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El Movimiento De Las Ikastolas : Un Pueblo En Marcha

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El Movimiento De Las Ikastolas : Un Pueblo En Marcha 2008an erregistroen trataeraz egindako argitalpenaren se gidan, Euskaltzaindiaren eta Ikastolen Elkartearen Jagon bilduma Hizkuntzaren erabileran eragina duten gizartearen alde guztiak biltzen ditu JAGON Sailak, ar teko lankidetzaren emaitza berria da oraingo liburu bai eta hiztunek bizi dituzten kultura arauak, itxaropenak eta testuingurua ere. Euskal Herriko Ikastolak hau. Bertan ikastolen historiari buruz behin ere balia - Argitaratutako lanak / Títulos publicados: Euskaltzaindiaren Jagon Saileko JAGON bildumak tu ez den ikuspegitik ikastolen izaera kolektiboa behatu euskararen inguruko hainbat ikerketa eta saiakera hartzen ditu, Euskaltzaindia eta kontatu nahi da, ikastolen eta gizartearen arteko el - 1. Bertsolari txapelketa 1982. 1983 hizkuntzaren erabilera praktikoa aztertu, eta euskara sustatzeko eta babesteko. karrekintzarekin batera. Ikastolen historia sozialaren 2. ZZ.EE./AA.VV. 1960-2010 saioa da, alegia. Luckmanek zioenez: “Ekintzak ez du Iparragirre. 1987 beti historia egiten, baina gizartea ‘egiten’ du; ekin tza, 3. Euskararen sustatzea. izan ere, ekoizpena da, ugalketa eta komunikazioa; Euskaltzaindiaren adierazpenak (1976-2006), 2006 El movimiento de las Ikastolas ekintzak boterea ematen du eta botereari kon - 4. MIQUEL GROS iLLADÓS trajartzen zaio; ezbairik gabe, ekintza da gizakiaren Recuperación del Euskera en Navarra. 2007 izaera sozialaren funtsezko adierazpena”. 5. EUSKALTZAINDIA - JAGON SAILA Sustapen Batzordea Un pueblo en marcha Tras la publicación relativa al tratamiento de los registros, Hizkuntza-zuzenbidea. Testu-bilduma euskaraz. 2007 l modelo Ikastola realizada en 2008, la presente obra constituye un nuevo 6. EUSKAL HERRIKO IKASTOLEN KONFEDERAZIOA/ E El modelo Ikastola 1960-2010 fruto de la cooperación entre Euskaltzaindia y la Con fe - EUSKALTZAINDIA de ración de Ikastolas. El propósito de la misma es anali- Zenbait orientabide erregistroen trataeraz. 2008 zar y exponer, desde una perspectiva inédita en relación a la historia de las ikastolas, el carácter colectivo de las mis- 7. EUSKALTZAINDIA - JAGON SAILA Corpus Batzordea mas, así como el diálogo entre estas y la sociedad. Se trata, en consecuencia, de una aproximación a la historia social Testu-antolatzaileak. Erabilera estrategikoa. 2008 de las ikastolas. Como sostenía Luckman: “la acción no 8. MIQUEL GROS iLLADÓS siempre hace historia, pero ‘hace’ sociedad; en efecto, la El euskera en la Comunidad Autónoma Vasca (2009). 2009 acción es producción, reproducción y comunicación; la 9. ERRAMUN BAXOK ETA JEAN-BAPTISTE COYOS acción proporciona poder y se opone al poder; sin lugar Helduen euskalduntzea eta etorkinak Ipar Euskal Herrian. L’enseignement a dudas, la acción es la expresión esencial del carácter so - du basque aux adultes natifs et non natifs en Pays Basque Nord. Euskaltzaindia en marcha. n pueblo cial del ser humano”. 2010 U 10. EUSKAL HERRIKO IKASTOLAK. EUSKALTZAINDIA Real Academia de la Lengua Vasca Ikastola mugimendua. Dabilen herria. 2010 Académie de la Langue Basque 11. MIKEL ZALBIDE Euskararen legeak hogeita bost urte. Eskola alorreko bilakaera: balioespen-saioa. 2010 12. JÜJE ETXEBARNE Gramatika emendakinak. Zuberoako euskaraz. 2011 13. EUSKAL HERRIKO IKASTOLAK. EUSKALTZAINDIA El movimiento de las Ikastolas. Un pueblo en marcha. El modelo Ikastola 1960-2010, 2011 l movimiento de las Ikastolas. l movimiento E Con la colaboración de: Jagon Saila 13 EUSKALTZAINDIA EUSKAL HERRIKO IKASTOLAK EUSKALTZAINDIA EL MOVIMIENTO DE LAS IKASTOLAS UN PUEBLO EN MARCHA El modelo IKASTOLA 1960-2010 AUTOR PRINCIPAL: Iban Iza (EREITEN) UNIFICACIÓN Y ADECUACIÓN DEL TEXTO: Euskal Herriko Ikastolak TRADUCCIÓN AL CASTELLANO: Jorge Giménez Bech (Alberdania) Agradecimiento especial a EREITEN y a los colaboradores de la cooperativa europea EUSKAL HERRIKO IKASTOLAK por sus anotaciones y opiniones EUSKAL HERRIKO IKASTOLAK EUSKALTZAINDIA EL MOVIMIENTO DE LAS IKASTOLAS UN PUEBLO EN MARCHA El modelo Ikastola 1960-2010 Jagon Saila EUSKALTZAINDIA BILBO / BILBAO 2011 Argitalpen honen fitxa katalografikoa eskuragarri duzu Euskaltzain diaren Azkue Biblio - tekako katalogoan: www.euskaltzaindia.net/azkue La ficha catalográfica correspondiente a esta publicación está disponible en el catálogo de la biblioteca de la Real Academia de la Lengua Vasca: www.euskaltzaindia.net/azkue Les données bibliographiques correspondant à cette publication sont dispo nibles sur le site de la Bibliothèque Azkue de l’Académie de la langue basque: www.euskaltzaindia.net/azkue A catalog record for this publication is available from the Azkue Biblioteka, Royal Academy of the Basque Language: www.euskaltzaindia.net/azkue Todos los Derechos reservados. Queda totalmente prohibida la reproducción total o parcial de este libro, así como su incorporación a cualquier sistema informático u otro tipo de almacenamiento o recuperación de información y su transmisión en cualquier forma o por cualquier medio, sea éste electrónico, mecánico, por fotocopia, por grabación u otros medios, sin el permiso previo y por escrito del editor o del titular del copyright. © Miquel Gros i Lladós, 2009 © EUSKAL HERRIKO IKASTOLAK EKE © EUSKALTZAINDIA / R.A.L.V. / A.L.B. Diseño: Ikeder, S.L. Maquetación: Txema Garzia Urbina Imprenta: Baster, S.L.L. 1ª edición ISBN: 978-84- 95438-77-5 D.L.: BI-2554-2011 EUSKAL HERRIKO IKASTOLAK EUSKALTZAINDIA EL MOVIMIENTO DE LAS IKASTOLAS UN PUEBLO EN MARCHA El modelo IKASTOLA 1960-2010 ÍNDICE PRÓLOGO Andrés Iñigo (Director de la Sección Tutelar de Euskaltzaindia) . 14 INTRODUCCIÓN Koldo Tellitu (Presidente de Ikastolen Elkartea) . 16 1. ANTECEDENTES . 19 1.1. LAS PRIMERAS TENTATIVAS, EN EL SIGLO XIX Y EN LOS INCIOS DEL SIGLO XX . 19 1.1.1. Resurreccion Maria Azkue y Miguel Muñoa . 20 1.1.2. Asamblea de Eusko Ikaskuntza–Sociedad de Estudios Vascos . 20 1.1.3. Euzko Ikastola Batza [Unión de Ikastolas Vascas] . 21 1.2. RESURGIMIENTO DE LAS IKASTOLAS A MEDIADOS DEL SIGLO XX . 22 1.2.1. Premios para niños euskaldunes en Navarra . 23 1.2.2. Las revistas Umeen Deia y Kili-Kili . 23 1.2.3. Creación de la asociación IKAS en Bayona . 24 1.2.4. Elbira Zipitria y las casas-escuela . 25 2. NACIMIENTOS DE LAS IKASTOLAS (1959/60-1969) . 31 2.1. CONTEXTO DEL NACIMIENTO DE LAS IKASTOLAS . 31 2.2. RAZONES DE LA CREACIÓN DE LAS IKASTOLAS . 36 2.3. FACTORES QUE INTERVINIERON EN LA CREACIÓN DE LAS IKASTOLAS . 37 2.4. EL PROCESO DE CREACIÓN DE LAS IKASTOLAS . 40 2.4.1. Las primeras ikastolas territorio a territorio . 40 2.4.2. Las ikastolas en Euskal Herria Norte . 42 2.4.3. Las ikastolas en los ambientes rural e industrial de Araba y Navarra . 46 El movimiento de las Ikastolas. Un pueblo en marcha 10 2.5. CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LAS IKASTOLAS . 46 2.5.1. El fenómeno urbano . 46 2.5.2. Surgida en el regazo del nacionalismo . 47 2.5.3. Una escuela creada desde el pueblo y para el pueblo . 48 2.5.4. Una escuela de participación social . 49 2.5.5. Escuela infantil . 49 2.5.6. Sin discriminación de sexo . 50 2.5.7. Pedagogía innovadora . 50 2.5.8. Escuela en euskera . 50 2.5.9. Currículo propio . 51 2.6. ANTE LOS PROBLEMAS, COOPERACIÓN . 52 2.6.1. Carencias económicas y de infraestructura . 53 2.6.2. Escasez de profesorado . 53 2.6.3. Una permanente labor de búsqueda . 55 2.6.4. La Cartilla de Escolaridad . 57 2.6.5. La Comisión de Ikastolas . 59 3. DE LA INDIVIDUALIDAD A LA UNIÓN (1969-1978) . 63 3.1. CONTEXTO . 63 3.2. CREACIÓN DE LA FEDERACIÓN DE GIPUZKOA . 64 3.3. EL CONFLICTO IDEOLÓGICO EN LAS IKASTOLAS . 66 3.3.1. ¿De quién son las ikastolas? . 68 3.3.2. En las ikastolas, ¿religión sí o no? . 68 3.3.3. En las ikastolas, ¿euskera unificado o dialectos? . 69 3.3.4. Las ikastolas, ¿apolíticas? . 70 3.3.5. Las ikastolas, ¿burguesas? . 71 3.3.6. Consecuencias del conflicto ideológico . 71 3.3.7. Razones del conflicto . 74 3.4. LA LEY DE EDUCACIÓN DE 1970 Y LAS LEGALIZACIONES . 74 3.4.1. Contenidos de la ley . 75 3.4.2. Incidencia de la ley en las ikastolas . 75 3.4.3. El Departamento de Ikastolas de Euskadiko Kutxa . 76 3.4.4. La cooperativa, fórmula jurídica de las ikastolas . 79 3.5. EL “BOOM” DEL CRECIMIENTO . 81 3.5.1. Creación de las otras federaciones: Bizkaia, Navarra y Araba . 81 3.5.2. Las ikastolas en el entorno agrícola-industrial de Araba y Navarra . 84 3.5.3. Apertura de las ikastolas de Enseñanza Primaria en Euskal Herria Norte . 88 Índice 11 3.6. FIESTAS A FAVOR DE LAS IKASTOLAS . 91 3.7. PRIMEROS PASOS EN LA ELABORACIÓN DE MATERIAL DIDÁCTICO 95 3.7.1. Primeras tentativas: Gordailu y traducciones . 95 3.7.2. La línea de trabajo de la Federación de Ikastolas de Gipuzkoa (GIE) y la “Biblioteca de la Ikastola” en Bizkaia . 97 3.7.3. Saioka, primer ensayo eficaz . 98 4. DESARROLLO DEL MODELO IKASTOLA (1978-1987) . 105 4.1. AYUDAS Y PRIMEROS PASOS HACIA LA NORMALIZACIÓN . 105 4.1.1. Contexto . 105 4.1.2. En Vitoria y en Madrid, “hasta la cocina” . 109 4.1.3. Reglamento para la Titularidad Oficial de las Ikastolas 112 4.1.4. Esterilidad de la relación con la Diputación Foral de Navarra . 117 4.1.5. Euskal Herria Norte: de la huelga de hambre al acuerdo 120 4.2. EIKE, UN PROYECTO QUE LEVANTA POLVAREDA AUN ANTES DE SU ENTRADA EN VIGOR . 125 4.2.1. Contexto . 125 4.2.2. El proyecto de ley EIKE . 128 4.2.3. Líneas del debate . 131 4.2.4. Resultado . 137 4.2.5. Creación de EIB . 140 4.3. EL PROCESO INTERNO DE REFLEXIÓN EN EL MOVIMIENTO DE LAS IKASTOLAS . 141 4.3.1. Contexto . 141 4.3.2. El proceso, paso a paso . 142 4.3.3. Resultado del proceso . 145 4.4. ELABORACIÓN DEL PROYECTO EDUCATIVO DE LA IKASTOLA 150 4.4.1. Contexto . 150 4.4.2. El proyecto Oinarri . 151 4.4.3. El proyecto Haurtxoa . 153 4.4.4. El bertsolarismo en la enseñanza . 159 4.4.5. La producción videográfica .
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