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The Crisis of Political Liberalism

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The Crisis of Political Liberalism MOUVEMENT COMMUNISTE/KOLEKTIVNE PROTI KAPITALU THE CRISIS OF POLITICAL LIBERALISM: 10 POLITICAL LIBERALISM HIT BY STATE FISCAL CRISIS AND WORLD MARKET COMPETITION REGRESSION OF REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY INTO PLEBISCITARY DEMOCRACY RETURN OF PROTO-FASCISM 8 201 DECEMBER WORK DOCUMENTWORK 1 € £ 0.5 US$ 1 30 CZK 75 Rs INTRODUCTION This document has for the moment only been published in French and English and is a work in progress. The text has arrived at a certain level of maturity, and that’s why we have presented it for the criticism of comrades without waiting for further developments in the situation. We will take account of criticism received in the eventual publication of another pamphlet which will then be translated into various languages, as is usual. CONTACTS Kolektivně proti kapitálu See the website: http://protikapitalu.org/ Mouvement Communiste Write to: [email protected] . See the website: http://www.mouvement-communiste.com TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 2 CRISIS OF POLITICAL LIBERALISM ........................................................................................... 3 A CHANGING STATE OF AFFAIRS ........................................................................................................... 3 AN ATTACK ON THREE FRONTS ............................................................................................................. 4 THE RECONSTITUTION OF THE PEOPLE .................................................................................................... 4 THE RENATIONALISATION OF THE ECONOMY AND THE LABOUR MARKET .............................................. 7 THE MARGINALISATION OF THE ORGANS POLITICAL AND TRADE UNION MEDIATION AND THE TOTALITARIAN REFOUNDING OF DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS .............................................................. 14 ANALYTICAL ADJUSTMENTS ............................................................................................................... 19 CONTEXTUAL NOTES ON THE “CRISIS OF POLITICAL LIBERALISM” TEXT ............. 22 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 22 FROM PROLETARIAN STRUGGLES TO DEMOCRATIC MOVEMENTS AND THE CRISIS OF 2007-2008 22 THE POLITICAL PARTIES IN CRISIS ..................................................................................................... 25 EVOLUTION OF THE ROLE OF THE STATE ........................................................................................... 26 PROTO-FASCISM ................................................................................................................................... 27 PARTICIPATORY DEMOCRACY ............................................................................................................ 28 MEANWHILE, IMMIGRANT-HUNTING GETS UNDER WAY ................................................................... 30 A VERY PROVISIONAL CONCLUSION ................................................................................................... 31 ABOUT A FEW PROTO-FASCIST MOVEMENTS ...................................................................... 33 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 33 ACTION FRANÇAISE ............................................................................................................................. 33 BEGINNINGS.......................................................................................................................................... 33 IDEOLOGY .............................................................................................................................................. 34 EVOLUTION .......................................................................................................................................... 35 PROUDHON CIRCLE ............................................................................................................................. 36 D’ANNUNZIO’S ASSOCIAZIONE NAZIONALISTA ITALIANA ............................................................... 37 DNVP .................................................................................................................................................... 38 DHV ...................................................................................................................................................... 39 AUSTRIAN SOCIAL-CHRISTIAN PARTY ............................................................................................... 40 UNION OF THE RUSSIAN PEOPLE ........................................................................................................ 40 BIOGRAPHICAL DETAILS ..................................................................................................................... 41 ENRICO CORRADINI (1865-1932) ........................................................................................................ 41 KARL LUEGER (1844-1910) ................................................................................................................. 42 ENGELBERT DOLLFUß (1892-1934) ..................................................................................................... 43 GEORGES VALOIS (1878-1945) ............................................................................................................ 44 ANNEXES ............................................................................................................................................ 45 ON THE QUESTION OF FREE TRADE ................................................................................................... 45 NOTES ON J.S. MILL ............................................................................................................................ 54 1 INTRODUCTION Over the last few years we’ve seen something, in various countries, that hasn’t been experienced for a long while. It is the election of candidates who are not functional in terms of the interests of big, modern, global internationalist capital, and with a programme of hatred towards migrants, even all external entities, thrown in. Undoubtedly, the example of Trump is the paradigm but it’s not the only one. This phenomenon is accompanied by the progression, in the parliamentary democracies, from the tendency to short-circuit or reduce the role of parliaments, to the establishment of a direct link between the head of state and the people, to ignoring intermediate bodies (trade unions, etc.). And this applies whether the head of state belongs to the camp of sovereigntists like Orbán, or to the camp of modernisers like Macron. The corollary of this is the demand for protection on the part of the population, aroused by fears, confirmed or not, that require order. Liberal, parliamentary representative democracy is therefore in crisis (and that affects the traditional parties and causes them to crumble). But what is representative democracy, how was it created and how has it evolved? Do the new men of the hour and the forces that support them represent a new phenomenon? Unfortunately not. Between 1900 and 1930, similar tendencies, that we can qualify as proto-fascist, existed before the forms that were actually deployed, Italian Fascism and German Nazism, came to dominate. But representative democracy is not only attacked from the “right”. It is also attacked from the “left” by the supporters of “participatory” democracy who share a number of common points with the right, notably on the constitution of the people, even if they put the accent on the constitution of community (of struggle, affinity etc.). Another recent phenomenon is the emergence of spontaneous movements from civil society, in Germany and Italy, for example, which does not involve fascist organisations hunting down immigrants. Finally, does this change in the period, the crisis of representative democracy, the emergence of proto-fascist movements, set the course towards war? To try to understand the situation and its possible evolutions, this work in progress therefore puts together the following texts: First, the “Crisis of political liberalism” Second, Contextual Notes on the text “Crisis of political liberalism” Third, “About proto-fascist movements” Finally, some annexes reproducing texts by Marx. The text has reached a certain maturity, that’s why we’re publishing it in the form of a work in progress, for comrades to criticise, without waiting for further developments in the situation. It is a situation which is evolving, unfortunately in the bad sense, as is shown by the agitation of the Gilets jaunes in France, who illustrate the possibilities of proto-fascism1. 1 See “GILETS JAUNES: the first attempts at mobilising “the people” for a strong state against the proletariat”: http://movement-communiste.com/documents/MC/Leaflets/BLT1812ENvF.pdf 2 CRISIS OF POLITICAL LIBERALISM A changing state of affairs Political liberalism has been hit hard by the state fiscal crisis and competition on the world market. Representative democracy in regression gives rise to the monster of plebiscitary democracy in the most varied forms, from referendum inflation to its extreme variant in so-called participatory democracy. Conscious workers must sharpen the tools of class political independence by the theoretical and practical
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