Chapter IV Asia and the Pacic

e United Nations, in 2011, continued its e€orts to February 2011, the Council extended the mandate address political and security challenges in Asia and the of the United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor- Pacic in order to restore peace and stability and to pro- Leste (†‡ˆ‚!) for one year and requested †‡ˆ‚! to mote economic and social development in the region. support preparations for the elections. On 27 March, In Afghanistan, the phased transition of security re- the Polícia Nacional de Timor-Leste resumed re- sponsibility from the International Security Assistance sponsibility for all police operations in the country. Force (‚ƒ„ ), a multinational force led by the North e Security Council Committee established to Atlantic Treaty Organization, to the Afghan National oversee the implementation of sanctions measures Security Forces began in July. e Security Council against the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea welcomed the start of the process to transfer respon- continued its work. In June, the Council extended sibility to the Afghan Government country-wide by the mandate of the Panel of Experts, which carried the end of 2014 and extended its authorization of ‚ƒ„ out certain tasks under the Committee’s direction, until October 2012. e United Nations Assistance until 12 June 2012. Mission in Afghanistan (†‡„ˆ„) continued to foster e United Nations continued to address Iran’s political dialogue, coordinate international humanita- nuclear programme and the sanctions imposed by rian and development activities, and assist the Govern- the Council in that regard. e International Atomic ment in institution-building. In March, the Council Energy Agency (‚„$„) reported that Iran had not im- extended the mandate of †‡„ˆ„ by another year. plemented the Additional Protocol to Iran’s Safeguards While the assassination of former Afghan President Agreement or the relevant resolutions of the Council Burhanuddin Rabbani on 20 September 2011 had and the ‚„$„ Board of Governors, nor had it permitted adverse political and security implications, progress the Agency to conrm that all nuclear material in Iran was achieved later in the year at the Instanbul Confer- was being used in peaceful activities. In June, the Coun- ence for Afghanistan held in November and the Bonn cil extended for another year the mandate of the Panel of Conference in December. In other developments, the Experts established to assist the Sanctions Committee. Council separated the Al-Qaida and Taliban sanctions e mandate of the United Nations Mission in regime to strengthen the e€ectiveness of targeted sanc- Nepal (†‡ˆ‚‡) ended on 15 January. In a 14 Janu- tions against Al-Qaida and its a‰liates. ary presidential statement, the Council rea‰rmed its Iraq continued to make progress in consolidating support for the peace process and called on the Nepa- its young democracy, strengthening the rule of law, lese caretaker Government and all political parties to developing its institutions and addressing economic continue to full the commitments they had made in and social challenges. e Secretary-General’s Spe- the 2006 Comprehensive Peace Agreement. cial Representative for Iraq and Head of the United During the year, the Council expressed concern Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (†‡„ˆ‚) contin- about the deteriorating security and humanitarian ued to engage political gures and parties in order situation in Yemen and welcomed the mediation ef- to advance negotiations on outstanding issues related forts of the Secretary-General, through his Special to the Government formation process and to facili- Adviser, and of the Gulf Cooperation Council (%&&). tate political dialogue on Iraq’s disputed territories. On 21 October, the Council adopted a resolution e Council extended the †‡„ˆ‚ mandate until July demanding all sides to reject the use of violence to 2012. At the end of the year, although tensions had achieve political goals, and calling for all parties to risen between the main political blocs in the coun- sign and implement the %&& initiative for an inclusive, try, the withdrawal of United States military forces orderly and Yemeni-led process of political transition. from the country marked another milestone in Iraq’s progress. On 27 December, all major political blocs consented to the convening of a national conference. Afghanistan e overall situation in Timor-Leste remained gen- erally calm, with further progress towards the consoli- dation of peace, stability and development. Political In 2011, the international community continued to parties intensied their activities in preparation for assist the Government of Afghanistan to lay the foun- the 2012 presidential and parliamentary elections. In dations for peace and stability and the restoration of 310 Chapter IV: Asia and the Pacic 311 economic and social development through the United the focus of attacks, including abductions and as- Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (†‡„ˆ„), sassinations. e Afghan National Security Forces under the direction of the Special Representative of and international military forces intensied their op- the Secretary-General and Head of Mission, and the erations. Pro-Government forces reportedly in+icted International Security Assistance Force (‚ƒ„ ), led losses on mid-level commanders of networks of anti- by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (‡„!*). Government elements. As a result of the increased The Secretary-General submitted four pro- tempo of security operations in northern and western gress reports to the General Assembly and the provinces, an increasing number of anti-Government Security Council, in March [A/65/783-S/2011/120] , elements were seeking to join local reintegration pro- June [A/65/873-S/2011/381] , September [A/66/369- grammes. As a reaction, insurgents were increasingly S/2011/590] and December [A/66/604-S/2011/772] , attacking those who chose to reconcile and reintegrate on the situation in Afghanistan and on †‡„ˆ„ with the Government. activities as well as a later report including infor- On implementation of the Kabul process, which mation relating to 2011 [A/66/728-S/2012/133] . e was developed at the 2010 International Confer- Secretary-General also submitted to the Council a ence on Afghanistan (Kabul Conference) [YUN 2010, February report [S/2011/55] on children and armed p. 347] , six national priority programmes were elabo- con+ict in Afghanistan. rated and consultations were initiated with donors. e ‡„!* Secretary-General, through the UN Two priority programmes (on public nancial man- Secretary-General, reported to the Council on ‚ƒ„ agement and economic reform and on the Afghan activities [S/2011/124, S/2011/364, S/2011/562, S/2011/760, Peace and Reintegration Programme) were endorsed S/2012/150] . e Council, by resolution 1974(2011) of and their implementation had begun. 22 March, extended the mandate of †‡„ˆ„ until International development partners expressed 23 March 2012. By resolution 2011(2011) of 12 Octo- concern at the continued absence of an Interna- ber, it extended the authorization of ‚ƒ„ until 13 Oc- tional Monetary Fund (‚ˆ ) country programme, tober 2012. the establishment of which was dependent on agree- Sta€an de Mistura (Sweden) completed his assign- ment between the Government and ‚ˆ on how to ment as the Special Representative of the Secretary- deal with the Kabul Bank, which had been declared General for Afghanistan on 31 December. In Novem- bankrupt. e Secretary-General stated that, with- ber, the Council took note of the Secretary-General’s out an ‚ˆ programme, it would be di‰cult for in- intention to appoint Ján Kubriš (Slovakia) to replace ternational partners to meet the Kabul Conference Mr. de Mistura. commitment to direct funds through the Govern- ment’s budget. Political and security developments e Secretary-General said that two immedi- ate challenges had to be overcome in the transition Report of Secretary-General (March). In his process that would lead to Afghan institutions tak- March report on the situation in Afghanistan [A/65/783- ing over full responsibility from ‡„!* for security S/2011/120] , the Secretary-General said that the inau- across the country: tension between the executive, guration of the National Assembly by President Ha- legislative and judiciary branches over the status of mid Karzai took place on 26 January after a series parliament; and the impasse over the Kabul Bank. of meetings between the President, elected members He warned that if the tension over the status of par- of parliament and unsuccessful candidates, during liament continued, or led to an entrenched political which the UN Special Representative extended his crisis, it would be detrimental to the credibility, ef- good o‰ces. e inauguration ceremony brought to- fectiveness and inclusiveness that was necessary for gether the newly elected Lower House (Wolesi Jirga) the Government to lead the transition process. He and Upper House (Meshrano Jirga) in a joint session. acknowledged that +aws in the election process had On 27 January, the new Meshrano Jirga Speaker was created a parliament where the Pashtun population named and the leadership of the Wolesi Jirga was in some areas was underrepresented compared to the elected on 27 February. On 19 February, President previous parliament; the problem needed to be ad- Karzai presented the list of 34 presidential appointees dressed, but the manner in which it was addressed to the Meshrano Jirga. would have consequences for the transition process e security situation continued to deteriorate, with and the future stability of Afghanistan. He said his 1,664 incidents in January, compared to a monthly Special Representative had been working closely with average of 1,620 in 2010 and 960 in 2009. Armed all parties to nd an appropriate solution, while un- clashes and the use of improvised explosive devices derscoring that any solution should not be achieved constituted the majority of incidents. e southern at the expense of the electoral institutions, the con- city of Kandahar and its surrounding areas remained stitutional separation of powers, the condence of 312 Part One: Political and security questions the international community, or indeed that of the On 25 February [S/2011/110] , the Russian Fed- Afghan people. eration and the United Kingdom transmitted to the e delay in resolving the issue of the Kabul Bank Security Council a 15 February joint press state- had implications for the prospect of international ment by the Secretary of State for Foreign and Com- partners aligning assistance with Afghanistan’s na- monwealth A€airs of the United Kingdom and the tional priority programmes; it had weakened con- Minister for Foreign A€airs of the Russian Federa- dence in the country’s nancial system and prevented tion on Afghanistan, in which the Ministers stressed an agreement on a new ‚ˆ country programme. He that they would work together through the ‡„!*- rea‰rmed the three key principles of the UN ap- Russian Council to support the Afghan Govern- proach to the Kabul process and transition: the tran- ment throughout the transition process. sition had to be Afghan-owned, be planned and im- plemented in a sustainable manner, and ensure the SECURITY COUNCIL ACTION protection and promotion of the rights of all Afghans. On 22 March [meeting 6500] , the Security Council e United Nations was committed to continuing to unanimously adopted resolution 1974(2011) . e support the Kabul process, through a constructive, draft [S/2011/147] was submitted by Germany. comprehensive, transparent, practically focused and e Security Council , complementary partnership with all stakeholders. Recalling its previous resolutions on Afghanistan, in par- e Secretary-General recommended that the †‡„ˆ„ ticular resolution 1917(2010) of 22 March 2010, in which it mandate be renewed for an additional 12 months. extended until 23 March 2011 the mandate of the United Security Council consideration (March). On Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan as established 17 March [S/PV.6497] , the Security Council discussed by resolution 1662(2006) of 23 March 2006, and recalling the situation in Afghanistan. e Special Representa- also the report of the Security Council mission to Afghani- tive and Head of †‡„ˆ„ stated that the primary focus stan from 21 to 24 June 2010, Rea!rming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, in the near future would be on the planned transi- independence, territorial integrity and national unity of tion to Afghan forces of responsibility for security; he Afghanistan, conrmed that the United Nations would continue Stressing the importance of a comprehensive approach to to support the country after the transition. Afghani- address the situation in Afghanistan, and recognizing that stan introduced its Government’s 4 March request there is no purely military solution to ensure the stability [S/2011/118] for the renewal of the †‡„ˆ„ mandate and of Afghanistan, for a comprehensive review of the mandate. Council Rea!rming its continued support for the Government members expressed concern about the security situ- and people of Afghanistan as they rebuild their country, strengthen the foundations of sustainable peace and ation, particularly with regard to the protection of constitutional democracy and assume their rightful place civilians, underlined the importance of a transition in the community of nations, to full Afghan responsibility and ownership, and Welcoming the results of the Kabul International Confer- reiterated the support of the international community ence on Afghanistan, held on 20 July 2010, which consti- in ensuring the success of that process. tuted a milestone in the Kabul Process towards accelerated On 22 March, the Council adopted resolution Afghan leadership and ownership, strengthened interna- 1974(2011) (see below), by which it extended the tional partnership and regional cooperation, improved Af- ghan governance, enhanced capabilities of Afghan security †‡„ˆ„ mandate until 23 March 2012 and requested forces, economic growth and better protection for the rights the Secretary-General to conduct a comprehensive of all Afghan citizens, including women, and welcoming review of †‡„ˆ„ activities and of UN support in Af- specically the commitments made by the Government of ghanistan by the end of 2011. Afghanistan, including the development of a framework, Communications. In a 28 January letter [A/65/726- timelines and benchmarks for the new national priority programmes, progress towards transition to an Afghan S/2011/68] , Afghanistan and the Russian Federa- security lead, improvement of governance and tackling of tion transmitted to the Secretary-General the Joint corruption, Declaration by the Russian and Afghan Presi- Rea!rming the commitments made at the London dents following the Russian-Afghan summit talks Conference on Afghanistan, held on 28 January 2010, (Moscow, 20–21 January). e Presidents stressed the which set a clear agenda and agreed priorities for the way importance of developing mutually benecial eco- ahead on Afghanistan, underpinned by a comprehensive nomic cooperation between the two countries. strategy to be taken forward by the Government of Afghan- istan with the support of the region and the international On 17 February [A/65/763-S/2011/100] , Belarus, as community and with a central and impartial coordinating chair of the Collective Security Treaty Organization role for the United Nations, (&ƒ!*), transmitted to the Secretary-General the state- Looking forward to the international conference on ment by the Heads of States members of &ƒ!* on the Afghanistan to be held in Bonn, Germany, in December 2011, threat of narcotic drugs emanating from Afghanistan. under the leadership of the Government of Afghanistan, Chapter IV: Asia and the Pacic 313

Rea!rming in this context its support for the implemen- opment in Afghanistan, noting international and regional tation, under the ownership of the Afghan people, of the initiatives, such as the Istanbul “Heart of Asia” summit, the commitments set out in the London and Kabul Conference quadrilateral summit of Afghanistan, Pakistan, Tajikistan communiqués, of the Afghanistan National Development and the Russian Federation, as well as initiatives by the Strategy and of the National Drug Control Strategy, recog- Shanghai Cooperation Organization, and looking forward nizing the threat posed by illicit drug production, trade and to the Fifth Regional Economic Cooperation Conference tra‰cking to international peace and stability in di€erent on Afghanistan, to be held in Tajikistan in the fall of 2011, regions of the world and the important role played by the Welcoming the e€orts of countries that are increasing United Nations O‰ce on Drugs and Crime in this regard, their civilian and humanitarian e€orts to assist the Govern- and noting that sustained and coordinated e€orts by all rele- ment and the people of Afghanistan, and encouraging the vant actors are required to consolidate progress made towards international community to further enhance its contribu- their implementation and to overcome continuing challenges, tions in a coordinated manner with the Afghan authorities Stressing the central and impartial role that the United and the Mission, Nations continues to play in promoting peace and stability Welcoming also the agreement, reached at the North in Afghanistan by leading the e€orts of the international Atlantic Treaty Organization summit, held in Lisbon on 19 community, including, jointly with the Government of Af- and 20 November 2010, between the Government of Af- ghanistan, the coordination and monitoring of e€orts in ghanistan and countries contributing to the International implementing the Kabul Process through the Joint Coor- Security Assistance Force to gradually transfer lead security dination and Monitoring Board in support of the priorities responsibility in Afghanistan to the Afghan National Se- set up by the Government, and expressing its appreciation curity Forces country-wide by the end of 2014, taking note and strong support for the ongoing e€orts of the Secretary- of the declaration by the North Atlantic Treaty Organiza- General, his Special Representative for Afghanistan and, tion and the Government of Afghanistan on an enduring in particular, the women and men of the Mission who partnership, signed at Lisbon on 20 November 2010, ac- are serving in di‰cult conditions to help the people of knowledging the joint e€orts under the Inteqal (transition) Afghanistan, process, welcoming the progress made so far in preparing Recalling the conclusions of the Consultative Peace the transition of a rst tranche of provinces and municipal Jirga, and welcoming the establishment of the High Peace areas, and looking forward to the continued implementa- Council and its outreach e€orts both within and outside tion of the transition process, Afghanistan, Recognizing once again the interconnected nature of the Recognizing the courage and dedication of millions of challenges in Afghanistan, rea‰rming that sustainable women and men who exercised their right to vote, in the progress on security, governance, human rights, the rule face of serious security threats, in the 2010 legislative elec- of law and development, as well as the cross-cutting issues tions, recognizing also the Afghan leadership in the elec- of anti-corruption, counter-narcotics and transparency, is tions, including the work of the Independent Electoral mutually reinforcing, and welcoming the continuing e€orts Commission and the Electoral Complaints Commission, of the Government of Afghanistan and the international welcoming the inauguration of a new Wolesi Jirga, recalling community to address these challenges through a compre- the Government of Afghanistan’s commitments at the Ka- hensive approach, bul Conference to long-term electoral reform, and stressing Stressing the importance of a comprehensive approach the need for completing electoral reforms in order to en- in addressing the challenges in Afghanistan to a successful sure that future elections will be transparent, credible and transition to Afghan security leadership beginning in early democratic, and rea‰rming that Afghanistan’s peaceful 2011, recognizing that security gains must be supported by future lies in the building of a stable, secure, economically progress in Afghan governance and development capacity, self-su‰cient State, free of terrorism and narcotics and noting in this context the synergies in the objectives of the based on strengthened democratic institutions, respect for Mission and of the International Security Assistance Force the separation of powers, reinforced constitutional checks as also noted in resolution 1943(2010) of 13 October 2010, and balances and the guarantee and enforcement of citi- and stressing the need for strengthened cooperation, co- zens’ rights and obligations, ordination and mutual support, taking due account of their Welcoming the contribution of the International Con- respective designated responsibilities, tact Group on Afghanistan to the United Nations e€orts Reiterating the need for all United Nations agencies, in coordinating and broadening international support for funds and programmes, through the country team mecha- Afghanistan, in particular the outcome of the last meeting nism and a “One United Nations” approach and under the of the International Contact Group, hosted by the Organi- guidance of the Special Representative of the Secretary- zation of the Islamic Conference in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, General for Afghanistan, to increase e€orts to achieve on 3 March 2011, which demonstrated the increasing greater coherence, coordination, e‰ciency and full align- support of regional and other countries for peace, stability ment with the national priority programmes identied by and development in Afghanistan, the Government of Afghanistan, Stressing the crucial importance of advancing regional Stressing the need to further improve the reach, quality cooperation as an e€ective means to promote security, sta- and quantity of humanitarian aid, ensuring e‰cient, ef- bility and economic and social development in Afghani- fective and timely coordination and delivery of humanita- stan, recalling the importance of the Kabul Declaration rian assistance, including through enhanced coordination on Good-neighbourly Relations of 22 December 2002, among the United Nations agencies, funds and programmes welcoming in this regard the continued commitment of under the authority of the Special Representative and be- the international community to support stability and devel- tween the United Nations and other donors, especially 314 Part One: Political and security questions where it is most needed, emphasizing in this regard the need the Board, notably by complying fully with the provi- for all, within the framework of humanitarian assistance, sions of article 12 of the United Nations Convention of upholding and respecting the humanitarian principles against Illicit Tra‰c in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic of humanity, neutrality, impartiality and independence, Substances, of 1988, Reiterating its concern about the security situation in Af- Recalling its resolutions 1265(1999) of 17 September ghanistan, in particular the ongoing violent and terrorist 1999, 1296(2000) of 19 April 2000, 1674(2006), activities by the Taliban, Al-Qaida, other violent extremist 1738(2006) and 1894(2009) on the protection of civilians groups, illegal armed groups, criminals and those involved in armed con+ict, its resolutions 1325(2000) of 31 Oc- in the production of or tra‰cking or trade in illicit drugs, tober 2000, 1820(2008) of 19 June 2008, 1888(2009) of and the strong links between terrorism activities and illicit 30 September 2009, 1889(2009) of 5 October 2009 and drugs, resulting in threats to the local population, includ- 1960(2010) of 16 December 2010 on women and peace and ing children, national security forces and international security and its resolutions 1612(2005) of 26 July 2005 and military and civilian personnel, 1882(2009) of 4 August 2009 on children and armed con- Recognizing the continuously alarming threats posed by +ict, and taking note of the report of the Secretary-General the Taliban, Al-Qaida, other violent extremist groups and on children and armed con+ict in Afghanistan, illegal armed groups as well as the challenges related to 1. Welcomes the report of the Secretary-General of the e€orts to address such threats, and expressing its seri- 9 March 2011; ous concern over the harmful consequences of violent and 2. Expresses its appreciation for the United Nations terrorist activities by the Taliban, Al-Qaida, other violent long-term commitment to work with the Government and extremist groups and illegal armed groups on the capacity people of Afghanistan, and reiterates its full support for of the Government of Afghanistan to guarantee the rule the work of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Af- of law, to provide security and basic services to the Afghan ghanistan and the Special Representative of the Secretary- people and to ensure the improvement and protection of General for Afghanistan; their human rights and fundamental freedoms, 3. Decides to extend until 23 March 2012 the mandate Recalling its resolutions 1674(2006) of 28 April 2006, of the Mission, as dened in its resolutions 1662(2006), 1738(2006) of 23 December 2006 and 1894(2009) of 1746(2007) of 23 March 2007, 1806(2008) of 20 March 11 November 2009 on the protection of civilians in armed 2008, 1868(2009) and 1917(2010) and in paragraphs 4 con+ict, expressing its serious concern about the increased to 6 below; high number of civilian casualties in Afghanistan, in par- ticular casualties among women and children, the large 4. Calls upon the United Nations, with the support of majority of which are caused by the Taliban, Al-Qaida, the international community, to support the Government other violent extremist groups and illegal armed groups, of Afghanistan’s national priority programmes covering the rea‰rming that all parties to armed con+ict must take issues of security, governance, justice and economic and all feasible steps to ensure the protection of a€ected civil- social development and to support the full implementation ians, calling for all parties to comply with their obligations of mutual commitments made on these issues at the Kabul under international humanitarian and human rights law and London Conferences, as well as on continuing imple- and for all appropriate measures to be taken to ensure the mentation of the National Drug Control Strategy, and re- protection of civilians, and recognizing the importance of quests that the Mission assist the Government on its way to- the ongoing monitoring of and reporting to the Security wards Afghan leadership, as dened by the Kabul Process; Council, including by the International Security Assistance 5. Decides that the Mission and the Special Represent- Force, on the situation of civilians and, in particular, civil- ative, within their mandate and guided by the principle of ian casualties, taking note of the progress made by Afghan reinforcing Afghan sovereignty, ownership and leadership, and international forces in minimizing civilian casualties, shall continue to lead the international civilian e€orts, Expressing its concern about the serious threat that anti- in accordance with the London and Kabul Conference personnel mines, remnants of war and improvised explosive communiqués, and with a particular focus on the priori- devices pose to the civilian population, and stressing the ties laid down below: need to refrain from the use of weapons and devices pro- (a) Promote, as co-chair of the Joint Coordination hibited by international law, and Monitoring Board, more coherent support by the in- Supporting the Government of Afghanistan’s continued ternational community to the development and governance ban of ammonium nitrate fertilizer, and urging prompt priorities of the Government of Afghanistan, including action to implement regulations for the control of all ex- through support for the ongoing development of the new plosive materials and precursor chemicals, thereby reduc- national priority programmes, mobilization of resources, ing the ability of insurgents to use them for improvised coordination of international donors and organizations, explosive devices, and direction of the contributions of United Nations agen- Recalling the declaration addressed to the Interna- cies, funds and programmes, in particular for counter- tional Narcotics Control Board by the Government of narcotics, reconstruction and development activities; at the Afghanistan that there is no legal use for acetic anhydride same time, support e€orts to increase the proportion of in Afghanistan for the time being and that producing development aid delivered through the Government, and and exporting countries should abstain from authorizing support e€orts to increase the transparency and e€ective- the export of this substance to Afghanistan without a ness of the Government’s use of such resources; request from the Government of Afghanistan, and en- (b) Strengthen cooperation with the International Se- couraging, pursuant to resolution 1817(2008) of 11 June curity Assistance Force and the Senior Civilian Representa- 2008, Member States to increase their cooperation with tive of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization at all levels Chapter IV: Asia and the Pacic 315 and throughout the country in support of the transition those regarding the full enjoyment by women of their to Afghan leadership agreed to at the Kabul and London human rights; Conferences and the Lisbon summit, in a sustainable man- (e) Coordinate and facilitate the delivery of humanita- ner to ensure the protection and promotion of the rights of rian assistance, in support of the Government of Afghani- all Afghans, in accordance with their existing mandates, in stan and in accordance with humanitarian principles, with order to improve civil-military coordination, to facilitate a view to building the capacity of the Government so it the timely exchange of information and to ensure coher- can assume the central and coordinating role in the future, ence between the activities of national and international including by providing effective support to national security forces and of civilian actors in support of an Af- and local authorities in assisting and protecting internally ghan-led development and stabilization process, including displaced persons and to creating conditions conducive through engagement with provincial reconstruction teams to the voluntary, safe, dignied and sustainable return of and engagement with non-governmental organizations, in refugees and internally displaced persons; particular through participation in the Joint Afghan-North 7. Calls upon all Afghan and international parties to Atlantic Treaty Organization Inteqal Board as an observer; coordinate with the Mission in the implementation of its (c) Provide outreach as well as good o‰ces to sup- mandate and in e€orts to promote the security and freedom port, if requested by the Government of Afghanistan, the of movement of United Nations and associated personnel Afghan-led process of peace and reconciliation, includ- throughout the country; ing through the implementation of the Afghan Peace and 8. Reiterates the need to ensure the security of United Reintegration Programme and proposing and support- Nations sta€ and its support for the measures already taken ing condence-building measures within the framework by the Secretary-General in this regard; of the Afghan Constitution and with full respect for the 9. Stresses the importance of a strong presence of implementation of measures and application of the proce- the Mission and United Nations agencies, funds and dures introduced by the Security Council in its resolutions programmes in the provinces, encourages the Secretary- 1267(1999) of 15 October 1999, 1822(2008) of 30 June General to continue his current e€orts to take the measures 2008 and 1904(2009) of 17 December 2009 as well as necessary to address the security issues associated with their other relevant resolutions of the Council; presence, and strongly supports the authority of the Special (d) Support, at the request of the Afghan authori- Representative in the coordination of all activities of United ties, the organization of future Afghan elections, as well as Nations agencies, funds and programmes in Afghanistan; supporting work on the sustainability and integrity of the 10. Underscores the importance of a sustainable demo- electoral process, as agreed at the London and Kabul Con- cratic development in Afghanistan, with all Afghan institu- ferences, and provide capacity-building and technical as- tions acting within their clearly dened areas of competence, sistance to the Afghan institutions involved in this process; in accordance with the relevant laws and the Afghan Con- 6. Rea!rms that the Mission and the Special Repre- stitution, welcomes in this regard the commitment of the sentative shall continue to lead international civilian e€orts Government of Afghanistan to work closely with the United in the following priority areas: Nations to build on the lessons learned from the 2009 and (a) Support regional cooperation to work towards 2010 elections to deliver further improvements to the elec- a stable and prosperous Afghanistan, building on the toral process, including addressing the sustainability of the achievements made; electoral process, and, taking into account the commitments (b) rough a strengthened Mission presence, pro- made at the London and Kabul Conferences, rea‰rms the mote, in support of the e€orts of the Government of leading role of the Mission in supporting, at the request of Afghanistan, the implementation of the Kabul Process the Government, the realization of these commitments, throughout the country, including through enhanced and requests that, upon the request of the Government, the cooperation with the United Nations O‰ce on Drugs Mission provide technical assistance to the relevant Afghan and Crime, and facilitate inclusion in and understanding institutions to support constructive electoral reforms; and of the policies of the Government; further calls upon members of the international community (c) Support the e€orts of the Government of Afghani- to provide assistance, as appropriate; stan to improve governance and the rule of law, including 11. Welcomes the renewed e€orts of the Government of transitional justice, budget execution and the ght against Afghanistan, including through the national Consultative corruption, throughout the country in accordance with Peace Jirga, held from 2 to 4 June 2010, the establishment the Kabul Process, with a view to helping to bring the of the High Peace Council and the implementation of the benets of peace and the delivery of services in a timely and Afghan Peace and Reintegration Programme, to promote sustainable manner; dialogue with those elements in opposition to the Govern- (d) Continue, with the support of the O‰ce of the ment who are ready to renounce violence, break ties with United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Al-Qaida and other terrorist organizations, denounce to cooperate with the Afghan Independent Human Rights terrorism and accept the Afghan Constitution, particularly Commission, to cooperate also with the Government of as it relates to gender and human rights issues, and encour- Afghanistan and relevant international and local non- ages the Government of Afghanistan to make use of the governmental organizations to monitor the situation of good o‰ces of the Mission to support this process, as ap- civilians, to coordinate e€orts to ensure their protection, propriate, in full respect of the implementation of measures to promote accountability and to assist in the full imple- and procedures introduced by the Security Council in reso- mentation of the fundamental freedoms and human rights lutions 1267(1999), 1822(2008) and 1904(2009) as well as provisions of the Afghan Constitution and international other relevant resolutions of the Council, also welcomes treaties to which Afghanistan is a State party, in particular the measures taken by the Government, encourages it to 316 Part One: Political and security questions continue to increase the participation of women, minorities and those involved in the production of or tra‰cking or and civil society in outreach and consultation processes, trade in illicit drugs; and recalls that women can play a vital role in the peace 17. Condemns in the strongest terms all attacks, includ- process, as recognized in Council resolution 1325(2000) ing improvised explosive device attacks, suicide attacks, as- and related resolutions; sassinations and abductions, targeting civilians and Afghan 12. Stresses the role of the Mission in supporting the and international forces and their deleterious e€ect on the process of peace and reconciliation, including the Afghan stabilization, reconstruction and development e€orts in Peace and Reintegration Programme, as mandated in the Afghanistan, and condemns further the use by the Taliban present resolution, and encourages the international com- and other extremist groups of civilians as human shields; munity to assist the e€orts of the Government of Afghani- 18. Condemns attacks against humanitarian workers, stan in this regard, including through continued support emphasizing that the attacks impede e€orts to aid the peo- to the Peace and Reintegration Trust Fund, and in this ple of Afghanistan, and underlines the need for all parties context notes the conference on reintegration to be hosted to ensure safe and unhindered access of all humanitarian by the Government of Afghanistan in Kabul in the spring actors, including United Nations sta€ and associated per- of 2011; sonnel, and to comply fully with applicable international 13. Welcomes ongoing e€orts by the Government of humanitarian law; Afghanistan, its neighbouring and regional partners and 19. Welcomes the achievements to date in the imple- international organizations, including the Organization mentation of the Mine Action Programme for Afghanistan, of the Islamic Conference, to foster trust and cooperation and encourages the Government of Afghanistan, with the with each other, as well as recent cooperation initiatives support of the United Nations and all the relevant actors, developed by the countries concerned and regional organi- to continue its e€orts towards the removal of anti-personnel zations, including the Fifth Trilateral Summit of Afghani- landmines, anti-tank landmines and explosive remnants of stan, Pakistan and Turkey, held in Istanbul, Turkey, on war in order to reduce the threats posed to human life and 24 December 2010, and the results of the latest Istanbul peace and security in the country; and expresses the need to Conference, of 3 November 2010, notes the proposed Af- provide assistance for the care, rehabilitation and economic ghanistan regional conference to be organized by Turkey, and social reintegration of victims, including persons with and looks forward to the Fifth Regional Economic Coop- disabilities; eration Conference on Afghanistan, to be held in Tajikistan 20. Recognizes the progress made by the International in the fall of 2011, further welcomes the rea‰rmation in Security Assistance Force and other international forces in the Kabul Conference communiqué of the principles set minimizing the risk of civilian casualties, as described in out in the Kabul Declaration on Good-neighbourly Rela- the report of the Mission of 9 March 2011 on the protec- tions of 22 December 2002, and stresses the importance of tion of civilians in armed con+ict, and calls upon them to continue to make robust e€orts in this regard, notably by increasing cooperation between Afghanistan and its part- the continuous review of tactics and procedures and the ners against the Taliban, Al-Qaida, other violent extrem- conduct of after-action reviews and investigations in coop- ist groups and illegal armed groups, in promoting peace eration with the Government of Afghanistan in cases where and prosperity in Afghanistan and in fostering cooperation civilian casualties have occurred and when the Government in the economic and development sectors as a means to nds these joint investigations appropriate; achieve the full integration of Afghanistan into regional 21. Emphasizes the importance of ensuring access for dynamics and the global economy; relevant organizations, as applicable, to all prisons and 14. the central role played by the Joint Coor- Rea!rms places of detention in Afghanistan, and calls for full respect dination and Monitoring Board in coordinating, facilitat- for relevant international law, including humanitarian law ing and monitoring the implementation of the Afghanistan and human rights law; National Development Strategy and the national priority 22. Expresses its strong concern about the recruitment programmes, and calls upon all relevant actors to enhance and use of children by Taliban forces in Afghanistan as their cooperation with the Board in this regard with a view well as the killing and maiming of children as a result of to further improving its e‰ciency; the con+ict, reiterates its strong condemnation of the re- 15. Calls upon international donors and organizations cruitment and use of child soldiers in violation of appli- and the Government of Afghanistan to adhere to their cable international law and all other violations and abuses commitments made at the Kabul Conference and previous committed against children in situations of armed con- international conferences, and reiterates the importance of +ict, in particular attacks against schools and education further e€orts in improving aid coordination and e€ective- and health-care facilities, and the use of children in suicide ness, including by ensuring transparency, combating cor- attacks, calls for those responsible to be brought to jus- ruption and enhancing the capacity of the Government tice, stresses the importance of implementing resolutions to coordinate aid; 1612(2005) and 1882(2009) in this context, and requests 16. Calls upon the Government of Afghanistan, with the Secretary-General to continue to strengthen the child the assistance of the international community, including protection component of the Mission, in particular through the International Security Assistance Force and the Op- the appointment of child protection advisers; eration Enduring Freedom coalition, in accordance with 23. Welcomes the recent signing of a comprehensive, their respective designated responsibilities as they evolve, time-bound and veriable action plan by the Government to continue to address the threat to the security and stabil- of Afghanistan and the United Nations to halt the use and ity of Afghanistan posed by the Taliban, Al-Qaida, other recruitment of children into the Afghan National Security violent extremist groups, illegal armed groups, criminals Forces; Chapter IV: Asia and the Pacic 317

24. Reiterates the importance of increasing, within a Ministerial Conference on Drug Tra‰cking Routes from comprehensive framework, the functionality, profession- Afghanistan, to be held in 2011 within the framework of alism and accountability of the Afghan security sector the Paris Pact initiative and its “Paris-Moscow” process, through appropriate vetting procedures, training, mentor- and in this regard calls for full implementation of Council ing, equipping and empowerment e€orts, for both women resolution 1817(2008); and men, in order to accelerate progress towards the goal 30. Calls for the continuation of the Paris Pact ini- of self-su‰cient and ethnically balanced Afghan security tiative in countering the production, tra‰cking and con- forces providing security and ensuring the rule of law sumption of opium and heroin from Afghanistan and the throughout the country; elimination of poppy crops and drug laboratories and stores 25. Welcomes , in this context, the continued progress as well as the interception of drug convoys, underlines the in the development of the Afghan National Army and its importance of border management cooperation, and wel- improved ability to plan and undertake operations, and en- comes the intensied cooperation of the relevant United courages sustained training e€orts, including through the Nations institutions with the Organization for Security and contribution of trainers, resources and operational mentor- Cooperation in Europe and the Collective Security Treaty ing and liaison teams through the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in this regard; Organization Training Mission–Afghanistan, and advice 31. Reiterates the importance of the full, sequenced, in developing a sustainable defence planning process as timely and coordinated implementation of the National well as assistance in defence reform initiatives; Priority Programme on Law and Justice for All, by all the 26. Takes note of the ongoing e€orts of the Afghan relevant Afghan institutions and other actors, in view of authorities to enhance the capabilities of the Afghan Na- accelerating the establishment of a fair and transparent tional Police, calls for further e€orts towards that goal, and justice system, eliminating impunity and contributing to stresses the importance, in this context, of international the a‰rmation of the rule of law throughout the country; assistance through nancial support and the provision of 32. Stresses , in this context, the importance of further trainers and mentors, including the contribution of the progress in the reconstruction and reform of the prison North Atlantic Treaty Organization Training Mission– sector in Afghanistan, in order to improve respect for the Afghanistan, the European Gendarmerie Force contribu- rule of law and human rights therein; tion to this mission and the European Union through the 33. Notes with strong concern the e€ects of widespread European Union Police Mission in Afghanistan; corruption on security, good governance, counter-narcotics 27. Welcomes the progress in the implementation by e€orts and economic development, and urges the Govern- the Government of Afghanistan of the programme of dis- ment of Afghanistan, with the assistance of the interna- bandment of illegal armed groups and its integration with tional community, to vigorously lead the ght against the Afghan Peace and Reintegration Programme, and calls corruption and to enhance its e€orts to establish a more for accelerated and harmonized e€orts for further progress, e€ective, accountable and transparent administration; with support from the international community; 34. Encourages all Afghan institutions, including the 28. Takes note of the recent progress in addressing, executive and legislative branches, to work in a spirit of and the drop in, opium production, remains concerned cooperation, calls upon the Government of Afghanistan at the serious harm that opium cultivation, production to pursue continued legislative and public administration and tra‰cking and consumption continue to cause to the reform in order to ensure good governance, with full repre- security, development and governance of Afghanistan as sentation of all Afghan women and men, and accountabil- well as to the region and internationally, calls upon the ity at both the national and the subnational levels, and Government of Afghanistan, with the assistance of the in- stresses the need for further international e€orts to provide ternational community, to accelerate the implementation technical assistance in this area; of the National Drug Control Strategy, including through 35. Calls for full respect for human rights and fun- alternative livelihood programmes, and to mainstream damental freedoms and international humanitarian law counter-narcotics throughout national programmes, and throughout Afghanistan, welcomes the growth in Afghan encourages additional international support for the four free media, but notes with concern the continued restric- priorities identied in the Strategy; and commends the sup- tions on freedom of the media and attacks against journal- port provided by the United Nations O‰ce on Drugs and ists, commends the Afghan Independent Human Rights Crime to the Triangular Initiative and the Central Asian Commission for its courageous e€orts to monitor respect Regional Information and Coordination Centre within for human rights in Afghanistan as well as to foster and the framework of the Paris Pact initiative and the Rainbow protect those rights and to promote the emergence of a Strategy, as well as the contribution of the Domodedovo pluralistic civil society, and stresses the importance of full Police Academy of the Russian Federation; cooperation with the Commission by all relevant actors; 29. Calls upon States to strengthen international and and supports broad engagement across government agen- regional cooperation to counter the threat to the interna- cies and civil society for the realization of the mutual com- tional community posed by the production, tra‰cking and mitments made, including the commitment to provide consumption of illicit drugs originating in Afghanistan, in su‰cient government nancing for the Commission; accordance with the principle of common and shared re- 36. Recognizes that, despite progress achieved on gender sponsibility in addressing the drug problem of Afghanistan, equality, enhanced e€orts are necessary to secure the rights including by strengthening the law enforcement capacity of women and girls, strongly condemns continuing forms and cooperation against the tra‰cking in illicit drugs and of discrimination and violence against women and girls, in precursor chemicals and money-laundering and corrup- particular violence aimed at preventing girls from attending tion linked to such tra‰cking, notes the proposed ird school, and stresses the importance of implementing reso- 318 Part One: Political and security questions lutions 1325(2000), 1820(2008), 1888(2009), 1889(2009) Attack against UN centre. On 1 April, a demon- and 1960(2010) and of ensuring that women +eeing domes- stration against the burning of the Koran in the United tic violence are able to nd safe and secure refuge; States turned violent and protestors ransacked the 37. Welcomes the commitment by the Government of †‡„ˆ„ compound in Mazar-e-Sharif. ree †‡„ˆ„ Afghanistan to strengthen the participation of women in international sta€ and four international guards were all Afghan governance institutions, including elected and appointed bodies and the civil service, supports e€orts to killed. e Secretary-General’s Chef de Cabinet and accelerate implementation of the National Action Plan for the Under-Secretary-General for Safety and Security the Women of Afghanistan, to integrate its benchmarks travelled to Afghanistan to meet with sta€ members into the national priority programmes and to develop a and to discuss the incident with Afghan authorities. strategy to implement the Law on the Elimination of Vio- e Security Council condemned the attack and lence Against Women, including services to victims, recalls called on the Government of Afghanistan to bring that the promotion and protection of women’s rights are those responsible to justice and take all possible steps an integral part of peace, reintegration and reconciliation, to protect UN personnel and premises [SC/10216] . and requests the Secretary-General to continue to include in his reports to the Security Council relevant information Report of Secretary-General (June). In a June on the process of integration of women into the political, report [A/65/873-S/2011/381] , the Secretary-General economic and social life of Afghanistan; said that the period covered by his report overlapped 38. Also welcomes the cooperation of the Government with the beginning of the implementation of the tran- of Afghanistan and the Mission with the Security Council sition towards greater Afghan leadership and owner- Committee established pursuant to resolution 1267(1999) ship, which was taking place amidst lingering inter- in the implementation of resolution 1904(2009), including nal and external tensions and against the backdrop by providing relevant information for updating the Con- of intensied military operations and the resumption solidated List and by identifying individuals and entities of erce seasonal anti-Government attacks; the civil- participating in the nancing or support of acts or activi- ties of Al-Qaida and the Taliban using proceeds derived ian population was bearing the brunt of the unrest. from illicit cultivation and production of and tra‰cking Against that background, †‡„ˆ„ continued to align in narcotic drugs and their precursors, and encourages the its strategic priorities with its renewed mandate, in continuation of such cooperation; line with the needs and aspirations of the Afghan peo- 39. Calls for the strengthening of the process of ple, and in support of Government-led initiatives. Po- regional economic cooperation, including measures to fa- litical con+ict within the newly elected Lower House cilitate regional trade, to increase foreign investments and of the National Assembly (Wolesi Jirga) continued. to develop infrastructure, noting Afghanistan’s historical A recount of ballots was completed on 27 April, but role as a land bridge in Asia; the results had not been disclosed. e National As- 40. Recognizes the importance of the voluntary, safe, sembly completed the selection of the administrative orderly return and sustainable reintegration of the remain- ing Afghan refugees for the stability of the country and the boards of both the Lower House and Upper House region, and calls for continued and enhanced international (Meshrano Jirga), which were broadly representative assistance in this regard; regionally and ethnically, although lacking female 41. A!rms the importance of the voluntary, safe, participation. E€orts to strengthen political outreach orderly return and sustainable reintegration of internally activities continued. e High Peace Council, which displaced persons; was mandated in 2010 by President Karzai to promote 42. Requests that the Secretary-General report to the peace and national unity [YUN 2010, p. 356] and was Council every three months on developments in Afghani- accompanied and supported logistically by †‡„ˆ„, stan and include in his reports an evaluation of progress visited the provinces of Badghis, Helmand, Kanda- made against the benchmarks for measuring and tracking progress in the implementation of the mandate of the har, Khost and Uruzgan to discuss reconciliation and Mission and priorities as set out in the present resolution; reintegration with provincial authorities, elders, rec- 43. Also requests that the Secretary-General conduct a oncilees and other stakeholders. In consultation with comprehensive review of the mandated activities of the Mis- the High Peace Council, the Special Representative sion and the United Nations support in Afghanistan, includ- and †‡„ˆ„ engaged provincial council representa- ing the Mission presence throughout the country, in con- tives, religious and community leaders, civil soci- sultation with the Government of Afghanistan and relevant ety, youth, women’s groups and emerging political international stakeholders, by the end of 2011, with the aim groups to discuss peace and reconciliation and ways of strengthening national ownership and leadership consist- to engage opposition groups and begin an inclusive ent with the Kabul Process, taking into account the evolving dialogue with all segments of the Afghan popula- nature of the presence of the international community and the role of the International Security Assistance Force, and tion. Meanwhile, the †‡„ˆ„ Salaam Support Group including rst experiences with the Transition (Inteqal), with continued to promote condence-building measures a view to informing the review by the Council of the mandate through advocacy on access to basic services, includ- of the Mission in March 2012; and calls upon all actors con- ing compliance with international humanitarian law cerned to cooperate with the Mission in this process; by all parties to the con+ict. Progress was reported on 44. Decides to remain actively seized of the matter. the reintegration of insurgents. In March and April, Chapter IV: Asia and the Pacic 319 two reintegration events involving Taliban mem- Security Council consideration (July). On 6 July bers occurred in Kandahar, representing a signi- [S/PV.6574] , the Council focused on the transi- cant development in a region that had seen limited tion towards Afghan security responsibility, which, progress. According to the United Nations Develop- according to the Special Representative of the ment Programme, by the end of May, the number Secretary-General and Head of †‡„ˆ„, was on track. of individuals who joined the Afghanistan Peace and U‡„ˆ„, on the basis of its mandate, was prepared Reintregation Programme reached 1,809 throughout to facilitate the social, economic and human rights 17 provinces. aspects of the transition. Afghanistan said that the Security for the United Nations in Afghanistan transition was a carefully formulated strategy for a had become increasingly challenging; the number of gradual transfer of security responsibilities to Afghan security incidents was 51 per cent higher than in the authorities and a drawdown of international forces. same period in 2010. Following the 1 April †‡„ˆ„ Report of Secretary-General (September). In a compound attack, additional measures were taken September report [A/66/369-S/2011/590] , the Secretary- to accelerate the process of reinforcement of †‡„ˆ„ General said that, since the inauguration of the Na- o‰ces and residences. e Afghan National Security tional Assembly in January, †‡„ˆ„ had urged the dif- Forces and ‚ƒ„ intensied and diversied their opera- ferent branches of Government to work together for a tions and continued to clear areas of insurgents, who solution to the post-electoral deadlock. On 23 June, a were conducting asymmetric attacks against Afghan Special Court created by the Supreme Court ordered security o‰cials, particularly high-prole police com- 62 changes to the composition of the 249-member manders. ousands of demonstrators in several loca- Wolesi Jirga. On 10 August, President Karzai issued tions protested ‚ƒ„ activities, including night searches a decree instructing the Independent Electoral Com- and alleged harassment and detention of religious g- mission to nalize the matter without delay. e ures, and expressed general frustration with the inter- Commission re-examined the 62 cases highlighted national community in Afghanistan. e level of civil by the Special Court and, on 21 August, announced unrest marked a departure from the previous sporadic nine changes to the membership of the Wolesi Jirga. demonstrations against the international civil and On 3 September, eight of the nine individuals were military presence and raised serious concern. sworn in, and the ninth candidate was sworn in on 10 September. e process of transition towards Afghan secu- rity responsibility, as approved and formally initi- e reporting period witnessed considerable po- ated at the ‡„!* Summit (Lisbon, Portugal, 19–20 litical volatility and disconcerting levels of insecurity for the Afghan people amid a process of transition November 2010) [YUN 2010, p. 356] , moved forward to Afghan leadership and responsibility for security. with the 22 March announcement by President Kar- As at the end of August, the average monthly num- zai of the rst areas identied for transition starting ber of incidents for 2011 was 2,108, up 39 per cent in July. Iƒ„ undertook a two-stage planning process compared with the same period in 2010. Insurgents for transition in coordination with the Afghan Transi- continued to launch complex suicide attacks in urban tion Coordination Commission. As an observer of the centres, including attacks on the InterContinental process, †‡„ˆ„ engaged with Government and ‚ƒ„ Hotel in Kabul on 28 June, on the British Council in interlocutors with a view to avoiding parallel processes Kabul on 19 August and in the vicinity of the United that might be counterproductive for the development States Embassy in Kabul on 13 September. e focus of Afghan institutions and mitigating any detrimental of suicide attacks was no longer southern Afghani- shift of resources to transition areas away from non- stan; the central region accounted for 21 per cent of transition areas. e Mission continued to facilitate such attacks. Targeted assassinations of high-ranking dialogue among development partners, and between Government o‰cials, members of the security forces those partners and ‚ƒ„ , to ensure that development and in+uential local political and religious leaders perspectives were taken into account in transition continued; there were 54 such incidents in July and design and planning. 72 in August, which killed 89 and 93 individuals, re- e Secretary-General observed that the Security spectively. On 17 July, the formal process of transition Council’s decision (resolution 1989(2011)) (see p. 341) of responsibility for security to the Afghan National to separate the Al-Qaida and Taliban sanctions regime Security Forces started in Bamyan, Kabul (except established by resolution 1267(1999) [YUN 1999, p. 265] , in Sarobi district), Panjsher, the municipalities and was a positive development in support of Afghan-led rec- corresponding districts of Herat, Mazar-e-Sharif, onciliation e€orts. He urged the Government and the Mehtarlam and Lashkar Gah. ose areas continued international community to continue to give due con- to face a resilient insurgency that was attempting to sideration to the tools o€ered by the sanctions regime. challenge the capacity of Afghan forces to maintain Further condence-building measures by all sides could security. e Secretary-General observed that, for the help lay the foundations for a political process. transition to be successful, it was important that the 320 Part One: Political and security questions

Afghan National Security Forces continued to dem- Recalling the long-term commitment of the interna- onstrate enhanced independent capability and pro- tional community to Afghanistan, including the mutual fessionalism to assume an increasing level of respon- commitments made at the London and Kabul Conferences, sibility and accountability. e formal agreement to held on 28 January and 20 July 2010, respectively, look- ing forward to the upcoming comprehensive review by the increase the size of the Forces was a positive develop- Secretary-General, in consultation with the Government ment. U‡„ˆ„ continued to monitor and provide ad- of Afghanistan and relevant international stakeholders, of vice both to the Government and ‚ƒ„ on community- the mandated activities of the United Nations Assistance based security initiatives, including the Police-e- Mission in Afghanistan and of United Nations support in Mahali (Afghan Local Police), given the possible fall- Afghanistan, with the aim of strengthening national own- out linked to issues of impunity, command and con- ership and leadership consistent with the Kabul process, trol, vetting and the risk of ethnically or politically and taking into account the evolving nature of the presence biased militias re-emerging. of the international community, Looking forward to the International Afghanistan Con- Assassination of former Afghan President. On ference on Afghanistan and the International Community: 21 September [SC/10391] , the Security Council con- From Transition to the Transformation Decade, to be held demned the 20 September terrorist attack that had in Bonn, Germany, on 5 December 2011, chaired by the caused the death of Burhanuddin Rabbani, Chair of Government of Afghanistan, at which civil aspects of tran- the Afghan High Peace Council and former President sition, the long-term commitment of the international com- of Afghanistan. munity in Afghanistan within the region and the support Security Council consideration (September). of the political process will be further dened, Supporting increased regional e€orts towards the con- During the 29 September Council debate [S/PV.6625] , tinued implementation of previous declarations of good- the Special Representative of the Secretary-General neighbourly relations, welcoming the Conference on Secu- called for more e€orts to protect civilians. e Min- rity and Cooperation in the Heart of Asia, held in Istanbul, ister for Foreign A€airs of Afghanistan, Zalmai Ras- Turkey, on 2 November 2011, at which Afghanistan and soul, stressed that the reconciliation process would its regional partners, with the support of the international continue despite the loss of the Afghan High Peace community, a‰rmed their commitment to promoting Council Chair, adding that regional and international regional security and cooperation through condence- support was needed if the process was to succeed. building measures, and looking forward to the rst follow- up to the Istanbul Conference for Afghanistan, scheduled Council members expressed support for †‡„ˆ„ and to convene at the ministerial level in Kabul in June 2012, underlined the importance of continuing the reconcili- Noting regional initiatives, such as those being imple- ation process, as well as the successful transition to full mented within the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Afghan responsibility and ownership. Organization, the Collective Security Treaty Organization, the European Union, the Organization for Security and GENERAL ASSEMBLY ACTION Cooperation in Europe, the South Asian Association for On 21 November [meeting 62] , the General Assembly Regional Cooperation, the Economic Cooperation Organi- adopted resolution 66/13 [draft: A/66/L.10 & Add.1] zation and other relevant initiatives aimed at increased re- gional economic cooperation with Afghanistan, such as the without vote [agenda item 38] . Regional Economic Cooperation Conference on Afghani- stan and the Central Asian Regional Economic Coopera- !e situation in Afghanistan tion Programme, and noting also the ministerial meeting to enhance trade connectivity along historical trade routes, e General Assembly , held in New York on 22 September 2011, Recalling its resolution 65/8 of 4 November 2010 and all Underlining the signicance of the agreement reached its previous relevant resolutions, between the Government of Afghanistan and countries Recalling also all relevant Security Council resolutions contributing to the International Security Assistance Force, and statements by the President of the Council on the situ- at the North Atlantic Treaty Organization summit, held in ation in Afghanistan, in particular resolutions 1974(2011) Lisbon on 19 and 20 November 2010, to gradually transfer of 22 March 2011 and 2011(2011) of 12 October 2011, lead security responsibility in Afghanistan to the Govern- Rea!rming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, ment of Afghanistan country-wide by the end of 2014, independence, territorial integrity and national unity of welcoming the ongoing implementation of the transition, Afghanistan, and respecting its multicultural, multi-ethnic looking forward to its phased extension to the rest of the and historical heritage, country, underlining the continuing role of the Assistance Recognizing once again the interconnected nature of the Force in support of the Government of Afghanistan and challenges in Afghanistan, rea‰rming that sustainable pro- in promoting a responsible transition and the importance gress on security, governance, human rights, the rule of law of the enhancement of the operational capabilities of the and development, as well as on the cross-cutting theme of Afghan National Security Forces, stressing the long-term counter-narcotics, is mutually reinforcing, and welcoming commitment, beyond 2014, of the international commu- the continuing e€orts of the Government of Afghanistan nity to support the further development, including train- and the international community to address these chal- ing, and professionalization of the Afghan National Secu- lenges in a coherent manner, rity Forces and their capacity to counter continued threats Chapter IV: Asia and the Pacic 321 to Afghanistan’s security, with a view to establishing lasting tions support in Afghanistan, as mandated by the Council peace, security and stability, and noting that these issues in resolution 1974(2011); will be discussed at the North Atlantic Treaty Organization 2. Welcomes the reports of the Secretary-General and summit in Chicago, United States of America, in 2012, the recommendations contained therein; Reiterating the urgent need to tackle the challenges in 3. Pledges its continued support to the Government and Afghanistan, in particular the ongoing violent criminal people of Afghanistan, as they rebuild a stable, secure, eco- and terrorist activities by the Taliban, Al-Qaida and other nomically self-su‰cient State, free of terrorism and nar- violent and extremist groups and criminals, including cotics, and strengthen the foundations of a constitutional those involved in the narcotics trade, and the development democracy, as a responsible member of the international of Government of Afghanistan institutions, including at community; the subnational level, the strengthening of the rule of law 4. Appreciates the renewed commitment by the Gov- and democratic processes, the ght against corruption, the ernment of Afghanistan to the Afghan people and the re- acceleration of justice sector reform, the promotion of na- newed commitment by the international community to tional reconciliation, without prejudice to the fullment of Afghanistan expressed in the communiqués of the London the measures introduced by the Security Council in its reso- and Kabul Conferences, reiterates in this regard its appre- lutions 1267(1999) of 15 October 1999 and 1988(2011) and ciation for the Afghanistan National Development Strat- 1989(2011) of 17 June 2011 and other relevant resolutions, egy, underlines the need for continued development and an Afghan-led transitional justice process, the safe and vol- implementation, including costing plans, of the national untary return of Afghan refugees and internally displaced priority programmes, and looks forward to the presentation persons in an orderly and dignied manner, the promotion of the remaining national priority programmes; and protection of human rights and the advancement of 5. Welcomes further e€orts by the Government of economic and social development, Afghanistan to achieve the Millennium Development Deeply concerned about the continued high level of vio- Goals, and acknowledges, to that e€ect, the important lence in Afghanistan, condemning in the strongest terms all work being done through the interministerial coordination violent attacks, and recognizing in that regard the continu- mechanism and its role in prioritizing and implementing ously alarming threats posed by the Taliban, Al-Qaida and the National Development Strategy and the national prior- other violent and extremist groups, as well as the challenges ity programmes; related to the e€orts to address such threats, 6. Encourages all partners to support constructively Expressing its serious concern about the high number of the Kabul process, building upon a deep and broad inter- civilian casualties, recalling that the Taliban, Al-Qaida national partnership towards further increased Afghan re- and other violent and extremist groups are responsible for sponsibility and ownership in security, governance and de- the signicant majority of the civilian casualties in Af- velopment, aiming at a secure, prosperous and democratic ghanistan, and calling for compliance with international Afghanistan, focusing on strengthening the constitutional humanitarian and human rights law and for all appropriate checks and balances that guarantee citizen rights and obli- measures to be taken to ensure the protection of civilians, gations, and implementing structural reform to enable an Recognizing further progress made by the Assistance Force, accountable and e€ective Government to deliver concrete authorized by the Security Council, and other international progress to its people; forces in ensuring the protection of the civilian population 7. Supports the continuing and growing ownership of and in minimizing civilian casualties, and calling upon them reconstruction and development e€orts by the Government to continue to make enhanced e€orts in this regard, notably of Afghanistan, and emphasizes the crucial need to achieve through the continuous review of tactics and procedures and ownership and accountability in all elds of governance the conduct of after-action reviews and investigations in co- and to improve institutional capabilities, including at the operation with the Government of Afghanistan in cases where subnational level, in order to use aid more e€ectively; civilian casualties have occurred and when the Government nds these joint investigations appropriate, Security and transition Noting the importance of the national Government 8. Reiterates once again its serious concern about the being inclusive and representative of the ethnic diversity of security situation in Afghanistan, stresses the need to con- the country and ensuring also the full and equal participa- tinue to address the threat to the security and stability of tion of women, Afghanistan caused by the ongoing violent and terrorist 1. Emphasizes the central and impartial role of the activity by the Taliban, Al-Qaida and other violent and United Nations in promoting peace and stability in Af- extremist groups and criminals, including those involved ghanistan, expresses its appreciation and strong support for in the narcotics trade, and reiterates in this regard its call all e€orts of the Secretary-General and his Special Rep- for the full implementation of measures and application resentative in this regard, expresses its appreciation also of procedures introduced in relevant Security Council reso- for the work of the United Nations Assistance Mission in lutions, in particular resolutions 1267(1999), 1988(2011) Afghanistan in accordance with Security Council resolu- and 1989(2011); tion 1974(2011), stresses the leading role of the Assistance 9. Condemns in the strongest terms all acts of violence Mission in Afghanistan in seeking to further improve the and intimidation and attacks, including improvised explo- coherence and coordination of international civilian e€orts, sive device attacks, suicide attacks, assassinations, including guided by the principle of reinforcing Afghan ownership of public gures, abductions, the indiscriminate targeting and leadership, and in this regard looks forward to the of civilians, attacks against humanitarian workers and the results of the upcoming comprehensive review of the man- targeting of Afghan and international forces, and their dated activities of the Assistance Mission and of United Na- deleterious e€ect on the stabilization, reconstruction and 322 Part One: Political and security questions development e€orts in Afghanistan, and condemns further 16. Also welcomes , in this regard, the presence of the the use, by the Taliban, Al-Qaida and other violent and Assistance Force and the Operation Enduring Freedom co- extremist groups, of civilians as human shields; alition, expresses its appreciation for the support they have 10. Stresses the need for the Government of Afghani- provided to the Afghan National Army, as well as for the as- stan and the international community to continue to work sistance provided to the Afghan National Police by interna- closely together in countering these acts, which are threat- tional partners, in particular by the North Atlantic Treaty ening peace and stability in Afghanistan and the demo- Organization through its training mission in Afghanistan cratic process, the achievements and continued implemen- and by the European Gendarmerie Force contribution to that tation of the Afghanistan reconstruction and development mission, acknowledges the continued deployment of the Eu- process as well as humanitarian aid measures, and calls ropean Union Police Mission in Afghanistan as well as other upon all Member States to deny those groups any form of bilateral training programmes, and, in light of the transition sanctuary or nancial, material and political support; process, encourages further coordination where appropriate; 11. Expresses deep regret at the resulting loss of life and 17. Further welcomes the commitment of the Government physical harm in+icted upon Afghan civilians and civil- of Afghanistan, with a view to ensuring stability and provid- ians of other nationalities, including the personnel of Af- ing conditions for the e€ective rule of law, to continue the ghan and international agencies and all other humanitarian implementation of the Afghan National Police Strategy and workers and the diplomatic corps, the Assistance Mission, the National Police Plan underpinning it, to build a strong, as well as upon the personnel of the Afghan National professional police force, with a focus on the ongoing institu- Security Forces, the International Security Assistance Force tional and administrative reforms of the Ministry of the Inte- and the Operation Enduring Freedom coalition, and pays rior, including the implementation of its anti-corruption action homage to all those who have lost their lives; plan, and leadership development, as well as to progressively 12. Stresses the importance of the provision of su‰- enhance the quality and increase the strength of the Afghan cient security, calls upon the Government of Afghanistan, National Police, with the necessary continued nancial and with the assistance of the international community, to con- technical support by the international community; tinue to address the threat to the security and stability of 18. Calls upon Member States to continue contributing Afghanistan, and commends the Afghan National Security personnel, equipment and other resources to the Assistance Forces and their international partners for their e€orts in Force and to adequately support the evolution of the pro- this regard; vincial reconstruction teams in close coordination with the 13. Notes that the responsibility for providing security Government of Afghanistan and the Assistance Mission; and law and order throughout the country resides with the 19. Notes , in the context of the comprehensive ap- Government of Afghanistan, supported by the international proach and the ongoing transition process, the continued community, and underlines the importance of further extend- importance of the synergies in the objectives of the Assis- ing central government authority, including the strengthen- tance Mission and the Assistance Force, and emphasizes, in ing of the presence of Afghan security forces, to all provinces particular, the continued need to maintain, strengthen and of Afghanistan, consistent with the goal of transition; review civil-military relations among international actors, 14. Expresses its support for the objective of the Govern- as appropriate, at all levels in order to ensure complemen- ment of Afghanistan, as endorsed by the Joint Coordination tarity of action based on the di€erent mandates and com- and Monitoring Board, to ensure that the Afghan National parative advantages of the humanitarian, development, law Security Forces have the necessary strength and operational enforcement and military actors present in Afghanistan; capability to take over the lead security responsibility from 20. Urges the Afghan authorities, with the support of the Assistance Force in all provinces by the end of 2014, the international community, to take all possible steps to and calls upon the international community to provide the ensure the safety, security and free movement of all United support necessary to increase security, as well as to provide Nations, development and humanitarian personnel and continued support by training, equipping and contributing their full, safe and unhindered access to all a€ected popu- to the nancing of the Afghan National Security Forces to lations, and to protect the property of the United Nations take on the task of securing their country; and of development or humanitarian organizations, and 15. Welcomes the start of the transition process for lead notes the efforts made in regulating private security security responsibility in July 2011, as agreed upon by the contractors operating in Afghanistan; Government of Afghanistan and the countries taking part 21. Also urges the Afghan authorities to make every in the Assistance Force, commends the continuing progress e€ort, in accordance with General Assembly resolution that has been made in this regard, looks forward to the 60/123 of 15 December 2005 on the safety and security of further stages in the transition, also welcomes the commit- humanitarian personnel and protection of United Nations ment of Afghanistan’s international partners to support the personnel, to bring to justice the perpetrators of attacks; Government in creating the conditions necessary to allow 22. Stresses the importance of advancing the full im- for transition and to continue to support the transition pro- plementation of the programme of disbandment of illegal cess to enable it to advance to the point at which the Af- armed groups throughout the country, under Afghan own- ghan National Security Forces are fully capable of meeting ership, while ensuring coordination and coherence with the security needs of the country, including public order, other relevant e€orts, including security sector reform, law enforcement, the security of Afghanistan’s borders and community development, counter-narcotics, district-level preservation of the constitutional rights of Afghan citizens, development and Afghan-led initiatives to ensure that and calls upon Member States to continue to support the entities and individuals do not illegally participate in the transition process with the necessary continued nancial political process, in particular in future elections, in accor- and technical support; dance with adopted laws and regulations in Afghanistan; Chapter IV: Asia and the Pacic 323

23. Expresses its appreciation for the progress achieved evant information extending to the Afghan authorities the by the Government of Afghanistan in the programme of assistance they may need and all relevant information they disbandment of illegal armed groups and its integration into may possess pertaining to this terrorist attack, stresses the the Afghan Peace and Reintegration Programme, welcomes need for calm and solidarity in Afghanistan at this time the continued commitment of the Government to work ac- and for all parties to reduce tensions, and expresses its rm tively at the national, provincial and local levels to advance commitment to support the Government of Afghanistan this commitment, stresses the importance of all e€orts to in its e€orts to advance the peace and reconciliation pro- create su‰cient legal income-earning opportunities, and cess, in line with the Kabul communiqué and within the calls for continued international support for these e€orts; framework of the Afghan Constitution and application 24. Remains deeply concerned about the persisting prob- of the procedures introduced by the Security Council in lem of anti-personnel landmines and explosive remnants of its resolutions 1267(1999) and 1988(2011) as well as other war, which constitute a great danger to the population and relevant resolutions of the Council; a major obstacle to the resumption of economic activities 30. Calls upon all relevant States and international and to recovery and reconstruction e€orts; organizations to remain engaged in the Afghan-led peace 25. Welcomes the progress achieved through the Mine process, and recognizes the impact terrorist attacks have on Action Programme for Afghanistan, supports the Govern- the Afghan people and risk having on future prospects for ment of Afghanistan in its e€orts to meet its responsibilities a peace settlement; under the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stock- 31. Underlines the fact that reconciliation efforts piling, Production and Transfer of Anti-personnel Mines should enjoy the support of all Afghans, including civil and on eir Destruction, to cooperate fully with the Mine society, minorities and women’s groups; Action Programme coordinated by the United Nations 32. Calls upon the Government of Afghanistan to en- and to eliminate all known or new stocks of anti-personnel sure that the Afghan Peace and Reintegration Programme landmines, and acknowledges the need for continued as- is implemented in an inclusive manner consistent with the sistance from the international community in this regard; Afghan Constitution and the international legal obligations 26. Notes the ratication by Afghanistan of the of Afghanistan, while upholding the human rights of all Convention on Cluster Munitions; Afghans and countering impunity; Peace, reconciliation and reintegration 33. Welcomes the establishment of the Peace and Rein- 27. Welcomes the adoption of Security Council reso- tegration Trust Fund, recalls the respective commitments lutions 1988(2011) and 1989(2011) succeeding resolutions made at the London and Kabul Conferences, and stresses 1267(1999), and 1904(2009) of 17 December 2009, wel- the importance of continued contributions by the interna- comes also the establishment of the 1988 Committee and tional community to the Trust Fund; the measures in resolution 1988(2011) with respect to indi- 34. Recognizes the ongoing progress in the reconcili- viduals, groups, undertakings and entities associated with ation with the Government of Afghanistan of those Tali- the Taliban in constituting a threat to the peace, stability ban individuals who have rejected the terrorist ideology of and security of Afghanistan, calls for the full implementa- Al-Qaida and its followers, abide by the Constitution and tion of measures and application of procedures introduced support a peaceful resolution to the continuing con+ict in in the relevant Council resolutions, in particular resolu- Afghanistan, calls upon the Taliban to accept the o€er put tions 1267(1999) and 1988(2011), and calls for consulta- forward by President Hamid Karzai to renounce violence, tions, as appropriate, with the Government of Afghanistan sever ties with terrorist groups, abide by the Constitution as stipulated in resolution 1988(2011); and join the peace and reconciliation process, and recog- 28. Expresses its support for the Government of nizes also that, notwithstanding the evolution of the situa- Afghanistan-led comprehensive process of peace and rec- tion in Afghanistan and progress in reconciliation, security onciliation, as recommended by the national Consultative remains a serious challenge in Afghanistan and the region; Peace Jirga in June 2010, commends the renewed e€orts 35. Also recognizes the increased number of reinte- of the Afghan Government, including the e€orts of the grees who have joined the Afghan Peace and Reintegration High Peace Council and the ongoing implementation of Programme, welcomes the results of the review conference the Afghan Peace and Reintegration Programme with the of the Programme held in May 2011 and recent e€orts to aim of promoting an inclusive dialogue between all Af- ensure its implementation, encourages further e€orts to ad- ghan groups, including those elements in opposition to dress remaining operational challenges, including through the Government who are prepared to renounce violence, an appropriate vetting mechanism and by ensuring this denounce terrorism, break ties with Al-Qaida and other ter- work is linked to wider e€orts to address con+ict and griev- rorist organizations and abide by the Afghan Constitution, ance resolution at the local level, and further encourages the and expresses its support for calls upon those concerned to international community to support this Afghan-led e€ort; engage in dialogue with the goal of meeting these condi- tions and reconcile and reintegrate, without prejudice to Governance, rule of law and human rights the implementation of measures and application of proce- 36. Emphasizes that good governance, the rule of law dures introduced by the Security Council in its resolutions and human rights form the foundation for the achieve- 1267(1999), 1988(2011), 1989(2011) and all other relevant ment of a stable and prosperous Afghanistan, and notes resolutions in this regard; the importance of building the capacity of the Government 29. Strongly condemns the assassination of Professor of Afghanistan to promote and protect human rights, the Burhanuddin Rabbani, Chairman of the High Peace rule of law and governance in an accountable and e€ective Council, emphasizes the importance of all States with rel- manner; 324 Part One: Political and security questions

A. Democracy 42. Emphasizes the importance of ensuring access for 37. Recognizes the importance of holding free, fair, relevant organizations to all prisons in Afghanistan, and transparent, credible, secure and inclusive elections as cru- calls for full respect for relevant international law, including cial steps towards consolidating democracy for all Afghans, humanitarian law and human rights law, where applicable, stresses the responsibility of the Afghan authorities in this including with regard to minors, if detained; regard, also stresses the need for the timely and orderly C. Public administration preparation of elections, calls upon the international com- 43. Urges the Government of Afghanistan to continue munity to continue to provide nancial and technical assis- to e€ectively reform the public administration sector in or- tance, stresses the leading role of the Assistance Mission in der to implement the rule of law and to ensure good gover- coordinating these e€orts, and calls upon the international nance and accountability, in accordance with the Kabul community to support the Government of Afghanistan process, at both the national and subnational levels, with and the relevant Afghan institutions; the support of the international community, welcomes the 38. Welcomes the settlement of the institutional im- e€orts of the Government and commitments made at the passe after the decision to leave the Independent Electoral Kabul Conference in this regard, stresses the importance Commission with the nal authority in electoral questions, of transparent appointment and promotion procedures for reiterates the commitment of the Afghan Government in civil servants, and continues to encourage the Government the Kabul communiqué to address long-term electoral re- to make active use of the Senior Appointments Panel; form, based on lessons learned in previous elections, in- 44. Encourages the international community, includ- cluding the 2010 parliamentary elections, and rea‰rms ing all donor nations as well as international institutions that Afghanistan’s peaceful future lies in strengthened and organizations, governmental and non-governmental, to and transparent democratic institutions, respect for the assist the Government of Afghanistan in making capacity- separation of powers, reinforced constitutional checks and building and human resources development a cross-cutting balances and the guarantee and enforcement of citizens’ priority and to align, in a coordinated manner, with e€orts rights and obligations; by the Government, including the work of the Independent B. Justice Administrative Reform and Civil Service Commission, 39. Also welcomes the steps taken by the Govern- to build administrative capacity at the national and sub- ment of Afghanistan on justice sector reform and the national levels; commitment to improving access to the delivery of 45. Reiterates the importance of institution-building in justice throughout Afghanistan made by the Govern- complementing and contributing to the development of an ment of Afghanistan at the Kabul Conference, stresses economy characterized by sound macroeconomic policies, the need for further accelerated progress towards the the development of a nancial sector that provides services, establishment of a fair, transparent and e€ective jus- inter alia, to microenterprises, small and medium-sized tice system, in particular by implementing the National enterprises and households, transparent business regula- Justice Programme, the National Justice Strategy and tions and accountability, and emphasizes the connection the forthcoming National Priority Programme on Law between generating economic growth, including through and Justice for All in a timely manner and by provid- infrastructural projects, and the creation of job opportuni- ing security and ensuring the rule of law throughout ties in Afghanistan; the country, and urges the international community to 46. Recalls the ratication by Afghanistan of the continue to support the e€orts of the Government in United Nations Convention against Corruption, reiterates these areas in a coordinated manner; its appreciation for the anti-corruption commitments made 40. Acknowledges the progress made by the Govern- by the Government of Afghanistan at the London and Ka- ment of Afghanistan and the international community bul Conferences, calls for further action by the Govern- in devoting adequate resources to the reconstruction and ment to full those commitments in order to establish a reform of the prison sector in order to improve respect for more e€ective, accountable and transparent administration the rule of law and human rights therein, while reducing at the national, provincial and local levels of Government, physical and mental health risks to inmates; welcomes continued international support to that end, and 41. Encourages further e€orts by the Government of notes with deep concern the e€ects of corruption with Afghanistan, with the support of the Assistance Mission, regard to security, good governance, the combating of the the international community and other partners, includ- narcotics industry and economic development; ing the Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission, 47. Welcomes the principles of e€ective partnership in protecting and preventing abuses of the human rights set out in the communiqué of the Kabul Conference, in of those detained in all Afghan prisons and detention fa- this context calls for the full implementation of the com- cilities, consistent with the Afghan Constitution, Afghan mitments made at the London Conference and rea‰rmed laws and international obligations, and in ensuring respect at the Kabul Conference to align and channel increasing for human rights and the rule of law within Afghanistan, international resources through the budget of the Govern- welcomes the cooperation of the Government of Afghani- ment of Afghanistan and in greater alignment with Af- stan, as well as the e€orts of the international community ghan priorities, encourages all partners to work with the to provide support in this regard, takes note of the rec- Government to implement the “Operational guide: criteria ommendations contained in the report of the Assistance for e€ective o€-budget development nance”, to improve Mission of 10 October 2011, and reiterates the importance procurement procedures and due diligence in international of following the appropriate legal procedures in order to contracting procedures and to promote Afghan parliamen- ensure justice; tary oversight of expenditures and development program- Chapter IV: Asia and the Pacic 325 ming, and recalls that progress in this area requires that 54. Stresses the need to ensure respect for the right to the necessary reforms of the public nancial management freedom of expression and the right to freedom of thought, systems be achieved, corruption be reduced, budget execu- conscience or belief as enshrined in the Afghan Consti- tion be improved and revenue collection be increased; tution, in this regard calls for full implementation of the 48. Underlines the importance of the recent agreement mass media law, while noting with concern the continuing of the Government of Afghanistan with the International intimidation and violence targeting Afghan journalists and Monetary Fund on a three-year arrangement rea‰rming challenges to the independence of the media, condemns the commitment to successful cooperation based on e€ec- cases of the abduction and even killing of journalists by tive and transparent economic reforms; terrorist as well as extremist and criminal groups, and urges 49. Welcomes the Subnational Governance Policy, un- that harassment and attacks on journalists be investigated derscores the importance of more visible, accountable and by Afghan authorities and that those responsible be brought capable subnational institutions and actors in reducing the to justice; political space for insurgents, emphasizes the importance of 55. Reiterates the important role of the Afghan Inde- the Kabul process being accompanied by the implementa- pendent Human Rights Commission in the promotion and tion of national programmes at the subnational level, en- protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms, courages the capacity-building and empowerment of local stresses the need to guarantee its constitutional status and institutions in a phased and scally sustainable manner, implement its mandate, focusing on communities across and calls for the predictable and regular allocation of more Afghanistan, so as to foster a more informed public and resources to provincial authorities, including continued increase Government accountability, welcomes the decision vital support from the Assistance Mission and the interna- of the Government of Afghanistan to take full responsi- tional community; bility for the core funding of the Commission, urges the 50. Urges the Government of Afghanistan to address, Commission to cooperate closely with Afghan civil society, with the assistance of the international community, the and calls upon the international community for continued question of claims for land property through a comprehen- support in this regard; sive land titling programme, including formal registration 56. Recalls Security Council resolutions 1674(2006) of all property and improved security of property rights, of 28 April 2006, 1738(2006) of 23 December 2006, and welcomes the steps already taken by the Government 1894(2009) of 11 November 2009 and the mid-year report in this regard; of July 2011 on the protection of civilians in armed con+ict, D. Human rights prepared by the Assistance Mission, expresses its serious 51. Recalls the constitutional guarantee of respect for concern at the high number of civilian casualties, includ- human rights and fundamental freedoms for all Afghans as ing women and children, and its impact on local commu- a signicant political achievement, calls for full respect for nities, notes that the Taliban, Al-Qaida and other violent the human rights and fundamental freedoms of all, with- and extremist groups remain responsible for the signicant out discrimination of any kind, and stresses the need to majority of civilian casualties, reiterates its call for all fea- fully implement the human rights provisions of the Afghan sible steps to be taken to ensure the protection of civilians, Constitution, in accordance with obligations under appli- and calls for additional appropriate steps in this regard cable international law, including those regarding the full and for full compliance with international humanitarian enjoyment by women and children of their human rights; and human rights law; 52. Acknowledges and encourages the e€orts made by 57. Also recalls Security Council resolutions the Government of Afghanistan in promoting respect for 1325(2000) of 31 October 2000, 1820(2008) of 19 June human rights, and expresses its concern at the harmful con- 2008, 1888(2009) of 30 September 2009, 1889(2009) of sequences of violent and terrorist activities by the Taliban, 5 October 2009 and 1960(2010) of 16 December 2010 Al-Qaida and other violent and extremist groups and crimi- on women and peace and security, and reiterates the im- nals for the enjoyment of human rights and for the capacity portance of upholding international obligations for the of the Government of Afghanistan to ensure human rights advancement of women’s rights as enshrined in the Afghan and fundamental freedoms for all Afghans, notes with Constitution; concern reports of continued violations of human rights 58. Commends the e€orts of the Government of Af- and of international humanitarian law, including violent or ghanistan to mainstream gender issues, including into the discriminatory practices, violations committed against per- national priority programmes, and to protect and promote sons belonging to ethnic and religious minorities, as well as the equal rights of women and men as guaranteed, inter alia, against women and children, in particular girls, stresses the by virtue of its ratication of the Convention on the Elimi- need to promote tolerance and religious freedom as guaran- nation of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, and teed by the Afghan Constitution, emphasizes the necessity by the Afghan Constitution and the implementation of the of investigating allegations of current and past violations, National Action Plan for Women, reiterates the continued and stresses the importance of facilitating the provision of importance of the full and equal participation of women e‰cient and e€ective remedies to the victims and of bring- in all spheres of Afghan life, and of equality before the law ing the perpetrators to justice in accordance with national and equal access to legal counsel without discrimination and international law; of any kind, and stresses the need for continued progress 53. Commends the Government of Afghanistan for its on gender issues in accordance with the obligations of active participation in the universal periodic review process, Afghanistan under international law; calls for continued active participation of Afghan civil society 59. Strongly condemns incidents of discrimination and in this process, and encourages the timely implementation violence against women and girls, in particular if directed of the recommendations addressed in the relevant report; against women activists and women prominent in public 326 Part One: Political and security questions life, wherever they occur in Afghanistan, including kill- pecially Women and Children, supplementing the United ings, maiming and “honour killings” in certain parts of Nations Convention against Transnational Organized the country; Crime, and stresses the importance of considering becom- 60. Reiterates its appreciation for the Elimination of ing a party to the Protocol; Violence against Women Special Fund of the United Na- Social and economic development tions Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN-Women) as well as for its Urgent Response 66. Urgently appeals to all States, the United Nations Fund, which continues to address targeted violence against system and international and non-governmental organiza- women and women’s rights defenders in Afghanistan, and tions, including the international and regional nancial stresses the need for continued nancial contributions by institutions, to continue to provide, in close coordination the international community to those funds; with the Government of Afghanistan and in accordance 61. Welcomes the achievements and e€orts of the Gov- with Afghan priorities and the National Development ernment of Afghanistan in countering discrimination, Strategy, all possible and necessary humanitarian, recovery, urges the Government to actively involve all elements of reconstruction, development, nancial, educational, tech- Afghan society, in particular women, in the development nical and material assistance for Afghanistan, and recalls and implementation of relief, rehabilitation, recovery and in this regard the leading role of the Assistance Mission in reconstruction programmes, as well as in national priority seeking to further improve the coherence and coordination programmes, and accurately track the progress of the full of international e€orts; integration of women into political, economic and social life, 67. Stresses the need for a continued strong interna- stresses the need for continued progress on gender equality, tional commitment to humanitarian assistance and for in accordance with its obligations under international law programmes, under the ownership of the Government of and in the empowerment of women in Afghan politics and Afghanistan, of recovery, rehabilitation, reconstruction and public administration, including in leadership positions and development, while expressing its appreciation to the United at the subnational level, also stresses the need to facilitate Nations system and to all States and international and non- the access of women to employment and to ensure female governmental organizations whose international and local literacy and training, and calls upon the international com- sta€ continue to respond positively to the humanitarian, munity to continue to provide support in this regard; transition and development needs of Afghanistan despite 62. Stresses the need to ensure respect for the human security concerns and di‰culties of access in certain areas; rights and fundamental freedoms of children in Afghani- 68. Expresses its appreciation for the humanitarian and stan, and recalls the need for the full implementation of development assistance work of the international commu- the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the two nity in the reconstruction and development of Afghani- Optional Protocols thereto by all States parties, as well as of stan, recognizes the necessity for further improvement in Security Council resolutions 1612(2005) of 26 July 2005, the living conditions of the Afghan people, and emphasizes 1882(2009) of 4 August 2009 and 1998(2011) of 12 July the need to strengthen and support the development of the 2011 on children and armed con+ict; capacity of the Government of Afghanistan to deliver basic 63. Expresses its concern , in this regard, about the ongo- social services, in particular education and public health ing recruitment and use of children by illegal armed and services, and to promote development; terrorist groups in Afghanistan, stresses the importance of 69. Urges the Government of Afghanistan to enhance ending the use of children contrary to international law, e€orts to reform key service delivery sectors, such as en- expresses appreciation for the progress achieved by and the ergy and drinking water supply, as preconditions for pro- rm commitment of the Government of Afghanistan in gress in social and economic development, commends the this regard, including its strong condemnation of any ex- Government for its e€orts to date to reach scal sustain- ploitation of children, as indicated by the establishment of ability, notes the challenges ahead, and urges continued the Inter-ministerial Steering Committee for the Protection commitment to revenue generation; of the Rights of Children, the appointment of a focal point 70. Expresses its appreciation for the work of the pro- on child protection and the signing by the Government of vincial reconstruction teams as they work within the Afghanistan, in January 2011, of an action plan, including provincial context to support national priorities to build the annexes thereto, on children associated with national the capacities of local institutions; security forces in Afghanistan, and calls for the full 71. Encourages the international community and the implementation of the provisions of the action plan, in corporate sector to support the Afghan economy as a mea- close cooperation with the Assistance Mission; sure for long-term stability and to explore possibilities for 64. Recognizes the special needs of girls, strongly con- increased trade and investments and enhanced local pro- demns terrorist attacks as well as threats of attacks on edu- curements, and further encourages the Government of cational facilities, especially on those for Afghan girls, and/ Afghanistan to continue to promote an economic environ- or hospitals and protected persons in relation to them in Af- ment favourable for private-sector investments at both the ghanistan, in contravention of applicable international law, national and subnational levels; and expresses deep concern about the high number of school 72. Urgently encourages all States as well as intergov- closures as a result of terrorist attacks or threats of attacks; ernmental and non-governmental organizations to expand 65. Welcomes the adoption by the Government of agricultural cooperation with Afghanistan, within the Afghanistan of the National Plan of Action on Combat- National Agricultural Development Framework and in ing Child Tra‰cking, also welcomes initiatives to pass line with the National Development Strategy, with a view legislation on human tra‰cking, guided by the Protocol to to helping to eradicate poverty and ensure social and eco- Prevent, Suppress and Punish Tra‰cking in Persons, Es- nomic development, including in rural communities; Chapter IV: Asia and the Pacic 327

73. Reiterates the necessity of providing Afghan chil- Regional cooperation dren, especially Afghan girls, with educational and health 81. Stresses the crucial role of advancing constructive facilities in all parts of the country, welcomes the progress regional cooperation in promoting peace, security, stabil- achieved in the sector of public education, recalls the Na- ity and economic and social development in Afghanistan, tional Education Strategic Plan as a promising basis for fur- encourages further improved relations and enhanced en- ther achievements, encourages the Government of Afghani- gagement between Afghanistan and its neighbours, and stan, with the assistance of the international community, to calls for further e€orts in this regard, including by regional expand those facilities, train professional sta€ and promote organizations; full and equal access to them by all members of Afghan 82. Commends the continuing e€orts of the signatories society, including in remote areas, and reiterates further the of the Kabul Declaration on Good-neighbourly Relations need to provide vocational training for adolescents; of 22 December 2002 to implement their commitments 74. Commends the relief e€orts by the Government under the Declaration, calls upon all other States to re- of Afghanistan and donors, but continues to express its spect and support the implementation of those provisions, concern at the overall humanitarian situation, stresses the and welcomes the rea‰rmation, in the Kabul Conference continued need for food assistance, and calls for continued communiqué, of the principles set out in the Declaration; international support for and the early fullment, before the approaching winter, of the funding targets of the 83. Welcomes and encourages further e€orts by the Gov- Afghanistan Humanitarian Action Plan; ernment of Afghanistan and its neighbouring partners to 75. Recognizes that underdevelopment and lack of ca- foster trust and cooperation with each other, and looks for- pacity increase the vulnerability of Afghanistan to natu- ward, where appropriate, to increasing cooperation between ral disasters and to harsh climate conditions, and urges Afghanistan, all its neighbouring and regional partners and in this regard the Government of Afghanistan, with the regional organizations against the Taliban, Al-Qaida and support of the international community, to increase its ef- other extremist and criminal groups and in promoting peace forts aimed at strengthening disaster risk reduction at the and prosperity in Afghanistan, in the region and beyond; national and subnational levels and at modernizing the ag- 84. Welcomes , in this regard, the increased e€orts by the ricultural sector and strengthening its agricultural produc- Government of Afghanistan, its neighbouring and regional tion, thereby reducing the vulnerability of Afghanistan to partners and international organizations to foster trust and adverse external conditions such as drought, +ooding and cooperation with each other, as well as recent coopera- other natural disasters; tion initiatives developed by the countries concerned and 76. Expresses its appreciation to those Governments that regional organizations, including the trilateral summits of continue to host Afghan refugees, in particular Pakistan and Afghanistan, Pakistan and Turkey; Afghanistan, the Islamic the Islamic Republic of Iran, acknowledging the huge bur- Republic of Iran and Pakistan; Pakistan, Afghanistan and den they have so far shouldered in this regard, and asks for the United States of America; and Afghanistan, Pakistan continued generous support by the international commu- and the United Arab Emirates; and the quadrilateral sum- nity, with a view to facilitating their voluntary, safe, digni- mits of Afghanistan, Pakistan, Tajikistan and the Russian ed and sustainable return, rehabilitation and reintegration; Federation, as well as those of the Tripartite Commission, 77. Reiterates to host countries and the international comprising Afghanistan, Pakistan and the Assistance Force, community the obligations under international refugee law and the European Union, the Organization of Islamic Co- with respect to the protection of refugees, the principle of operation, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in voluntary return and the right to seek asylum and to en- Europe, the South Asian Association for Regional Coopera- sure full, safe and unhindered access for humanitarian relief tion and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization; agencies in order to provide protection and assistance to the 85. Also welcomes the Conference on Security and Co- refugees, and calls upon countries to continue to accept an operation in the Heart of Asia, and encourages Afghanistan appropriate number of Afghan refugees for resettlement, as and its regional partners to actively endeavour to imple- a manifestation of their shared responsibility and solidarity; ment condence-building measures within the framework 78. Welcomes the continued return of Afghan refugees set out in the Istanbul Process on Regional Security and and internally displaced persons, in a voluntary, safe, dig- Cooperation for a Secure and Stable Afghanistan, adopted nied and sustainable manner, while noting with concern on 2 November 2011; that conditions in parts of Afghanistan are not yet condu- 86. Expresses its appreciation for all e€orts to increase cive to a safe and sustainable return to some places of origin; regional economic cooperation aimed at promoting eco- 79. Urges the Government of Afghanistan, acting with nomic cooperation between Afghanistan, regional neigh- the support of the international community, to continue to bours, international partners and nancial institutions, strengthen its e€orts to create the conditions for sustainable recognizes, inter alia, the important role of the Regional return by continuing to strengthen its absorption capacity Economic Cooperation Conference on Afghanistan, the for the full rehabilitation and reintegration of the remain- Economic Cooperation Organization, the Central Asian ing Afghan refugees and internally displaced persons; Regional Economic Cooperation Programme, the South 80. Notes , in this regard, the continued constructive Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, as well as the work between the countries of the region, as well as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the European Union tripartite agreements between the O‰ce of the United Na- and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Eu- tions High Commissioner for Refugees, the Government rope in promoting the development of Afghanistan, and of Afghanistan and the Governments of countries hosting looks forward to the Fifth Regional Economic Cooperation refugees from Afghanistan, in particular Pakistan and the Conference on Afghanistan, to be held in Tajikistan on Islamic Republic of Iran; 26 and 27 March 2012; 328 Part One: Political and security questions

87. Welcomes and urges further e€orts to strengthen 93. Calls upon all Member States, in this regard, to the process of regional economic cooperation, including further intensify their e€orts to reduce the demand for measures to facilitate regional trade and transit, including drugs in their respective countries and globally in order to through regional and bilateral transit trade agreements, ex- contribute to the sustainability of the elimination of illicit panded consular visa cooperation and facilitation of business cultivation in Afghanistan; travel, to expand trade, to increase foreign investments and 94. Stresses the need to prevent tra‰cking in and to develop infrastructure, including infrastructural connec- diversion of chemical precursors used in the illicit manu- tivity, energy supply, transport and integrated border man- facturing of drugs in Afghanistan, and calls for the full agement, with a view to promoting sustainable economic implementation of Security Council resolution 1817(2008) growth and the creation of jobs in Afghanistan, noting the of 11 June 2008 in this regard; historic role of Afghanistan as a land bridge in Asia; 95. Supports the ght against the illicit tra‰cking in 88. Encourages the Group of Eight countries to con- drugs from and precursors to Afghanistan and neighbouring tinue to stimulate and support cooperation between Af- States and countries along tra‰cking routes, including in- ghanistan and its neighbours through mutual consultation creased cooperation among them in strengthening antinar- and agreement, including on development projects in areas cotic controls and the monitoring of the international trade such as infrastructural connectivity, border management in chemical precursors, and underlines the importance of and economic development, and in this regard looks for- technical assistance and support to the most a€ected transit ward to the creation of the Afghan rail authority announced States to support their capacities in this regard; at the regional rail conference in Paris on 4 and 5 July 2011; 96. Urges the Government of Afghanistan, supported by the international community, to work to mainstream Counter-narcotics counter-narcotics throughout all the national programmes 89. Welcomes the e€orts of the Government of Afghan- and to ensure that counter-narcotics is a fundamental part istan in ghting drug production in Afghanistan, takes note of the comprehensive approach, as well as to increase its of the report of the United Nations O‰ce on Drugs and e€orts against opium cultivation and drug tra‰cking in accordance with the balanced eight-pillar plan of the Crime, the Afghanistan Opium Survey 2011 , released in De- updated Afghan National Drug Control Strategy; cember 2011, reiterates its deep concern about the increase 97. Commends the e€orts of the Government of Af- in the cultivation and production of illicit narcotic drugs ghanistan in this regard, as well as the e€orts to update in Afghanistan, mainly concentrated in areas where the and carry out the National Drug Control Strategy, includ- Taliban, Al-Qaida and other violent and extremist groups ing the Prioritized Implementation Plan and benchmarks, and criminals are particularly active, as well as the ongoing urges the Government and the international community to drug tra‰cking, and, based on the principle of common take decisive action, in particular to stop the processing of and shared responsibility, stresses the need for strengthened and trade in drugs, by pursuing the concrete steps set out in joint, more coordinated and resolute e€orts by the Govern- the Strategy and through initiatives such as the Good Per- ment of Afghanistan, supported by the international and formers Initiative established to provide incentives for gov- regional actors as well as the Assistance Force, within their ernors to reduce cultivation in their provinces, and encour- designated responsibilities, to ght this menace; ages the Afghan authorities to work at the provincial level 90. Stresses the importance of a comprehensive and on elaborating counter-narcotics implementation plans; balanced approach in addressing the drug problem of Af- 98. Calls upon the international community to con- ghanistan, which, to be e€ective, must be integrated tinue to assist the Government of Afghanistan in imple- into the wider context of e€orts carried out in the areas menting its National Drug Control Strategy, aimed at of security, governance, the rule of law and human rights, eliminating the cultivation, production, tra‰cking in and and economic and social development; consumption of illicit drugs, including through increased 91. Also stresses , in this regard, that the development of support for Afghan law enforcement and criminal jus- alternative livelihood programmes is of key importance in tice agencies, agricultural and rural development for the the success of the counter-narcotics e€orts in Afghanistan creation of alternative livelihoods for farmers, demand re- and that sustainable strategies require international coop- duction, the elimination of illicit crops, increased public eration, and urges the Government of Afghanistan, assisted awareness and the building of the capacity of drug control by the international community, to promote the develop- institutions and care and treatment centres for drug ment of sustainable livelihoods in the formal production addicts, and reiterates its call upon the international com- sector, as well as in other sectors, and to improve access munity to channel counter-narcotics funding through the to reasonable and sustainable credit and nancing in rural Government to the extent possible; areas, thus improving substantially the lives, health and 99. Recalls the need to strengthen international and re- security of the people, particularly in rural areas; gional cooperation with Afghanistan in its sustained e€orts 92. Notes with great concern the strong nexus between to address drug production and tra‰cking, recognizes the the drug trade and terrorist activities by the Taliban, Al- threat posed by illicit drug production, trade and tra‰ck- Qaida and other violent and extremist groups and crimi- ing to international peace and stability in the region and nal groups, which pose a serious threat to security, the beyond, also recognizes the progress achieved by relevant rule of law and development in Afghanistan, and stresses initiatives within the framework of the Paris Pact initiative the importance of the full implementation of all relevant of the United Nations O‰ce on Drugs and Crime, stresses Security Council resolutions in this regard, including reso- the importance of further progress in the implementation lutions 1735(2006) of 22 December 2006 and 1822(2008) of these initiatives, and welcomes the upcoming ministerial of 30 June 2008; meeting of the Paris Pact initiative to be held in Vienna, Chapter IV: Asia and the Pacic 329 in continuation of the “Paris-Moscow” process, as well as and development of Afghanistan, and recalls the additional the intent of the Government of Afghanistan to strengthen international support as pledged; international and regional cooperation in this regard; 109. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the 100. Pays homage to all those who have innocently lost General Assembly every three months on developments their lives in the ght against drug tra‰ckers, in particular in Afghanistan, as well as on the progress made in the members of the security forces of Afghanistan and its implementation of the present resolution; neighbours; 110. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of 101. Welcomes initiatives to enhance border manage- its sixty-seventh session the item entitled “e situation ment cooperation between Afghanistan and its neighbours in Afghanistan”. in ensuring comprehensive measures for drug control, including the nancial dimension, emphasizes the impor- Terrorist attacks. In a 31 October press statement tance of pursuing such cooperation, especially through [SC/10432] , the Security Council condemned the ter- bilateral arrangements and those launched by the Col- rorist attack against the guest house of the O‰ce of lective Security Treaty Organization, the Conference on the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Interaction and Condence-building Measures in Asia, (†‡?&@) in Kandahar, which resulted in the deaths and the Economic Cooperation Organization, the Shanghai injury of UN sta€ and of Afghan police o‰cers who Cooperation Organization, the Central Asian Anti-Drug were protecting them. Quartet and others, and welcomes the intention of the On 8 December [SC/10474] , the Council condemned Government of Afghanistan to strengthen international and regional cooperation with relevant partners in the eld the 6 December terrorist attacks in Kabul and Mazar-e- of border control; Sharif, which resulted in numerous deaths. 102. Stresses the importance of further, e€ective co- Istanbul Conference. e Istanbul Conference for operative support by relevant international and regional Afghanistan: Security and Cooperation in the Heart actors, including the United Nations and the Assistance of Asia (Istanbul, Turkey, 2 November) [A/66/601- Force, within its designated responsibilities, to Afghan-led S/2011/767] , co-chaired by Afghanistan and Turkey and sustained e€orts to address the threat posed by the illicit facilitated by †‡„ˆ„, aimed to strengthen dialogue and production of and tra‰cking in drugs, welcomes in this cooperation with neighbouring countries. e Istanbul regard the regional programme on Afghanistan and neigh- bouring countries of the United Nations O‰ce on Drugs Process on Regional Security and Cooperation for a Se- and Crime, and encourages the respective countries to con- cure and Stable Afghanistan was adopted by the 13 par- tinue to participate; ticipating countries—neighbours, near neighbours and 103. Acknowledges the regional activities carried out countries in the region—and welcomed and supported by Afghanistan, the Islamic Republic of Iran and Pakistan by 22 other countries, institutions and organizations. within the framework of their triangular initiative to coun- It rea‰rmed general principles of regional cooperation ter narcotics, and welcomes the next ministerial meetings and included a list of condence-building measures to be held in Kabul and Tehran, consecutively; for consideration by the countries of the region. Coordination Report of Secretary-General (December). In a 104. Expresses its appreciation for the work of the December report [A/66/604-S/2011/772] , the Secretary- Assistance Mission as mandated by the Security Council in General stated that the 20 September assassination its resolution 1974(2011), and stresses the continued impor- of the head of the High Peace Council and former tance of the central and impartial coordinating role of the President of Afghanistan, Burhanuddin Rabbani, by United Nations in promoting a more coherent international a suicide bomber had signicant political and secu- engagement; rity implications. Mr. Rabbani’s death had intensi- 105. Welcomes the presence of the Assistance Mission ed internal political manoeuvring and weakened in the provinces, which ensures that the United Nations can full its essential coordinating and support role, as trust between factions and ethnic groups. It was criti- requested by the Government of Afghanistan, security cal for Afghanistan, with the support of its partners conditions permitting; and the United Nations on the ground, to make a 106. Stresses the need to ensure that the Assistance concerted e€ort to forge a national consensus on Mission is adequately resourced and protected by the key issues by involving civil society in a broad-based Afghan authorities, with international support, as appro- dialogue aimed at advancing the peace process and priate, to full its mandate; reinforcing the country’s institutions; sustaining the 107. Acknowledges the central role played by the Joint momentum of the regional process agreed to at the Coordination and Monitoring Board, stresses that the role Istanbul Conference in November (see above); en- of the Board is to support Afghanistan by, inter alia, moni- suring a unied, predictable, transparent and well- toring and supporting the Kabul process and coordinating resourced economic and development agenda, international assistance and reconstruction programmes, and welcomes further e€orts to provide appropriate guidance through an invigorated Kabul Process; and buttress- and promote a more coherent international engagement; ing its key partnerships for the long term, beyond 108. Expresses its appreciation for and emphasizes the 2014. A proper investigation of Mr. Rabbani’s assas- importance of the continued and long-term commitment sination would help restore condence and prevent of the international community to supporting the stability any further loss of momentum towards Afghan-led 330 Part One: Political and security questions reconciliation. At a traditional Loya Jirga (Kabul, of Afghanistan and its people for the long term. He 16–19 November), the mandate of the High Peace noted the large-scale attacks of past weeks and the Council was rea‰rmed and the Government was still-volatile security situation, which was a€ecting asked to appoint a new Chair. e gathering also ad- the work of †‡„ˆ„. e Deputy Minister for For- vocated negotiations only with known and legitimate eign A€airs of Afghanistan said that it had been a representatives of the insurgency and noted that sin- year of milestones, but achievements had come at a cere cooperation by Pakistan was needed for a peace price and terrorism remained a threat. e Special process to succeed. e National Assembly had again Representative, Sta€an de Mistura, delivered his nal become active, with a quorum reached in the Wolesi brieng. His replacement, Ján Kubiš, was introduced Jirga on 8 October, concluding a year-long, post- to the Council. electoral disagreement. In line with seasonal trends, security-related events SECURITY COUNCIL ACTION declined compared to the previous three-month pe- On 19 December [meeting 6690] , following consulta- riod. e most signicant event directly impacting tions among Council members, the President made UN sta€ was a complex attack carried out in Kan- statement S/PRST/2011/22 on behalf of the Council: dahar on 31 October, in which three UN national e Security Council welcomes the International Af- sta€ members were killed and two were injured at the ghanistan Conference on Afghanistan and the Interna- †‡?&@ compound. e operational environment for tional Community: From Transition to the Transforma- humanitarian and development work remained vola- tion Decade, held in Bonn, Germany, on 5 December tile, and UN national sta€ and sta€ working for non- 2011 and its conference conclusions. governmental organizations continued to su€er spo- e Council welcomes also the declaration in Bonn radic intimidation from insurgent and criminal ele- that the process of transition, to be completed by the end of 2014, should be followed by a decade of transfor- ments. U‡„ˆ„ continued to monitor and provide mation (2015–2024) in which Afghanistan consolidates advice on community-based security initiatives, its sovereignty by strengthening a fully functioning, including the Afghan Local Police, the Critical sustainable State in the service of its people. Infrastructure Protection Programme and other local e Council welcomes, furthermore, against this defence initiatives, which continued to grow. background, the strategic consensus between Afghani- On 14 November, the ‚ˆ Executive Board and stan and the international community on a renewed and the Government successfully concluded negotiations enduring partnership for this transformation decade which entails rm mutual commitments. on a three-year ‚ˆ programme for Afghanistan. e e Council notes that the process of transition entails Government rmly committed itself to an aggressive the assumption of the leadership responsibility by the programme of e‰ciency and reform with a focus on Government of Afghanistan. increasing domestic revenue collection, strengthening e Council commends the outcome of the Confer- the nancial sector and implementing a progressive ence on Security and Cooperation in the Heart of Asia, pro-poor taxation regime. held in Istanbul, Turkey, on 2 November 2011. e Council underlines the crucial role of the United Bonn Conference. By a 6 December letter [A/66/ Nations in Afghanistan, expresses its gratitude for 597-S/2011/762] , Afghanistan and Germany forwarded Mr. Sta€an de Mistura’s outstanding contribution to to the Secretary-General the conference conclusions the work of the United Nations Assistance Mission of the International Afghanistan Conference entitled in Afghanistan, and looks forward to working with “Afghanistan and the International Community: the incoming Special Representative of the Secretary- From Transition to the Transformation Decade” General for Afghanistan, Mr. Ján Kubiš. (Bonn, Germany, 5 December). e Conference re- e Council welcomes the intention of the Govern- a‰rmed the long-term commitment of the interna- ment of Japan to host a ministerial conference in Tokyo tional community to support of Afghanistan beyond in July 2012. 2014. Shifting strategy from stabilization to long-term Further developments development cooperation, participants recommitted themselves to aligning assistance with Government In a later report [A/66/728-S/2012/133] , the Secretary- priorities and to improving the e‰ciency of aid General stated that following the 5 December Bonn resources, including through the channelling of a Conference (see above), the political debate in Af- growing share of aid through the Government budget. ghanistan had been dominated by the possible estab- Security Council consideration (December). lishment of a Taliban o‰ce to facilitate dialogue and On 19 December [S/PV.6690] , the Security Council its location, potentially in Qatar. On 15 December, considered the Secretary-General’s report (see above). it was agreed at a meeting between President Karzai e UN Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping and prominent national gures that a practical mecha- Operations, Hervé Ladsous, said that the Organiza- nism to engage the armed opposition was required; tion was committed to supporting the Government it was also emphasized that any peace process must be Chapter IV: Asia and the Pacic 331 led and owned by the Afghans. Participants backed International Security Assistance Force proposals to establish a Taliban o‰ce, but indicated a preference that it be located in Afghanistan, Saudi e International Security Assistance Force (‚ƒ„ ), Arabia or Turkey. On 20 December, the Government a multinational force established by Security Council circulated to diplomatic missions an 11-point state- resolution 1386(2001) [YUN 2001, p. 267] , was man- ment setting out its conditions for such interaction and dated, among other things, to assist the Government emphasizing that the gains of the preceding 10 years of Afghanistan in the maintenance of security in Ka- should not be lost. On 19 December, ve members of bul and its surrounding areas. By Council resolution the Independent Election Commission were sworn in. 1510(2003) [YUN 2003, p. 310] , the ‚ƒ„ mandate was In December, the Management Committee for the expanded to include the maintenance of security Afghanistan Reconstruction Trust Fund approved the outside Kabul and its environs. rst instalment of $100 million (total $350 million) for During 2011, the Secretary-General transmit- the implementation of the ve-year capacity-building ted to the Council, in accordance with resolutions for results programme. 1386(2001) and 1943(2010) [YUN 2010, p. 358] , re- ports from ‚ƒ„ on its activities for the periods from 1 November 2010 to 31 January 2011 [S/2011/124] , UNAMA 1 February to 30 April [S/2011/364] , 1 May to 31 July e United Nations Assistance Mission in Af- [S/2011/562] and 1 August to 31 October [S/2011/760] . ghanistan (†‡„ˆ„) was established by Security Activities from 1 November 2011 to 31 January 2012 Council resolution 1401(2002) [YUN 2002, p. 264] to were covered in a later report [S/2012/150] . promote, among other things, national reconciliation For the periods covered by the reports, ‚ƒ„ su€ered and the responsibilities entrusted to the United Na- 8,182 casualties, including 597 killed in action, 6,787 tions under the 2001 Bonn Agreement [YUN 2001, wounded in action and 77 non-battle-related deaths. p. 263] . It comprised the O‰ce of the Special Repre- As at 18 October, total ‚ƒ„ strength stood at 130,638 sentative, two substantive pillars—one political and personnel provided by all 28 ‡„!* members and 21 one on relief, recovery and reconstruction—and an non-‡„!* countries. administrative component. U‡„ˆ„ was headquar- One of the main tasks of ‚ƒ„ was the further tered in Kabul, with regional o‰ces in Bamyan, professionalization of the Afghan National Security Gardez, Herat, Jalalabad, Kabul, Kandahar, Kun- Forces as they prepared to assume the security lead duz and Mazar-e-Sharif and provincial o‰ces in and the transition process in 2014. e Forces re- Badakhshan, Badghis, Baghlan, Daikundi, Farah, mained on track in terms of both size and quality to Faryab, Ghor, Khost, Kunar, Nimroz, Sari Pul, reach the October 2012 growth target of 352,000. Sheberghan, Taluqan, Uruzgan and Zabul. By resolu- With ‚ƒ„ support and advice, the Afghan National tion 1974(2011) (see p. 312), the Council extended the Security Forces were becoming increasingly capable †‡„ˆ„ mandate until 23 March 2012. in general and were improving their ability to conduct Appointment of Special Representative. On autonomous operations: in 2011, they added 57,000 soldiers and police to their numbers. Almost 40 per 22 November [S/2011/733] , the Secretary-General in- formed the Security Council of his intention to ap- cent of conventional and special forces operations point Ján Kubiš (Slovakia) as his Special Representa- were led by Afghan forces, and approximately 90 per tive for Afghanistan and Head of †‡„ˆ„, e€ective cent of the operations were partnered with ‚ƒ„ . Tran- sition to Afghan National Security Forces-led secu- January 2012, to replace Sta€an de Mistura (Sweden), rity commenced on 22 July. who would complete his assignment on 31 December e protection of the Afghan population remained 2011. On 23 November [S/2011/734] , the Council took note of the intention. the highest priority for ‚ƒ„ . Among several initiatives, ‚ƒ„ dedicated special attention to the understanding Financing and prevention of events that could result in civilian casualties. New tactical directives were issued, and the In November [A/66/354/Add.4] , the Secretary- entire ‚ƒ„ force received retraining based on them. General submitted to the General Assembly the pro- e rst quarterly civilian casualties mitigation con- posed resource requirements for †‡„ˆ„ for 2012, ference was held on 28 June; the objective was to es- totalling $241,533,500 net ($259,451,700 gross). tablish a direct dialogue with the Afghan population’s In December [A/66/7/Add.12] , the Advisory Committee representatives to address people’s concerns and ex- on Administrative and Budgetary Questions recom- plain ‚ƒ„ activities. Iƒ„ also established the civilian mended approval of those gures. casualties mitigation working group to examine poli- On 24 December, the Assembly, in section IX of cies and procedures. In the last months of 2011, ‚ƒ„ resolution 66/247 (see p. 1393), approved the †‡„ˆ„ actions were attributed to only 6 per cent of all civilian budget for the 2012–2013 biennium. casualty-related incidents, which was representative 332 Part One: Political and security questions of the continued decreasing trend when compared to Welcoming the communiqués of the London Confer- previous reports. December 2011 represented the low- ence on Afghanistan, held on 28 January 2010, and the est monthly number of ‚ƒ„ -caused civilian casualties Kabul International Conference on Afghanistan, held on since accurate record-keeping began in January 2009. 20 July 2010, which set a clear agenda and agreed priori- ties for the way ahead on Afghanistan, and underlining the Iƒ„ continued to support Government counter-nar- pivotal importance of strengthening Afghan ownership and cotics programmes and operations in order to disrupt, leadership, consistent with the Kabul Process, in all elds neutralize and in+uence the narcotics industry and its of governance, funding of the insurgency. Iƒ„ assisted the Afghan Recognizing once again the interconnected nature of the security forces in seizing a record amount of narcotics challenges in Afghanistan, rea‰rming that sustainable and precursor chemicals in 2011, especially morphine, progress on security, governance, human rights, the rule well in excess of the total seized in 2010. As a result of law and development, as well as the cross-cutting issues of those successful operations, however, opium prices of counter-narcotics, anti-corruption and accountability, reached a near-record high in 2011, which drove farm- is mutually reinforcing and that governance and develop- ment programmes prioritized for implementation in tran- ers to plant poppies in large numbers in more remote sition should be consistent with the goals set forth in the areas with limited security. e reports also described Kabul Process and the national priority programmes, and ‚ƒ„ support to Afghan-led governance e€orts in areas welcoming the continuing e€orts of the Government of of transition, reintegration, counter-corruption and Afghanistan and the international community to address rule of law improvement, as well as ‚ƒ„ support to the these challenges through a comprehensive approach, development e€orts of the Government. Stressing , in this context, the need for further e€orts by the Government of Afghanistan to ght corruption, pro- SECURITY COUNCIL ACTION mote transparency and increase its accountability, in line On 12 October [meeting 6629] , the Security Council with the commitment of the Government to strengthen unanimously adopted resolution 2011(2011) . e measures to combat corruption after the London and Kabul Conferences, draft [S/2011/630] was submitted by Germany. Underlining the signicance of the agreement reached e Security Council , between the Government of Afghanistan and countries Rea!rming its previous resolutions on Afghanistan, in contributing to the International Security Assistance Force particular its resolutions 1386(2001) of 20 December 2001, at the North Atlantic Treaty Organization summit held in 1510(2003) of 13 October 2003, 1943(2010) of 13 October Lisbon on 19 and 20 November 2010 to gradually transfer 2010 and 1974(2011) of 22 March 2011, lead security responsibility in Afghanistan to the Govern- Rea!rming also its resolutions 1267(1999) of 15 Octo- ment country-wide by the end of 2014, welcoming the on- ber 1999, 1368(2001) of 12 September 2001, 1373(2001) going implementation of the rst phase of transition and of 28 September 2001, 1822(2008) of 30 June 2008, looking forward to the phased extension of the process to 1904(2009) of 17 December 2009 and 1988(2011) and the rest of the country, underlining the continuing role of 1989(2011) of 17 June 2011, and reiterating its support for the Force, in support of the Government, in promoting a international e€orts to root out terrorism in accordance responsible transition and the importance of the enhance- with the Charter of the United Nations, ment of the capabilities of the Afghan National Security Recalling its resolutions 1265(1999) of 17 September Forces, stressing the long-term commitment, beyond 2014, 1999, 1296(2000) of 19 April 2000, 1674(2006) of 28 April of the international community to support the further de- 2006, 1738(2006) of 23 December 2006 and 1894(2009) velopment, including training, and professionalization of of 11 November 2009 on the protection of civilians in the Afghan National Security Forces and their capacity to armed con+ict, its resolutions 1325(2000) of 31 October counter continued threats to Afghanistan’s security, with 2000, 1820(2008) of 19 June 2008, 1888(2009) of a view to lasting peace, security and stability, and noting 30 September 2009, 1889(2009) of 5 October 2009 and that these issues will be discussed at the forthcoming North 1960(2010) of 16 December 2010 on women and peace and Atlantic Treaty Organization summit in Chicago, United security, and its resolutions 1612(2005) of 26 July 2005, States of America, 1882(2009) of 4 August 2009 and 1998(2011) of 12 July Welcoming the long-term commitments undertaken by 2011 on children and armed con+ict, and noting as well Afghanistan’s international partners, including the North the report of the Secretary-General on children and armed Atlantic Treaty Organization and the European Union, con+ict in Afghanistan and the subsequent conclusions of neighbouring States and regional partners to continue sup- its Working Group on Children and Armed Con+ict, porting Afghanistan beyond transition, stressing the im- Rea!rming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, portance of their complementary nature, including with independence, territorial integrity and national unity of future bilateral partnerships decided upon by the Govern- Afghanistan, ment of Afghanistan, Recognizing that the responsibility for providing security Looking forward to the International Afghanistan Con- and law and order throughout the country resides with the ference on Afghanistan and the International Community: Afghan authorities, stressing the role of the International From Transition to the Transformation Decade, to be held Security Assistance Force in assisting the Government of in Bonn, Germany, on 5 December 2011, at which civil as- Afghanistan to improve the security situation and build its pects of transition, the long-term commitment of the inter- own security capabilities, and welcoming the cooperation national community in Afghanistan within the region and of the Government with the Force, the support of the political process will be further dened, Chapter IV: Asia and the Pacic 333

Also looking forward to the Conference on Security and Condemning in the strongest terms all attacks, including Cooperation in the Heart of Asia, which will be held in improvised explosive device attacks, suicide attacks, assas- Istanbul, Turkey, on 2 November 2011, sinations and abductions, indiscriminate targeting of civil- Noting regional initiatives, such as those being imple- ians, attacks against humanitarian workers and targeting mented within the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation of Afghan and international forces, and their deleterious Organization, the Collective Security Treaty Organization, e€ect on the stabilization, reconstruction and development the European Union, the Organization for Security and e€orts in Afghanistan, and condemning further the use Cooperation in Europe, the South Asian Association for by the Taliban, Al-Qaida and other violent and extremist Regional Cooperation and other relevant initiatives aimed groups of civilians as human shields, at increased regional economic cooperation with Afghani- Condemning in particular the recent terrorist attacks stan, such as the vision of the New Silk Road, and look- against the InterContinental Hotel, the British Council ing forward to the Fifth Regional Economic Cooperation building, the International Security Assistance Force head- Conference on Afghanistan, to be held in Tajikistan on 26 quarters and the Embassy of the United States of America and 27 March 2012, in Kabul, and deploring the loss of life in these attacks, Stressing the central and impartial role that the United Na- including of Afghan civilians, police and security forces, tions continues to play in promoting peace and stability in Af- Welcoming the achievements of the Government of Af- ghanistan by leading the e€orts of the international commu- ghanistan in banning ammonium nitrate fertilizer, and nity, noting in this context the synergies in the objectives of urging continued action to implement regulations for the the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan and of control of all explosive materials and precursor chemicals, the International Security Assistance Force, and, as transition thereby reducing the ability of insurgents to use them for moves forward, stressing the need for strengthened coopera- improvised explosive devices, tion, coordination and mutual support, taking due account Noting the ratication by Afghanistan of the Conven- of their respective designated responsibilities and the evolving tion on Cluster Munitions, nature of the presence of the international community, Recognizing the continuing threats posed by the Taliban, Expressing its serious concern about the security situation Al-Qaida and other violent and extremist groups, as well as in Afghanistan, in particular the ongoing violent and terror- the challenges related to the e€orts to address such threats, ist activities by the Taliban, Al-Qaida, other illegal armed Expressing its serious concern about the increased high groups and criminals, including those involved in the nar- number of civilian casualties in Afghanistan, in particular cotics trade, as described in the reports of the Secretary- casualties among women and children, the increasingly large General since the adoption of resolution 1943(2010), and majority of which are caused by the Taliban, Al-Qaida and the strong links between terrorism activities and illicit other violent and extremist groups, rea‰rming that all par- drugs, resulting in threats to the local population, includ- ties to armed con+ict must take all feasible steps to ensure ing children, as well as to the national security forces and the protection of a€ected civilians, especially women, chil- international military and civilian personnel, dren and displaced persons, calling for all parties to comply Welcoming the e€orts of the Government of Afghanistan with their obligations under international humanitarian and to update and improve the National Drug Control Strategy, human rights law and for all appropriate measures to be with a particular emphasis on a partnership approach to taken to ensure the protection of civilians, recognizing the ensure joint, e€ective implementation and coordination, importance of the ongoing monitoring of and reporting to encouraging the International Security Assistance Force to the Security Council, including by the International further e€ectively support, within its designated responsi- Security Assistance Force, on the situation of civilians and, bilities, Afghan-led sustained e€orts to address drug pro- in particular, civilian casualties, and noting in this regard duction and tra‰cking, in cooperation with relevant in- the work of the Force’s Civilian Casualty Tracking Cell, ternational and regional actors, and recognizing the threat Taking note of the further progress made by the Inter- posed by illicit drug production, trade and tra‰cking to national Security Assistance Force and other international international peace and stability in di€erent regions of the forces in minimizing civilian casualties, as recognized in world, and the important role played by the United Nations the 2011 midyear report of the United Nations Assistance O‰ce on Drugs and Crime in this regard, Mission in Afghanistan on the protection of civilians in Expressing its concern over the harmful consequences of armed con+ict, urging the International Security Assis- violent and terrorist activities by the Taliban, Al-Qaida and tance Force and other international forces to continue to other violent and extremist groups on the capacity of the undertake enhanced e€orts to prevent civilian casualties, Government of Afghanistan to guarantee the rule of law, including the increased focus on protecting the Afghan to provide security and basic services to the Afghan people population as a central element of the mission, and noting and to ensure the full enjoyment of their human rights and the importance of conducting continuous reviews of tactics fundamental freedoms, and procedures and after-action reviews and investigations Reiterating its support for the continuing endeavours of in cooperation with the Government of Afghanistan in the Government of Afghanistan, with the assistance of cases where civilian casualties have occurred and when the the international community, including the International Government nds these joint investigations appropriate, Security Assistance Force and the Operation Enduring Expressing its strong concern about the recruitment and Freedom coalition, to improve the security situation and use of children by Taliban forces in Afghanistan as well as to continue to address the threat posed by the Taliban, Al- the killing and maiming of children as a result of the con- Qaida and other violent and extremist groups, and stressing +ict, supporting the decree by the Minister of the Interior in this context the need for sustained international e€orts, of 6 July 2011 rea‰rming the commitment of the Govern- including those of the Force and the coalition, ment of Afghanistan to preventing violations of the rights 334 Part One: Political and security questions of the child, welcoming the establishment of the Inter- Stressing the importance of a comprehensive political Ministerial Steering Committee for the Protection of the process in Afghanistan to support reconciliation for all Rights of Children and the subsequent signing by the those who are prepared to meet the conditions for recon- Government of an action plan, and the annexes thereto, ciliation in the Kabul Conference communiqué supported on children associated with national security forces in Af- by the Government of Afghanistan and the international ghanistan, and calling for the full implementation of the community, with full respect for the implementation of provisions of the action plan, in close cooperation with the measures and application of the procedures introduced by United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan, the Council in its resolutions 1267(1999) and 1988(2011) Acknowledging the progress made and the challenges as well as other relevant resolutions of the Council, calling remaining in security sector reform and governance, upon all relevant States to remain engaged in the peace welcoming the support and assistance extended to the process, and recognizing the impact terrorist attacks have Afghan National Police by the international partners in on the Afghan people and risk having on future prospects this regard, in particular the continued commitment of for a peace settlement, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization Training Mis- Recognizing that an increased number of Taliban have sion–Afghanistan, the European Gendarmerie Force con- reconciled with the Government of Afghanistan, have re- tribution to this mission and assistance extended to the jected the terrorist ideology of Al-Qaida and its followers Afghan National Police, including through the European and support a peaceful resolution to the continuing con+ict Union Police Mission in Afghanistan and, in the context in Afghanistan, recognizing also that notwithstanding of transition, welcoming the increased capacities and ca- the evolution of the situation in Afghanistan and progress pabilities of the Afghan National Security Forces, stress- in reconciliation, security remains a serious challenge in ing the need for Afghanistan, together with international Afghanistan and the region, donors, to further strengthen the Afghan National Army Recognizing also the increased number of reintegrees who and the Afghan National Police, and urging, inter alia, have joined the Afghan Peace and Reintegration Programme, continued professional training measures to ensure Afghan welcoming the results of the review conference of the Pro- capability to assume, in a sustainable manner, increasing gramme held in May 2011 and recent e€orts to ensure its responsibilities and leadership of security operations and implementation, encouraging further e€orts to address re- maintain public order, law enforcement, the security of maining operational challenges, including through an ap- Afghanistan’s borders and the preservation of the consti- propriate vetting mechanism, and further encouraging the tutional rights of Afghan citizens, as well as to increase international community to support this Afghan-led e€ort, Welcoming the settlement of the institutional impasse af- its e€orts in the disbandment of illegal armed groups and ter the decision to leave the Independent Electoral Commis- counter-narcotics, as outlined in the London Conference sion with the nal authority in electoral questions, reiterating and Kabul Conference communiqués, the commitment of the Government of Afghanistan in the , in this context, the importance of further Stressing Kabul Conference communiqué to address long-term elec- progress by the Government of Afghanistan in ending im- toral reform, based on lessons learned in previous elections, punity and strengthening judicial institutions, in the re- including the 2010 parliamentary elections, and rea‰rm- construction and reform of the prison sector, and the rule ing that Afghanistan’s peaceful future lies in the building of law and respect for human rights within Afghanistan, of a stable, secure, economically self-su‰cient State, free of including for women and girls, and, in particular, women’s terrorism and narcotics, based on strengthened democratic rights under the Constitution to fully participate in the institutions, respect for the separation of powers, reinforced political, economic and social spheres of Afghan life, constitutional checks and balances and the guarantee and Reiterating its call upon all Afghan parties and groups enforcement of citizens’ rights and obligations, to engage constructively in peaceful political dialogue Recognizing the importance of the contribution of neigh- within the framework of the Afghan Constitution, to work bouring and regional partners as well as regional organiza- together with international donors for the socioeconomic tions, including the European Union, the Organization for development of the country and to avoid resorting to vio- Security and Cooperation in Europe, the Shanghai Coopera- lence, including through the use of illegal armed groups, tion Organization, the Collective Security Treaty Organiza- supporting the aims of the High Peace Council, tion and the South Asian Association for Regional Coopera- Strongly condemning the assassination of Professor tion, to the stabilization of Afghanistan, stressing the crucial Burhanuddin Rabbani, Chairman of the High Peace importance of advancing regional cooperation as an e€ective Council, emphasizing the importance of all States with rel- means to promote security, governance and development in evant information extending to the Afghan authorities the Afghanistan, and welcoming and supporting increased re- assistance they may need and all relevant information they gional e€orts towards the continued implementation of pre- may possess pertaining to this terrorist attack, stressing the vious declarations of good-neighbourly relations, need for calm and solidarity in Afghanistan at this time Welcoming the e€orts of the international community and for all parties to reduce tensions, and reiterating its rm carried out to strengthen the coherence of military and commitment to support the Government of Afghanistan in civilian actions, including those within the framework of its e€orts to advance the peace and reconciliation process, the International Security Assistance Force, in line with the Kabul Conference communiqué and within Welcoming also the continued coordination between the the framework of the Afghan Constitution and application International Security Assistance Force and the Operation of the procedures introduced by the Security Council in its Enduring Freedom coalition, and in-theatre cooperation resolution 1988(2011) as well as other relevant resolutions established between the Force and the European Union of the Council, presence in Afghanistan, Chapter IV: Asia and the Pacic 335

Expressing its appreciation for the leadership provided by Freedom coalition, in the implementation of the mandate the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and for the con- of the Force; tributions of many nations to the International Security 7. Requests the leadership of the International Security Assistance Force and to the Operation Enduring Freedom Assistance Force to keep the Council regularly informed, coalition, which operates within the framework of the through the Secretary-General, on the implementation counter-terrorism operations in Afghanistan and in accor- of its mandate, including through the timely provision of dance with the applicable rules of international law, quarterly reports; Determining that the situation in Afghanistan still 8. Decides to remain actively seized of the matter. constitutes a threat to international peace and security, Determined to ensure the full implementation of the Children and armed con!ict mandate of the International Security Assistance Force, in coordination with the Government of Afghanistan, Acting , for these reasons, under Chapter VII of the Report of Secretary-General (February). In Charter, accordance with Security Council resolution 1. Decides to extend the authorization of the Interna- 1612(2005) [YUN 2005, p. 863] , the Secretary-General, tional Security Assistance Force, as dened in resolutions in February, submitted his second country report 1386(2001) and 1510(2003), for a period of twelve months, [S/2011/55] on children and armed con+ict in Afghani- until 13 October 2012; stan, covering the period from 1 September 2008 to 2. Authorizes the Member States participating in the 30 August 2010. He stated that 2010 was the most International Security Assistance Force to take all necessary volatile year in security terms since the fall of the Tali- measures to full its mandate; 3. Recognizes the need for the International Security ban in 2001. During the reporting period, 1,795 chil- Assistance Force to meet all its operational requirements, dren were injured or killed because of con+ict-related welcomes the agreement between the Government of Af- violence, although the gures were assumed to be ghanistan and countries contributing to the Force to gradu- underreported as access to con+ict-a€ected areas re- ally transfer lead security responsibility in Afghanistan to mained di‰cult. Children continued to be casualties the Government country-wide by the end of 2014, and the of suicide attacks, improvised explosive devices and start of the transition process in July 2011, and calls upon rocket attacks by armed groups, including the Tali- Member States to contribute personnel, equipment and ban. ey were also victims of air strikes and night other resources to the Force and to continue to pursue their searches by pro-Government forces. In addition, 568 e€orts to support security and stability in Afghanistan; 4. Welcomes the Enduring Partnership Declaration children were injured or killed as a result of landmines agreed by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and and other explosive remnants of war. the Government of Afghanistan at the Lisbon summit in Sexual violence in Afghanistan, including against November 2010 and, in particular, the intention expressed children, was pervasive and mostly underreported. therein to provide, within the framework of the Enduring Isolated reports were received of sexual violence com- Partnership, sustained practical support aimed at improv- mitted against children by members of the Afghan ing and sustaining Afghanistan’s capacity and capability to National Security Forces. Moreover, there continued tackle continued threats to its security, stability and integ- rity, and to contribute to the security of the region through to be reports of children, especially boys, being sexu- the stabilization of the situation in Afghanistan; ally abused and exploited by armed groups, including 5. Stresses the importance of increasing, within a com- through the practice of baccha baazi (dancing boys). prehensive framework, the functionality, professionalism Child sexual abuse, against both girls and boys, was and accountability of the Afghan security sector, encour- not clearly dened as a crime in Afghan law and per- ages the International Security Assistance Force and other petrators of such violations were rarely held account- partners to sustain their e€orts, as resources permit, to able. A total of 77 cases of abducted children, both train, mentor and empower the Afghan National Security boys and girls, were reported to the Country Task Forces in order to accelerate progress towards the goal of self-su‰cient, sustainable, accountable and ethnically bal- Force for Monitoring and Reporting during the re- anced Afghan security forces providing security and ensur- porting period. ere were a variety of reasons for ing the rule of law throughout the country, welcomes the abduction by armed groups, including retaliation, increasing leadership role played by the Afghan authori- recruitment, ransom, and to pressure an exchange or ties in security responsibilities throughout the country, release of certain individuals detained by the authori- and stresses the importance of supporting the planned ties. Attacks on schools and hospitals, including dam- expansion of the Afghan National Army and the Afghan age to schools, killing and injury of students and edu- National Police; cation personnel, threats and intimidation, and forced 6. Calls upon the International Security Assistance school closures, also increased. Most incidents were Force and the Senior Civilian Representative of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization to continue to work in close perpetrated by armed opposition groups, but also by consultation with the Government of Afghanistan and communal and traditional elements opposed to girls’ the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for education. e recruitment and use of children by Afghanistan in accordance with Security Council resolu- parties to the con+ict was observed throughout the tion 1974(2011), as well as with the Operation Enduring country. While many cases reported by the media 336 Part One: Political and security questions and other sources could not be conrmed owing to Sanctions access and security considerations, the Country Task Force for Monitoring and Reporting veried 26 out UN sanctions-related activities were guided by of 47 reported incidents that provided evidence that the measures adopted by Security Council resolution children were recruited by armed groups as well as 1904(2009) [YUN 2009, p. 355] and previous resolu- by Afghan National Security Forces, including the tions against Osama bin Laden, Al-Qaida, the Tali- Afghan National Police. Cases of children who car- ban, their associates and associated entities, which ried out suicide attacks or who were used to plant further rened the nancial measures, travel ban and explosives were reported. Children continued to be arms embargo imposed on those persons identied in detained for alleged association with armed groups the consolidated list created in accordance with reso- in international military forces detention facilities in lution 1267(1999) [YUN 1999, p. 265] . e Al-Qaida contravention of international law. and Taliban Sanctions Committee, established by e Secretary-General’s Special Representative for resolution 1267(1999), oversaw the implementation Children and Armed Con+ict, Radhika Coomara- of those measures. swamy (Sri Lanka), visited Afghanistan from 20 to On 2 May [SG/SM/13535] , the Secretary-General 26 February 2010 to follow up on the 2009 conclu- said that the death of Osama bin Laden marked a sions of the Security Council Working Group on watershed moment in the global ght against ter- Children and Armed Con+ict [YUN 2009, p. 351] . She rorism. On the same date, by presidential statement noted the political will expressed by the Government S/PRST/2011/9 (see p. 52), the Council welcomed to protect children and to heed the conclusions. She the news that bin Laden would never again be able to also noted the productive engagement of the ‚ƒ„ / perpetrate acts of terrorism. United States Forces Joint Commander and the ‡„!* Senior Civilian Representative on protection of chil- Separation of Al-Qaida dren in con+ict through continued review of tactics and Taliban sanctions regime and procedures, and post-incident investigations. e Secretary-General acknowledged that progress On 17 June, the Security Council adopted reso- had been made since the previous reporting period, lution 1989(2011) (see p. 341), which changed the especially in terms of dialogue with the Government scope of the Committee’s mandate, focusing it ex- on the protection of children. He welcomed the Gov- clusively on Al-Qaida and associated individuals and ernment’s commitment to signing an Action Plan entities. In the light of the change, the Council, on against recruitment and use of children in the Afghan 30 June, changed the name of the Committee to National Security Forces, with annexes on sexual vio- “Security Council Committee pursuant to resolutions lence against children and the killing and maiming of 1267(1999) and 1989(2011) concerning Al-Qaida children. A number of initiatives had taken place to and associated individuals and entities” (Al-Qaida address the violations and abuses committed against Sanctions Committee). children a€ected by con+ict in Afghanistan, includ- In its resolutions 1988(2011) (see p. 337) and ing: legal aid for children, including for children— 1989(2011), the Council also decided to separate the supported by the United Nations Children’s Fund former Al-Qaida/Taliban “Consolidated List” into —detained on charges of alleged association with two lists. e Al-Qaida Sanctions List, therefore, in- armed groups; negotiations by relevant organizations cluded only the names of “those individuals, groups, with the Government, armed opposition groups and undertakings and entities associated with Al-Qaida”. community elders to facilitate health-care access and e names of Taliban individuals, formerly included delivery; negotiation towards community-based pro- on the Consolidated List, were transferred to the tection of schools; and support to schools. e report sanctions regime established pursuant to resolution concluded with recommendations to national and international actors to strengthen the protection of 1988(2011). war-a€ected children in Afghanistan. In 2011, Peter Wittig (Germany) was the Chair- Working Group conclusions. Having examined man of both Committees, which were assisted by an the Secretary-General’s second country report (see Analytical Support and Sanctions Monitoring Team above) on 25 February, the Security Council Work- established by Council resolution 1526(2004) [YUN ing Group on Children and Armed Con+ict in May 2004, p. 332] and extended by resolution 1989(2011). submitted its conclusions on children and armed e O‰ce of the Ombudsperson, established by con+ict in Afghanistan [S/AC.51/2011/3] , including its Council resolution 1904(2009) [YUN 2009, p. 355] to recommendations. On 2 June, the Security Council assist the Al-Qaida and Taliban Sanctions Committee President transmitted to the Secretary-General a let- in considering requests for delisting and in addressing ter [S/2011/339] from the Chairman of the Working the right of a listed individual to a review of the list- Group based on its conclusions. ing by an independent mechanism, had its mandate Chapter IV: Asia and the Pacic 337 extended by Council resolution 1989(2011) to assist tional peace and security, and rea‰rming the need to com- the newly established Al-Qaida Sanctions Commit- bat this threat by all means, in accordance with the Char- tee. On 30 June [S/2011/404] , the Secretary-General ter of the United Nations and international law, including informed the Council that he had reappointed Kim- applicable human rights, refugee and humanitarian law, stressing in this regard the important role that the United berly Prost (Canada) to serve as Ombudsperson until Nations plays in this e€ort, 31 December 2012. Recalling that the conditions for reconciliation, open to all Afghans, set forth in the Kabul communiqué of 20 July SECURITY COUNCIL ACTION 2010, supported by the Government of Afghanistan and On 17 June 2011 [meeting 6557] , the Security Council the international community, include the renunciation of violence, no links to international terrorist organizations, unanimously adopted resolution 1988(2011) . e and respect for the Afghan Constitution, including the draft [S/2011/368] was submitted by France, Germany, rights of women and persons belonging to minorities, Portugal, the United Kingdom and the United States. Stressing the importance of all individuals, groups, un- e Security Council , dertakings and entities participating, by any means, in the nancing or support of acts or activities of those previ- Recalling its previous resolutions on international terror- ously designated as the Taliban, as well as those individu- ism and the threat it poses to Afghanistan, in particular als, groups, undertakings and entities associated with the resolutions 1267(1999) of 15 October 1999, 1333(2000) Taliban in constituting a threat to the peace, stability of 19 December 2000, 1363(2001) of 30 July 2001, and security of Afghanistan, accepting the Government of 1373(2001) of 28 September 2001, 1390(2002) of 16 Janu- Afghanistan’s o€er of reconciliation, ary 2002, 1452(2002) of 20 December 2002, 1455(2003) Taking note of the request by the Government of Af- of 17 January 2003, 1526(2004) of 30 January 2004, ghanistan that the Security Council support national rec- 1566(2004) of 8 October 2004, 1617(2005) of 29 July onciliation by removing Afghan names from the United 2005, 1624(2005) of 14 September 2005, 1699(2006) Nations sanctions lists for those who respect the conditions of 8 August 2006, 1730(2006) of 19 December 2006, for reconciliation and, therefore, have ceased to engage in 1735(2006) of 22 December 2006, 1822(2008) of 30 June or support activities that threaten the peace, stability and 2008 and 1904(2009) of 17 December 2009, and the security of Afghanistan, relevant statements by its President, Welcoming the results of the Consultative Peace Jirga, Recalling also its previous resolutions in which it ex- held from 2 to 4 June 2010, in which 1,600 Afghan del- tended until 23 March 2012 the mandate of the United egates, representing a broad cross-section of all Afghan Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan as established ethnic and religious groups, government o‰cials, religious by resolution 1974(2011) of 22 March 2011, scholars, tribal leaders, civil society and Afghan refugees Rea!rming that the situation in Afghanistan still con- residing in the Islamic Republic of Iran and Pakistan, dis- stitutes a threat to international peace and security, and cussed an end to insecurity and developed a plan for lasting expressing its strong concern about the security situation in peace in the country, Afghanistan, in particular the ongoing violent and terrorist Welcoming also the establishment of the High Peace activities by the Taliban, Al-Qaida, illegal armed groups, Council and its outreach e€orts, both within and outside criminals and those involved in the narcotics trade, and the Afghanistan, strong links between terrorism activities and illicit drugs, Stressing the central and impartial role that the United resulting in threats to the local population, including chil- Nations continues to play in promoting peace, stability and dren, national security forces and international military security in Afghanistan, and expressing its appreciation and civilian personnel, and strong support for the ongoing e€orts of the Secretary- Rea!rming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, General, his Special Representative for Afghanistan independence, territorial integrity and national unity of and the Mission’s Salaam Support Group to assist the peace Afghanistan, and reconciliation e€orts of the High Peace Council, Stressing the importance of a comprehensive political Reiterating its support for the ght against the illicit process in Afghanistan to support reconciliation among all production of and tra‰cking in drugs from, and chemi- Afghans, and recognizing that there is no purely military cal precursors to, Afghanistan, in neighbouring countries, solution that will ensure the stability of Afghanistan, countries on tra‰cking routes, drug destination countries Recalling the Government of Afghanistan’s strong desire to and precursor-producing countries, seek national reconciliation, as set forth in the Bonn Agree- Expressing concern at the increase in incidents of kid- ment of 5 December 2001, at the London Conference on napping and hostage-taking with the aim of raising funds Afghanistan, held on 28 January 2010, and at the Kabul In- or gaining political concessions, and expressing the need for ternational Conference on Afghanistan, held on 20 July 2010, this issue to be addressed, Recognizing that the security situation in Afghanistan has Reiterating the need to ensure that the present sanctions evolved and that some members of the Taliban have recon- regime contributes e€ectively to ongoing e€orts to combat ciled with the Government of Afghanistan, have rejected the the insurgency and support the work of the Government terrorist ideology of Al-Qaida and its followers and support a of Afghanistan to advance reconciliation in order to bring peaceful resolution to the continuing con+ict in Afghanistan, about peace, stability and security in Afghanistan, and con- Recognizing also that, notwithstanding the evolution of sidering the deliberations of the Security Council Commit- the situation in Afghanistan and progress in reconciliation, tee established pursuant to resolution 1267(1999) on the the situation in Afghanistan remains a threat to interna- recommendation of its Analytical Support and Sanctions 338 Part One: Political and security questions

Monitoring Team, in its eleventh report to the Committee, further that all States shall take the measures set forth in that Member States treat listed Taliban and listed individu- paragraph 1 above against those listed individuals, groups, als and entities of Al-Qaida and its a‰liates di€erently undertakings and entities; in promoting peace and stability in Afghanistan, 3. Decides further that the acts or activities indicating Reaffirming international support for Afghan-led that an individual, group, undertaking or entity is eligible reconciliation e€orts, and expressing its intention to give for designation under paragraph 1 above include: due regard to lifting sanctions on those who reconcile, (a) Participating in the nancing, planning, facilitat- Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter, ing, preparing or perpetrating of acts or activities by, Measures in conjunction with, under the name of, on behalf of, or in support of; 1. Decides that all States shall take the following mea- (b) Supplying, selling or transferring arms and related sures with respect to individuals and entities designated prior materiel to; to this date as the Taliban, and other individuals, groups, undertakings and entities associated with them, as specied (c) Recruiting for; or in section A (“Individuals associated with the Taliban”) and (d) Otherwise supporting acts or activities of those section B (“Entities and other groups and undertakings as- designated and other individuals, groups, undertakings sociated with the Taliban”) of the Consolidated List of the and entities associated with the Taliban in constituting a Committee, established pursuant to resolutions 1267(1999) threat to the peace, stability and security of Afghanistan; and 1333(2000) as of the date of adoption of the present 4. A!rms that any undertaking or entity owned or resolution, as well as other individuals, groups, undertakings controlled, directly or indirectly by, or otherwise support- and entities associated with the Taliban in constituting a ing, such an individual, group, undertaking or entity on threat to the peace, stability and security of Afghanistan as the List shall be eligible for designation; designated by the Committee established pursuant to para- 5. Notes that such means of nancing or support in- graph 30 below (hereinafter known as “the List”): clude but are not limited to the use of proceeds derived (a) Freeze without delay the funds and other nancial from illicit cultivation and production of and tra‰cking assets or economic resources of those individuals, groups, in narcotic drugs and their precursors originating in and undertakings and entities, including funds derived from transiting through Afghanistan; property owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by 6. Con"rms that the requirements in paragraph 1 ( a) them or by persons acting on their behalf or at their direc- above apply to nancial and economic resources of every tion, and ensure that neither these nor any other funds, kind, including but not limited to those used for the pro- nancial assets or economic resources are made available, vision of Internet hosting or related services, used for the directly or indirectly, for the benet of such persons by their support of the Taliban on the List, and other individuals, nationals or by persons within their territories; groups, undertakings and entities associated with them, as (b) Prevent the entry into or transit through their ter- well as other individuals, groups, undertakings and entities ritories of those individuals, provided that nothing in the associated with the Taliban in constituting a threat to the present paragraph shall oblige any State to deny entry into peace, stability and security of Afghanistan and other or require the departure from its territories of its own na- individuals, groups, undertakings or entities associated tionals and that the present paragraph shall not apply where with them; entry or transit is necessary for the fullment of a judicial 7. Confirms also that the requirements in para- process, or the Committee determines on a case-by-case graph 1 ( a) above shall also apply to the payment of ransoms basis only that entry or transit is justied, including where to individuals, groups, undertakings or entities on the List; this directly relates to supporting e€orts by the Govern- 8. Decides that Member States may permit the ad- ment of Afghanistan to promote reconciliation; dition to accounts frozen pursuant to the provisions of (c) Prevent the direct or indirect supply, sale or transfer paragraph 1 above of any payment in favour of listed in- to those individuals, groups, undertakings and entities, from dividuals, groups, undertakings or entities, provided that their territories or by their nationals outside their territories, any such payments continue to be subject to the provisions or using their +ag vessels or aircraft, of arms and related in paragraph 1 above and are frozen; materiel of all types, including weapons and ammunition, 9. Decides also that all Member States may make use military vehicles and equipment, paramilitary equipment, of the provisions set out in paragraphs 1 and 2 of resolution and spare parts for the aforementioned, and technical 1452(2002), as amended by resolution 1735(2006), regard- advice, assistance or training related to military activities; ing available exemptions with regard to the measures in para- 2. Decides also that those previously designated as the graph 1 ( a) above, and encourages their use by Member States; Taliban, and other individuals, groups, undertakings and entities associated with them, whose names were inscribed Listing in section A (“Individuals associated with the Taliban”) and 10. Encourages all Member States to submit to the section B (“Entities and other groups and undertakings as- Committee established pursuant to paragraph 30 below sociated with the Taliban”) of the Consolidated List main- (“the Committee”) for inclusion on the List names of indi- tained by the Security Council Committee established pur- viduals, groups, undertakings and entities participating, by suant to resolution 1267(1999) concerning Al-Qaida and any means, in the nancing or support of acts or activities the Taliban and associated individuals and entities on the described in paragraph 3 above; date of adoption of the present resolution shall no longer 11. Decides that, when proposing names to the Com- be a part of the Consolidated List, but shall henceforth be mittee for inclusion on the List, Member States shall pro- on the List described in paragraph 1 above, and decides vide the Committee with as much relevant information Chapter IV: Asia and the Pacic 339 as possible on the proposed name, in particular su‰cient 20. Decides that individuals and entities seeking re- identifying information to allow for the accurate and posi- moval from the List without the sponsorship of a Member tive identication of individuals, groups, undertakings State are eligible to submit such requests to the Focal Point and entities, and to the extent possible, the information mechanism established in resolution 1730(2006); required by the International Criminal Police Organization 21. Encourages the Mission to support and facilitate (‚‡!$@\*]) to issue a Special Notice; cooperation between the Government of Afghanistan and 12. Decides also that, when proposing names to the the Committee to ensure that the Committee has su‰cient Committee for inclusion on the List, Member States shall also information to consider de-listing requests, and directs the provide a detailed statement of case, and that the statement Committee established pursuant to paragraph 30 of the of case shall be releasable, upon request, except for the parts present resolution to consider de-listing requests in accor- that a Member State identies as being condential to the dance with the following principles, where relevant: Committee, and may be used to develop the narrative sum- (a) De-listing requests concerning reconciled individ- mary of reasons for listing described in paragraph 13 below; uals should, if possible, include a communication from the 13. Directs the Committee, with the assistance of the High Peace Council through the Government of Afghani- Analytical Support and Sanctions Monitoring Team and in stan conrming the reconciled status of the individual ac- coordination with the relevant designating States, to make cording to the reconciliation guidelines, or, in the case of accessible on the Committee website, at the same time that individuals reconciled under the Strengthening Peace Pro- a name is added to the List, a narrative summary of reasons gramme, documentation attesting to their reconciliation for listing for the corresponding entry; under the previous programme, as well as current address 14. Calls upon all members of the Committee and the and contact information; Monitoring Team to share with the Committee any infor- (b) De-listing requests concerning individuals who mation they may have available regarding a listing request formerly held positions in the Taliban regime prior to 2002 from a Member State so that this information may help to who no longer meet the listing criteria outlined in para- inform the decision of the Committee on designation and graph 3 of the present resolution should, if possible, include provide additional material for the narrative summary of a communication from the Government of Afghanistan reasons for listing described in paragraph 13 above; conrming that the individual is not an active supporter 15. the Secretariat to publish on the Commit- Requests of, or participant in, acts that threaten the peace, stability tee website all relevant publicly releasable information, in- and security of Afghanistan, as well as current address and cluding the narrative summary of reasons for listing, imme- contact information; diately after a name is added to the List, and highlights the ( ) De-listing requests for reportedly deceased indi- importance of making the narrative summary of reasons c for listing available in all o‰cial languages of the United viduals should include an o‰cial statement of death from Nations in a timely manner; the State of nationality, residence or other relevant State; 16. Calls upon Member States, when considering the 22. Requests all Member States, but particularly the proposal of a new designation, to consult with the Govern- Government of Afghanistan, to inform the Committee ment of Afghanistan on the designation prior to submission if they become aware of any information indicating that to the Committee, where appropriate, and encourages all an individual, group, undertaking or entity that has been Member States considering the proposal of a new desig- de-listed should be considered for designation under para- nation to seek advice from the United Nations Assistance graph 1 of the present resolution, and further requests that Mission in Afghanistan, where appropriate; the Government provide to the Committee an annual re- 17. Decides that the Committee shall, after publication port on the status of reportedly reconciled individuals who but within three working days after a name is added to the have been de-listed by the Committee in the previous year; List, notify the Government of Afghanistan, the Permanent 23. Directs the Committee to consider expeditiously Mission of Afghanistan and the Permanent Mission of the any information indicating that a de-listed individual has State(s) where the individual or entity is believed to be lo- returned to activities set forth in paragraph 3 of the present cated and, in the case of non-Afghan individuals or entities, resolution, including by engaging in acts inconsistent with the State(s) of which the person is believed to be a national; the reconciliation conditions outlined in paragraph 18 of the De-listing present resolution, and requests the Government of Afghan- 18. Directs the Committee to remove expeditiously on a istan or other Member States, where appropriate, to submit case-by-case basis individuals and entities that no longer meet a request to add that individual’s name back on the List; the listing criteria outlined in paragraph 3 above, and requests 24. Decides that the Secretariat shall, as soon as pos- that the Committee give due regard to requests for removal sible after the Committee has made a decision to remove a of individuals who meet the reconciliation conditions agreed name from the List, transmit the decision to the Govern- to by the Government of Afghanistan and the international ment of Afghanistan and the Permanent Mission of Af- community, which include the renunciation of violence, ghanistan for notication, and the Secretariat should also, no links to international terrorist organizations, including as soon as possible, notify the Permanent Mission of the Al-Qaida, or any cell, a‰liate, splinter group or derivative State(s) in which the individual or entity is believed to be thereof, and respect for the Afghan Constitution, including located and, in the case of non-Afghan individuals or en- the rights of women and persons belonging to minorities; tities, the State(s) of nationality, and decides further that 19. Calls upon Member States to coordinate their States receiving such notication shall take measures, in de-listing requests, as appropriate, with the Government accordance with domestic laws and practices, to notify or of Afghanistan to ensure coordination with the peace and inform the concerned individual or entity of the de-listing reconciliation e€orts of the Government; in a timely manner; 340 Part One: Political and security questions

Review and maintenance of the List section A (“Individuals associated with the Taliban”) and 25. Recognizes that the ongoing con+ict in Afghani- section B (“Entities and other groups and undertakings as- stan, and the urgency that the Government of Afghanistan sociated with the Taliban”) of the Consolidated List that and the international community attach to a peaceful po- were pending before the Committee established pursuant litical solution to the con+ict, requires timely and expedi- to resolution 1267(1999) concerning Al-Qaida and the tious modications to the List, including the addition and Taliban and associated individuals and entities as of the removal of individuals and entities, urges the Committee date of adoption of the present resolution; to decide on de-listing requests in a timely manner, requests (c) To update regularly the List referred to in para- the Committee to review each entry on the List on a regu- graph 1 above; lar basis, including, as appropriate, by means of reviews of (d) To make accessible on the Committee website individuals considered to be reconciled, individuals whose narrative summaries of reasons for listing for all entries on entries lack identiers, individuals reportedly deceased, and the List; entities reported or conrmed to have ceased to exist, di- (e) To review the names on the List; rects the Committee to establish guidelines for such reviews (f ) To make periodic reports to the Council on in- accordingly, and requests the Monitoring Team to circulate formation submitted to the Committee regarding the im- to the Committee every six months: plementation of the present resolution, including regarding non-compliance with the measures imposed by the resolution; (a) A list of individuals on the List whom the Govern- (g) To ensure that fair and clear procedures exist for ment of Afghanistan considers to be reconciled along with placing individuals and entities on the List and for remov- relevant documentation as outlined in paragraph 21 ( a) above; ing them as well as for granting humanitarian exemptions; (b) A list of individuals and entities on the List whose (h) To examine the reports presented by the Monitor- entries lack identiers necessary to ensure e€ective imple- ing Team; mentation of the measures imposed upon them; and (i) To monitor implementation of the measures (c) A list of individuals on the List who are reportedly imposed in paragraph 1 above; deceased and entities that are reported or conrmed to have (j) To consider requests for exemptions in accordance ceased to exist, along with the documentation requirements with paragraphs 1 and 9 above; outlined in paragraph 21 ( c) above; (k) To establish such guidelines as may be necessary 26. Urges the Committee to ensure that there are fair to facilitate the implementation of the measures imposed and clear procedures for the conduct of its work, and directs above; the Committee to establish guidelines accordingly, as soon (l) To encourage a dialogue between the Committee as possible, in particular with respect to paragraphs 9, 10, and interested Member States, in particular those in the 11, 12, 17, 20, 21, 24, 25 and 27 of the present resolution; region, including by inviting representatives of such States 27. Encourages Member States and relevant interna- to meet with the Committee to discuss implementation of tional organizations to send representatives to meet with the measures; the Committee to share information and discuss any (m) To seek from all States whatever information it relevant issues, and welcomes periodic briengs from the may consider useful regarding the actions taken by them to Government of Afghanistan on the impact of targeted sanc- implement e€ectively the measures imposed above; tions on deterring threats to the peace, stability and security (n) To examine and take appropriate action on infor- of Afghanistan and supporting Afghan-led reconciliation; mation regarding alleged violations or non-compliance with the measures contained in the present resolution; Cooperation with the Government of Afghanistan (o) To facilitate, through the Monitoring Team and 28. Encourages continued cooperation between the specialized United Nations agencies, assistance in capacity- Committee, the Government of Afghanistan and the Mis- building for enhancing implementation of the measures, sion, including by identifying and providing detailed in- upon request by Member States; and formation regarding individuals and entities participating (p) To cooperate with other relevant Security Council in the nancing or support of acts or activities set forth sanctions committees, in particular the Committee in paragraph 3 of the present resolution, and by inviting established pursuant to resolution 1267(1999); representatives of the Mission to address the Committee; Monitoring Team 29. Welcomes the Government of Afghanistan’s desire 31. Decides also , in order to assist the Committee in ful- to assist the Committee in the coordination of listing and lling its mandate, that the Monitoring Team of the Com- de-listing requests and in the submission of all relevant mittee established pursuant to resolution 1267(1999), estab- information to the Committee; lished pursuant to paragraph 7 of resolution 1526(2004), New sanctions committee shall also support the Committee for a period of eighteen 30. Decides to establish, in accordance with rule 28 months, with the mandate set forth in the annex to the pre- of its provisional rules of procedure, a Committee of the sent resolution, and requests the Secretary-General to make Security Council consisting of all the members of the any necessary arrangements to this e€ect; Council (“the Committee”), to undertake the following tasks: Coordination and outreach (a) To consider listing requests, de-listing requests and 32. Recognizes the need to maintain contact with rel- proposed updates to the existing information relevant to evant Security Council committees, international organiza- the List referred to in paragraph 1 above; tions and expert groups, including the Committee estab- (b) To consider listing requests, de-listing requests and lished pursuant to resolution 1267(1999), the Committee proposed updates to the existing information relevant to established pursuant to resolution 1373(2001) concerning Chapter IV: Asia and the Pacic 341 counter-terrorism (the Counter-Terrorism Committee), the such as publicly reported information on a deceased United Nations O‰ce on Drugs and Crime, the Counter- individual; Terrorism Committee Executive Directorate and the Com- (i) To consult with Member States in advance of mittee established pursuant to resolution 1540(2004), travel to selected Member States, based on its programme particularly given the continuing presence and negative of work as approved by the Committee; in+uence on the Afghan con+ict of Al-Qaida and any cell, (j) To encourage Member States to submit names and a‰liate, splinter group or derivative thereof; additional identifying information for inclusion on the 33. Encourages the Mission to provide assistance to List, as instructed by the Committee; the High Peace Council, at its request, to encourage listed (k) To present to the Committee additional identify- individuals to reconcile; ing and other information to assist the Committee in its e€orts to keep the List as updated and accurate as possible; Reviews (l) To collate, assess, monitor and report on and make 34. Decides to review the implementation of the mea- recommendations regarding implementation of the measures, sures outlined in the present resolution in eighteen months to pursue case studies, as appropriate, and to explore in depth and make adjustments, as necessary, to support peace and any other relevant issues as directed by the Committee; stability in Afghanistan; (m) To consult with Member States and other relevant 35. Decides also to remain actively seized of the matter. organizations and bodies, including the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan, and engage in regular ANNEX dialogue with representatives in New York and in capitals, taking into account their comments, especially regarding In accordance with paragraph 31 of this resolution, the any issues that might be contained in the reports of the Monitoring Team shall operate under the direction of the Monitoring Team referred to in paragraph ( a) of this annex; Committee and shall have the following responsibilities: (n) To consult with Member States’ intelligence and se- (a) To submit, in writing, two comprehensive, inde- curity services, including through regional forums, in order pendent reports to the Committee, the rst by 31 March to facilitate the sharing of information and to strengthen 2012 and the second by 31 October 2012, on implementa- enforcement of the measures; tion by Member States of the measures referred to in para- (o) To consult with relevant representatives of the pri- graph 1 of this resolution, including specic recommen- vate sector, including nancial institutions, to learn about dations for improved implementation of the measures and the practical implementation of the assets freeze and to possible new measures; develop recommendations for the strengthening of that (b) To assist the Committee in regularly reviewing measure; names on the List, including by undertaking travel and (p) To work with relevant international and regional contact with Member States, with a view to developing the organizations in order to promote awareness of, and Committee’s record of the facts and circumstances relating compliance with, the measures; to a listing; (q) To work with ‚‡!$@\*] and Member States to ob- (c) To assist the Committee in following up on tain photographs of listed individuals for possible inclusion in ‚‡!$@\*] Special Notices; requests to Member States for information, including with (r) To assist other subsidiary bodies of the Security respect to implementation of the measures referred to in Council, and their expert panels, upon request, with paragraph 1 of this resolution; enhancing their cooperation with ‚‡!$@\*], referred to (d) To submit a comprehensive programme of work in resolution 1699(2006); to the Committee for its review and approval, as necessary, (s) To assist the Committee in facilitating assistance in which the Monitoring Team should detail the activities in capacity-building for enhancing implementation of the envisaged in order to full its responsibilities, including measures, upon request by Member States; proposed travel; (t) To report to the Committee, on a regular basis or (e) To assist the Committee with its analysis of non- when the Committee so requests, through oral and/or compliance with the measures referred to in paragraph 1 written briengs on the work of the Monitoring Team, of this resolution by collating information collected from including its visits to Member States and its activities; Member States and submitting case studies, both on its (u) To submit to the Committee within ninety days a own initiative and upon the Committee’s request, to the written report and recommendations on linkages between Committee for its review; those individuals, groups, undertakings and entities eligible (f ) To present to the Committee recommendations for designation under paragraph 1 of this resolution and which could be used by Member States to assist them Al-Qaida, with a particular focus on entries that appear on with the implementation of the measures referred to in both the Al-Qaida Sanctions List and the List referred paragraph 1 of this resolution and in preparing proposed to in paragraph 1 of this resolution, and thereafter submit additions to the List; such a report and recommendations periodically; and (g) To assist the Committee in its consideration of (v) Any other responsibility identied by the Com- proposals for listing, including by compiling and circulat- mittee. ing to the Committee information relevant to the proposed listing and preparing a draft narrative summary, referred to Also on 17 June [meeting 6557] , the Security Council in paragraph 13 of this resolution; unanimously adopted resolution 1989(2011) . e (h) To bring to the attention of the Committee new or draft [S/2011/369] was submitted by France, Germany, noteworthy circumstances that may warrant a de-listing, the United Kingdom and the United States. 342 Part One: Political and security questions

e Security Council , als and entities that no longer meet the criteria for listing Recalling its resolutions 1267(1999) of 15 October 1999, outlined in the present resolution, 1333(2000) of 19 December 2000, 1363(2001) of 30 July Recognizing the challenges, both legal and otherwise, to 2001, 1373(2001) of 28 September 2001, 1390(2002) the measures implemented by Member States under para- of 16 January 2002, 1452(2002) of 20 December 2002, graph 1 of the present resolution, welcoming improvements 1455(2003) of 17 January 2003, 1526(2004) of 30 Janu- to the procedures of the Committee and the quality of the ary 2004, 1566(2004) of 8 October 2004, 1617(2005) Consolidated List, and expressing its intention to continue of 29 July 2005, 1624(2005) of 14 September 2005, e€orts to ensure that procedures are fair and clear, 1699(2006) of 8 August 2006, 1730(2006) of 19 Decem- Welcoming in particular the successful completion of the ber 2006, 1735(2006) of 22 December 2006, 1822(2008) review of all names on the Consolidated List pursuant to of 30 June 2008, 1904(2009) of 17 December 2009 and paragraph 25 of resolution 1822(2008) and the signicant 1988(2011) of 17 June 2011, and the relevant statements progress made to enhance the integrity of the Consolidated by its President, List, Rea!rming that terrorism in all its forms and manifesta- Welcoming the establishment of the O‰ce of the Om- tions constitutes one of the most serious threats to peace budsperson pursuant to resolution 1904(2009) and the role and security and that any acts of terrorism are criminal and it has performed since its establishment, noting the impor- unjustiable regardless of their motivations, whenever and tant role of the Ombudsperson in improving fairness and by whomsoever committed, and reiterating its unequivocal transparency, recalling the rm commitment of the Coun- condemnation of Al-Qaida and other individuals, groups, cil to ensuring that the O‰ce is able to continue to carry undertakings and entities associated with it, for ongoing out its role e€ectively, in accordance with its mandate, and and multiple criminal terrorist acts aimed at causing the recalling also the statement by the President of the Council deaths of innocent civilians and other victims and the of 28 February 2011, destruction of property and greatly undermining stability, Reiterating that the measures referred to in paragraph 1 of Rea!rming also that terrorism cannot and should not the present resolution are preventative in nature and are not be associated with any religion, nationality or civilization, reliant upon criminal standards set out under national law, Recalling the statement by the President of the Security Council of 2 May 2011, which notes that Osama bin Laden Welcoming the second review in September 2010 by the will no longer be able to perpetrate acts of terrorism, General Assembly of the United Nations Global Counter- Terrorism Strategy of 8 September 2006 and the creation Rea!rming the need to combat by all means, in accor- of the Counter-Terrorism Implementation Task Force to dance with the Charter of the United Nations and interna- ensure overall coordination and coherence in the counter- tional law, including applicable international human rights, terrorism e€orts of the United Nations system, refugee and humanitarian law, threats to international peace and security caused by terrorist acts, stressing in this Welcoming also the continuing cooperation between the regard the important role that the United Nations plays in Committee and the International Criminal Police Organi- leading and coordinating this e€ort, zation (‚‡!$@\*]), the United Nations O‰ce on Drugs Expressing concern at the increase in incidents of kidnap- and Crime, in particular on technical assistance and capac- ping and hostage-taking by terrorist groups with the aim of ity-building, and all other United Nations bodies, and en- raising funds or gaining political concessions, and express- couraging further engagement with the Counter-Terrorism ing the need for this issue to be addressed, Implementation Task Force to ensure overall coordination and coherence in the counter-terrorism e€orts of the United Stressing that terrorism can only be defeated by a sus- tained and comprehensive approach involving the active Nations system, participation and collaboration of all States and interna- Recognizing the need to take measures to prevent and tional and regional organizations to impede, impair, isolate suppress the nancing of terrorism and terrorist organiza- and incapacitate the terrorist threat, tions, including from the proceeds of organized crime, inter Emphasizing that sanctions are an important tool under alia, the illicit production of and tra‰cking in drugs and the Charter in the maintenance and restoration of interna- their chemical precursors, and the importance of continued tional peace and security, and stressing in this regard the international cooperation with that aim, need for robust implementation of the measures in para- Noting with concern the continued threat to international graph 1 of the present resolution as a signicant tool in peace and security posed by Al-Qaida and other individu- combating terrorist activity, als, groups, undertakings and entities associated with it, Urging all Member States to participate actively in main- rea‰rming its resolve to address all aspects of that threat, taining and updating the list created pursuant to resolu- and considering the deliberations of the Committee on the tions 1267(1999) and 1333(2000) (“the Consolidated List”) recommendation of its Analytical Support and Sanctions by contributing additional information pertinent to current Monitoring Team, in its eleventh report to the Committee, listings, by submitting de-listing requests when appropri- that Member States treat listed Taliban and listed individu- ate, and by identifying and nominating for listing addi- als and entities of Al-Qaida and its a‰liates di€erently, tional individuals, groups, undertakings and entities which Noting that, in some instances, certain individuals, should be subject to the measures referred to in paragraph 1 groups, undertakings and entities that meet the criteria for of the present resolution, listing set forth in paragraph 3 of resolution 1988(2011) Reminding the Security Council Committee established may also meet the criteria for listing set forth in para- pursuant to resolution 1267(1999) (“the Committee”) to graph 4 of the present resolution, remove expeditiously and on a case-by-case basis individu- Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter, Chapter IV: Asia and the Pacic 343

Measures (a) Participating in the nancing, planning, facilitat- 1. Decides that all States shall take the following mea- ing, preparing or perpetrating of acts or activities by, in sures, as previously imposed by paragraph 8 ( c) of resolu- conjunction with, under the name of, on behalf of, or in tion 1333(2000) and paragraphs 1 and 2 of resolution support of; 1390(2002), with respect to Al-Qaida and other individuals, (b) Supplying, selling or transferring arms and related groups, undertakings and entities associated with it, includ- materiel to; ing those referred to in section C (“Individuals associated (c) Recruiting for; or otherwise supporting acts or with Al-Qaida”) and section D (“Entities and other groups activities of Al-Qaida or any cell, a‰liate, splinter group and undertakings associated with Al-Qaida”) of the Con- or derivative thereof; solidated List established pursuant to resolutions 1267(1999) 5. Also rea!rms that any undertaking or entity owned and 1333(2000), as well as those designated after the date of or controlled, directly or indirectly, by, or otherwise sup- adoption of the present resolution, which shall henceforth be porting, such an individual, group, undertaking or entity known as “the Al-Qaida Sanctions List”: associated with Al-Qaida shall be eligible for designation; (a) Freeze without delay the funds and other nancial 6. Con"rms that the requirements in paragraph 1 ( a) assets or economic resources of those individuals, groups, above apply to nancial and economic resources of every undertakings and entities, including funds derived from kind, including but not limited to those used for the pro- property owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by vision of Internet hosting or related services, used for the them or by persons acting on their behalf or at their direc- support of Al-Qaida and other individuals, groups, under- tion, and ensure that neither these nor any other funds, takings or entities associated with it; nancial assets or economic resources are made available, 7. Notes that such means of nancing or support in- directly or indirectly, for the benet of such persons, by clude but are not limited to the use of proceeds derived their nationals or by persons within their territories; from crime, including the illicit cultivation and production (b) Prevent the entry into or transit through their ter- of and tra‰cking in narcotic drugs and their precursors; ritories of those individuals, provided that nothing in the present paragraph shall oblige any State to deny entry into 8. Con"rms that the requirements in paragraph 1 ( a) or require the departure from its territories of its own na- above shall also apply to the payment of ransoms to indi- tionals and that the present paragraph shall not apply where viduals, groups, undertakings or entities on the Al-Qaida entry or transit is necessary for the fullment of a judicial Sanctions List; process or the Committee determines on a case-by-case 9. Decides that Member States may permit the ad- basis only that entry or transit is justied; dition to accounts frozen pursuant to the provisions of (c) Prevent the direct or indirect supply, sale or transfer paragraph 1 above of any payment in favour of listed indi- to those individuals, groups, undertakings and entities, from viduals, groups, undertakings or entities, provided that any their territories or by their nationals outside their territories, such payments continue to be subject to the provisions or using their +ag vessels or aircraft, of arms and related in paragraph 1 above and are frozen; materiel of all types, including weapons and ammunition, 10. Encourages Member States to make use of the pro- military vehicles and equipment, paramilitary equipment, visions regarding available exemptions to the measures in and spare parts for the aforementioned, and technical paragraph 1 ( a) above, set out in paragraphs 1 and 2 of reso- advice, assistance or training related to military activities; lution 1452(2002), as amended by resolution 1735(2006), 2. Notes that, pursuant to resolution 1988(2011), the and directs the Committee to review the procedures for ex- Taliban and other individuals, groups, undertakings and emptions as set out in the Committee guidelines to facilitate entities associated with them, as previously included in their use by Member States and to continue to ensure that section A (“Individuals associated with the Taliban) and exemptions are granted expeditiously and transparently; section B (“Entities and other groups and undertakings as- 11. Directs the Committee to cooperate with other sociated with the Taliban”) of the Consolidated List estab- relevant Security Council sanctions committees, in par- lished pursuant to resolutions 1267(1999) and 1333(2000) ticular the Committee established pursuant to resolution are not governed by the present resolution, and decides that 1988(2011); henceforth the Al-Qaida Sanctions List shall include only the names of those individuals, groups, undertakings and Listing entities associated with Al-Qaida; 12. Encourages all Member States to submit to the 3. Directs the Committee to transmit to the Security Committee for inclusion on the Al-Qaida Sanctions List Council Committee established pursuant to resolution names of individuals, groups, undertakings and entities 1988(2011) all listing submissions, de-listing requests and participating, by any means, in the nancing or support of proposed updates to the existing information relevant to acts or activities of Al-Qaida and other individuals, groups, section A (“Individuals associated with the Taliban”) and undertakings and entities associated with it, as described section B (“Entities and other groups and undertakings asso- in paragraph 2 of resolution 1617(2005) and rea‰rmed in ciated with the Taliban”) of the Consolidated List that were paragraph 4 above; pending before the Committee as of the date of adoption of 13. Rea!rms that, when proposing names to the the present resolution, so that the Committee established Committee for inclusion on the Al-Qaida Sanctions List, pursuant to resolution 1988(2011) can consider those mat- Member States shall act in accordance with paragraph 5 ters in accordance with resolution 1988(2011); of resolution 1735(2006) and paragraph 12 of resolution 4. Rea!rms that acts or activities indicating that an 1822(2008) and provide a detailed statement of case, and individual, group, undertaking or entity is associated with decides further that the statement of case shall be releas- Al-Qaida include: able, upon request, except for the parts that a Member State 344 Part One: Political and security questions identies as being condential to the Committee, and may of making the narrative summary of reasons for listing be used to develop the narrative summary of reasons for available in all o‰cial languages of the United Nations in listing described in paragraph 16 below; a timely manner; 14. Decides that Member States proposing a new desig- 20. Also rea!rms the provisions in paragraph 17 of nation, as well as Member States that have proposed names resolution 1822(2008) regarding the requirement that for inclusion on the Al-Qaida Sanctions List before the Member States take all possible measures, in accordance adoption of the present resolution, shall specify whether with their domestic laws and practices, to notify or inform the Committee, or the Ombudsperson, or the Secretariat in a timely manner the listed individual or entity of the or the Analytical Support and Sanctions Monitoring Team designation and to include with this notication the nar- on behalf of the Committee, may make known the status rative summary of reasons for listing, a description of the of the Member State as a designating State; and strongly e€ects of designation, as provided in the relevant resolu- encourages designating States to respond positively to such tions, the procedures of the Committee for considering a request; de-listing requests, including the possibility of submitting 15. Decides also that Member States, when proposing such a request to the Ombudsperson in accordance with names to the Committee for inclusion on the Al-Qaida paragraph 21 and annex II to the present resolution, and Sanctions List shall use the standard form for listing, and the provisions of resolution 1452(2002) regarding available provide the Committee with as much relevant informa- exemptions; tion as possible on the proposed name, in particular suf- De-listing/Ombudsperson cient identifying information to allow for the accurate and 21. to extend the mandate of the O‰ce of positive identication of individuals, groups, undertakings Decides the Ombudsperson, established by resolution 1904(2009), and entities, and to the extent possible, the information as re+ected in the procedures outlined in annex II to the required by ‚‡!$@\*] to issue a Special Notice, and directs present resolution, for a period of eighteen months from the Committee to update, as necessary, the standard form the date of adoption of the present resolution, decides that for listing in accordance with the provisions of the present the Ombudsperson shall continue to receive requests from resolution; and further directs the Monitoring Team to individuals, groups, undertakings or entities seeking to be report to the Committee on further steps that could be removed from the Al-Qaida Sanctions List in an independ- taken to improve identifying information; ent and impartial manner and shall neither seek nor receive 16. Welcomes e€orts by the Committee, with the as- instructions from any Government, and decides that the sistance of the Monitoring Team and in coordination with Ombudsperson shall present to the Committee observa- the relevant designating States, to make accessible on the tions and a recommendation on the de-listing of those Committee website, at the same time that a name is added individuals, groups, undertakings or entities that have re- to the Al-Qaida Sanctions List, a narrative summary of rea- quested removal from the Al-Qaida Sanctions List through sons for listing for the corresponding entry, and directs the the O‰ce of the Ombudsperson, either a recommendation Committee, with the assistance of the Monitoring Team to retain the listing or a recommendation that the Commit- and in coordination with the relevant designating States, tee consider de-listing; to continue its e€orts to make accessible on the Commit- 22. Decides also that the requirement for States to take tee website narrative summaries of reasons for all listings; the measures described in paragraph 1 of the present resolu- 17. Encourages Member States and relevant interna- tion shall remain in place with respect to that individual, tional organizations and bodies to inform the Committee group, undertaking or entity where the Ombudsperson of any relevant court decisions and proceedings so that the recommends retaining the listing in the comprehensive re- Committee can consider them when it reviews a corre- port of the Ombudsperson on a de-listing request pursuant sponding listing or updates a narrative summary of reasons to annex II to the present resolution; for listing; 23. Decides further that the requirement for States to 18. Calls upon all members of the Committee and the take the measures described in paragraph 1 of the present Monitoring Team to share with the Committee any infor- resolution shall terminate with respect to that individual, mation they may have available regarding a listing request group, undertaking or entity sixty days after the Com- from a Member State so that this information may help to mittee completes consideration of a comprehensive report inform the decision of the Committee on designation and of the Ombudsperson, in accordance with annex II to provide additional material for the narrative summary of the present resolution, including paragraph 6 ( h) thereof, reasons for listing described in paragraph 16 above; where the Ombudsperson recommends that the Commit- 19. Rea!rms that the Secretariat shall, after publica- tee consider de-listing, unless the Committee decides by tion but within three working days after a name is added to consensus before the end of that sixty-day period that the the Al-Qaida Sanctions List, notify the permanent mission requirement shall remain in place with respect to that in- of the country or countries where the individual or entity dividual, group, undertaking or entity; provided that, in is believed to be located and, in the case of individuals, cases where consensus does not exist, the Chair shall, on the country of which the person is a national (to the ex- the request of a Committee member, submit the question tent this information is known), in accordance with para- of whether to de-list that individual, group, undertaking or graph 10 of resolution 1735(2006), requests the Secretariat entity to the Security Council for a decision within a period to publish on the Committee website all relevant publicly of sixty days; and provided further that, in the event of such releasable information, including the narrative summary a request, the requirement for States to take the measures of reasons for listing, immediately after a name is added to described in paragraph 1 of the present resolution shall re- the Al-Qaida Sanctions List, and highlights the importance main in force for that period with respect to that individual, Chapter IV: Asia and the Pacic 345 group, undertaking or entity until the question is decided other individuals, groups, undertakings and entities on the by the Council; Al-Qaida Sanctions List; 24. Requests the Secretary-General to strengthen the 32. Encourages Member States, when unfreezing the capacity of the O‰ce of the Ombudsperson to ensure its assets of a deceased individual or an entity that is reported continued ability to carry out its mandate in an e€ective or conrmed to have ceased to exist as a result of a de- and timely manner; listing, to recall the obligations set forth in resolution 25. Strongly urges Member States to provide all relevant 1373(2001) and, in particular, to prevent unfrozen assets information to the Ombudsperson, including providing from being used for terrorist purposes; any relevant condential information, where appropriate, 33. Calls upon the Committee, when considering de- and conrms that the Ombudsperson must comply with listing requests, to give due consideration to the opinions any condentiality restrictions that are placed on such of the designating State(s), State(s) of residence, nationality, information by Member States providing it; location or incorporation, and other relevant States as deter- 26. Requests that Member States and relevant interna- mined by the Committee, directs Committee members to tional organizations and bodies encourage individuals and provide their reasons for objecting to de-listing requests at entities that are considering challenging or are already in the time the request is objected to, and calls upon the Com- the process of challenging their listing through national mittee to share its reasons with relevant Member States and and regional courts to seek removal from the Al-Qaida national and regional courts and bodies, where appropriate; Sanctions List by submitting de-listing petitions to the 34. Encourages all Member States, including designat- O‰ce of the Ombudsperson; ing States and States of residence and nationality, to provide 27. Decides that, when the designating State submits a all information to the Committee relevant to the review by de-listing request, the requirement for States to take the mea- the Committee of de-listing petitions, and to meet with sures described in paragraph 1 of the present resolution shall the Committee, if requested, to convey their views on de- terminate with respect to that individual, group, undertak- listing requests, and further encourages the Committee, ing or entity after sixty days unless the Committee decides where appropriate, to meet with representatives of national by consensus before the end of that sixty-day period that the or regional organizations and bodies that have relevant measures shall remain in place with respect to that individual, information on de-listing petitions; group, undertaking or entity; provided that, in cases where 35. Con"rms that the Secretariat shall, within three consensus does not exist, the Chair shall, on the request of a days after a name is removed from the Al-Qaida Sanctions Committee member, submit the question of whether to de-list List, notify the permanent mission of the State(s) of resi- that individual, group, undertaking or entity to the Security dence, nationality, location or incorporation (to the extent Council for a decision within a period of sixty days; and pro- this information is known), and decides that States receiv- vided further that, in the event of such a request, the require- ing such notication shall take measures, in accordance ment for States to take the measures described in paragraph 1 with their domestic laws and practices, to notify or of the present resolution shall remain in force for that period inform the concerned individual or entity of the de-listing with respect to that individual, group, undertaking or entity in a timely manner; until the question is decided by the Council; Review and maintenance of the Al-Qaida Sanctions List 28. Decides also that, for purposes of submitting a de- listing request in paragraph 27 above, consensus must ex- 36. Encourages all Member States, in particular des- ist between or among all designating States in cases where ignating States and States of residence or nationality, to there are multiple designating States; and decides further submit to the Committee additional identifying and other that co-sponsors of listing requests shall not be considered information, along with supporting documentation, on designating States for purposes of paragraph 27 above; listed individuals, groups, undertakings and entities, in- 29. Strongly urges designating States to allow the Om- cluding updates on the operating status of listed entities, budsperson to reveal their identities as designating States groups and undertakings, the movement, incarceration or to those listed individuals and entities that have submitted death of listed individuals and other signicant events, de-listing petitions to the Ombudsperson; as such information becomes available; 30. Directs the Committee to continue to work, in 37. Requests the Monitoring Team to circulate to the accordance with its guidelines, to consider de-listing Committee every six months a list of individuals and en- requests of Member States for the removal from the Al- tities on the Al-Qaida Sanctions List whose entries lack Qaida Sanctions List of individuals, groups, undertakings identiers necessary to ensure e€ective implementation of and entities that are alleged to no longer meet the criteria the measures imposed upon them, and directs the Commit- established in the relevant resolutions, and set out in para- tee to review these listings to decide whether they remain graph 4 of the present resolution, which shall be placed on appropriate; the agenda of the Committee upon request of a member of 38. Rea!rms that the Monitoring Team should cir- the Committee, and encourages Member States to provide culate to the Committee every six months a list of indi- reasons for submitting their de-listing requests; viduals on the Al-Qaida Sanctions List who are reportedly 31. Encourages States to submit de-listing requests for deceased, along with an assessment of relevant information, individuals that are o‰cially conrmed to be dead, par- such as the certication of death, and to the extent possi- ticularly where no assets are identied, and for entities re- ble, the status and location of frozen assets and the names ported or conrmed to have ceased to exist, while at the of any individuals or entities that would be in a position same time taking all reasonable measures to ensure that to receive any unfrozen assets, directs the Committee to the assets that had belonged to these individuals or entities review these listings to decide whether they remain appro- have not been or will not be transferred or distributed to priate, and calls upon the Committee to remove listings of 346 Part One: Political and security questions deceased individuals, where credible information regarding action on each case, and requests the Chair of the Com- death is available; mittee, in periodic reports to the Council pursuant to para- 39. Also rea!rms that the Monitoring Team should graph 55 below, to provide progress reports on the work of circulate to the Committee every six months a list of enti- the Committee on this issue; ties on the Al-Qaida Sanctions List that are reported or 47. Urges all Member States, in their implementation conrmed to have ceased to exist, along with an assessment of the measures set out in paragraph 1 above, to ensure that of any relevant information, directs the Committee to re- fraudulent, counterfeit, stolen and lost passports and other view these listings to decide whether they remain appropri- travel documents are invalidated and removed from circula- ate, and calls upon the Committee to remove such listings tion, in accordance with domestic laws and practices, as soon where credible information is available; as possible, and to share information on those documents 40. Directs the Committee, in the light of the comple- with other Member States through the ‚‡!$@\*] database; tion of the review described in paragraph 25 of resolution 48. Encourages Member States to share with the pri- 1822(2008), to conduct an annual review of all names on vate sector, in accordance with their domestic laws and the Al-Qaida Sanctions List that have not been reviewed practices, information in their national databases related in three or more years (“the triennial review”), in which to fraudulent, counterfeit, stolen and lost identity or travel the relevant names are circulated to the designating States documents pertaining to their own jurisdictions and, if a and States of residence, nationality, location or incorpora- listed party is found to be using a false identity, including tion, where known, pursuant to the procedures set forth to secure credit or fraudulent travel documents, to provide in the Committee guidelines, to ensure that the Al-Qaida the Committee with information in this regard; Sanctions List is as updated and accurate as possible by 49. Con"rms that no matter should be left pending be- identifying listings that no longer remain appropriate and fore the Committee for a period longer than six months, conrming listings that remain appropriate, and notes unless the Committee determines on a case-by-case basis that the consideration by the Committee of a de-listing that extraordinary circumstances require additional time request after the date of adoption of the present resolu- for consideration, in accordance with the Committee tion, pursuant to the procedures set out in annex II to the guidelines; present resolution, should be considered equivalent to a 50. Encourages designating States to inform the Mon- review conducted pursuant to paragraph 26 of resolution itoring Team whether a national court or other legal 1822(2008); authority has reviewed an individual’s case and whether Measures—implementation any judicial proceedings have begun, and to include any 41. Reiterates the importance of all States identify- other relevant information when it submits its standard ing, and if necessary introducing, adequate procedures to form for listing; implement fully all aspects of the measures described in 51. Requests the Committee to facilitate, through the paragraph 1 above; and, recalling paragraph 7 of resolution Monitoring Team or specialized United Nations agencies, 1617(2005), strongly urges all Member States to implement assistance on capacity-building for enhancing implementa- the comprehensive international standards embodied in the tion of the measures, upon request by Member States; Forty Recommendations on Money Laundering and the Coordination and outreach nine Special Recommendations on Terrorist Financing of the Financial Action Task Force, and encourages Member 52. Reiterates the need to enhance ongoing cooperation States to utilize the guidance provided in Special Recom- between the Committee, the Security Council Committee mendation III for e€ective implementation of targeted established pursuant to resolution 1373(2001) concerning counter-terrorism sanctions; counter-terrorism (the Counter-Terrorism Committee) and 42. Directs the Committee to continue to ensure that the Security Council Committee established pursuant to fair and clear procedures exist for placing individuals and resolution 1540(2004), as well as their respective groups entities on the Al-Qaida Sanctions List and for removing of experts, including through, as appropriate, enhanced them as well as for granting exemptions as per resolution information-sharing, and coordination on visits to coun- 1452(2002), and directs the Committee to keep its guide- tries within their respective mandates, on facilitating and lines under active review in support of these objectives; monitoring technical assistance, on relations with interna- 43. Also directs the Committee, as a matter of priority, tional and regional organizations and agencies and on other to review its guidelines with respect to the provisions of the issues of relevance to all three Committees, expresses its in- present resolution, in particular paragraphs 10, 12, 14, 15, tention to provide guidance to the Committees on areas of 17, 21, 23, 27, 28, 30, 33, 37 and 40; common interest in order better to coordinate their e€orts 44. Encourages Member States, including through and facilitate such cooperation, and requests the Secretary- their permanent missions, and relevant international General to make the necessary arrangements for the groups organizations to meet with the Committee for in-depth of experts to be co-located as soon as possible; discussion on any relevant issues; 53. Encourages the Monitoring Team and the United 45. Requests the Committee to report to the Council Nations O‰ce on Drugs and Crime to continue their joint on its ndings regarding implementation e€orts by Mem- activities, in cooperation with the Counter-Terrorism ber States, and to identify and recommend steps necessary Committee Executive Directorate and the experts of the to improve implementation; Committee established pursuant to resolution 1540(2004), 46. Directs the Committee to identify possible cases to assist Member States in their e€orts to comply with their of non-compliance with the measures pursuant to para- obligations under the relevant resolutions, including by graph 1 above and to determine the appropriate course of organizing regional and subregional workshops; Chapter IV: Asia and the Pacic 347

54. Requests the Committee to consider, where and a view to developing the Committee’s record of the facts when appropriate, visits to selected countries by the Chair and circumstances relating to a listing; and/or members of the Committee to enhance the full (d) To analyse reports submitted pursuant to para- and e€ective implementation of the measures referred to graph 6 of resolution 1455(2003), the checklists submit- in paragraph 1 above, with a view to encouraging States ted pursuant to paragraph 10 of resolution 1617(2005) to comply fully with the present resolution and resolu- and other information submitted by Member States to the tions 1267(1999), 1333(2000), 1390(2002), 1455(2003), Committee, as instructed by the Committee; 1526(2004), 1617(2005), 1735(2006), 1822(2008) and (e) To assist the Committee in following up on 1904(2009); requests to Member States for information, including with 55. Also requests the Committee to report orally, respect to implementation of the measures referred to in through its Chair, at least every one hundred and eighty paragraph 1 of this resolution; days to the Council on the state of the overall work of the (f ) To submit a comprehensive programme of work to Committee and the Monitoring Team and, as appropri- the Committee for its review and approval, as necessary, in ate, in conjunction with the reports by the Chairs of the which the Monitoring Team should detail the activities en- Counter-Terrorism Committee and the Committee estab- visaged in order to full its responsibilities, including pro- lished pursuant to resolution 1540(2004), and further re- posed travel, based on close coordination with the Counter- quests the Chair to hold periodic briengs for all interested Terrorism Committee Executive Directorate and the group of Member States; experts of the Committee established pursuant to resolution 1540(2004) to avoid duplication and reinforce synergies; Monitoring Team (g) To work closely and share information with the 56. Decides , in order to assist the Committee in ful- Counter-Terrorism Committee Executive Directorate and lling its mandate, as well as to support the Ombudsper- the group of experts of the Committee established pursuant son, to extend the mandate of the current New York-based to resolution 1540(2004) to identify areas of convergence and Monitoring Team and its members, established pursuant to overlap and to help to facilitate concrete coordination, includ- paragraph 7 of resolution 1526(2004), for a further period ing in the area of reporting, among the three Committees; of eighteen months, under the direction of the Committee, (h) To participate actively in and support all relevant with the responsibilities outlined in annex I to the present activities under the United Nations Global Counter- resolution, and requests the Secretary-General to make the Terrorism Strategy, including within the Counter-Terrorism necessary arrangements to this e€ect; Implementation Task Force established to ensure overall 57. Directs the Monitoring Team to review the proce- coordination and coherence in the counter-terrorism ef- dures of the Committee for granting exemptions pursuant forts of the United Nations system, in particular through to resolution 1452(2002) and to provide recommendations its relevant working groups; on how the Committee can improve the process for grant- (i) To assist the Committee with its analysis of non- ing such exemptions; compliance with the measures referred to in paragraph 1 58. Also directs the Monitoring Team to keep the of this resolution by collating information collected from Committee informed of instances of non-compliance with Member States and submitting case studies, both on its the measures imposed in the present resolution, and own initiative and upon the Committee’s request, to the further directs the Monitoring Team to provide recom- Committee for its review; mendations to the Committee on actions taken to respond (j) To present to the Committee recommendations to non-compliance; which could be used by Member States to assist them with the implementation of the measures referred to in para- Reviews graph 1 of this resolution and in preparing proposed addi- 59. Decides to review the measures described in para- tions to the Al-Qaida Sanctions List; graph 1 above with a view to their possible further strength- (k) To assist the Committee in its consideration of ening in eighteen months, or sooner if necessary; proposals for listing, including by compiling and circulat- 60. Decides also to remain actively seized of the matter. ing to the Committee information relevant to the proposed listing, and preparing a draft narrative summary, referred ANNEX I to in paragraph 16 of this resolution; In accordance with paragraph 56 of this resolution, the (l) To bring to the attention of the Committee new or Monitoring Team shall operate under the direction of the noteworthy circumstances that may warrant a de-listing, Committee and shall have the following responsibilities: such as publicly reported information on a deceased (a) To submit, in writing, two comprehensive, inde- individual; pendent reports to the Committee, the rst by 31 March (m) To consult with Member States in advance of 2012 and the second by 31 October 2012, on implementa- travel to selected Member States, based on its programme tion by Member States of the measures referred to in para- of work as approved by the Committee; graph 1 of this resolution, including specic recommen- (n) To coordinate and cooperate with the national dations for improved implementation of the measures and counter-terrorism focal point or similar coordinating body possible new measures; in the country of the visit, where appropriate; (b) To assist the Ombudsperson in carrying out his (o) To encourage Member States to submit names and or her mandate as specied in annex II to this resolution; additional identifying information for inclusion on the (c) To assist the Committee in regularly reviewing Al-Qaida Sanctions List, as instructed by the Committee; names on the Al-Qaida Sanctions List, including by (p) To present to the Committee additional identify- undertaking travel and contact with Member States, with ing and other information to assist the Committee in its 348 Part One: Political and security questions e€orts to keep the Al-Qaida Sanctions List as updated and the legal representative or estate of such individual, group, accurate as possible; undertaking or entity (“the petitioner”). (q) To study and report to the Committee on the e Security Council recalls that Member States are not changing nature of the threat of Al-Qaida and the best permitted to submit de-listing petitions on behalf of an measures to confront it, including by developing a dialogue individual, group, undertaking or entity to the O‰ce of with relevant scholars and academic bodies, in consultation the Ombudsperson. with the Committee; (r) To collate, assess, monitor and report on and make Information-gathering (four months) recommendations regarding implementation of the measures, 1. Upon receipt of a de-listing request, the Ombud- including implementation of the measure in paragraph 1 ( a) sperson shall: of this resolution as it pertains to preventing the criminal mis- (a) Acknowledge to the petitioner the receipt of the use of the Internet by Al-Qaida and other individuals, groups, de-listing request; undertakings and entities associated with it; to pursue case (b) Inform the petitioner of the general procedure for studies, as appropriate; and to explore in depth any other processing de-listing requests; relevant issues as directed by the Committee; (c) Answer specic questions from the petitioner about (s) To consult with Member States and other relevant Committee procedures; organizations, including through regular dialogue with (d) Inform the petitioner in case the petition fails to representatives in New York and in capitals, taking into properly address the original designation criteria, as set account their comments, especially regarding any issues forth in paragraph 4 of this resolution, and return it to the that might be contained in the reports of the Monitoring petitioner for his or her consideration; and Team referred to in paragraph ( a) of this annex; (e) Verify if the request is a new request or a repeated (t) To consult with Member States’ intelligence and request and, if it is a repeated request to the Ombudsperson security services, including through regional forums, and it does not contain any additional information, return in order to facilitate the sharing of information and to it to the petitioner for his or her consideration. strengthen enforcement of the measures; 2. For de-listing petitions not returned to the pe- (u) To consult with relevant representatives of the pri- titioner, the Ombudsperson shall immediately forward vate sector, including nancial institutions, to learn about the the de-listing request to the members of the Committee, practical implementation of the assets freeze and to develop designating State(s), State(s) of residence and nationality recommendations for the strengthening of that measure; or incorporation, relevant United Nations bodies and any (v) To work with relevant international and regional other States deemed relevant by the Ombudsperson. e organizations in order to promote awareness of, and com- Ombudsperson shall ask these States or relevant United pliance with, the measures; Nations bodies to provide, within four months, any ap- (w) To assist the Committee in facilitating assistance propriate additional information relevant to the de-listing on capacity-building for enhancing implementation of the request. e Ombudsperson may engage in dialogue with measures, upon request by Member States; these States to determine: (x) To work with ‚‡!$@\*] and Member States to (a) e opinions of these States on whether the obtain photographs of listed individuals for possible inclu- de-listing request should be granted; and sion in ‚‡!$@\*] Special Notices; (b) Information, questions or requests for clarications (y) To assist other subsidiary bodies of the Security that these States would like to be communicated to the Council, and their expert panels, upon request, with petitioner regarding the de-listing request, including any enhancing their cooperation with ‚‡!$@\*], referred to in information or steps that might be taken by a petitioner resolution 1699(2006); to clarify the de-listing request. (z) To report to the Committee, on a regular basis 3. e Ombudsperson shall also immediately forward or when the Committee so requests, through oral and/or the de-listing request to the Monitoring Team, which shall written briengs on the work of the Monitoring Team, provide to the Ombudsperson, within four months: including its visits to Member States and its activities; (a) All information available to the Monitoring Team (aa ) To submit to the Committee within ninety days a that is relevant to the de-listing request, including court de- written report and recommendations on linkages between cisions and proceedings, news reports and information that Al-Qaida and those individuals, groups, undertakings or States or relevant international organizations have previ- entities eligible for designation under paragraph 1 of reso- ously shared with the Committee or the Monitoring Team; lution 1988(2011), with a particular focus on entries that (b) Fact-based assessments of the information provided appear on both the Al-Qaida Sanctions List and the 1988 by the petitioner that is relevant to the de-listing request; and List, and thereafter to submit such a report and recommen- (c) Questions or requests for clarications that the dations periodically; and Monitoring Team would like asked of the petitioner (bb ) Any other responsibility identified by the regarding the de-listing request. Committee. 4. At the end of this four-month period of information- gathering, the Ombudsperson shall present a written up- ANNEX II date to the Committee on progress to date, including de- In accordance with paragraph 21 of this resolution, the tails regarding which States have supplied information. e O‰ce of the Ombudsperson shall be authorized to carry Ombudsperson may extend this period once for up to two out the following tasks upon receipt of a de-listing request months if he or she assesses that more time is required for in- submitted by, or on behalf of, an individual, group, un- formation-gathering, giving due consideration to requests by dertaking or entity on the Al-Qaida Sanctions List or by Member States for additional time to provide information. Chapter IV: Asia and the Pacic 349

Dialogue (two months) the Ombudsperson, lay out for the Committee the princi- 5. Upon completion of the information-gathering pal arguments concerning the de-listing request. period, the Ombudsperson shall facilitate a two-month Committee discussion period of engagement, which may include dialogue with 8. After the Committee has had fteen days to review the the petitioner. Giving due consideration to requests for comprehensive report in all o‰cial languages of the United additional time, the Ombudsperson may extend this pe- Nations, the Chair of the Committee shall place the de-listing riod once for up to two months if he or she assesses that request on the agenda of the Committee for consideration. more time is required for engagement and the drafting of 9. When the Committee considers the de-listing re- the comprehensive report described in paragraph 7 below. quest, the Ombudsperson, aided by the Monitoring Team, e Ombudsperson may shorten this time period if he or as appropriate, shall present the comprehensive report in she assesses that less time is required. person and answer Committee members’ questions regard- 6. During this period of engagement, the Ombud- ing the request. sperson: 10. Committee consideration of the comprehensive (a) May ask the petitioner questions or request report shall be completed no later than thirty days from additional information or clarications that may help the the date the comprehensive report is submitted to the Committee’s consideration of the request, including any Committee for its review. questions or information requests received from relevant 11. In cases where the Ombudsperson recommends States, the Committee and the Monitoring Team; retaining the listing, the requirement for States to take the (b) Should request from the petitioner a signed state- measures in paragraph 1 of this resolution shall remain in ment in which the petitioner declares that they have no place with respect to that individual, group, undertaking ongoing association with Al-Qaida, or any cell, a‰liate, or entity, unless a Committee member submits a de-listing splinter group or derivative thereof, and undertakes not to request, which the Committee shall consider under its associate with Al-Qaida in the future; normal consensus procedures. (c) Should meet with the petitioner, to the extent 12. In cases where the Ombudsperson recommends possible; that the Committee consider de-listing, the requirement (d) Shall forward replies from the petitioner back to for States to take the measures described in paragraph 1 relevant States, the Committee and the Monitoring Team of this resolution shall terminate with respect to that in- and follow up with the petitioner in connection with dividual, group, undertaking or entity sixty days after the incomplete responses by the petitioner; Committee completes consideration of a comprehensive re- (e) Shall coordinate with States, the Committee and port of the Ombudsperson, in accordance with this annex, the Monitoring Team regarding any further inquiries of, including paragraph 6 ( h), unless the Committee decides or response to, the petitioner; by consensus before the end of that sixty-day period that (f ) During the information-gathering or dialogue the requirement shall remain in place with respect to that phase, the Ombudsperson may share with relevant States individual, group, undertaking or entity; provided that, in information provided by a State, including that State’s cases where consensus does not exist, the Chair shall, on position on the de-listing request, if the State which pro- the request of a Committee member, submit the question vided the information consents; of whether to de-list that individual, group, undertaking or (g) In the course of the information-gathering and entity to the Security Council for a decision within a period dialogue phases and in the preparation of the report, the of sixty days; and provided further that, in the event of such Ombudsperson shall not disclose any information shared a request, the requirement for States to take the measures by a State on a condential basis, without the express writ- described in paragraph 1 of this resolution shall remain in ten consent of that State; and force for that period with respect to that individual, group, (h) During the dialogue phase, the Ombudsperson undertaking or entity until the question is decided by the shall give serious consideration to the opinions of desig- Council. nating States, as well as other Member States that come 13. If the Committee decides to reject the de-listing re- forward with relevant information, in particular those quest, then the Committee shall convey to the Ombudsperson Member States most a€ected by acts or associations that its decision, setting out its reasons, and including any further led to the original designation. relevant information about the decision of the Committee, 7. Upon completion of the period of engagement and an updated narrative summary of reasons for listing. described above, the Ombudsperson, with the help of the 14. After the Committee has informed the Ombudsper- Monitoring Team, shall draft and circulate to the Commit- son that the Committee has rejected a de-listing request, then tee a comprehensive report that will exclusively: the Ombudsperson shall send to the petitioner, with an advance (a) Summarize and, as appropriate, specify the sources copy sent to the Committee, within fteen days, a letter that: of, all information available to the Ombudsperson that is (a) Communicates the decision of the Committee for relevant to the de-listing request. e report shall respect continued listing; condential elements of Member States’ communications (b) Describes, to the extent possible and drawing upon with the Ombudsperson; the comprehensive report of the Ombudsperson, the (b) Describe the activities of the Ombudsperson with process and the publicly releasable factual information respect to this de-listing request, including dialogue with gathered by the Ombudsperson; and the petitioner; and (c) Forwards from the Committee all information (c) Based on an analysis of all the information avail- about the decision provided to the Ombudsperson pursu- able to the Ombudsperson and the recommendation of ant to paragraph 13 above. 350 Part One: Political and security questions

15. In all communications with the petitioner, the committee, the Security Council Committee estab- Ombudsperson shall respect the confidentiality of lished pursuant to resolution 1988(2011) (see p. 337). Committee deliberations and condential communica- In accordance with Council resolution 1989(2011), tions between the Ombudsperson and Member States. the scope of the mandate of the Ombudsperson Other tasks of the O!ce of the Ombudsperson extended only to the Al-Qaida Sanctions List. By 16. In addition to the tasks specied above, the that same resolution, the mandate of the O‰ce of the Ombudsperson shall: Ombudsperson was extended by a further 18 months, (a) Distribute publicly releasable information about until December 2012. Committee procedures, including Committee guidelines, Report of Ombudsperson (January). In accor- fact sheets and other documents prepared by the Committee; dance with resolution 1904(2009) [YUN 2009, ( ) Where their address is known, notify individuals or b p. 355] , the Ombudsperson submitted her rst report entities about the status of their listing, after the Secretariat has o‰cially notied the permanent mission of the State [S/2011/29] , in which she summarized the O‰ce’s ac- or States, pursuant to paragraph 19 of this resolution; and tivities in its rst six months of operation, between (c) Submit biannual reports summarizing the activities 14 July 2010 and 15 January 2011. As at 15 January, of the Ombudsperson to the Security Council. seven requests for de-listing from the Consolidated List of the Al-Qaida and Taliban Sanctions Com- Activities of sanctions committees mittee were submitted to the Ombudsperson. Six of them were accepted and were at various stages of the Al-Qaida Sanctions Committee process. A description of the status of the cases was annexed to the report. The Security Council Committee established in accordance with resolutions 1267(1999) [YUN 1999, p. 265] SECURITY COUNCIL ACTION and 1989(2011) (see p. 341) concerning Al-Qaida and associated individuals and entities (Al-Qaida Sanctions On 28 February [meeting 6492] , following consulta- Committee) was mandated to oversee the implementa- tions among Security Council members, the President tion of sanctions measures, consisting of an assets freeze, made statement S/PRST/2011/5 on behalf of the travel ban and arms embargo against individuals or enti- Council: ties belonging to or associated with Al-Qaida. Follow- e Security Council underlines that terrorism con- ing the adoption of resolution 1989(2011), the Council stitutes one of the most serious threats to international changed the scope of the Committee’s 1999 mandate, peace and security, the enjoyment of human rights and the social and economic development of all Member focusing it exclusively on Al-Qaida and associated in- States and undermines global stability and prosperity, dividuals and entities, and changing the name of the and emphasizes the importance of the Al-Qaida and Committee to “Security Council Committee pursuant Taliban sanctions regime as an essential tool in combat- to resolutions 1267(1999) and 1989(2011) concerning ing the threat posed by terrorist activity. Al-Qaida and associated individuals and entities”. e Council recalls its primary responsibility for the In a report covering the 2011 activities of the Al- maintenance of international peace and security under Qaida Sanctions Committee [S/2012/305] , information the Charter of the United Nations and further recalls was provided on, among other things: maintenance Article 103 of the Charter. and dissemination of the Al-Qaida Sanctions List; ex- e Council stresses the need for full implementation of all its resolutions and the statements by its President on emptions to the sanctions measures; the Committee’s terrorism, including resolution 1904(2009). website; and implementation of the sanctions measures. e Council recalls the establishment of the Of- O"ce of Ombudsperson. e O‰ce of the Om- ce of the Ombudsperson pursuant to resolution budsperson was established by the Security Council 1904(2009) to assist in considering de-listing requests in resolution 1904(2009) [YUN 2009, p. 355] for an submitted by, or on behalf of, an individual, group, initial period of 18 months to assist the Al-Qaida and undertaking or entity on the list created pursuant to Taliban Sanctions Committee in its consideration of resolutions 1267(1999) and 1333(2000) (“the Con- de-listing requests. In June 2011, by the adoption of solidated List”), underlines its commitment to ensur- resolutions 1988(2011) and 1989(2011), the Council ing that the O‰ce is able to continue to carry out its role e€ectively, in accordance with its mandate, and separated the Al-Qaida and Taliban sanctions re- in this regard undertakes to renew the mandate of the gimes and decided that the individuals and enti- O‰ce in June 2011. ties associated with Al-Qaida on the list established e Council welcomes the rst report of the Om- pursuant to resolutions 1267(1999) and 1333(2000) budsperson submitted pursuant to annex II to resolu- (the Consolidated List) would be referred to as the tion 1904(2009) and the work of the Ombudsperson Al-Qaida Sanctions List, which would fall under the to date. purview of the Al-Qaida Sanctions Committee. e e Council takes note of the observations in the list of individuals and entities associated with the report, to which it will respond in the context of the Taliban would fall under the purview of a separate renewal of the mandate of the Ombudsperson in June Chapter IV: Asia and the Pacic 351

2011 in order to ensure that any necessary improvements cember 2011. During the reporting period, the Com- to the Ombudsperson procedure are implemented. mittee removed the names of 15 individuals from the e Council underlines the improvements to the 1988(2011) Sanctions List and added the names of procedures of the Security Council Committee es- 4 individuals. tablished pursuant to resolution 1267(1999) (“the Committee”) and to the Consolidated List, and the Monitoring Team seriousness with which the Committee undertakes its mandate to carry out regular and in-depth reviews In April, the Chair of the Security Council Com- of entries on the Consolidated List, and expresses its mittee concerning Al-Qaida and the Taliban and as- intention to continue e€orts to ensure that procedures sociated individuals and entities transmitted to the are fair and clear. Council the eleventh report of the Analytical Sup- e Council underlines the important role of the Ombudsperson in ensuring fair and clear procedures for port and Sanctions Monitoring Team [S/2011/245] individuals designated pursuant to resolution 1267(1999) in accordance with Council resolution 1904(2009) and encourages individuals seeking de-listing from the [YUN 2009, p. 355] . Consolidated List to pursue their case through the On 21 November [S/2011/728] , the Chair trans- Ombudsperson. mitted to the Council the Committee’s position on e Council welcomes the observation by the Om- the recommendations contained in the Monitoring budsperson that States have been cooperative in re- Team’s eleventh report. sponding to requests and providing information in the cases and looks forward to continued cooperation On 20 December, the Chair of the Al-Qaida Sanc- by Member States with the O‰ce of the Ombudsper- tions Committee transmitted to the Council a report son. of the Monitoring Team [S/2011/790] on past and existing links between Al-Qaida and the Taliban. Report of Ombudsperson (July). In her second Expert members. On 30 June [S/2011/403] , the report [S/2011/447] , covering the period between Secretary-General informed the Council that he had 21 January and 21 July, the Ombudsperson stated reappointed seven experts of the Monitoring Team that, as at 21 July, 14 requests for de-listing from to serve until 31 December 2012. On 20 December the Al-Qaida Sanctions Committee List had been [S/2011/789] , he informed the Council that he had submitted. All of them were accepted and were at appointed a replacement of a Monitoring Team expert various stages of the process. Comprehensive re- until 31 December 2012. ports, two of which included recommendations, had been circulated to the Committee in six cases. e Ombudsperson had formally presented the Iraq comprehensive reports to the Committee in three cases. Two of the cases resulted in de-listing and In 2011, the United Nations, through the Spe- the third case remained under consideration. A cial Representative of the Secretary-General for Iraq description of the status of all cases was contained and the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq in an annex to the report. (†‡„ˆ‚), continued to assist the country in its tran- In a later report [S/2012/49] covering activities from sition to democratic governance and in promoting 21 July 2011 until 20 January 2012, the Ombudsperson reconstruction and reconciliation. During the year, provided an update on the de-listing cases. political tensions intensied as Iraqi leaders faced dif- culties in implementing the November 2010 power- Security Council Committee sharing agreements that led to the formation of the established pursuant to resolution 1988(2011) new Government. In addition, several protests over the provision of basic services, the lack of employment By resolution 1988(2011) of 17 June (see p. 337), opportunities and corruption resulted in violence. As the Security Council established a new sanctions re- the scheduled drawdown of United States Forces in gime and requested States to take measures in connec- Iraq continued, the Iraqi security forces were being de- tion with any individuals, groups, undertakings and ployed throughout the country; but given their limited entities associated with the Taliban in constituting a air and ground assets, they faced challenges in securing threat to the peace, stability and security of Afghani- all areas of the country. e overall security situation stan as designated by the Committee on the List remained tense and targeted attacks against civilians, established pursuant to resolution 1988(2011). Government o‰cials and security personnel contin- e Chairman of the Security Council Committee ued. On 28 July, the Security Council extended the established pursuant to resolution 1988(2011) sub- †‡„ˆ‚ mandate until 31 July 2012. At the end of the mitted to the Council the Committee’s report year, the United States Forces completed their planned [S/2012/543] on its activities from 17 June to 31 De- withdrawal from the country. 352 Part One: Political and security questions

In August, the Secretary-General informed the possibility of establishing a successor arrangement to Council of his intention to name Martin Kobler the high-level task force for advancing dialogue on (Germany) as his Special Representative and Head of issues related to disputed internal boundaries and the †‡„ˆ‚, succeeding Ad Melkert (Netherlands). status of Kirkuk. In addition, †‡„ˆ‚ was preparing an integrated economic package aimed at vulner- Political and security developments able populations in the disputed territories and was working on condence-building measures previously Report of Secretary-General (March). In a agreed upon by the task force in the areas of property March report on †‡„ˆ‚ activities [S/2011/213] , sub- claims and restitution, detainees and the educational mitted in response to Security Council resolution curriculum and language rights. 1936(2010) [YUN 2010, p. 366] and covering develop- Among other activities, †‡„ˆ‚ continued to sup- ments since his November 2010 report [ibid., p. 367] , port the Iraqi Independent High Electoral Commis- the Secretary-General said that the formation of sion in maintaining operational readiness. On 31 Jan- the new Government on 21 December [ibid., p. 370] uary, on behalf of the Iraq Partners Forum, the Special brought to an end the nine-month political stalemate Representative submitted to Prime Minister al-Maliki that followed the national elections held on 7 March the “Iraq Brieng Book”, which outlined policy rec- [ibid., p. 364] and should enable Iraqi leaders to begin ommendations in areas such as private sector develop- to tackle major political, social and economic chal- ment, the provision of essential services, human rights lenges. Several aspects of the 11 November 2010 and governance reform. U‡„ˆ‚ and the UN country power-sharing agreement [ibid., p. 367] had yet to be team also held discussions with Government o‰cials addressed, however, including the appointment of to assess how the United Nations Development Assis- the Minister of Planning and heads of three key tance Framework (†‡_„ ) process could help mitigate security-related ministries. Since late February 2011, the factors that had sparked the civil unrest, including a number of protests had occurred across Iraq over high unemployment, especially among the young, the the provision of basic services, the lack of employ- lack of essential services and corruption. Five †‡_„ ment opportunities and alleged corruption of o‰- priority working groups had been formed (governance cials, with several violent demonstrations resulting in and human rights; inclusive economic growth; envi- an estimated 20 people killed and 116 injured. On ronmental management; quality essential services; 27 February, Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki issued and investing in human capital) and the Iraq †‡_„ a statement requiring Government ministries to take multi-donor trust fund had been launched. As at Jan- uary 2011, the Iraq †‡_„ was 27.26 per cent funded. urgent steps over a period of 100 days to improve Of the $1.9 billion requested for the 2011–2014 living conditions and access to essential services. period, $518.431 million was available. Clashes also occurred between security forces and e security environment remained volatile, with protesters in the Sulemaniyah area of the Kurdistan persistent and unpredictable changes in the situa- region, and the political and security situation in tion. Over 3,000 security incidents took place dur- the disputed internal boundaries remained of par- ing the reporting period, which resulted in at least ticular concern. On the night of 25 to 26 February, 950 civilian deaths. e continued targeting of Iraq’s approximately 5,000 Peshmerga troops entered the Christian community, as a result of which hundreds Kirkuk governorate from the Kurdistan region, pass- of families had been displaced to Erbil from Baghdad ing through the combined security mechanism of and Mosul, was a source of concern. e Secretary- the Iraqi Army and the Peshmerga forces, which was General renewed his call on the Government to do intended to prevent tensions on the ground. ose its utmost to protect all communities that continued developments, together with the planned drawdown to be targeted for their religious beliefs. Expressing of the United States military, underscored the need concern over the use of force by Iraq’s security forces in to review the combined security mechanism through handling some protests, as well as reports of arbitrary a comprehensive dialogue that addressed the root arrests, detention and torture, and the ill-treatment of causes of tensions in northern Iraq. media personnel covering those events, he also called e Secretary-General’s Special Representative on the Government to conduct an independent in- continued to engage political gures and parties in vestigation into the alleged violations and to ensure a an e€ort to facilitate negotiations on outstanding measured approach that exercised maximum restraint issues related to the Government formation process in dealing with future protests. and to initiate political dialogue on Iraq’s disputed While commending Iraq’s political leaders for their territories. After the formation of the new Govern- commitment to dialogue and consensus building, the ment, the Special Representative held consultations Secretary-General stated that further steps should be with representatives of the Government of Iraq and taken to complete the Government formation process, of the Kurdistan Regional Government (^@%) on the including appointments to key security posts. He called Chapter IV: Asia and the Pacic 353 for the establishment of the National Council for Stra- issues related to power-sharing and the prospects of tegic Policies, as agreed in the power-sharing accord. Re- holding provincial council elections in Kirkuk. From cent demonstrations and the ensuing violence showed 10 to 14 June, the UN Under-Secretary-General for that Iraq was not immune to the wave of civil unrest af- Political A€airs, B. Lynn Pascoe, visited Iraq and met fecting the region, and underscored the need to address with senior Government o‰cials. He reiterated the the poor state of public services, high unemployment commitment of the United Nations to continue as- rates and the perceived failure to tackle corruption. sisting Iraq and discussed ways in which the Organi- Security Council consideration (April). On zation could focus its e€orts to best respond to the 8 April [S/PV.6511] , the Special Representative of the needs of the Iraqi people. He emphasized the readiness Secretary-General and Head of †‡„ˆ‚, Ad Melkert, of †‡„ˆ‚ to provide further assistance in identifying expressed the hope that the appointment that week of mutually agreeable solutions to pending issues related the Minister of Planning would contribute to fostering to the disputed internal territories. He also stressed the progress on the social and economic front. While devel- commitment of the UN country team to provide tech- opments in Iraq were no longer at the forefront of inter- nical advice and expertise in addressing development, national media coverage, Iraq’s stability was under pres- human rights and humanitarian challenges. sure. Particularly as the United States Forces prepared to e security environment remained challenging, leave, Iraq should not be forgotten and the international with attacks taking place against Iraqi security forces community should stand ready to continue its support. and in a mosque and a hospital. ere were also in- Report of Secretary-General (July). In a July re- creased levels of indirect-re attacks against the bases of the United States Forces and against Baghdad Inter- port on †‡„ˆ‚ operations [S/2011/435] , the Secretary- General said that demonstrations continued in Iraq national Airport and the International Zone in Bagh- dad. On 15 May, 11 rockets struck the International with protesters calling primarily for job creation, an Zone, followed by four rockets on 9 June. ose inci- improvement in the delivery of essential services and dents, together with ongoing bomb attacks by armed an end to corruption. On 8 April and 25 May, the opposition groups, underlined the continuing threat Sadrists organized a large demonstration in Baghdad UN operations faced. U‡„ˆ‚ was working on the and demanded that United States Forces leave Iraq by transition of security support from the United States the end of 2011. Since February, in response to public Forces to the Iraqi security forces and was taking steps protests, the Government had been working to full to put in place the necessary logistical arrangements its pledge to improve the socioeconomic situation. On to substitute the support of the United States Forces. 14 June, the Prime Minister addressed the nation on U‡„ˆ‚ was also continuing preparations to ensure the progress made by his Government. A further ef- that it was able to sustain a presence in Kirkuk and fort to accelerate policy decisions and implementation Basra. over the next three months had been agreed upon. ere were continuing disagreements among the Almost seven months after the Council of Repre- main political blocs regarding who should head the sentatives approved the new Iraqi Government, and country’s top three security ministries. 16 months after the historic parliamentary elections of March 2010 [YUN 2010, p. 364] , the Government On 31 March, Kurdish Peshmerga troops that had formation process still faced outstanding issues, been deployed around the city of Kirkuk since 25 Feb- particularly regarding appointments to key secu- ruary withdrew and returned to the Kurdistan region. rity posts. e Secretary-General called on politi- e incident served as a reminder of the challenges cal leaders to put aside their di€erences and move that remained as the United States Forces in Iraq drew swiftly to agree on the way forward. In the light of down and the combined security mechanism came the demonstrations in many parts of Iraq calling for to an end. e United States Forces continued their better social services, job creation and an end to cor- planned withdrawal from the country with the inten- ruption, the UN country team would continue to tion of completing their departure by 31 December. expand its presence and to provide support through e standing consultative mechanism, an initiative the priorities identied in the †‡_„ and the Na- launched in March under †‡„ˆ‚ auspices that brought tional Development Plan 2010–2014. Although the together representatives of key political blocs to discuss status of Kirkuk and other disputed internal territo- outstanding issues related to disputed internal territo- ries remained divisive issues, the Secretary-General ries, including Kirkuk, met several times during the was encouraged by recent e€orts by key Iraqi stake- reporting period. On 26 May, the mechanism focused holders to nd common ground. He encouraged on the future of the combined security mechanism, the Iraqi Government and the Kurdistan Regional including a possible liaison role for †‡„ˆ‚ under its Government to continue to use the standing consul- mandate. On 16 June, a meeting was held that brought tative mechanism to nd mutually acceptable solu- together for the rst time all members of the Coun- tions that served the interests of national reconcili- cil of Representatives from Kirkuk in order to discuss ation and long-term stability, and indicated that the 354 Part One: Political and security questions

United Nations stood ready to assist in that process Recognizing the e€orts of the Government of Iraq in the upon the Government’s request. promotion and protection of the human rights of women, rea‰rming its resolutions 1325(2000) of 31 October 2000, Communication. In a 27 July note [S/2011/464] to 1820(2008) of 19 June 2008, 1888(2009) of 30 September the Secretary-General, Iraq expressed its wish that 2009, 1889(2009) of 5 October 2009 and 1960(2010) of the †‡„ˆ‚ mandate be extended for a further period 16 December 2010 on women and peace and security, and of 12 months. reiterating the need for the full, equal and e€ective partici- pation of women, rea‰rming the key role that women can SECURITY COUNCIL ACTION play in re-establishing the fabric of society, and stressing the On 28 July [meeting 6594] , the Security Council need for their involvement in the development of national unanimously adopted resolution 2001(2011) . e strategies in order to take into account their perspectives, draft [S/2011/465] was submitted by the United States. Expressing the importance of addressing humanitarian is- sues confronting the Iraqi people, and stressing the need e Security Council , to continue to form a coordinated response and to provide Recalling all its previous relevant resolutions on Iraq, adequate resources to address these issues, in particular resolutions 1500(2003) of 14 August 2003, Underscoring the sovereignty of the Government of Iraq, 1546(2004) of 8 June 2004, 1557(2004) of 12 August 2004, rea‰rming that all parties should continue to take all feasi- 1619(2005) of 11 August 2005, 1700(2006) of 10 August ble steps and to develop modalities to ensure the protection 2006, 1770(2007) of 10 August 2007, 1830(2008) of 7 Au- of a€ected civilians, including children, women and mem- gust 2008, 1883(2009) of 7 August 2009 and 1936(2010) bers of religious and ethnic minority groups, and should of 5 August 2010, create conditions conducive to the voluntary, safe, digni- Rea!rming the independence, sovereignty, unity and ed and sustainable return of refugees and internally dis- territorial integrity of Iraq, placed persons or local integration of internally displaced Emphasizing the importance of the stability and security persons, welcoming commitments and encouraging con- of Iraq for the people of Iraq, the region and the interna- tinued e€orts of the Government for the relief of internally tional community, displaced persons, refugees and returnees, and noting the Encouraging the Government of Iraq to continue important role of the O‰ce of the United Nations High strengthening democracy and the rule of law, improving Commissioner for Refugees, based on its mandate, in pro- security and public order and combating terrorism and sec- viding continued advice and support to the Government, tarian violence across the country, and reiterating its sup- in coordination with the Mission, on these issues, port for the people and Government of Iraq in their e€orts Urging all those concerned, as set forth in international to build a secure, stable, federal, united and democratic na- humanitarian law, including the Geneva Conventions of tion, based on the rule of law and respect for human rights, 1949 and the Regulations annexed to the Hague Con- Welcoming improvements in the security situation in vention IV of 1907, to allow full unimpeded access by Iraq achieved through concerted political and security ef- humanitarian personnel to all people in need of assistance forts, and stressing that challenges to security in Iraq still and to make available, as far as possible, all facilities neces- exist and that improvements need to be sustained through sary for their operations, and to promote the safety, security meaningful political dialogue and national unity, and freedom of movement of humanitarian personnel and Underscoring the need for all communities in Iraq to United Nations and associated personnel and their assets, participate in the political process and an inclusive politi- Welcoming the important progress that Iraq has made cal dialogue, to refrain from statements and actions which towards regaining the international standing it held prior could aggravate tensions, to reach a comprehensive solution to the adoption of resolution 661(1990) on 6 August 1990, on the distribution of resources, and to ensure stability and calling upon the Government of Iraq to continue ongoing develop a just and fair solution for the nation’s disputed cooperation with the Government of Kuwait to address internal boundaries and work towards national unity, outstanding issues and to meet its outstanding obligations Rea!rming the importance of the United Nations, in particular the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq, under the relevant Chapter VII Security Council resolutions in advising, supporting and assisting the people and Gov- pertaining to the situation between Iraq and Kuwait, and ernment of Iraq to strengthen democratic institutions, underscoring the importance of ratication of the Addi- advance inclusive political dialogue and national reconcili- tional Protocol to its comprehensive safeguards agreement, ation, facilitate regional dialogue, develop processes accept- Expressing its deep gratitude to all the United Nations able to the Government of Iraq to resolve disputed internal sta€ in Iraq for their courageous and tireless e€orts, boundaries, aid vulnerable groups, including refugees and 1. Decides to extend the mandate of the United Nations internally displaced persons, strengthen gender equality, Assistance Mission for Iraq for a period of twelve months; promote the protection of human rights, and promote 2. Decides also that the Special Representative of the judicial and legal reform, and emphasizing the importance Secretary-General for Iraq and the Mission, at the request of the United Nations, in particular the Mission, prioritiz- of the Government of Iraq, and taking into account the let- ing advice, support and assistance to the people and Gov- ter dated 27 July 2011 from the Minister for Foreign A€airs ernment of Iraq to achieve these goals, of Iraq to the Secretary-General, shall continue to pursue Urging the Government of Iraq to continue to promote their mandate as stipulated in resolution 1936(2010); and protect human rights and also to consider additional 3. Recognizes that security of United Nations personnel steps to support the Independent High Commission for is essential for the Mission to carry out its work for the benet Human Rights, of the people of Iraq, and calls upon the Government of Iraq Chapter IV: Asia and the Pacic 355 and other Member States to continue to provide security and gas law and the disputed territories. U‡„ˆ‚ contin- logistical support to the United Nations presence in Iraq; ued its e€orts to promote political dialogue, primarily 4. Welcomes the contributions of Member States in through the standing consultative mechanism. In the providing the Mission with the nancial, logistical and light of the planned departure of the United States security resources and support that it needs to full its Forces, the Secretary-General urged the Government mission, and calls upon Member States to continue to provide the Mission with su‰cient resources and support; and ^@% to dene the future of the combined secu- 5. Expresses its intention to review the mandate of the rity mechanism in the disputed internal territories. Mission in twelve months or sooner, if requested by the He also welcomed the start of the process to appoint Government of Iraq; a new Board of Commissioners of the Independent 6. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the High Electoral Commission to ensure a smooth tran- Security Council every four months on the progress made sition once the tenure of the existing Board expired in towards the fullment of all responsibilities of the Mission; May 2012; encouraged transparency in the selection 7. Decides to remain seized of the matter. of the new Commissioners; and reiterated the readi- Appointment of Special Representative. On ness of the United Nations to extend technical advice and support in that regard. 4 August [S/2011/502] , the Secretary-General informed the Security Council of his intention to appoint Mar- e Secretary-General remained concerned by tin Kobler (Germany) as his Special Representative and reports of continued human rights violations, par- Head of †‡„ˆ‚ to succeed Ad Melkert (Netherlands). ticularly the pattern of violence. He encouraged the On 8 August [S/2011/503] , the Council took note of the Government and ^@% to nalize action plans on hu- appointment. man rights and called on the Government to inves- Report of Secretary-General (November). In tigate allegations of violations. During the reporting response to resolution 2001(2011) (see p. 354), the period, targeted attacks against civilians, Government Secretary-General submitted a November report o‰cials and security personnel continued. By some estimates, more than 10 Iraqis were killed or injured, [S/2011/736] in which he stated that Iraqi political lead- ers continued to discuss the implementation of power- on average, each day. On 15 July, two car bombs re- portedly killed at least eight people and injured at sharing agreements reached in November 2010 [YUN least 35 more in Karbala. On 25 September, attacks 2010, p. 367] that led to the formation of the current Gov- ernment. Despite considerable e€orts to form a national against Government buildings in Karbala governorate partnership Government, a number of issues remained, resulted in the deaths of dozens of civilians and the particularly with regard to who would head the coun- injury of many others. Attacks continued to be perpe- try’s main security ministries. He urged political leaders trated against civilians because of their religious and to come to an understanding on implementing their ethnic a‰liations, and against minorities. On 15 Au- past agreements so that the country could move for- gust, a car bomb in a market in Al-Kut killed more ward and focus on addressing other pressing challenges. than 60 people, including 16 children. Following the withdrawal of the United States e situation in Camp Ashraf (a refugee camp for Forces in Iraq from Diyala governorate on 15 August, exiled Iranians) remained worrisome, and there was an additional brigade of Kurdish Peshmerga forces a need to nd a peaceful and durable solution, given was deployed to the area. e arrival of those forces, the short time remaining before the Government’s an- which were normally supervised jointly by the Iraqi nounced closure date of 31 December. e Secretary- security forces, Kurdish troops and the United States General appealed to the Government to give the Forces in Iraq, resulted in some tension. Arrangements O‰ce of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees for the combined security mechanism in the disputed the time and space it needed to interview and register internal territories of Iraq after the withdrawal of the camp residents for resettlement. He also hoped that United States Forces remained to be dened. the Government would be willing to show some +ex- e decision by the Salah ad-Din Provincial Coun- ibility on the timing of the camp’s closure pending cil to initiate the process to declare itself an autono- tangible progress in the relocation of residents outside mous region, followed by similar calls in several other Iraq before the end of the year. governorates, and an incident in Khanaqin, where res- On regional issues, the Secretary-General con- idents protested against the Prime Minister’s request demned the continuing terrorist attacks by the Kurd- for the ^@% +ag to be removed from the District’s istan Workers Party and the Party of Free Life of administrative buildings, underscored the need for Kurdistan against Iraq’s neighbours, including Tur- greater understanding and cooperation between the key and Iran, and urged Iraq and a€ected countries to Government of Iraq, ^@% and the provincial councils. continue to engage in a constructive dialogue in order e Secretary-General urged the Government and to nd a peaceful solution to that challenge. ^@% to focus on resolving outstanding issues between Year-end developments. In a later report [S/2012/ them, particularly with respect to the pending oil and 185] , the Secretary-General stated that tensions had 356 Part One: Political and security questions risen between the main political blocs in Iraq. Al- Financing Iraqiya suspended its participation in plenary sessions of the Council of Representatives on 17 December, In a November report [A/66/354/Add.5 & Corr.1] , calling for national dialogue and full implementa- the Secretary-General submitted to the General tion of the November 2010 agreement on power- Assembly the proposed resource requirements sharing [YUN 2010, p. 367] . Political tensions between for †‡„ˆ‚ for 2012, totalling $172,790,400 net the State of Law Coalition and Al-Iraqiya escalated ($184,698,700 gross). In December „&„`{ [A/66/7/ further when the Higher Judicial Council issued an Add.12] , recommended that the Assembly approve the arrest warrant for Vice-President Tariq al-Hashimi, requested resources, subject to its observations and a senior member of Al-Iraqiya, on 19 December on recommendations. charges related to terrorism. On 27 December, Presi- On 24 December, in section IX of resolution dent Jalal Talabani and the Speaker of the Council of 66/247 (see p. 1393), the Assembly approved the Representatives agreed to convene a national confer- budgets for the 29 special political missions, including ence of all political blocs, to which all major parties †‡„ˆ‚, totalling $583,383,800. consented. e Secretary-General urged all concerned to redouble their e€orts to make that conference a Post-Development Fund mechanism success and ensure that it was held in a spirit of in- clusiveness, compromise and partnership, within the e International Advisory and Monitoring Board framework of the Constitution. He pledged †‡„ˆ‚’s (‚„ˆ`) for Iraq, established by Security Council reso- support for such an initiative. lution 1483(2003) [YUN 2003, p. 338] to ensure that In order to prevent violence that could have resulted the Development Fund for Iraq was used in a trans- from the forcible closure of Camp New Iraq (formerly parent manner for the benet of the Iraqi people and Camp Ashraf) by the Government, †‡„ˆ‚ signed a that Iraqi export sales of petroleum products were memorandum of understanding with the Govern- consistent with international market best practices, ment on 25 December providing for the relocation of concluded its work on 30 June, in accordance with the residents of Camp New Iraq to a temporary tran- Council resolution 1956(2010) [YUN 2010, p. 371] . e sit location, Camp Hurriya (formerly Camp Liberty), period from January 1 to June 30 was transitional in near Baghdad International Airport. On 21 Decem- nature, with ‚„ˆ` focusing on transitioning to the ber, in response to the Secretary-General’s request, successor body. e Governing Council of the United Prime Minister al-Maliki extended the deadline for Nations Compensation Commission took up the task the closure of Camp New Iraq from 31 December to of monitoring the developments following the expira- 30 April 2012. tion of the ‚„ˆ` mandate on 30 June 2011 and the In accordance with the 2008 status-of-forces transfer of the oversight of the control, reporting and agreement between the Governments of Iraq and the use of Iraqi oil export revenues to the Iraqi Commit- tee of Financial Experts, established in 2006 by the United States [YUN 2008, p. 389] , United States forces completed their withdrawal from Iraq on 18 Decem- Council of Ministers [YUN 2007, p. 353] . ber. Earlier, on 11 and 12 December, Prime Min- In February [A/65/328/Add.6] , the Secretary-General ister Al-Maliki visited the United States and met proposed requirements for the United Nations Repre- with President Barack Obama to discuss bilateral sentative on the International Advisory and Monitor- relations. Both reiterated their commitment to the ing Board of the Development Fund for Iraq, for the 2008 Strategic Framework Agreement between the period from 1 January to 30 June, totalling $24,600 two Governments. net ($24,600 gross), which „&„`{ endorsed in March [A/65/602/Add.1] . On 4 April, the General Assembly, in section II UNAMI of resolution 65/268 (see p. 1378), approved those e United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq amounts. (†‡„ˆ‚), established by Security Council resolution Iraq progress report. In a 29 April letter [S/2011/ 1500(2003) [YUN 2003, p. 346] , continued to sup- 290] to the Security Council, Iraq forwarded a re- port the Secretary-General in fullling his mandate port from its Government on progress towards the under Council resolution 1483(2003) [ibid., p. 338] , transition to a post-Development Fund for Iraq as extended by resolution 1546(2004) [YUN 2004, mechanism in accordance with Council resolution p. 348] . e Secretary-General’s Special Representa- 1956(2010) [YUN 2010, p. 371] . Iraq conrmed that tive and Head of †‡„ˆ‚ and his substantive, secu- it would continue to use the same mechanism es- rity and administrative support sta€ were based in tablished by resolution 1483(2003) or the transfer Baghdad, with regional o‰ces in Basra, Erbil and of 5 per cent of the proceeds from all export sales Kirkuk. of petroleum, petroleum products and natural gas Chapter IV: Asia and the Pacic 357 from Iraq to the Compensation Fund because it was established to continue to identify, in accordance considered the mechanism to be transparent and with paragraphs 19 and 23 of resolution 1483(2003) because it would ensure that Iraq would be able to [YUN 2003, p. 338] , individuals and entities associated continue to meet its obligations as provided for in with the former Iraqi regime whose funds, other - paragraph 21 of resolution 1483(2003). Iraq would nancial assets and economic resources should be consult the UN Secretariat on in-kind payments of frozen and transferred to the Development Fund for export sales of petroleum, petroleum products and Iraq. At year’s end, the Committee’s list of individu- natural gas from Iraq, with a view to nding a trans- als contained 86 names; its list of entities contained parent mechanism to ensure that the equivalent of 208 names. 5 per cent of such transactions was deposited into e Committee noted that the de-listing of three the Compensation Fund pursuant to paragraph 3 of individuals in 2011 had brought to a conclusion one resolution 1956(2010). of two separate matters that had been pending before Report of Secretary-General. In response the Committee since 2007. e Committee received to Security Council resolution 1956(2010), the two communications on 23 June from Iraq proposing Secretary-General, in December, submitted his rst the addition of eight names to the list of individuals report [S/2011/795] on the United Nations Compen- established pursuant to Security Council resolution sation Fund, which assessed performance following 1483(2003) and the amendment of the entries for two the 30 June transition to a post-Development Fund names already included in the same list. at request mechanism. With regard to the issue of arrange- remained pending before the Committee at the end of ments for ensuring that payments were made to the the year. Compensation Fund, the Governing Council of the Compensation Commission noted with satisfaction Non-proliferation and that since the transfer of the oversight function to disarmament obligations the Government of Iraq, there had been no change in the mechanism and that payments continued to In response to Security Council resolution be transferred to the Compensation Fund through 1957(2010) [YUN 2010, p. 374] , the Secretary-General the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Prior to submitted an October report [S/2011/607] on progress the transfer of the oversight function from ‚„ˆ` to made by Iraq on its commitment to ratify the Ad- the Committee of Financial Experts, the average ditional Protocol to the Comprehensive Safeguards monthly income to the Compensation Fund for the Agreement, concluded in the context of the 1968 rst half of 2011 was $319.3 million. e average Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weap- monthly income for the ve months following the ons, adopted by the General Assembly in resolution transfer was $341 million, with $1.3 billion trans- 2373(XXII) [YUN 1968, p. 17] , and meet its obligations ferred in the quarter following the transition and under the 1992 Convention on the Prohibition of the approximately $1 billion expected in the nal quar- Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of ter of 2011. Since the transition, the Compensation Chemical Weapons and on eir Destruction [YUN Commission had made two payments to Kuwait of 1992, p. 65] . Information was provided by the Inter- more than $1 billion each; the rst was made on national Atomic Energy Agency (‚„$„) and the Or- 28 July and the second on 27 October. While all ganization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons the indicators were positive and suggested that the (*\&}). I„$„ stated that, as at 5 September, the Ad- Government of Iraq was compliant with its obliga- ditional Protocol to the Comprehensive Safeguards tions under paragraph 21 of resolution 1483(2003), Agreement had not entered into force in Iraq, but since only after an audit of the successor account to the 17 February 2010, it had continued to be implemented Development Fund for Iraq would it be possible to provisionally pending its entry into force. On 30 Sep- conrm that conclusion. In that regard, it was noted tember 2011, *\&} reported that Iraq had acceded that the Committee of Financial Experts had ap- to the Chemical Weapons Convention on 13 January pointed the rm of Ernst & Young to conduct the 2009 [YUN 2009, p. 542] and that on 12 February 2009 2011 audit of the Development Fund for Iraq and the Convention had entered into force. On 12 Feb- its successor account. ruary 2009, Iraq had notied *\&} that it had des- ignated the Iraq National Monitoring Directorate to Security Council Committee serve as the national focal point for liaison with *\&}. established by resolution 1518(2003) Iraq had also submitted declarations under the vari- ous provisions of the Convention towards fullling its e Chairman of the Security Council Committee obligations. In that regard, it noted that *\&} had established by resolution 1518(2003) [YUN 2003, carried out the initial technical inspection of various p. 362] submitted to the Council the Committee’s former production and storage facilities from 1 to 4 annual report for 2011 [S/2011/806] . e Committee May 2011. 358 Part One: Political and security questions

Children and armed con!ict requested the Government to conduct investigations and prosecutions of the crime of recruitment and use In accordance with Security Council resolutions of children, to grant the United Nations and human 1612(2005) [YUN 2005, p. 863] and 1882(2009) [YUN rights monitoring bodies full access to detention fa- 2009, p. 740] , in June, the Secretary-General submitted cilities, including all those housing children at any the rst report [S/2011/366] on children and armed stage of the judicial process, and to work with †‡„ˆ‚ con+ict in Iraq to be presented to the Council and and †‡‚&$ to develop ways to prevent prolonged de- its Working Group on Children and Armed Con+ict, tention and identify alternatives for those children; covering the period from January 2008 to December encouraged the Government to cooperate with the 2010. e report highlighted trends and patterns of country task force on monitoring and reporting with grave violations against children in the context of a view to halting grave violations of children’s rights, the continuing con+ict in Iraq, such as the recruit- as stipulated by the Council in resolutions 1612(2005) ment and use of children, including the use of chil- and 1882(2009); and called on the country task force dren as suicide bombers; the killing and maiming of to share information, make recommendations and children; rape or other grave sexual violence against provide assistance to the Iraq intergovernmental children; abduction; attacks on schools and hospi- committee on Council resolution 1612(2005). tals; and denial of humanitarian access. e report Report of Working Group. The Security identied parties to the con+ict responsible for those Council Working Group on Children and Armed violations. e Secretary-General noted that access to Conflict, established by resolution 1612(2005) a€ected populations and children for monitoring and [YUN 2005, p. 863] , having considered the Secretary- verication purposes was not consistent. General’s report on 22 June, issued its conclusions e delay in forming the new Government after and recommendations on children and armed con- the March 2010 elections [YUN 2010, p. 364] resulted +ict in Iraq in October [S/AC.51/2011/6] . e Work- in the absence of formal dialogue on children a€ected ing Group encouraged the Government to follow up by armed con+ict between the United Nations and on commitments made to adopt additional measures the Government. On 13 January 2011, the Secretary- to criminalize the recruitment and use of children General’s Special Representative and the Representa- in armed con+ict by armed groups, and underlined tive of the United Nations Children’s Fund (†‡‚&$ ) the importance of granting the United Nations and met with the Minister for Foreign A€airs to initiate other humanitarian organizations access to children discussions on the Council resolution 1612(2005) held in detention facilities. It agreed to address a process regarding the implementation of the moni- message, through public statements by the Chair of toring and reporting mechanism. e Minister agreed the Working Group, to the armed groups mentioned to appoint a high-level representative to liaise with in the Secretary-General’s report, urging them to the country task force on monitoring and reporting halt violations and abuses against children and to and welcomed the implementation of the mechanism release all children remaining within their ranks. in the framework of Council resolutions 1612(2005) It would also address a message to civil and religious and 1882(2009). In addition, the Government estab- leaders urging them to publicly condemn the use of lished an intergovernmental committee on Council children, especially as suicide bombers. resolution 1612(2005) in April. Communication. On 8 November, the Security e Secretary-General urged the Iraqi security Council transmitted to the Secretary-General a letter forces and United States Forces in Iraq to ensure that [S/2011/697] from the Working Group’s Chairman, re- their rules of engagement included special protection questing that the Secretary-General, through †‡„ˆ‚ measures for children and were implemented fully; and †‡‚&$ , devise ways to ensure the proper deploy- recommended that the Ministry of Defence develop ment and outreach of child protection actors through- appropriate age verication procedures with respect to out Iraq. It also requested the Secretary-General to the Awakening Councils (a Sunni movement provid- direct the country task force on monitoring and report- ing security under the control of the Iraqi Ministry ing in Iraq to exchange information with, make rec- of Defence), and that it take appropriate measures to ommendations and provide necessary assistance to the improve the protection of children through a nal intergovernmental committee on Council resolution screening of all remaining Awakening Council mem- 1612(2005) established by the Government of Iraq. bers in coordination with child-protection partners; encouraged the Iraqi security forces to work closely Oil-for-food programme with †‡„ˆ‚ child protection to devise a training re- gime for the Iraqi security forces on grave child rights Under the UN oil-for-food programme, established violations and to devise an “alert system” to regularly by Security Council resolution 986(1995) [YUN 1995, apprise the country task force on monitoring and re- p. 475] , Iraq had been authorized to sell petroleum porting of possible grave rights violations in real time; and petroleum products to nance humanitarian as- Chapter IV: Asia and the Pacic 359 sistance, thereby alleviating the adverse consequences the report [S/2011/479] of the Board of Auditors on the of the sanctions imposed by the Council. e pro- United Nations escrow (Iraq) accounts for the year gramme was phased out in November 2003 [YUN ended 31 December 2010, re+ecting the transactions 2003, p. 362] . covering the seventh year of the phase-down opera- On 12 September, by decision 65/555 , the Gen- tions following the termination of the oil-for-food eral Assembly deferred consideration of the agenda programme in November 2003. item “Follow-up to the recommendations on admin- Income for the year totalled $3.7 million, while istrative management and internal oversight of the expenditures amounted to $46.9 million, resulting in Independent Inquiry Committee into the UN Oil- a shortfall of income over expenditure of $43.2 mil- for-Food Programme” to its sixty-sixth (2011) session. lion. As at 31 December 2010, total assets amounted On 24 December ( decision 66/557 ), the Assembly to $5 million, while liabilities amounted to $316,000 decided that the item would remain for consideration and reserves and fund balances were reduced to $4.7 at its resumed sixty-sixth (2012) session. million. As at 31 December 2010, the escrow (Iraq) ac- UN Iraq account counts were still under liquidation. e major factors Following the termination of all activities under a€ecting the full closure of the accounts were a delay the UN oil-for-food programme [YUN 2003, p. 362] , in the disposal of non-expendable property and the the United Nations retained responsibility for the non-settlement of small accounts receivable and pay- administration and execution of letters of credit is- able balances. e Board recommended that measures sued under the programme by the bank holding the be taken to dispose of the remaining non-expendable UN Iraq Account, Banque Nationale de Paris Paribas, property; settle the outstanding accounts payable and for purchasing humanitarian supplies for the south/ receivable; and transfer all remaining unencumbered centre of Iraq, until such letters were executed or ex- funds in the escrow accounts to _ ‚ in accordance pired, in accordance with Security Council resolution with relevant Council resolutions. Subsequently, the 1483(2003) [ibid., p. 338] . At that stage, some 3,009 Board was informed that the receivable and payable prioritized contracts, with associated letters of credit balances had been cleared up and the remainder had valued at approximately $8 billion, were considered been transferred to _ ‚ on 6 June 2011. e disposal essential for the reconstruction and/or humanitarian of the non-expendable property had also been com- needs of the Iraqi people. pleted, except for that held by one agency. e Secretary-General informed the Council in In July, the Secretary-General transmitted to the December 2010 [YUN 2010, p. 375] that all 43 of the Council the report [S/2011/480] of the Board of Audi- outstanding letters of credit, worth approximately tors on the audit of the United Nations escrow ac- $101 million, had expired according to their terms, count established by Council resolution 1958(2010) and six could not be paid due to the inability to locate for the period from 15 to 31 December 2010. In the beneciaries or the beneciaries not providing the accordance with resolution 1958(2010), the sum of documentation required by the relevant letter of credit. $151 million was transferred from the United Na- By resolution 1958(2010) of 24 December [ibid., p. 376] , tions escrow (Iraq) accounts to a new escrow ac- the Council requested the Secretary-General to take count, comprising $20 million in the administration actions to terminate all residual activities under the oil- fund and $131 million in the indemnication reserve for-food programme, including establishing an escrow fund. As at 31 December 2010, total income (from account retaining $20 million for the Organization’s interest) amounted to $6,000, while no expenditure expenses terminating those activities and $131 million was incurred; the cash balance was $151 million. As for providing indemnication to the United Nations, requested in resolution 1958(2010), the Secretary- its representatives, agents and independent contractors General terminated all residual activities under the until 31 December 2016. oil-for-food programme. As a result, the remaining 43 As at 31 December 2010, the remaining 43 out- outstanding letters of credit with an aggregate value of standing letters of credit were cancelled; a new escrow $101 million were cancelled as at 31 December 2010. account in the amount of $151 million was estab- e claims of the 43 letters of credit, however, were lished; and an amount of $656 million was trans- not disclosed as contingent liabilities in the notes to ferred from the UN escrow (Iraq) accounts to the the nancial statements. e Board was of the view Development Fund for Iraq (_ ‚), bringing the total that there should have been consistency of account- amount transferred to _ ‚ from 2003 to 2010 to $11.1 ing treatment for cancelled letters of credit for which billion. e remaining balances were transferred to claims still existed. Measures were subsequently taken _ ‚ on 6 June 2011. to address the ndings noted during the audit, and Reports of Board of Auditors. In July, the corresponding changes were re+ected in the revised Secretary-General transmitted to the Security Council nancial statements. 360 Part One: Political and security questions

erate with the e€orts of the Coordinator to achieve Iraq–Kuwait his mandate. e Secretary-General expressed con- cern at the lack of progress in the search for the Ku- POWs, Kuwaiti property and waiti national archives, and the Coordinator urged missing persons Iraq to set up an o‰cial body to exert credible e€orts to nd them. e Secretary-General concluded that In response to Security Council resolution the emerging pattern of joint exploratory/excavation 1284(1999) [YUN 1999, p. 230] , the Secretary-General missions in the framework of the Technical Sub- reported in 2011 on Iraq’s compliance with its obli- committee was a promising approach for expediting gations regarding the issue of missing Kuwaiti and practical progress on the ground. He warned that the third-country nationals and the repatriation of Ku- task of discovering the fate of missing Kuwaiti and waiti property seized by Iraq during its occupation third-country nationals should not be in+uenced by of Kuwait as of August 1990 [YUN 1990, p. 189] . e political factors and considerations. Since the organi- High-level Coordinator for compliance by Iraq with its zational and logistical aspects of the search for the obligations regarding the return of Kuwaiti nationals missing persons appeared to be in place, the goal of and property, Gennady Tarasov (Russian Federation) nding and identifying the victims and nally clos- briefed the Council in June and December. ing their cases was an imperative. He recommended Report of Secretary-General (June). In his that the Council extend the nancing of the High- June report [S/2011/373] , the Secretary-General level Coordinator’s mandate until December 2011. stated that the adoption of Council resolutions Annexed to the report was an 18 April letter from 1956(2010) [YUN 2010, p. 371] , 1957(2010) [ibid., the Acting Chairman of the Kuwaiti National Com- p. 374] and 1958(2010) [ibid., p. 376] lifted several mittee for Missing Persons and Prisoner of War major Chapter VII mandates on Iraq. us, Iraq’s A€airs, which summarized information on Kuwaiti remaining obligations to Kuwait mainly concerned and third-country nationals whose remains were the les of missing persons and property. During found in Iraq in 2003 and 2004. the rst half of 2011, the High-level Coordinator Security Council press statement. On 22 June focused his activities on building condence and [SC/10289] , following a brieng from the High-level Co- cooperation between Kuwait and Iraq with a view ordinator, Council members supported the Secretary- to strengthening their practical engagement in the General’s recommendation to extend the nancing of search for missing persons and property and en- the activities of the High-level Coordinator, noted the couraging them to achieve visible and signicant limited progress made in clarifying the fate of the Ku- progress towards the implementation of the objec- waiti national archives, and urged Iraq to establish an ef- tives of Council resolution 1284(1999). A high-level fective national body to lead and coordinate e€orts with Iraqi-Kuwaiti exchange of visits provided a positive regard to the Kuwaiti national archives and property, environment for the Co-ordinator’s contacts with and report the results to the United Nations. the representatives of the two countries, as well as Report of Secretary-General (December). In a with the other members of the Tripartite Commis- December report [S/2011/754] , the Secretary-General sion [YUN 2001, p. 293] , composed of representatives said that the High-level Coordinator was actively of Iraq, Kuwait and the 1990–1991 coalition (France, engaged with both Iraq and Kuwait to assist them Saudi Arabia, United Kingdom, United States) and in building mutual trust and condence with a view its Technical Subcommittee, which remained the to intensifying the search for missing persons. His primary body for dealing with the issue of persons priority was to facilitate, within the framework of unaccounted for from the 1990–1991 Gulf War. the Technical Subcommittee and under the aegis A priority was to assist and facilitate the setting up of of the International Committee of the Red Cross, an e€ective mechanism within the framework of the the sending of joint exploratory missions to sites Technical Subcommittee to conduct regular explora- on Iraqi territory where Kuwaiti and third-country tory missions to sites on Iraqi territory where Kuwaiti persons might have been buried. ree such mis- and third-country victims might have been buried. sions had been conducted. Although no human On 22 and 23 May, the High-level Coordinator met remains had been discovered, the missions repre- with Iraq’s Minister for Human Rights, who noted sented a promising format for further work on the that the 18 May high-level consultative meeting of ground and had the potential to become an e€ective the Tripartite Commission had, for the rst time in functional mechanism to probe the fate of missing many years, demonstrated the determination of all persons. In November, the High-level Coordinator, participants to attain speedy progress. Kuwait had on the sidelines of the Tripartite Commission meet- provided a grant of $974,000 to help build Iraq’s ca- ing in Geneva, met the Minister of Human Rights pacity in mass-grave excavations and identication of of Iraq, Mohammed S. Al-Sudaney, as well as the missing persons. He reiterated that Iraq would coop- Kuwaiti delegation. Minister Al-Sudaney outlined Chapter IV: Asia and the Pacic 361

Iraqi e€orts to gather information and expand the On 6 September [S/2011/568] , Iraq transmitted database on potential sites containing mass graves. a letter from its Minister for Foreign A€airs to the He also noted that his Ministry had prepared a plan Secretary-General regarding the Council’s 22 June of action for 2012 that accorded priority to more press statement. e Minister pledged full Iraqi co- investigations at Khamisiyah, Ramadi and Hilla in operation in that regard and stated that Iraq did not Iraq. e Minister indicated that Iraq had received see the need to extend the High-level Coordinator’s the equipment purchased with the $974,000 Ku- mandate beyond 31 December 2011, since existing waiti grant for the excavation of mass graves and international and Iraqi national bodies could work the identication of missing persons. Following e€ectively for the benet of Iraq and Kuwait. the November Tripartite Commission meeting, the On 15 November [S/2011/721] , the Permanent Rep- members of the Commission decided to step up resentative of Iraq stated that his Government had the information-gathering process on the possible implemented the recommendations contained in the burial sites and agreed to work out a plan of action Secretary-General’s June report and that the Iraqi in both Iraq and Kuwait for 2012. In a related de- authorities had approved the establishment of a com- velopment, 32 sets of remains of Iraqi military per- mittee to coordinate e€orts relating to the Kuwaiti sonnel, discovered earlier in the year by a Technical national archives. He also reported that 136 micro- Subcommittee mission in Kuwait, were handed over lm cassettes that included the archive of the o‰cial to the Iraqi authorities in July. A similar mission newspaper Kuwait Today had been handed over by an went to northern Kuwait at the end of November. Iraqi citizen and that the Kuwaiti Embassy in Bagh- us, the Technical Subcommittee had become dad had been informed. “a two-way street”, dealing with missing persons from both countries. e Secretary-General stated that Financing of High-level Coordinator. In while three exploratory missions carried out inside a 14 February letter [S/2011/98] to the Security Coun- Iraq had not uncovered any remains of missing per- cil, the Secretary-General said that the 2010 man- sons, their e€orts had established condence that se- dated activities for the High-level Coordinator had rious engagement was under way. He recommended led to expenditures of $271,903. ose funds were that the Security Council extend the nancing of the provided through transfers from the Iraq escrow ac- Coordinator’s mandate until 30 June 2012. count. A further allocation of $239,750 would be Security Council press statement. On 15 De- necessary to nance the activities of the High-level cember, the Council was briefed by the High-level Coordinator and his sta€ until 30 June 2011. Should Coordinator. In a statement to the press [SC/10490] , the Council agree, those funds would be transferred Council members welcomed the continued coopera- within the escrow account and made available to the tion by Iraq and Kuwait and their high-level commit- UN Department of Political A€airs. On 3 March ments to full implementation of all Iraqi obligations [S/2011/99] , the Council informed the Secretary- under the relevant Council resolutions. ey also General of its concurrence with the proposal. stressed the need for Iraq to build on steps already On 26 July [S/2011/477] , the Secretary-General taken to fully meet those commitments. informed the Council that expenditures for the ac- Communications. On 21 June [S/2011/382] , tivities of the High-level Coordinator amounted to Iraq transmitted to the Council its position on $168,405 from 1 January to 30 June 2011. It would the Secretary-General’s June report (see p. 360). be necessary to allocate resources of $214,600 to sup- It objected to the extension of the High-level Co- port those activities until 31 December. e Council ordinator’s mandate, stating that national committees approved that amount on 29 July [S/2011/478] . existed that were responsible for the issues of property, archives and missing Kuwaitis, and that the Tripar- UN Compensation Commission and Fund tite Commission and its Technical Subcommittee also dealt with the issue of missing Kuwaitis. e United Nations Compensation Commission, On 13 July [S/2011/428] , Kuwait transmitted a letter established in 1991 [YUN 1991, p. 195] for the resolu- from its Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for For- tion and payment of claims against Iraq for losses and eign A€airs concerning developments regarding Iraq’s damages resulting from its 1990 invasion and occupa- outstanding obligations on issues regarding prisoners tion of Kuwait [YUN 1990, p. 189] , continued in 2011 to and the return of property and the national archives; expedite the settlement of claims through the United maintenance of border markers; and compensation. Nations Compensation Fund, which was established It welcomed the Council’s 22 June press statement at the same time as the Commission. Under Security [SC/10289] (see p. 360) and expressed its support for Council resolution 1483(2003) [YUN 2003, p. 338] , the the continuation of the mandate of the High-level Fund received 5 per cent of the proceeds generated by Coordinator in order to ensure the implementation export sales of Iraqi petroleum, petroleum products of Council resolution 1284(1999). and natural gas. 362 Part One: Political and security questions

During 2011, the Commission paid out $680 mil- support to the national police; helped strengthen the lion to Kuwait on 27 January for distribution to nine country’s human rights capacity; and cooperated with claimants; $880 million on 28 April to nine claim- UN bodies and their partners in peacebuilding and ants; $1,059 million on 28 July to nine claimants; and capacity-building. In February, the Council extended $1,038.4 million on 27 October to eight claimants. As the †‡ˆ‚! mandate until 26 February 2012. at 27 October, the Compensation Commission had made available $34.3 billion to over 100 Governments Political and security developments and international organizations for distribution to 1.5 million successful claimants in all categories. Report of Secretary-General (January). Pursu- Governing Council. e Commission’s Govern- ant to Security Council resolution 1912(2010) [YUN ing Council held two sessions in Geneva in 2011— 2010, p. 379] , the Secretary-General submitted a Janu- the seventy-rst (5–7 April) [S/2011/284] and the sev- ary report [S/2011/32] on developments in Timor-Leste enty-second (11–13 October) [S/2011/639] —at which and on the activities of †‡ˆ‚! for the period from it considered reports on the activities of the Com- 21 September 2010 to 7 January 2011. e overall mission; the consultations between Iraq and Kuwait situation in the country was calm with general trends under the auspices of the Commission regarding showing progress towards long-term peace, stability the unpaid balance owed to Kuwait; the arrange- and development. On 3 January, the Secretary of ments for ensuring that payments were made to the State for the Council of Ministers issued a press re- Compensation Fund; the Follow-up Programme for lease stressing that the Government would mobilize Environmental Awards; and in-kind transactions. resources to ensure peace, growth and a prosperous Having considered the progress made by the par- Timor-Leste for all future generations. e security ticipating Governments under the Follow-up Pro- environment remained stable, with no major inci- gramme, which monitored the implementation of dents of public disorder or spikes in reported crime, approximately $4.3 billion of environmental reme- including in districts where the national police had diation and restoration projects being undertaken by resumed primary policing responsibilities. ere was the Governments of Iran, Jordan, Kuwait and Saudi a planned reduction in †‡ˆ‚! police strength during Arabia, the Governing Council adopted decision 269 the reporting period, with 1,480 o‰cers (including [S/AC.26/Dec.269(2011)] concerning the fullment of 76 women) deployed as at 7 January, 523 of whom the Follow-up Programme. at decision provided were in the formed police units. Of those, 326 o‰c- that the mandate of the Programme would be ful- ers were deployed in Dili and 197 in other districts. lled when the participating Governments estab- While †‡ˆ‚! police continued to perform the man- lished structural systems and controls and provided dated task of interim law enforcement, they increas- adequate assurances for their maintenance and for ingly focused their e€orts on supporting the training, the use of the award funds for the completion of the capacity-building and institutional development of projects and a determination to that e€ect by the the national police. Close liaison with the interna- Governing Council. tional security forces also continued. Noting the pro- gress achieved in the resumption of primary policing On 24 December, the General Assembly decided responsibilities by the national police, the Secretary- that the item on the “Consequences of the Iraqi General concluded that completion in all the districts occupation of and aggression against Kuwait” would and units was likely in the coming months, marking remain for consideration during its resumed sixty- the beginning of the reconstitution phase at which sixth (2012) session ( decision 66/557 ). time †‡ˆ‚! would hand over to the national police Communication. In a 27 December letter [S/2011/ responsibility for the conduct and the command and 800] , the Iraqi Foreign Minister requested the Security control of all police operations in Timor-Leste. Fol- Council to allow Iraq access to the complete archives lowing the handover, there would be a continuing of requests for compensation submitted to the Com- need for an †‡ˆ‚! police presence to support the fur- mission. ther institutional development and capacity-building of the national police, as well as to provide operational support, particularly during the 2012 presidential and Timor-Leste parliamentary elections. He recommended an exten- sion of the †‡ˆ‚! mandate for a period of 12 months, During 2011, the United Nations Integrated Mission with the same composition and authorized levels of in Timor-Leste (†‡ˆ‚!), established by Security Coun- personnel, while continuing the gradual decrease of cil resolution 1704(2006) [YUN 2006, p. 422] , continued police personnel as outlined in the report. to carry out its mandate to assist the Government in On 24 February, by resolution 1969(2011) (see consolidating stability, enhancing democratic gover- below), the Council extended the mandate of †‡ˆ‚! nance and facilitating political dialogue. It also provided for one year. After successful elections, the Mission Chapter IV: Asia and the Pacic 363 would be expected to be drawn down towards the Welcoming also the progress made in strengthening ca- end of 2012. e Council requested †‡ˆ‚! to sup- pacities in the justice and corrections sectors, which has port the preparation of parliamentary and presidential resulted in enhanced access to justice, reductions in pend- elections planned for 2012. ing criminal prosecution cases and improved prison infra- structure, as well as the enactment of important legislation, such as the Criminal Code and the Law against Domestic SECURITY COUNCIL ACTION Violence, On 24 February [meeting 6487] , the Security Council Recognizing the steps taken by the Government of unanimously adopted resolution 1969(2011) . e Timor-Leste to further strengthen the institutional capaci- ties and e€ectiveness of the Anti-Corruption Commission draft [S/2011/86] was submitted by 20 countries. and the Civil Service Commission and to consolidate broad e Security Council , support for anti-corruption measures, and emphasizing the Rea!rming all its previous resolutions and the state- importance of e€ective laws, institutions, mechanisms and ments by its President on the situation in Timor-Leste, norms relating to the transparency, accountability and ef- in particular resolutions 1599(2005) of 28 April 2005, ciency of public administration for the long-term stability 1677(2006) of 12 May 2006, 1690(2006) of 20 June 2006, and development of the country, 1703(2006) of 18 August 2006, 1704(2006) of 25 August Welcoming the commencement of a jointly owned transi- 2006, 1745(2007) of 22 February 2007, 1802(2008) of tion planning and implementation mechanism, including 25 February 2008, 1867(2009) of 26 February 2009 and the rst meeting of the High-Level Committee on Tran- 1912(2010) of 26 February 2010, sition and agreement on the establishment of seven joint Welcoming the report of the Secretary-General of 25 Jan- technical working groups, and stressing the importance of uary 2011, this process proceeding in a manner that supports national priorities and concerns, Reaffirming its full commitment to the sovereignty, Welcoming also the further progress towards the full independence, territorial integrity and national unity of resumption of primary policing responsibilities by the Timor-Leste and the promotion of long-term stability in National Police of Timor-Leste, the country, Rea!rming the need to implement fully the “Arrange- Taking note of the general stability through further im- ment on the Restoration and Maintenance of Public Se- provements in the political and security situation, and wel- curity in Timor-Leste and on Assistance to the Reform, coming the strong commitment of the leadership and other Restructuring and Rebuilding of the Timorese National stakeholders in Timor-Leste to fostering national dialogue Police and the Ministry of the Interior”, concluded between and peaceful and inclusive participation in democratic the Government of Timor-Leste and the United Nations processes and their ongoing e€orts to promote continued Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste on 1 December 2006, peace, stability and unity, and expressing concern that the Government has certied Welcoming the e€orts of the Government of Timor-Leste 52 National Police o‰cers who face serious disciplinary and to promote cooperation and dialogue between local and criminal charges, national authorities, including through consultations on Noting the continuing need for support to the further the Government’s development plans for 2011, held from institutional development and capacity-building of the 27 to 29 December 2010, and encouraging further e€orts National Police of Timor-Leste, particularly through the in this regard, transfer of skills to address existing demands, following its Welcoming also the e€orts of the political leadership of resumption of policing responsibilities in all districts and Timor-Leste to create opportunities for all political par- units, ties to make contributions to issues of national interest, as Expressing its full support for the role of the international exemplied by the concluding conference of the National security forces in assisting the Government of Timor-Leste Consensus Dialogue on Truth, Justice and Reconciliation, and the Mission in the maintenance of law and stability, held from 21 to 23 October 2010, in response to the requests of the Government, Rea!rming the need for respect for the independence Welcoming the progress of the Government of Timor- of the judiciary, stressing the need to act against impunity, Leste in achieving strong economic growth and socio- while noting the continuing serious resource constraints economic development, including reductions in the per- of the judicial system, and encouraging the leadership of centage of the population living in poverty and the im- Timor-Leste to continue to increase its e€orts to establish provement of human development indicators, while accountability for serious criminal o€ences, including acknowledging the challenges that remain in achieving those committed during the 2006 crisis, as recommended inclusive and sustainable growth, particularly through the by the Independent Special Commission of Inquiry for promotion of rural development, the private sector and Timor-Leste, employment generation, especially for the youth, and by Welcoming the commencement on 21 September 2010 regulating land and property titles and ownership, of deliberations by the National Parliament of Timor-Leste Welcoming also the commitment and action of the Gov- on the draft laws on reparations and on the establishment ernment of Timor-Leste to promote the objectives of Secu- of follow-on institutions to the Commission for Reception, rity Council resolution 1325(2000) of 31 October 2000, Truth and Reconciliation and the Commission for Truth including measures taken to protect women and girls from and Friendship, pursuant to the resolution of the National gender-based violence, especially those measures relating Parliament adopted on 14 December 2009, and encourag- to the implementation of the new Law against Domestic ing further progress in nalizing this legislation, Violence, and the work of the Vulnerable Persons Units 364 Part One: Political and security questions of the National Police of Timor-Leste, and other measures continue to support the Government, as requested, in its relating to the situation of women and girls, e€orts in the country; Noting the e€orts of the Government of Timor-Leste to 5. Emphasizes the importance of taking all measures nalize the National Strategic Development Plan covering necessary to ensure the credibility and integrity of the the period from 2011 to 2030, and stressing the need to National Police of Timor-Leste, including resolving any continue such e€orts, outstanding disciplinary and criminal charges faced by Recalling that, while Timor-Leste has seen progress in National Police o‰cers; many aspects of its political, economic and social develop- 6. Encourages further e€orts to complete the resump- ment, as well as in human resources development and insti- tion of primary policing responsibilities by the National tution-building, the country still faces many challenges in Police of Timor-Leste in all districts and units, on the basis areas related to the underlying factors of the 2006 crisis and of the criteria mutually agreed upon by the Government needs the continued assistance of bilateral and multilateral of Timor-Leste and the Mission, including through jointly partners in order to fully realize its potential for equitable agreed measures to enhance the institutional capacity of and sustainable growth, the National Police in the remaining districts and units; Acknowledging the contribution that Timor-Leste 7. Endorses the reconguration of the Mission police has made in demonstrating the critical importance of component to take account of the changing nature of its institution-building in post-con+ict peacebuilding, role and function in Timor-Leste and the plan for its draw- Stressing the importance for Timor-Leste’s long-term down, in accordance with the wishes of the Government stability of ensuring a peaceful, credible and transparent of Timor-Leste, conditions on the ground and following electoral process in 2012, the successful completion of the 2012 electoral process, Stressing also the importance of promoting a continued as recommended in paragraph 61 of the report of the understanding of, and respect for, the checks and balances Secretary-General; among the core institutions of State, 8. Requests the Mission to continue to provide interim Welcoming the continued e€orts of the Government of law enforcement and to ensure the maintenance of public Timor-Leste in providing for the full reintegration of security in those districts and units in which the National internally displaced persons into their communities and Police of Timor-Leste has yet to resume primary policing into the Timorese society, responsibilities and, following the resumption of primary Recognizing the important role that the Mission contin- policing responsibilities by the National Police, to provide ues to play in promoting peace, stability and development operational support to the National Police, within its cur- in Timor-Leste, and expressing its appreciation for the ef- rent mandate, as mutually agreed between the Government forts of the Mission and the United Nations country team, of Timor-Leste and the Mission; under the leadership of the Special Representative of the 9. Also requests the Mission to support the further insti- Secretary-General for Timor-Leste, tutional development and capacity-building of the National 1. Decides to extend the mandate of the United Na- Police of Timor-Leste following its resumption of primary tions Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste until 26 February policing responsibilities in all districts and units, including 2012 at the current authorized levels; through the prompt deployment of the 19 additional civil- 2. Urges all parties in Timor-Leste, in particular po- ian experts within its police component as referred to in the litical leaders, to continue to work together and engage in report of the Secretary-General, expresses its support for the political dialogue and to consolidate peace, democracy, the work of the joint working group of the National Police and rule of law, sustainable social and economic development, the Mission police in developing a plan for further capacity- the promotion of protection of human rights and the ad- building support for the National Police focusing on the vancement of national reconciliation in the country, and ve major areas for its further development identied in rea‰rms its full support for the continued e€orts of the the Strategic Development Plan for the National Police for Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Timor- 2011–2012, and emphasizes the signicant role to be played Leste aimed at addressing critical political and security- in this by other bilateral and multilateral partners and the related issues facing the country, including enhancing importance of promoting Timorese leadership; a culture of democratic governance, through inclusive and 10. Underscores the need for the concept of operations collaborative processes; and rules of engagement to be regularly updated as neces- 3. Requests the Mission to extend the necessary sup- sary and to be fully in line with the provisions of the present port, within its current mandate, for the preparation of resolution; the parliamentary and presidential elections of 2012, as re- 11. Rea!rms the importance of ongoing e€orts to quested by the Government of Timor-Leste and in accor- achieve accountability and justice, expresses its support for dance with the recommendations of the planned electoral the work of the Mission in assisting the Government of assessment mission, and encourages the international com- Timor-Leste in this regard, within its mandate, as well as munity to assist in this process; for the initiatives to strengthen the O‰ce of the Provedor 4. Rea!rms the importance that the Government for Human Rights and Justice, and underlines the impor- of Timor-Leste continues the review and reform of the tance of the implementation by the Government of the rec- security sector in Timor-Leste, in particular the need to ommendations contained in the report of the Independent delineate roles and responsibilities between the Falintil- Special Commission of Inquiry for Timor-Leste of 2 Octo- Forças de Defesa de Timor-Leste and the National Police of ber 2006, including paragraphs 225 to 228 thereof; Timor-Leste, to strengthen legal frameworks and to en- 12. Underlines the importance of a coordinated ap- hance civilian oversight and accountability mechanisms proach to the justice sector reform, taking into account of both security institutions, and requests the Mission to the recommendations of the independent comprehensive Chapter IV: Asia and the Pacic 365 needs assessment and through the implementation of the 20. Rea!rms the importance of the medium-term strat- Government of Timor-Leste’s Justice Sector Strategic Plan, egy and benchmarks for measuring and tracking progress in and the ongoing need to increase Timorese ownership and Timor-Leste and assessing the level and form of United Na- strengthen national capacity in judicial line functions, in- tions support and cooperation with the Government of Ti- cluding the training and specialization of national lawyers mor-Leste while keeping the benchmarks under active review, and judges, and emphasizes the need for sustained support and underlines the importance of ownership of the strategy of the international community in capacity-building and by the leaders and people of Timor-Leste in this process; strengthening of institutions in this sector, building on the 21. Encourages the Government of Timor-Leste, the recent positive developments, including the drafting and Mission, the United Nations country team and other rel- enactment of important legislation, such as the Criminal evant stakeholders, including within the framework of the Code and the Law against Domestic Violence; High-Level Committee on Transition, to continue to inten- 13. Requests the Mission to continue its e€orts, adjust- sify the ongoing discussion on the strategy and modalities ing them as necessary to enhance the effectiveness of for the transition and preparation for future changes to the the judiciary, in assisting the Government of Timor-Leste nature and scope of the United Nations presence on the in carrying out the proceedings recommended by the ground post-Mission; Commission of Inquiry; 22. Decides to remain seized of the matter. 14. Calls upon the Mission to continue to support the Government of Timor-Leste in its e€orts to coordinate do- Report of Secretary-General (October). In re- nor cooperation in areas of institutional capacity-building; sponse to Security Council resolution 1969(2011) (see 15. Recognizes the importance of the development p. 363), the Secretary-General submitted an October plans devised by the Government of Timor-Leste, espe- report [S/2011/641] on developments in Timor-Leste and cially the attention paid to infrastructure, rural develop- the activities of †‡ˆ‚! for the period from 8 January to ment and human resources capacity development, and in 20 September. e overall situation remained generally this regard calls upon the Mission to continue to cooperate calm, with continued progress towards the consolida- and coordinate with the United Nations agencies, funds tion of peace, stability and development. Political par- and programmes, as well as all relevant partners, to sup- ties intensied their internal organizational activities in port the Government and relevant institutions in designing poverty reduction, education improvement, promotion of preparation for the 2012 presidential and parliamentary sustainable livelihood and economic growth policies; elections. e Congresso Nacional da Reconstrução de 16. Encourages the Government of Timor-Leste to Timor-Leste (&‡@!), the largest party in the Alliance for strengthen peacebuilding perspectives in such areas as em- a Parliamentary Majority Government, held its second ployment and empowerment, especially focusing on rural national congress from 29 April to 2 May 2011. e areas and youth, as well as local socio-economic develop- Prime Minister, Kay Rala Xanana Gusmão, and Di- ment, in particular in the agricultural sector; onisio Babo Soares were re-elected &‡@! President and 17. Requests the Mission to fully take into account gen- Secretary-General, respectively. President José Ramos- der considerations as set out in Security Council resolutions Horta continued his e€orts to foster national unity and 1325(2000), 1820(2008) of 19 June 2008, 1888(2009) of stability by means of public messages and the organiza- 30 September 2009 and 1889(2009) of 5 October 2009 as a cross-cutting issue throughout its mandate, stressing tion of high-prole events, including the second “Dili– the importance of strengthening the responsiveness of the City of Peace” marathon in June and the third “Tour de security sector to the specic needs of women, and reaf- Timor” bicycle race in September. rms Council resolutions 1674(2006) of 28 April 2006 On 27 March, the national police—the Polícia and 1894(2009) of 11 November 2009 on the protection Nacional de Timor-Leste (\‡!])—resumed respon- of civilians and resolution 1502(2003) of 26 August 2003 sibility for the conduct, command and control of all on the protection of humanitarian and United Nations police operations in the country. e resumption did personnel; not detrimentally a€ect the continuing low crime 18. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to take the measures necessary to ensure full compliance by the rate. U‡ˆ‚! police continued to provide operational Mission with the United Nations zero-tolerance policy on support to \‡!] in such areas as close protection, joint sexual exploitation and abuse and to keep the Council in- patrols and border policing. A number of incidents formed, and urges those countries contributing troops and involving martial arts and youth groups occurred, as police to take appropriate preventive action and to ensure well as some friction between \‡!] and members of full accountability in cases of such conduct involving their the defence forces—the Falintil-Forças de Defesa de personnel; Timor-Leste. Given the generally calm security situa- 19. Also requests the Secretary-General to keep the tion and positive political climate, †‡ˆ‚!, jointly with Council regularly informed of the developments on the the Government, was proceeding with the transition ground and to submit to the Council, no later than 15 Oc- process on the assumption that the overall situation tober 2011 and 26 January 2012, reports that include an update regarding the High-Level Committee on Transition would remain stable and peaceful, allowing for con- and progress concerning the critical tasks that will need to tinued planning for the Mission’s departure by the be accomplished post-election, and on planning concern- end of 2012. e joint transition plan set out four ing the United Nations presence in Timor-Leste beyond possible models for UN engagement after the with- the 2012 elections; drawal of †‡ˆ‚!, three of them based on experience 366 Part One: Political and security questions gained in other countries and one suggested by the reignite localized tensions among individuals and Government, subject to a strategic assessment and groups, including martial arts groups, and pose a test noting that any option would need to be discussed for \‡!]’s ability to respond to security challenges. with the Government that would be formed follow- U‡ˆ‚! police would stand ready to provide opera- ing the 2012 elections. e Secretary-General stated tional support to \‡!] during the electoral period that the upcoming electoral period, with likely active and, if requested, beyond. campaigning and intense political competition, could pose a test for \‡!], which continued to face logistical UNAMET constraints. It would therefore be particularly impor- tant to ensure that \‡!] had the ability to respond The United Nations Mission in East Timor to potential security challenges during the electoral (†‡„ˆ$!) was established by Security Council resolu- period and beyond. e †‡ˆ‚! police would stand tion 1246(1999) [YUN 1999, p. 283] to conduct the 1999 ready to provide operational support to \‡!] during popular consultation to ascertain the East Timorese that crucial period. people’s will on the future status of East Timor [ibid., Year-end developments. In a later report [S/2012/ p. 288] ; its mandate ended on 30 November 1999, in 43] , the Secretary-General said that the overall situa- accordance with resolution 1262(1999) [ibid., p. 287] . tion in Timor-Leste remained calm. Political parties On 12 September, by decision 65/556 , the Gen- continued their preparations for the 2012 presidential eral Assembly deferred consideration of †‡„ˆ$! and parliamentary elections, with several parties hold- financing until its sixty-sixth (2011) session. On ing national congresses. Party leaders continued to call 24 December, it decided that the item would re- for security and stability during the electoral period. In main for consideration during its resumed sixty-sixth a speech on 28 November, the thirty-sixth anniversary (2012) session ( decision 66/557 ). of the Timor-Leste Declaration of Independence, Pres- ident Ramos-Horta commended all Timorese for con- UNMIT tributing to a positive atmosphere of peace and hope. e United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor- Despite the general calm, a number of violent incidents Leste (†‡ˆ‚!) was established by Security Council involving martial arts groups occurred, including a ght between two rival martial arts groups in Dili on resolution 1704(2006) [YUN 2006, p. 422] to support 19 December that resulted in one person’s death. In the Government in consolidating stability, enhancing response to that and other incidents, the Council of a culture of democratic governance and facilitating Ministers adopted a 22 December resolution prohibit- political dialogue; ensure the maintenance of public ing and criminalizing certain activities of martial arts security; assist the Government in reviewing the role groups for one year and also banning certain gam- and needs of the security sector; strengthen capac- bling activities for an indenite period. e Secretary- ity for promoting human rights, justice and recon- General stated that, to ensure continued stability, it ciliation; and assist in implementing the Secretary- was critical to intensify e€orts to further strengthen General’s recommendations on justice and reconcilia- the institutional development of \‡!], particularly in tion. e mission continued to be headed by Ameerah the areas of criminal investigations, community polic- Haq (Bangladesh), who served as the Secretary- ing and internal accountability. He encouraged Mem- General’s Special Representative for Timor-Leste. ber States, as well as bilateral and multilateral partners, Financing to engage with the Government and †‡ˆ‚! to ensure continued support in those areas, and reiterated his ap- In June, the General Assembly had before it the peal to all countries concerned to approve requests for performance report on the †‡ˆ‚! budget from 1 July the extension of deployment of police o‰cers serving 2009 to 30 June 2010 [A/65/687] , with expenditures in key †‡ˆ‚! positions. amounting to $191,118,800 against an apportionment On the preparations for the 2012 presidential and of $205,939,400, resulting in an unencumbered bal- parliamentary elections, the Secretary-General said ance of $14,820,600. e Assembly also had before it that steady progress had been made, as re+ected by the proposed †‡ˆ‚! budget for 1 July 2011 to 30 June the approval of subsidiary electoral legislation by the 2012 [A/65/746] in the amount of $196,744,800, and National Electoral Commission, the successful con- the related comments and recommendations of the duct of voter registration and ongoing e€orts by the „&„`{ [A/65/743/Add.6] . electoral management bodies to increase the partici- pation of women and youth in the electoral process. GENERAL ASSEMBLY ACTION e Special Representative would continue to play On 30 June [meeting 106] , the General Assembly, her good o‰ces role vis-à-vis all parties to ensure a on the recommendation of the Fifth (Administra- peaceful and credible political process. e Secretary- tive and Budgetary) Committee [A/65/883] , adopted General noted that the upcoming elections could resolution 65/297 without vote [agenda item 150] . Chapter IV: Asia and the Pacic 367

Financing of the United Nations 7. Also emphasizes that all peacekeeping missions shall Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste be provided with adequate resources for the e€ective and e‰cient discharge of their respective mandates; e General Assembly , 8. Requests the Secretary-General to ensure that Having considered the reports of the Secretary-General proposed peacekeeping budgets are based on the relevant on the nancing of the United Nations Integrated Mis- legislative mandates; sion in Timor-Leste and the related report of the Advisory 9. Endorses the conclusions and recommendations Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, contained in the report of the Advisory Committee on Ad- Recalling Security Council resolution 1704(2006) of ministrative and Budgetary Questions, subject to the provi- 25 August 2006, by which the Council decided to establish sions of the present resolution, and requests the Secretary- a follow-on mission in Timor-Leste, the United Nations In- General to ensure their full implementation; tegrated Mission in Timor-Leste, for an initial period of six 10. Requests the Secretary-General to ensure the full months, with the intention to renew it for further periods, and implementation of the relevant provisions of its resolutions the subsequent resolutions by which the Council extended 59/296, 60/266, 61/276, 64/269 and 65/289; the mandate of the Mission, the latest of which was resolu- 11. Also requests the Secretary-General to take all ac- tion 1969(2011) of 24 February 2011, by which the Council tion necessary to ensure that the Mission is administered extended the mandate of the Mission until 26 February 2012, with a maximum of e‰ciency and economy; Recalling also its resolutions 61/249 A of 22 December 12. Notes that the overall level of appropriation has 2006 and 61/249 B of 2 April 2007 on the nancing of been adjusted in accordance with the terms of resolution the Mission and its subsequent resolutions thereon, the 65/289; latest of which was resolution 64/276 of 24 June 2010, Financial performance report for the period the general principles underlying the - Rea!rming from 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010 nancing of United Nations peacekeeping operations, as stated in General Assembly resolutions 1874(S-IV) of 13. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General 27 June 1963, 3101(XXVIII) of 11 December 1973 and on the nancial performance of the Mission for the period 55/235 of 23 December 2000, from 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010; Mindful of the fact that it is essential to provide the Budget estimates for the period Mission with the nancial resources necessary to enable it from 1 July 2011 to 30 June 2012 to full its responsibilities under the relevant resolutions of 14. Decides to appropriate to the Special Account for the Security Council, the United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste the 1. Requests the Secretary-General to entrust the Head of amount of 208,603,700 dollars for the period from 1 July Mission with the task of formulating future budget propos- 2011 to 30 June 2012, inclusive of 196,077,500 dollars for als in full accordance with the provisions of General Assem- the maintenance of the Mission, 10,614,500 dollars for the bly resolutions 59/296 of 22 June 2005, 60/266 of 30 June support account for peacekeeping operations and 1,911,700 2006, 61/276 of 29 June 2007, 64/269 of 24 June 2010 and dollars for the United Nations Logistics Base at Brindisi, Italy; 65/289 of 30 June 2011, as well as other relevant resolutions; 2. Takes note of the status of contributions to the United Financing of the appropriation Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste as at 30 April 15. Also decides to apportion among Member States the 2011, including the contributions outstanding in the amount of 137,270,825 dollars for the period from 1 July amount of 56.1 million United States dollars, representing 2011 to 26 February 2012, in accordance with the levels some 6.3 per cent of the total assessed contributions, notes updated in General Assembly resolution 64/249 of 24 De- with concern that only forty-two Member States have paid cember 2009, and taking into account the scale of assess- their assessed contributions in full, and urges all other Mem- ments for 2011 and 2012, as set out in Assembly resolution ber States, in particular those in arrears, to ensure payment 64/248 of 24 December 2009; of their outstanding assessed contributions; 16. Further decides that, in accordance with the provi- 3. Expresses its appreciation to those Member States sions of its resolution 973(X) of 15 December 1955, there which have paid their assessed contributions in full, and shall be set o€ against the apportionment among Member urges all other Member States to make every possible e€ort States, as provided for in paragraph 15 above, their respec- to ensure payment of their assessed contributions to the tive share in the Tax Equalization Fund of 6,760,632 dol- Mission in full; lars, comprising the estimated sta€ assessment income of 4. Expresses concern at the nancial situation with regard 6,036,914 dollars approved for the Mission, the prorated to peacekeeping activities, in particular as regards the reim- share of 591,583 dollars of the estimated sta€ assessment bursements to troop contributors that bear additional bur- income approved for the support account and the prorated dens owing to overdue payments by Member States of their share of 132,135 dollars of the estimated sta€ assessment assessments; income approved for the United Nations Logistics Base; 5. Also expresses concern at the delay experienced by the 17. Decides to apportion among Member States the Secretary-General in deploying and providing adequate re- amount of 71,332,875 dollars for the period from 27 Feb- sources to some recent peacekeeping missions, in particular ruary to 30 June 2012 at a monthly rate of 17,383,641 those in Africa; dollars, in accordance with the levels updated in General 6. Emphasizes that all future and existing peacekeep- Assembly resolution 64/249, and taking into account the ing missions shall be given equal and non-discriminatory scale of assessments for 2012, as set out in Assembly resolu- treatment in respect of financial and administrative tion 64/248, subject to a decision of the Security Council arrangements; to extend the mandate of the Mission; 368 Part One: Political and security questions

18. Also decides that, in accordance with the provisions Non-proliferation of its resolution 973(X), there shall be set o€ against the apportionment among Member States, as provided for in e mandate of the Security Council Commit- paragraph 17 above, their respective share in the Tax Equal- tee established by resolution 1718(2006) [YUN 2006, ization Fund of 3,513,168 dollars, comprising the estimated p. 444] on the _\@^ was to oversee the implementation sta€ assessment income of 3,137,086 dollars approved for of the sanctions measures in that resolution, which the Mission, the prorated share of 307,417 dollars of the included an arms embargo; a nuclear, ballistic missiles estimated sta€ assessment income approved for the support account and the prorated share of 68,665 dollars of the and other weapons of mass destruction programmes- estimated sta€ assessment income approved for the United related embargo; and a travel ban and/or an assets Nations Logistics Base; freeze on designated persons and entities. By resolu- 19. Further decides that, for Member States that have tion 1874(2009) [YUN 2009, p. 384] , the Council es- fullled their nancial obligations to the Mission, there tablished a Panel of Experts to carry out certain tasks shall be set o€ against the apportionment, as provided for under the direction of the Committee. By resolution in paragraph 15 above, their respective share of the unen- 1985(2011) (see below), the Council extended the cumbered balance and other income in the total amount Panel’s mandate until 12 June 2012. of 17,795,500 dollars in respect of the nancial period ended 30 June 2010, in accordance with the levels updated e Sanctions Committee held one formal meet- in General Assembly resolution 64/249, and taking into ing and six sessions of informal consultations in 2011. account the scale of assessments for 2010, as set out in During the formal meeting on 12 September, the Assembly resolution 64/248; Ambassador of the Russian Federation to the _\@^ 20. Decides that, for Member States that have not ful- briefed the Committee on the di‰culties faced by lled their nancial obligations to the Mission, there shall some diplomatic missions in the _\@^ in the context be set o€ against their outstanding obligations their respec- of paragraph 21 of resolution 1874(2009). tive share of the unencumbered balance and other income in the total amount of 17,795,500 dollars in respect of the SECURITY COUNCIL ACTION nancial period ended 30 June 2010, in accordance with the scheme set out in paragraph 19 above; On 10 June [meeting 6553] , the Security Council 21. Also decides that the increase of 947,800 dollars unanimously adopted resolution 1985(2011) . e in the estimated sta€ assessment income in respect of the draft [S/2011/354] was submitted by the United States. nancial period ended 30 June 2010 shall be added to the credits from the amount of 17,795,500 dollars referred to e Security Council , in paragraphs 19 and 20 above; Recalling its previous relevant resolutions, including 22. Emphasizes that no peacekeeping mission shall be resolutions 825(1993) of 11 May 1993, 1540(2004) of nanced by borrowing funds from other active peacekeep- 28 April 2004, 1695(2006) of 15 July 2006, 1718(2006) of ing missions; 14 October 2006, 1874(2009) of 12 June 2009, 1887(2009) of 24 September 2009 and 1928(2010) of 7 June 2010, as 23. Encourages the Secretary-General to continue to take well as the statements by its President of 6 October 2006 additional measures to ensure the safety and security of all and 13 April 2009, personnel participating in the Mission under the auspices of Recalling also the creation, pursuant to paragraph 26 the United Nations, bearing in mind paragraphs 5 and 6 of of resolution 1874(2009), of the Panel of Experts on the Security Council resolution 1502(2003) of 26 August 2003; Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, under the direction 24. Invites voluntary contributions to the Mission in of the Security Council Committee established pursuant cash and in the form of services and supplies acceptable to to resolution 1718(2006), to carry out the tasks provided the Secretary-General, to be administered, as appropriate, for in that paragraph, in accordance with the procedure and practices established Recalling further the interim report of 12 November 2010 by the General Assembly; of the Panel of Experts appointed by the Secretary-General 25. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of pursuant to paragraph 26 of resolution 1874(2009), and the its sixty-sixth session the item entitled “Financing of the nal report of the Panel, of 12 May 2011, United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste”. Recalling the methodological standards for reports of On 24 December, the General Assembly decided sanctions monitoring mechanisms contained in the report that the agenda item on the nancing of †‡ˆ‚! would of the Informal Working Group of the Security Council on General Issues of Sanctions, remain for consideration during its resumed sixty- Noting , in that regard, the importance of credible, fact- sixth (2012) session ( decision 66/557 ). based, independent assessments, analysis and recommen- dations, in accordance with the mandate of the Panel of Experts, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Determining that the proliferation of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons, as well as their means of delivery, continues to constitute a threat to international peace and In 2011, the United Nations continued to address the security, non-proliferation of nuclear weapons in the Democratic Acting under Article 41 of Chapter VII of the Charter of People’s Republic of Korea (_\@^) and related issues. the United Nations, Chapter IV: Asia and the Pacic 369

1. Decides to extend until 12 June 2012 the mandate Other issues of the Panel of Experts on the Democratic People’s Re- public of Korea, as specied in paragraph 26 of resolution Republic of Korea naval ship sinking (2010) 1874(2009), and requests the Secretary-General to take the necessary administrative measures to this e€ect; e Security Council, in presidential statement 2. Requests the Panel of Experts to provide to the Secu- S/PRST/2010/13 [YUN 2010, p. 387] , in view of the rity Council Committee established pursuant to resolution ndings of the Joint Civilian-Military Investigation 1718(2006), no later than 12 November 2011, a midterm Group, which concluded that the _\@^ was responsi- report on its work, and requests that, after a discussion with ble for the 2010 sinking of a Republic of Korea naval the Committee, the Panel submit to the Council its mid- ship, the Cheonan , condemned the attack and called term report by 12 December 2011, and also requests a nal report to the Committee, no later than thirty days prior to for full adherence to the 1953 Korean Armistice the termination of the mandate of the Panel, with its nd- Agreement [YUN 1953, p. 136] . ings and recommendations, and further requests that, after Communication. On 11 March, the _\@^ trans- a discussion with the Committee, the Panel submit to the mitted a letter [S/2011/129] containing a 23 February Council its nal report upon termination of the mandate announcement by the _\@^ Inspection Group of of the Panel; the National Defence Commission regarding the 3. Also requests the Panel of Experts to provide to the Yonphyong Island shelling and the Cheonan case. Committee a planned programme of work no later than thirty days after the appointment of the Panel, encourages the Committee to engage in regular discussions about this programme of work, and further requests the Panel to provide Iran to the Committee any updates to this programme of work; 4. Urges all States, relevant United Nations bodies and other interested parties to cooperate fully with the Com- In 2011, the United Nations continued to address mittee and with the Panel of Experts, in particular by sup- Iran’s nuclear programme and the sanctions imposed plying any information at their disposal on the implemen- by the Security Council in resolution 1737(2006) tation of the measures imposed by resolutions 1718(2006) and 1874(2009); [YUN 2006, p. 436] and reinforced by resolutions 5. Decides to remain actively seized of the matter. 1747(2007) [YUN 2007, p. 374] , 1803(2008) [YUN 2008, p. 409] , 1835(2008) [ibid., p. 414] and 1929(2010) [YUN Panel of experts . Pursuant to Security Council 2010, p. 396] . e Committee established pursuant to resolution 1985(2011) (see p. 368) the Secretary- resolution 1737(2006) continued to oversee the im- General in June informed the Council [S/2011/391] plementation of the sanctions regime. On 9 June, by that he had renewed the mandate of the Panel’s seven resolution 1984(2011) (see p. 370), the Council ex- experts. In August [S/2011/533] , he informed the tended until 9 June 2012 the mandate of the Panel of Council of the replacement of two experts. Experts established pursuant to resolution 1929(2010) Sanctions Committee report. Reporting to to assist the Sanctions Committee in carrying out its the Security Council on the activities of the Sanc- mandate. tions Committee in 2011 [S/2012/17] , the Commit- During the year the International Atomic Energy tee Chairman said that during the reporting period, Agency (‚„$„) reported that Iran had not imple- 14 Member States reported to the Committee on the mented the Additional Protocol to Iran’s Safeguards steps they had taken to implement provisions of reso- Agreement or the relevant resolutions of the Council lutions 1718(2006) and 1874(2009), including nan- and the ‚„$„ Board of Governors. It had also failed cial measures set out in resolution 1874(2009). e to permit the Agency to conrm that all nuclear ma- Committee approved two Implementation Assistance terial in Iran was being used in peaceful activities. Notices, one on 21 January to assist Member States in Iran maintained that its nuclear programme was for preparing and submitting the requested reports and peaceful purposes. another on 5 December regarding the ban on the sup- ply, sale or transfer of luxury goods referred to in reso- Non-proliferation lutions 1718(2006) and 1874(2009). e Committee received three new reports of alleged violations, as IAEA reports well as information on two previously reported cases of alleged violations. In one of the cases, the Com- During 2011, the Security Council had before it mittee replied to the Member State in a note verbale. ve reports by the ‚„$„ Director General on Iran’s All of the reported cases were being investigated with implementation of the 1974 Non-Proliferation Treaty the support and technical expertise of the Commit- (‡\!) Safeguards Agreement between Iran and ‚„$„ tee’s Panel of Experts. A list of the reports of Member and relevant Council resolutions. Each report stated States, excluding those which had requested conden- that the Agency had continued activities to verify the tiality, was annexed to the report. non-diversion of declared nuclear material and elabo- 370 Part One: Political and security questions rated on that process, including cooperation issues SECURITY COUNCIL ACTION and di‰culties encountered. On 9 June [meeting 6552] , the Security Council IAEA reports (February and May). In February adopted resolution 1984(2011) by vote (14-0-1). e [GOV/2011/7] , the ‚„$„ Director General reported draft [S/2011/348] was submitted by France, Germany, on developments since his November 2010 report the United Kingdom and the United States. [YUN 2010, p. 405] , focusing on areas where Iran had e Security Council , not fully implemented its binding obligations. With Recalling its previous relevant resolutions, includ- regard to reprocessing activities, ‚„$„ carried out an ing resolutions 1696(2006) of 31 July 2006, 1737(2006) inspection and design information verication at the of 23 December 2006, 1747(2007) of 24 March 2007, Tehran Research Reactor on 5 February, and at the 1803(2008) of 3 March 2008, 1835(2008) of 27 September Molybdenum, Iodine and Xenon Radioisotope Pro- 2008, 1887(2009) of 24 September 2009 and 1929(2010) duction Facility on 6 February. It could conrm that of 9 June 2010, as well as the statement by its President of there were no ongoing reprocessing-related activities 29 March 2006, and rea‰rming their provisions, Recalling also the creation, pursuant to paragraph 29 in Iran only with respect to those two facilities, and of resolution 1929(2010), of the Panel of Experts on the the other facilities to which the Agency had access. Islamic Republic of Iran, under the direction of the Attached to the report was an overview of the imple- Security Council Committee established pursuant to reso- mentation of Iran’s ‡\! Safeguards Agreement and lution 1737(2006), to carry out the tasks provided for in relevant provisions of Council resolutions on Iran. that paragraph, In response to Council resolution 1929(2010) [YUN Recalling further the interim report of 4 February 2011 of the Panel of Experts appointed by the Secretary-General 2010, p. 396] , the Council President, by a 24 May note pursuant to paragraph 29 of resolution 1929(2010), and [S/2011/327] , circulated the Director General’s May nal report of the Panel, of 7 May 2011, report [GOV/2011/29] on Iran’s implementation of the Recalling the methodological standards for reports of ‡\! Safeguards Agreement and relevant provisions of sanctions monitoring mechanisms contained in the report Council resolutions. e Director General stated that, of the Informal Working Group of the Security Council on 6 May, he had sent a letter to the Vice President on General Issues of Sanctions, of Iran and Head of the Atomic Energy Organization Noting , in that regard, the importance of credible, fact- of Iran reiterating ‚„$„ concerns about the existence based, independent assessments, analysis and recommen- dations, in accordance with the mandate of the Panel of of possible military dimensions to Iran’s nuclear pro- Experts, gramme; requesting that Iran provide prompt access Determining that the proliferation of weapons of mass to relevant locations, equipment, documentation destruction, as well as their means of delivery, continues and persons; and noting that, with Iran’s substantive to constitute a threat to international peace and security, and proactive engagement, the Agency would be able Acting under Article 41 of Chapter VII of the Charter of to make progress in its verication of the correctness the United Nations, and completeness of Iran’s declarations. 1. Decides to extend until 9 June 2012 the mandate of the Panel of Experts on the Islamic Republic of Iran, Security Council consideration. On 22 March as specied in paragraph 29 of resolution 1929(2010), [S/PV.6502] and 23 June [S/PV.6563] , the Sanctions and requests the Secretary-General to take the necessary Committee Chair briefed the Council on the im- administrative measures to this e€ect; plementation of sanctions against Iran, stating that 2. Requests the Panel of Experts to provide to the Secu- the Committee had received information concerning rity Council Committee established pursuant to resolution sanctions violations and had examined and followed 1737(2006), no later than 9 November 2011, a midterm up on those cases. On 22 March, the Chair noted that report on its work, and requests that, after a discussion with the Committee, in the light of the recommendations the Committee, the Panel submit to the Council its mid- term report by 9 December 2011, and also requests a nal in the midterm report of the Panel of Experts, had report to the Committee, no later than thirty days prior to agreed to consider disseminating additional optional the termination of the mandate of the Panel, with its nd- guidance on submitting implementation reports and ings and recommendations, and further requests that, after to periodically organize open briengs. e Panel a discussion with the Committee, the Panel submit to the submitted its nal report to the Council on 7 May. Council its nal report upon termination of the mandate On 23 June, the Chair informed the Council that the of the Panel; Committee had discussed the Panel’s recommenda- 3. Also requests the Panel of Experts to provide to the tions and that it would continue to consider actions to Committee a planned programme of work no later than implement some of the recommendations. e Com- thirty days after the appointment of the Panel, encourages the Committee to engage in regular discussions about this mittee had requested the Panel to draft a series of im- programme of work, and further requests the Panel to provide plementation assistance notices based on ve thematic to the Committee any updates to this programme of work; areas of its recommendations. On 9 June, by resolu- 4. Urges all States, relevant United Nations bodies and tion 1984(2011) (see below), the Council extended the other interested parties to cooperate fully with the Com- mandate of the Panel of Experts until 9 June 2012. mittee and with the Panel of Experts, in particular by sup- Chapter IV: Asia and the Pacic 371 plying any information at their disposal on the implemen- in more detail the basis for ‚„$„ concerns about possi- tation of the measures imposed by resolutions 1737(2006), ble military dimensions to Iran’s nuclear programme. 1747(2007), 1803(2008) and 1929(2010); 5. Decides to remain actively seized of the matter. Year-end developments. A later ‚„$„ report [GOV/ 2012/9] , covering developments from 9 November to VOTE ON RESOLUTION 1984(2011): the end of 2011 indicated that the ‚„$„ Board of Gov- In favour: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, China, ernors adopted resolution GOV/2011/69 (18 Novem- Colombia, France, Gabon, Germany, India, Nigeria, Portugal, ber 2011) stressing that it was essential for Iran and Russian Federation, South Africa, United Kingdom, United ‚„$„ to intensify their dialogue aimed at the resolution States. Against: None. of all outstanding substantive issues, including access Abstaining: Lebanon. to all relevant information, documentation, sites, ma- terial and personnel in Iran. e Board called on Iran IAEA reports (September and November). to engage seriously and without preconditions in talks By a 2 September note [S/2011/555] , the Council Presi- aimed at restoring international condence in the ex- dent circulated the ‚„$„ Director General’s Septem- clusively peaceful nature of Iran’s nuclear programme. ber report on the application of safeguards in Iran [GOV/2011/54] . e Director General stated that he Security Council Committee had held meetings (Vienna, 21 June and 12 July) with Dr. Fereydoun Abbasi, the Vice President of Iran and e Security Council Committee established pur- Head of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, suant to resolution 1737(2006) [YUN 2006, p. 436] and Dr. Ali Akbar Salehi, the Iranian Minister for continued to monitor the implementation of the Foreign A€airs, respectively. In response to an invi- embargo relating to Iran on proliferation-sensitive tation from Iran, the ‚„$„ Deputy Director General nuclear activities and the development of nuclear for Safeguards went to Iran in August and visited the weapon delivery systems; the ban on the export and Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant, the enrichment plants procurement of any arms and related materiel from at Natanz and Fordow, the IR-40 Reactor and Heavy Iran; nancial and business restrictions; and an assets Water Production Plant at Arak, and the conversion freeze and a travel ban on designated individuals and and fuel fabrication facilities at Esfahan. Iran also entities. ose sanctions were renewed by resolutions provided access to an installation where research and 1747(2007) [YUN 2007, p. 374] , 1803(2008) [YUN 2008, development on advanced centrifuges was taking p. 409] and 1929(2010) [YUN 2010, p. 396] . place. During his visit, the Deputy Director General The Committee was assisted by the Panel of also held meetings with Dr. Abbasi. Experts created by resolution 1929(2010) to carry out, In a 26 May letter to the Director General, Dr. Ab- under the direction of the Committee, the tasks pro- basi explained Iran’s position on the issue of possible vided for in the resolution. By resolution 1984(2011) military dimensions to Iran’s nuclear programme. e (see p. 370), the Council extended the Panel’s man- Director General, in a 3 June response, reminded Iran date until 9 June 2012. e Panel consisted of eight that it should fully implement all of its obligations members, who were reappointed by the Secretary- in order to establish international condence in the General on 30 June [S/2011/405] . exclusively peaceful nature of its nuclear programme. Security Council Committee report. In a report to In an 8 November report [GOV/2011/65] , the Direc- the Security Council on the activities of the Commit- tor General stated that he met Dr. Abbasi on 19 Sep- tee in 2011 [S/2012/192] , the Committee Chair stated tember in Vienna and discussed issues related to the that the guidelines of the Committee for the conduct implementation of Iran’s Safeguards Agreement and of its work went through a substantial revision and new other relevant obligations. In a 30 September letter, guidelines were approved on 19 August. e Commit- ‚„$„ reiterated its invitation to Iran to re-engage with tee met four times in informal consultations (4 March, it on the outstanding issues related to possible mili- 8 June, 16 June, 7 December). e Committee received tary dimensions to Iran’s nuclear programme and the 96 implementation reports from Member States un- actions required of Iran to resolve those issues. On der resolution 1737(2006), 83 reports under resolution 30 October, Dr. Abbasi referred to his previous dis- 1747(2007), 77 reports under resolution 1803(2008) cussions with the Director General and expressed the and 77 reports under resolution 1929(2010). Dur- will of Iran to remove ambiguities, if any, suggesting ing the year, the Committee received six notications that the ‚„$„ Deputy Director General should visit of reported violations of Council measures relating to Iran for discussions. In his reply of 2 November, the Iran. In response, the Committee dispatched letters to Director General indicated his readiness to send the most reporting States expressing its appreciation for the Deputy Director General to discuss the issues identi- information provided and urging them to continue to ed in his forthcoming report to the ‚„$„ Board of cooperate closely with the Committee and the Panel of Governors. e report contained an annex setting out Experts in their investigation of the cases. 372 Part One: Political and security questions

In accordance with its mandate, the Panel of had performed its mandated tasks and contributed Experts carried out inspections of ve of the six re- signicantly to Nepal’s political gains. Nepal ex- ported cases with the consent and cooperation of the pressed appreciation for the Mission’s contribu- reporting States. As required by its mandate, the Panel tions to consolidating peace, stressing that the provided its ndings and recommendations in separate Government was working hard towards the same end. reports to the Committee. During the year the Panel submitted midterm (4 February) and nal (7 May) UNMIN termination reports pursuant to Council resolution 1929(2010) and an interim report (9 November) in accordance Communication. On 5 January [S/2011/1] , the with resolution 1984(2011). It also provided to the Secretary-General transmitted to the Security Council Committee quarterly assessments of Member States’ three letters from Nepal. One of those, from the of- implementation reports in accordance with paragraph ce of the caretaker Government, dated 31 December 31 of resolution 1929(2010). 2010, provided information on how, from its point of Communications. In a 24 June letter [A/65/876] to view, issues relating to the monitoring of arms and the Secretary-General, Iran stated that the declaration armies and dispute-resolution mechanisms should be by the United States of new unilateral sanctions against handled after the withdrawal of †‡ˆ‚‡ on 15 Janu- some Iranian companies and individuals had the objec- ary 2011. It also requested the transfer of essential tive of depriving the Iranian people of their most basic documents and equipment used by †‡ˆ‚‡ to either human rights. In an 8 September letter [S/2011/563] to the Special Committee representing all the major po- the Security Council, Iran expressed its deep concern litical parties or a designated mechanism. e two over and strong condemnation of remarks by the Presi- letters, from the Chairman of the Unied Commu- dent of France about Iran’s nuclear activities. nist Party of Nepal (Maoist), Pushpa Kamal Dahal Prachanda, dated 30 December 2010 and 4 January 2011, respectively, requested the extension of †‡ˆ‚‡ Nepal tenure or the setting up of a UN political o‰ce to fol- low up the peace process; and raised objections to all the key elements contained in the 31 December 2010 e United Nations Mission in Nepal (†‡ˆ‚‡), letter from the Nepal caretaker Government. a special political mission in support of the peace pro- cess in Nepal, was established in 2007 by Security SECURITY COUNCIL ACTION Council resolution 1740(2007) [YUN 2007, p. 385] to help implement the 2006 Comprehensive Peace On 14 January [meeting 6466] , following consulta- Agreement [YUN 2006, p. 449] by monitoring the man- tions among Security Council members, the President agement of arms and armed personnel of the Nepal made statement S/PRST/2011/1 on behalf of the Army and the Maoist Army and by providing tech- Council: nical support for the election of a Constituent As- As the United Nations Mission in Nepal completes its sembly. By resolution 1939(2010) [YUN 2010, p. 393] , preparations for its departure on 15 January 2011, the the Council decided that †‡ˆ‚‡’s mandate would Security Council expresses its appreciation and thanks terminate on 15 January 2011. to the Representative of the Secretary-General in Nepal, In a 14 January presidential statement, the Coun- Ms. Karin Landgren, and the Mission team for their cil rea‰rmed its support for the peace process and e€orts in assisting the people of Nepal as they work to complete the peace process. called on the Nepalese caretaker Government and all e Council rea‰rms its support for the peace process political parties to redouble their e€orts to continue and calls upon the caretaker Government of Nepal and to full the commitments they had made in the Com- all political parties to redouble their e€orts, to continue prehensive Peace Agreement. e mandate of †‡ˆ‚‡ to work together in the spirit of consensus to full the ended on 15 January 2011. commitments that they made in the Comprehensive Peace Agreement and other agreements, and to resolve Political and security developments expeditiously the outstanding issues of the peace pro- cess. e Council encourages Nepal to complete its Security Council consideration. On 5 January new constitution within the foreseen time frame to help [S/PV.6465] , the Security Council discussed the it to build a better, more equitable and democratic future for its people. Secretary-General’s 2010 report [YUN 2010, p. 394] e Council welcomes the ongoing engagement of the on the request of Nepal for UN assistance in sup- Secretary-General and United Nations bodies as they port of its peace process. The Representative of continue to be supportive of the peace process and the the Secretary-General and Head of †‡ˆ‚‡, Karin people of Nepal. Landgren (Sweden), informed the Council that, al- e Council will continue to be supportive of the though the peace process was incomplete, †‡ˆ‚‡ peace process in Nepal. Chapter IV: Asia and the Pacic 373

SECURITY COUNCIL ACTION Yemen On 21 October [meeting 6634] , the Security Council unanimously adopted resolution 2014(2011) . e Political and security developments draft [S/2011/651] was submitted by France, Germany, Portugal, the United Kingdom and the United States. In 2011, the United Nations addressed the deterio- e Security Council , rating security and humanitarian situation in Yemen Recalling its statements to the press of 24 June, 9 August amid the country’s process of political transition in and 24 September 2011, a context of civil unrest. Expressing grave concern at the situation in Yemen, Rea!rming its strong commitment to the unity, sover- In a 24 June press statement [SC/10296] , the Secu- eignty, independence and territorial integrity of Yemen, rity Council expressed concern about the deteriorat- Welcoming the statement of the Secretary-General of ing security and humanitarian situation in Yemen and 23 September 2011 urging all sides to engage in a con- welcomed the ongoing mediation e€orts of the Gulf structive manner to achieve a peaceful resolution to the Cooperation Council (%&&). current crisis, Welcoming also the engagement of the Gulf Coopera- On 9 August, the Secretary-General’s Special Ad- tion Council, and rea‰rming the support of the Security viser on Yemen, Jamal Benomar (Morocco), briefed Council for the e€orts of the Gulf Cooperation Council to the Council on his visit to the country in July. He resolve the political crisis in Yemen, said that he had facilitated the rst direct face-to-face Welcoming further the continuing e€orts of the good of- meeting among the Yemeni parties on resolving the ces of the Secretary-General, including the visits to Yemen crisis facing the country. e parties had agreed to by the Special Adviser to the Secretary-General on Yemen, work on the %&& initiative and e€ect a political transi- Taking note of the Human Rights Council resolution on Yemen, and underlining the need for a comprehensive, tion aimed at restoring security. independent and impartial investigation consistent with in- In a 9 August press statement [SC/10357] , the ternational standards into alleged human rights abuses and Council urged all sides to reject violence and show violations, with a view to avoiding impunity and ensuring maximum restraint. It called on the Yemeni parties full accountability, and noting in this regard the concerns to move forward an inclusive, orderly and Yemeni- expressed by the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, led process of political transition and welcomed the Welcoming the statement of 23 September 2011 by the e€orts of the Secretary-General, through his Special Ministerial Council of the Gulf Cooperation Council, in Adviser, and those of %&&. In a 24 September press which it called for the immediate signing by President Saleh statement [SC/10394] , the Council expressed con- and implementation of the Gulf Cooperation Council ini- cern at the continued deterioration of the economic, tiative, condemned the use of force against unarmed dem- humanitarian and security situation, including the onstrators and called for restraint, a commitment to a full threat from Al-Qaida. and immediate ceasere and the formation of a commission to investigate the events that led to the killing of innocent On 11 October, the Council was briefed by the Yemeni people, Special Adviser, who described developments in Expressing serious concern at the worsening security situa- Yemen, including a consensus reached by the parties tion, including armed con+ict, the deteriorating economic to endorse the Vice-President, Abd Rabbuh Mansur and humanitarian situation due to the lack of progress on Hadi, who was steering the transition to succeed a political settlement, and the potential for the further escalation of violence, President Ali Abdullah Saleh. He acknowledged the Rea!rming its resolutions 1325(2000) of 31 Octo- continued relevance of the %&& initiative in the search ber 2000, 1820(2008) of 19 June 2008, 1888(2009) of for peace but pointed out that President Saleh’s refusal 30 September 2009, 1889(2009) of 5 October 2009 and to endorse the %&& initiative in line with the agree- 1960(2010) of 16 December 2010 on women and peace ments reached in July remained an impediment to and security, and reiterating the need for the full, equal a political solution. and e€ective participation of women at all stages of peace processes, given their vital role in the prevention and reso- On 21 October, the Council adopted resolution lution of con+ict and peacebuilding, rea‰rming the key 2014(2011) (see below), in which it condemned the role that women play in re-establishing the fabric of soci- continued human rights violations by the Yemeni ety, and stressing the need for their involvement in con+ict authorities, such as the excessive use of force against resolution in order to take into account their perspective peaceful protestors, as well as the use of force and hu- and needs, man rights abuses by other actors; demanded all sides Expressing serious concern about the increasing number of internally displaced persons and refugees in Yemen, the to reject the use of violence to achieve political goals; alarming levels of malnutrition caused by drought and and called for all parties to sign and implement the soaring fuel and food prices, the increasing interruption of %&& initiative for an inclusive, orderly and Yemeni-led basic supplies and social services and increasingly di‰cult process of political transition. access to safe water and health care, 374 Part One: Political and security questions

Expressing serious concern also at the increased threat 5. Demands that the Yemeni authorities immediately from Al-Qaida in the Arabian Peninsula and the risk ensure that their actions comply with obligations under of new terror attacks in parts of Yemen, and reaf- applicable international humanitarian and human rights rming that terrorism in all its forms and manifesta- law, allow the people of Yemen to exercise their human tions constitutes one of the most serious threats to rights and fundamental freedoms, including their rights of international peace and security and that any acts of peaceful assembly, to demand redress for their grievances terrorism are criminal and unjustifiable regardless of and to freedom of expression, including for members of their motivations, the media, and take action to end attacks against civilians Condemning all terrorist and other attacks against ci- and civilian targets by security forces; vilians and against the authorities, including those aimed 6. Calls upon all parties concerned to ensure the pro- at jeopardizing the political process in Yemen, such as the tection of women and children and to improve the par- attack on the presidential compound in Sana’a on 3 June ticipation of women in con+ict resolution, and encourages 2011, all parties to facilitate the equal and full participation of Recalling the primary responsibility of the Government women at decision-making levels; of Yemen to protect its population, 7. Urges all opposition groups to commit to playing Stressing that the best solution to the current crisis in a full and constructive part in the agreement and imple- Yemen is through an inclusive and Yemeni-led political mentation of a political settlement on the basis of the process of transition that meets the legitimate demands and Gulf Cooperation Council initiative, and demands that aspirations of the Yemeni people for change, all opposition groups refrain from violence and cease the Rea!rming its support for the presidential decree of use of force to achieve political aims; 12 September 2011, which is designed to nd a political agreement acceptable to all parties and to ensure a peaceful 8. Demands that all armed groups remove all weapons and democratic transition of power, including the holding from areas of peaceful demonstration, refrain from vio- of early presidential elections, lence and provocation and refrain from the recruitment Stressing the importance of the stability and security of children, and urges all parties not to target vital infra- of Yemen, particularly regarding overall international structure; counter-terrorism e€orts, 9. Expresses its concern over the presence of Al-Qaida Mindful of its primary responsibility for the mainte- in the Arabian Peninsula and its determination to address nance of international peace and security under the Char- this threat in accordance with the Charter of the United ter of the United Nations, and emphasizing the threats to Nations and international law, including applicable hu- regional security and stability posed by the deterioration of man rights, refugee and humanitarian law; the situation in Yemen in the absence of a lasting political 10. Encourages the international community to pro- settlement, vide humanitarian assistance to Yemen, and in this regard 1. Expresses profound regret at the hundreds of deaths, requests all parties in Yemen to facilitate the work of the mainly of civilians, including women and children; United Nations agencies and other relevant organizations 2. Strongly condemns the continued human rights vio- and ensure full, safe and unhindered access for the timely lations by the Yemeni authorities, such as the excessive use delivery of humanitarian aid to persons in need across of force against peaceful protestors as well as the acts of Yemen; violence, use of force and human rights abuses perpetrated 11. Requests the Secretary-General to continue his by other actors, and stresses that all those responsible for good o‰ces, including through visits by his Special Adviser violence, human rights violations and abuses should be on Yemen, and to continue to urge all Yemeni stakeholders held accountable; to implement the provisions of the present resolution and 3. Demands that all sides immediately reject the use of encourage all States and regional organizations to contrib- violence to achieve political goals; ute to this objective; 4. Reaffirms its view that the signature and imple- 12. Also requests the Secretary-General to report on the mentation as soon as possible of a settlement agreement implementation of the present resolution within thirty days on the basis of the Gulf Cooperation Council initiative of its adoption and every sixty days thereafter; is essential for an inclusive, orderly and Yemeni-led 13. Decides to remain actively seized of the matter. process of political transition, notes the signing of the Gulf Cooperation Council initiative by some opposi- tion parties and the General People’s Congress, calls Further developments upon all parties in Yemen to commit themselves to implementation of a political settlement based upon On 28 November, the Special Adviser informed this initiative, notes the commitment by the President the Security Council of developments leading up to of Yemen to immediately sign the Gulf Cooperation the signing in Riyadh on 23 November of the %&& Council initiative and encourages him, or those au- initiative by President Saleh, and of the implementa- thorized to act on his behalf, to do so and to imple- tion mechanism by the parties. Also on 28 November ment a political settlement based upon it, and calls for [SC/10460] , the Council welcomed the 23 November this commitment to be translated into action, in order to achieve a peaceful political transition of power, as agreement by the Yemeni parties, based on the %&& stated in the Gulf Cooperation Council initiative and initiative, and urged the parties to reject violence, to the presidential decree of 12 September 2011, without refrain from any further provocations and to fully im- further delay; plement resolution 2014(2011) . Chapter IV: Asia and the Pacic 375

On 21 December, the Special Adviser briefed the from 1 February 2009 to 30 June 2011. e report pro- Council on the outcome of his trip to Yemen from 8 vided information on progress made by the national to 17 December, during which he had met with the authorities before and since the declaration by the President and Vice-President and other political ac- Government that the con+ict in Sri Lanka had ended tors, as well as protestors in Sana’a and Taiz, southern in May 2009. In particular, it highlighted the progress movements in Aden and Huthi leaders in Saada. He achieved in separating children from Tamil Makkal underlined that progress had been achieved in ful- Viduthalai Pulikal (!ˆŒ\) and Liberation Tigers of lling the %&& initiative, but the situation remained Tamil Eelam (]!!$) and reintegrating them into so- highly fragile. ciety. It detailed the Government’s e€orts, with UN In a 22 December press statement [SC/10504] , support, to trace children who were separated from the Council welcomed the progress made in im- their parents in the nal stages of the con+ict and plementing the political transition, on the basis addressed the need to further such e€orts. of the %&& initiative, as well as the implementa- e report also discussed a number of concerns, tion mechanism, which was resulting in a peaceful the primary of which were the need to establish ac- transition of power. countability for the recruitment and use of children (See also \„@! !}*, Chapter III). by remnants of !ˆŒ\ and to locate missing children. e report contained a series of recommendations on strengthening the commendable e€orts undertaken Other issues by the Government on behalf of children formerly as- sociated with !ˆŒ\ and ]!!$. It also encouraged the India–Pakistan Government to investigate violations and to continue to address outstanding protection issues with regard e United Nations Military Observer Group in to children a€ected by the con+ict. India and Pakistan (†‡ˆ*%‚\) continued in 2011 to monitor the situation in Jammu and Kashmir. Thailand–Cambodia By a 14 July letter [S/2011/431] , the Secretary- General proposed to the Security Council that ai- In a 5 February letter [S/2011/56] to the Security land be added to the list of contributors to †‡ˆ*%‚\, Council, Cambodia transmitted a letter from its as Italy had notied the Secretariat in March of its Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign intention to reduce its contribution of military ob- A€airs concerning aggression against Cambodia by servers starting in the second half of 2011. e ailand and the explosive situation at the border be- Council took note of his proposal on 18 July tween the two countries. In a response of the same date [S/2011/57] , ailand provided information on the [S/2011/432] . recent incidents between the two countries. On 6 Feb- Pakistan ruary [S/2011/58] , Cambodia transmitted a letter from Prime Minister Hun Sen that detailed the worsening By a 27 November letter [S/2011/740] , Pakistan for- situation at the border with ailand and requested an warded to the Secretary-General a statement by the urgent meeting of the Council to address ailand’s Defence Committee of the Cabinet of Pakistan on the aggression. On 7 February [S/2011/59] , ailand reaf- North Atlantic Treaty Organization/International rmed its position, providing information on further Security Assistance Force (‡„!*/‚ƒ„ ) aircraft attack developments relating to the border incidents. on Pakistani border posts on 26 November, which On 14 February, following armed clashes, the killed 24 o‰cers and soldiers of the Pakistan Army Council, in the presence of the Deputy Prime Min- and injured 13 personnel. It condemned the attack, ister and Minister for Foreign A€airs of Cambodia, stating it constituted a breach of sovereignty, violated Hor Namhong, and the Minister for Foreign A€airs of international law and had gravely dented the funda- ailand, Kasit Piromya, expressed its concern about mental basis of Pakistan’s cooperation with ‡„!*/‚ƒ„ the situation between Cambodia and ailand and the against militancy and terror. dispute around the temple site of Preah Vihear. In a press statement [SC/10174] , the Council called on both Sri Lanka sides to display maximum restraint and to resolve the Children and armed con!ict situation peacefully and through dialogue. It expressed support for the e€orts of the Association of Southeast In response to Security Council resolutions Asian Nations („ƒ$„‡) in the matter. 1612(2005) [YUN 2005, p. 863] and 1882(2009) [YUN On 22 April [S/2011/264] , Cambodia forwarded 2009, p. 739] , the Secretary-General, in December, to the Council a letter from its Deputy Prime Min- submitted his fourth report on children and armed ister on armed attacks that day by ailand against con+ict in Sri Lanka [S/2011/793] , covering the period Cambodia in the area of Ta Mone and Ta Krabey 376 Part One: Political and security questions

Temples located inside Cambodian territory. On the ence within that zone and from any armed activity same date [S/2011/265] , ailand transmitted a state- directed at that zone (see p. 1238). ment by its Foreign Ministry regarding unprovoked armed attacks by Cambodian troops on ai territory United Arab Emirates–Iran in the area of Ta Kwai Temple and along the ai- Cambodian border near Tamuen Temples in Surin The Greater Tunb, Province on 22 April. Lesser Tunb and Abu Musa On 17 May, after new incidents along the border, the Council discussed the situation, including the ef- On 15 February [S/2011/82] , the United Arab forts by the Chair of „ƒ$„‡ to resolve the issue. Emirates requested the Security Council to retain In a 24 May letter [S/2011/328] , Cambodia described on its agenda for 2011 the item “Letter dated 3 De- e€orts within „ƒ$„‡ with regard to the deployment of cember 1971 from the Permanent Representatives an Indonesian observers team to the a€ected areas of of Algeria, Iraq, the Libyan Arab Republic and the Cambodia-ailand border. It accused ailand the People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen to the of failing to give a positive reply to the „ƒ$„‡ initia- United Nations addressed to the President of the tive. ailand, on 3 June [S/2011/338] , responded that Security Council” [YUN 1971, p. 209] concerning Cambodia’s account of the „ƒ$„‡ e€orts was incom- Iran’s occupation of the Greater Tunb, the Lesser plete and misleading. Tunb and Abu Musa—three islands belonging to In an 18 July letter [S/2011/446] to the Security the United Arab Emirates—until such time as Council, Cambodia forwarded the summary of the the dispute was resolved by peaceful means through Order of 18 July of the International Court of Justice direct negotiations or through ‚&. (‚&) regarding Cambodia’s request for the indication e League of Arab States (]„ƒ), in a 9 March letter of provisional measures pending the Court’s ruling [S/2011/122] , transmitted resolution 7310, adopted by on the request for interpretation of the Judgment of the ]„ƒ Council (Cairo, Egypt, 2 March) concerning 15 June 1962 in the case concerning the Temple of the occupation by Iran of the three islands. It stressed Preah Vihear [YUN 1962, p. 467] . I& found that both the importance of the matter remaining on the Parties should immediately withdraw their military Security Council’s agenda until Iran terminated its personnel from the provisional demilitarized zone occupation and the United Arab Emirates restored its dened by it, and refrain from any military pres- complete sovereignty over the islands.