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UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Outsider Politics: Radicalism

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UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Outsider Politics: Radicalism UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Outsider politics : Radicalism as a Political Strategy in Western Europe and Latin America A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science by Verónica Hoyo Committee in charge: Professor William Chandler, Chair Professor Matthew Shugart, Co-Chair Professor Akos Rona-Tas Professor Sebastian Saiegh Professor Kaare Strom 2010 Copyright Verónica Hoyo, 2010 All rights reserved. The Dissertation of Verónica Hoyo is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: Co-Chair Chair University of California, San Diego 2010 iii DEDICATION A mis padres, Irma y Gonzalo, y a mi hermana Irma. Gracias por ser fuente constante de amor, inspiración y apoyo incondicional. Esto nunca hubiera sido posible sin ustedes. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page.............................................................................................................. iii Dedication..................................................................................................................... iv Table of Contents.......................................................................................................... v List of Abbreviations...................................................................................................... vi List of Tables................................................................................................................... xii List of Graphs................................................................................................................. xiii List of Figures................................................................................................................. xiv Acknowledgments....................................................................................................... xv Vita................................................................................................................................. xviii Abstract......................................................................................................................... xix Introduction................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1: Radicalism as a Political Strategy. The Theory..................................... 7 Chapter 2: Finding the elusive: Outsider Parties...................................................... 39 Chapter 3: Shape shifters: radical parties in WE and LA......................................... 93 Chapter 4: Radicals at work: radical strategy time and space............................ 148 Conclusion..................................................................................................................... 228 Appendices................................................................................................................... 231 References..................................................................................................................... 240 v LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 1WW First World War 2WW Second World War AC Alternativa para el Cambio (NIC) ACT Association of Consumers and Taxpayers AD Acción Democrática AD Australian Democrats AF Action Française AICO Autoridades Indígenas de Colombia ALAS Alternativa Liberal de Avanzada Social Allc Alliance (NZ) ALN Alianza Liberal Nicaragüense ALP Australian Labour Party AN Assemblée Nationale AN Alleanza Nazionale ANR-PC Asociación Nacional Republicana-Partido Colorado (PRY) AP Acción Popular (PER) ARENA Alianza Republicana Nacionalista ARI Afirmación para una República Igualitaria ASI Alianza Social Indígena (COL) AyL Autodeterminación y Libertad BQ Bloc Québecois CA Canadian Alliance Cap21 Citoyenneté, action, participation pour le XX e siècle CD Cambio Democrático (PAN) CDA Christian Democratic Appeal CD&V Christian-Democratic and Flemish CDU Christlich Demokratische Union CSU Christlich Soziale Union CNIP Centre national des indépendants et paysans Con Conservative Party Convergencia (MEX) COPEI Comité de Organización Política Electoral Independiente CPC Compromiso para el Cambio CPNT Chasse, pêche, nature, tradition CU Christian Union CVP Christian Democratic People’s Party D66 Democraten 66 DCG Democracia Cristiana Guatemalteca DF Danks Folkeparti DL Démocratie Libérale DKP Deutsche Kommunistiche Partei DS Democratici di Sinistra DVU Deutsche Volksunion Eco Ecolo (BE) EDU Federal Democratic Union EG Encuentro por Guatemala Enh Unity List vi EVP Evangelical People’s Party FA Frente Amplio (CRI) FA-EP-NM Frente Amplio, Encuentro Progresista, Nueva Mayoría (URY) FDC Frente de Centro (PER) FDP Freie Demokratische Partei (DE) FDP The Liberals FI Forza Italia FMLN Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional FN Front National (BE) FN Front National (FR) FPO Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs FPTP first-past-the-post electoral system FrePoBo Frente Popular Bonaerense FRG Frente Republicano Guatemalteco FrP Progress Party (DK) FRS Forum des Républicains Sociaux FSLN Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional GANA Gran Alianza Nacional GL Green Left GPA Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand GPC Green Party of Canada GPS Green Party (CH) Green Liste Verdi GRN Australian Greens Gro ! Green (BE) Gru Die Grünen (AT) Gru Die Grünen (DE) ID Partido de Izquierda Democrática (ECU) It.Val. Italia dei Valori KPD Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands KF Conservative People’s Party KrF Kristeligt Folkeparti Lab UK Labour Party LCR Ligue Communiste Révolutionnaire LD UK Liberal Democrats LibDems UK Liberal Democrats LN Lega Nord LO Lutte Ouvrière LPA Liberal Party of Australia LPC Liberal Party of Canada LPF Lijst Pim Fortuyn LPS Liberale Partei der Schweiz MAL Movimiento de Apertura Liberal (COL) Marg La Margherita (IT) MAS Movimiento al Socialismo MDC Mouvement des Citoyens MIRA Movimiento Independiente de Renovación Absoluta (COL) MNR Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario (BOL) MOLIRENA Movimiento Liberal Republicano Nacionalista (PAN) MPD Movimiento Popular Democrático (ECU) vii MPF Mouvement pour la France MPN Movimiento Popular Neuquino (ARG) MPQ Movimiento Patria Querida MR Mouvement Réformateur MRS Movimiento Renovador Sandinista MSFT Movimiento Soziale Fiamma Tricolore MST Movimiento Socialista de los Trabajadores (ARG) MUPP-NP Movimiento Unidad Plurinacional Pachakutik-Nuevo País (ECU) MVR Movimiento V República NDP New Democratic Party NP National Party (NZ) NP National Party of Australia NPD Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands N-VA New Flemish Alliance NZFP New Zealand First Party NZLP Labour Party OAS Organisation Armée Secrète ON One Nation Party OVP Österreichische Volkspartei PAC Partido Acción Ciudadana PML Partido Movimiento Libertario (CRI) PAN Partido Acción Nacional PAN Partido de Avanzada Nacional (GTM) PANAL Partido Nueva Alianza Pann Lista Pannella Bonino PAP (APRA) Partido Aprista Peruano Partido Panameñista (Arnulfista) Partido Solidaridad (PAN) Partido-U Partido Social de Unidad Nacional (COL) PASC Partido Alianza Social y Campesina PASE Partido Accesibilidad sin Exclusión (CRI) PC Partido Colorado (URY) PC Conservative Party of Canada PC Partido Comunista de la Argentina PC Partido Comunista (CHL) PC Partido Comunista (URY) PCC Partido Conservador Colombiano PCD Partido Cambio Democrático (SLV) PCF Parti Communiste Français PC do B Partido Comunista do Brasil PCN Partido Comunista de Nicaragua PCN Partido de Conciliación Nacional (SLV) PCR Partido Cambio Radical PCV Partido Comunista Venezolano PCy Plaid Cymru PDA Polo Democrático Alternativo PdA Swiss Party of Labour PDC Partido Cambio Democrático (PAN) PDC Partido Demócrata Cristiano de Honduras PDC Partido Demócrata Cristiano (SLV) viii PDCI Partito dei Comunisti Italiani PDS Partei des Demokratischen Sozialismus PDT Partido Democrático Trabalhista PEN Partido Encuentro Nacional PFN Parti des Forces Nouvelles PH Partido Humanista PINU Partido de Innovación y Unidad Social Democrática PJ Primero Justicia (VEN) PJ Partido Justicialista PL Liberal Party (BRA) PL Partido Liberal (COL) PLC Partido Liberal Constitucionalista (NIC) PLD Partido de la Liberación Dominicana PLH Partido Nacional de Honduras PLN Partido Liberación Nacional (CRI) PLRA Partido Liberal Radical Auténtico (PRY) PM Prime Minister PMDB Partido do Movimiento Democrático Brasil PML Partido Movimiento Libertario PN Partido Nacional (URY) PNH Partido Nacional de Honduras PODEMOS Poder democrático y social (BOL) Podemos Por la Democracia Social (VEN) PP Partido Progressista PP Partido Patriota (GTM) PP Partido Popular (PAN) PP Perú Posible PPC Partido Popular Cristiano (PER) PPD Partido por la Democracia (CHL) PPS Partido Popular Socialista (BRA) PPS Partido País Solidario (PRY) PPT Patria Para Todos PRC Partido Renovación Costarricense PRD Partido de la Revolución Democrática(MEX) PRD Partido Revolucionario Domunicana PRD Partido Revolucionario Democrático (PAN) PRE Partido Rodolsista Ecuatoriano PRI Partido Revolucionario Institucional (MEX) PRI Partido Regionalista de los Independientes (CHL) PRIAN Partido Renovador Institucional de Acción Nacional (ECU) PRG Parti Radical de Gauche PRN Partido Rescate Nacional (CRI) PRN Partido Resistencia Nicaragüense PRSC Partido Reformista Social Cristiano (DOM) PRSD Partido Radical Socialdemócrata PS Parti Socialiste (BE) PS Parti Socialiste Français PS Partido Socialista (CHL) PS Partido Socialista (ARG) PS-FA Partido Socialista-Frente Amplio (ECU) ix PSB Partido Socialista Brasileiro PSC
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