In the present invention, reflectance at the concave lens 10 glass -- surface is minimized since layers 2 and 3 are chosen to 1.
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