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Spatial Analysis of Kidney Failure Disease in the Province of Najaf for the Period (2014- 2018)

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Spatial Analysis of Kidney Failure Disease in the Province of Najaf for the Period (2014- 2018) REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL GEOGRAPHICAL EDUCATION ISSN: 2146-0353 ● © RIGEO ● 11(4), WINTER, 2021 www.rigeo.org Research Article Spatial Analysis of Kidney Failure Disease in The Province of Najaf for The Period (2014- 2018) Rahim M. Alabdali1 Helen M. Abdul Hussein2 Department of Geography, College of Arts University of Kufa, College of Education for Girls, Iraq /University of Kufa, Iraq [email protected] Rasul Muslim3 University of Kufa, College of Education for Girls, Iraq Abstract The research aims to reveal the spatial and temporal distribution of kidney failure in the province of Najaf for the period (2014-2018) and to clarify the geographical distribution according to the administrative units in the province of Najaf, based on official data recorded from the relevant official departments, and between researching cases of injury according to age groups as well as their classification by gender (males and females), in addition to a comparison between the administrative units to find out any size of injuries in them, as well as analyzing the data within the SPSS program to find out the significant differences between the administrative units, gender and age based on the analysis of Kruskal Walls and Wutney. The most important results of the research came that there is a variation in the rate of incidence of kidney disability (kidney failure) for the duration of the study (2014-2018) mentioned in the body of the research. Keywords Kidney, Najaf, SPSS, Geographic, Disease To cite this article: Alabdali, R, M; Abdul Hussein, H, and Muslim, R. (2021) Spatial Analysis of Kidney Failure Disease in The Province of Najaf for The Period (2014-2018). Review of International Geographical Education (RIGEO), 11(4), 1270-1281. doi: 10.48047/rigeo.11.04.122 Submitted: 20-03-2021 ● Revised: 15-04-2021 ● Accepted: 25-05-2021 Alabdali, R, M; Abdul Hussein, H, and Muslim, R. (2021) Spatial Analysis of Kidney Failure Disease in the … Introduction Population health is one of the foundations sought by governments in the world, as they are concerned with the chronic disease phenomena that sweep their countries, as medical geography is one of the fields of knowledge that includes a mixture of several different environmental, health, geographic, sports, social, biological and natural sciences. Some of these specialties are and behind it population diseases, so recent studies were seeking to delve into the sciences that are in common with other disciplines to result in an important specialty, which is medical geography. The importance of geography in the field of human health increases in terms of the relationship of geography with other sciences, including natural and human. When the doctor diagnoses the disease, its causes and methods of treatment, as for how and why the disease spread, this is the duty of medical geography by making a map that determines the location of the disease spread in the areas exposed to infection. One of the reasons that encouraged the emergence and prominence of medical geography because it is one of the branches of medical geography is the geographical interest in the close aspect between man and his surroundings to find explanations for several diseases that afflict humans, to study geographical distribution and search for the causes and geographical explanations that led to the emergence of the disease in order to determine the level of its spread, about The path of studying spatial relationships. Renal failure disease is one of the diseases that affect humans, it is not defined by a specific age group, but rather affects different age groups, and this disease has become a common disease prevalent in cities and rural areas, and this disease is divided into grades in terms of severity and the stage to which it is reached. The researchers relied on data that recorded disease cases with the Health Department of Najaf Governorate for the years (2014- 2018), on which statistical methods were applied for the purpose of knowing the variance and correlation of the phenomenon. Therefore, the contribution to uncovering and defining the problem, preventing its spread, eliminating it or limiting it, represents the main goal that academic studies seek, which must provide service to society, because theoretical studies and research, despite their importance, cannot amount to applied studies. Kidney failure disease is one of the diseases that affect humans, and it is not defined by a specific age group, but rather affects different age groups, and this disease has become a common disease spread in cities and rural areas. This disease is divided into grades in terms of severity and the stage to which it is reached. The Theoretical Framework of The Research Research Problem: - It is a question in the mind of the researcher trying to answer it through population data, as the research problem centered on the following: - 1- How did the phenomenon differ spatially at the level of Najaf Governorate? 2- What is the temporal development of the phenomenon of kidney disability from a geographical point of view? 3- What is the age distribution of the phenomenon of kidney deficiency in Najaf Governorate? Hypothesis: - 1 - There is a large variation between administrative units in the size of kidney disability, and thus the Najaf district center was the most affected by this disease. 2- The study phenomenon varied temporally and at the level of administrative units in Najaf Governorate 3- There is a discrepancy in the age gradient, especially between the 15-19 age group. Research Importance: - 1- To solve a problem that affects one aspect of the population’s life, which is the health aspect. It also addresses the problem of increasing rates of infection with this disease, which is one of the causes of death locally and at the country’s level. This is one of the important issues. 2- The society's need for such studies because it is one of the chronic diseases that the residents of Ashraf governorate suffer from. 1271 © RIGEO ● Review of International Geographical Education 11(4), WINTER, 2021 3- This study contributes to providing hospitals, doctors, planners and those with interest with the results of this study to benefit from in their programs and future plans. 4- A new scientific study is to be added to geographical studies so that everyone who is interested can benefit from it in the future age to which it is reached. Research Objective: 1- Explain and explain the variation and high incidence of kidney disability in Najaf governorate for the period (2014-2018). 2- A study of the geographical distribution of patients with kidney failure in Najaf Governorate. 3- Reaching results and proposals that contribute to spreading awareness among the population of the governorate regarding the causes and beginnings of disease development. Reasons for choosing a topic: 1- The personal desire of researchers to provide a service to society and the importance of medical geography, which has a role in determining the factors of spreading diseases and the role of the environmental impact in that. 2- It is considered one of the diseases that must be focused on, as it affects the lives of the population and their interaction with their environment directly. 3- The incidence of kidney failure is clearly increased among the residents of Najaf Governorate. 4- Submit proposals that contribute to reducing the incidence of kidney failure and reducing its complications. Research Methodology: - Researchers have relied on statistical methods that help them access data, results and outputs through which they can analyze the studied phenomena. Researchers have used the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) after classifying the data and entering it into the computer using the Excel program. Percentages of all occurrences. The two non-parameter tests were used to show the significant differences between the study variables. 1- The Mann-Whiteny test to reveal the significance of the differences between the averages of months, administrative units, and years of study. 2- Kruskall-Wallis test to detect the significance of differences between the averages of months, units and years of study. Two levels of significant statistical significance were adopted, p≤ 0.01, to indicate the differences at the 1% level, and one level to indicate the differences at the 5% level. 3- The Kruskal-Wallis test to reveal the significance of the differences between the averages of ranks for the degrees of types of disability (visual, auditory, kinesthetic) with respect to the meaning of life and cognitive distortions. 4- The Mann-Whitney test to reveal the significance of the dimensional differences between the averages of the degrees of cognitive distortions measurement according to the type of disability (visual, auditory, kinesthetic) (and Penny, 2012, p. 3). Research Structure: The need necessitated the division of the research into four basic aspects: The first dealt with the theoretical framework of the research, while the second side dealt with the spatial distribution of cases of kidney disability in the province of Najaf, while the third side focused on studying the temporal variation of cases of kidney disability in the governorate of Najaf, and the research ended with conclusions and recommendations. The Boundaries of The Study Area Spatial Boundaries: Najaf province is one of the central Euphrates provinces, which is located on the western side of Iraq and extends astronomically between two latitude circles (50, 29 -21, 32) north, and between 1272 Alabdali, R, M; Abdul Hussein, H, and Muslim, R. (2021) Spatial Analysis of Kidney Failure Disease in the … longitudes (5042 -42, 44) east, and the area of the study area is (28824) km2), and constitutes (6.6%) of the total area of Iraq, which is (435052 km2), and it is administratively composed of four districts and six sub-districts. The study area is bordered on the north by Karbala governorate and on the north-east by Babel Governorate, on the northwest by Al-Anbar Governorate, on the east by Al- Diwaniyah Governorate, and on the southeast by Al-Muthanna Governorate, while it is bordered from the southwest by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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