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Advanced EVA Capabilities: a Study for NASA’S Revolutionary Aerospace Systems Concept Program

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Advanced EVA Capabilities: a Study for NASA’S Revolutionary Aerospace Systems Concept Program NASA/TP—2004–212068 Advanced EVA Capabilities: A Study for NASA’s Revolutionary Aerospace Systems Concept Program Stephen J. Hoffman, Ph.D. Science Applications International Corporation Houston, Texas April 2004 The NASA STI Program Office ... in Profile Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated to • CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. the advancement of aeronautics and space Collected papers from scientific and science. The NASA Scientific and Technical technical conferences, symposia, Information (STI) Program Office plays a key seminars, or other meetings sponsored or part in helping NASA maintain this important co-sponsored by NASA. role. • SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific, The NASA STI Program Office is operated by technical, or historical information from Langley Research Center, the lead center for NASA programs, projects, and missions, NASA’s scientific and technical information. The often concerned with subjects having NASA STI Program Office provides access to the substantial public interest. NASA STI Database, the largest collection of aeronautical and space science STI in the world. • TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. English- The Program Office is also NASA’s institutional language translations of foreign scientific mechanism for disseminating the results of its and technical material pertinent to research and development activities. These results NASA’s mission. are published by NASA in the NASA STI Report Series, which includes the following report types: Specialized services that complement the STI Program Office’s diverse offerings include • TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. Reports of creating custom thesauri, building customized completed research or a major significant databases, organizing and publishing research phase of research that present the results of results ... even providing videos. NASA programs and include extensive data or theoretical analysis. Includes For more information about the NASA STI compilations of significant scientific and Program Office, see the following: technical data and information deemed to be of continuing reference value. NASA • Access the NASA STI Program Home counterpart of peer-reviewed formal Page at http://www.sti.nasa.gov professional papers, but having less stringent limitations on manuscript length • E-mail your question via the Internet to and extent of graphic presentations. [email protected] • TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM. • Fax your question to the NASA STI Help Scientific and technical findings that are Desk at (301) 621-0134 preliminary or of specialized interest, e.g., quick release reports, working papers, and • Telephone the NASA STI Help Desk at bibliographies that contain minimal (301) 621-0390 annotation. Does not contain extensive analysis. • Write to: NASA STI Help Desk • CONTRACTOR REPORT. Scientific and NASA Center for AeroSpace Information technical findings by NASA-sponsored 7121 Standard Drive contractors and grantees. Hanover, MD 21076-1320 NASA/TP—2004–212068 Advanced EVA Capabilities: A Study for NASA’s Revolutionary Aerospace Systems Concept Program Stephen J. Hoffman, Ph.D. Science Applications International Corporation Houston, Texas National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Houston, Texas 77058 April 2004 Acknowledgments The editor would like to acknowledge the assistance of those individuals who aided in the preparation of this document. Mr. William Cirillo and Dr. Marianne Rudisill of the Langley Research Center initiated this study under the Revolutionary Aerospace Systems Concepts program and provided guidance throughout its development. Mr. Joe Kosmo and Mr. Richard Fullerton of the Johnson Space Center provided technical direction and assistance in gathering these materials. Mr. Robert Sauls of Frassanito and Associates prepared the animations and many of the illustrations of advanced EVA systems in this report. Ms. Erika Guillory of DynCorp Technical Services and Mr. Donn Sickorez of the Johnson Space Center narrated the animations. Available from: NASA Center for AeroSpace Information National Technical Information Service 7121 Standard Drive 5285 Port Royal Road Hanover, MD 21076-1320 Springfield, VA 22161 301-621-0390 703-605-6000 This report is also available in electronic form at http://techreports.larc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/NTRS FOREWORD “All men dream but not equally. Those who dream by night in the dusty recesses of their minds wake in the day to find that it was vanity; but the dreamers of the day are dangerous men for they may act out their dreams with open eyes, to make it possible.” Thomas Edward Lawrence (1888 – 1935) Seven Pillars of Wisdom Humans have been living and working in space for over 40 years and have been performing extravehicular activities (EVAs) for over 35 years. During this time, EVA crews have spent approximately 900 hours in the microgravity environment and over 160 hours on the lunar surface. This capability has been and remains an important part of working in space. This report, however, is about the future of working in space; the relatively distant future. It describes a vision of that future and the role of EVA in it. This vision attempts to take into account what experience has taught us and what our plans require. But that future is not set. The Revolutionary Aerospace Systems Concepts Program attempts to look beyond the horizon, where extrapolation of current technology is inadequate and predictions are considered by many to be little more than dreaming. This report was prepared in the spirit of the “dreamer of the day”⎯to understand where technology could go and where our mission plans could take us, so we can lay out a roadmap to make this future possible. Stephen J. Hoffman, Ph.D. November 2003 **** iii iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Foreword .....................................................................................................................................iii Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................... v List of Tables .............................................................................................................................vii List of Figures ...........................................................................................................................viii Acronyms and Abbreviations ....................................................................................................xv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................xix 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 The RASC Program ............................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Study Approach ..................................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Report Outline ........................................................................................................................ 4 2. A VISION OF THE FUTURE OF EVA AND EVA SYSTEMS ......................................... 5 2.1 NASA’s Strategic Plan .......................................................................................................... 5 2.2 Future Human Exploration Missions ..................................................................................... 7 2.3 EVA Functional Requirements ............................................................................................ 21 2.4 Summary .............................................................................................................................. 22 3. EVA SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE AND FUNCTIONAL CAPABILTIES ....................23 3.1 EVA System Functional Breakdown Structure ................................................................... 23 3.2 EVA History and Current State of the Art ........................................................................... 25 3.3 Lessons Learned From the Apollo Missions ....................................................................... 28 3.4 Expanded Functional Requirements and Mission Requirements ........................................ 29 3.5 Summary .............................................................................................................................. 31 4. REVOLUTIONARY CONCEPTS ...................................................................................... 33 4.1 Concept Solicitation From the EVA Development Community ......................................... 33 4.2 Other Advanced or Revolutionary Concepts ....................................................................... 35 4.3 Summary .............................................................................................................................. 38 5. EVA TECHNOLOGIES AND DEVELOPMENT ROADMAP ......................................... 39 5.1 Other Roadmaps ................................................................................................................... 39 5.2 RASC Roadmap Recommendations .................................................................................... 42 5.3 Summary .............................................................................................................................. 44 6. SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
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