Alceste De Ambris Dall'interventismo All'esilio
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Waiting for War: Portugal, Spain, Italy and Greece, 1914-1918 FILIPE RIBEIRO DE MENESES *
Comunicação & Cultura, n.º 16, 2013, pp. 31-46 Waiting for war: Portugal, Spain, Italy and Greece, 1914-1918 FILIPE RIBEIRO DE MENESES * In his Modern Spain 1875-1980, Raymond Carr wrote that “in all countries of Southern and Eastern Europe the strains imposed by the Great War of 1914- 1918 proved too great for democratic and quasi-democratic regimes.”1 While undoubtedly true, these words should not be read to mean that the war was nec- essarily a catastrophe imposed by the Great Powers on these countries: Many within them saw the generalized European war – the result of the existing alliance system which turned an Austrian-Serbian dispute into something very different – as a unique historic opportunity to be seized in order to pursue concrete, often expansionist, goals. Interventionism, in other words, was a policy choice freely pursued. When the First World War began officially, on 28 July 1914, the countries of southern Europe were by no means unaccustomed to armed conflict. Whether in the colonial sphere (in the cases of Portugal, Spain, and Italy) or against one or more European powers (in the cases of Italy and Greece), all four of the coun- tries covered in this article had recently been engaged in sometimes defensive, but more often than not aggressive, military action – so much so that the chronologi- cal limits of the First World War are beginning, in the opinion of many historians – to fray at the edges, not because of actions undertaken by the Great Powers, but because of the activities undertaken by their southern neighbours.2 All four _______________ * Professor at the National University of Ireland, Maynooth. -
Sentinelle Perdute Gli Anarchici, La Mort
BFS_2009_01_Antonioli 10-02-2009 19:38 Pagina 1 34 | cultura storica BFS_2009_01_Antonioli 10-02-2009 19:38 Pagina 2 BFS_2009_01_Antonioli 10-02-2009 19:38 Pagina 3 MAURIZIO ANTONIOLI SENTINELLE PERDUTE Gli anarchici, la morte, la guerra BFS_2009_01_Antonioli 10-02-2009 19:38 Pagina 4 In copertina: elaborazione grafica da un disegno di Ugo Ortona (dal volume: F. NIETZSCHE, Considerazioni inattuali, Milano, Monanni, 1926) Progetto grafico e impaginazione: fuoriMargine (Vr) 2009 © BFS edizioni Biblioteca Franco Serantini Amministrazione e distribuzione: Libercoop via I. Bargagna, 60 – 56124 Pisa tel./fax 050 9711432 [email protected] www.bfs-edizioni.it ISBN 978-88-89413-34-0 BFS_2009_01_Antonioli 10-02-2009 19:38 Pagina 5 INDICE 7 PREMESSA 11 LA MORTE DEI TITANI E DEGLI EROI 23 LA COMPAGNIA DELLA MORTE. Gli anarchici garibaldini nella guerra greco-turca del 1897. Ritratto di gruppo 41 GLI ANARCHICI ITALIANI E LA RIVOLUZIONE RUSSA DEL 1905 53 D’ANNUNZIO E GLI ANARCHICI. A proposito di Corrado Brando 63 NAZIONALISMO SOVVERSIVO? 99 GLI ANARCHICI ITALIANI E LA PRIMA GUERRA MONDIALE. Lettere di Luigi Fabbri e di Cesare Agostinelli a Nella Giacomelli (1914-’15) 125 GLI ANARCHICI ITALIANI E LA PRIMA GUERRA MONDIALE. Lettere di anarchici interventisti (1914-’15) 163 GLI ANARCHICI ITALIANI E LA PRIMA GUERRA MONDIALE. Il diario di Luigi Fabbri (maggio-settembre 1915) 187 GUERRA, AMORE E AMICIZIA. Tre anarchiche di fronte alla Prima guerra mondiale 209 INDICE DEI NOMI BFS_2009_01_Antonioli 10-02-2009 19:38 Pagina 6 BFS_2009_01_Antonioli 10-02-2009 19:38 Pagina 7 PREMESSA Andrea Costa, nella sua famosa lettera Ai miei amici di Romagna, del luglio 1879, scriveva: La rivoluzione è una cosa seria. -
Citation.Pdf
Table of Contents Chapter I: Introduction and the Definition of Fascism - 2 Chapter II: Rise of Fascism in Italy - 14 Chapter III: Rise of Fascism in Germany - 33 Chapter IV: Road to the Spanish Civil War - 55 Chapter V: Rise of Franco - 77 Chapter VI: Comparing Spain with Italy and Germany - 99 Bibliography - 116 ii Chapter I Introduction The interwar period between the First and Second World Wars in Europe is a fascinating period of study for a political and military historian. The period saw some of the most radical changes to the European map since the end of the Napoleonic Wars, and the peace that established this period led to a general dissatisfaction with the political status quo. It was a period that saw the old guard being swept away, with new ideologies rising to challenge the political norms of liberalism and socialism. Italy and Germany are the two major countries that spring to mind when one thinks of ideological change during this time. Both saw a rise in the far-right that ultimately allowed those fringe organizations to seize power, but they were not the only major European countries to experience social upheaval before the Second World War. Spain, while neutral during the First World War, could not escape the changes or problems sweeping across Europe. However, whereas the Italian far-right and German far-right obtained their power through the established political systems in those countries, Spain ignited into a three-year-long civil war that saw anywhere between two hundred and fifty thousand to a million people killed. -
Physical Education and Sporting Activity for Women During the Fascist Era
PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTING ACTIVITY FOR WOMEN DURING THE FASCIST ERA Dissertation Zur Erlangung des sozialwissenschaftlichen Doktorgrades des Fachbereichs Sozialwissenschaften der Universität Göttingen Vorgelegt von Gigliola Gori Pesaro, Italien Göttingen, 2000 2 Berichterstatter: Prof. Dr. Arnd Krüger Mitberichterstatter: Prof. Dr. James Riordan Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 11 May 2000 3 Chapter 1 Introduction 9 1.1 The general framework 10 1.2 State of research 15 1.3 Methodology 18 Chapter 2 Outlines of Fascism as a culture of virility 23 2.1 Historical and ideological premises 25 2.2 The myth of the new man 30 2.3 Fascist institutions and aesthetics 35 2.4 Virility in literature and art 43 2.5 The last period: Fascism and Nazism 49 Chapter 3 Model women and physical training before Fascism 57 3.1 Nineteenth Century women: modesty and gymnastics 61 4 3.2 Emancipated women at the start of the Twentieth Century 73 Chapter 4 Model women during the fascist era 87 4.1 The revolutionary woman in early Fascism (1919-24) 89 4.2 The new woman of the regime: wife and mother (1925-35) 94 4.3 The militarised woman throughout the war years (1936-45) 102 Chapter 5 5. Fascism and physical training of the female body 115 5.1 Sports medicine and eugenics 118 5.2 Physical education and sport in school and university 139 5.3 Training of physical education teachers 168 5.4 Spare-time motor activity 181 5.5 Health resorts 189 5.6 Visibility through sports: contests and displays 200 5 5.7 Fashion, aesthetics and feminine form 219 Chapter 6 Sportswomen's profiles, biographies and interviews 233 6.1 The 'little Italian wonder': Ondina Valla 234 6.2 Biographies of eminent sportswomen 243 6.3 Oral interviews: living testimony to the past 249 Chapter 7 Conclusions 265 Footnotes 271 Bibliography 315 6 7 Chapter 1 8 9 1. -
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Il verbo (e)sangue: Gabriele D'Annunzio and the Ritualization of Violence Barbara Spackman Among the points of agreement found in the correspondence be- tween Georges Sorel and Benedetto Croce is a vehement antipa- thy to the literature and politics of Gabriele D'Annunzio. Such a shared aversion is hardly surprising, given D'Annunzio's inter- ventionist stance in the First World War and the pair's moralistic reactions to the colorful biographical lore which surrounded D'Annunzio. 1 Yet an ideological link between Sorel and Croce is but one of several interpretations of the rhetoric of Sorel whose Réflexions sur la violence might also be seen as a pallid meta- 2 language for D'Annunzio's literature of politics. D'Annunzio's language, in turn, becomes a metalanguage for describing the his- torical context of pre-Fascist Italy, rather than, as Croce would— have it, an outrageous falsification. D'Annunzio's "translation" and we will see to what extent it may be called faithful — is a pre- Fascist one. The proto-Fascist interpretation of Sorel's revolution- ary syndicalism was written into the text of Italy's history by 3 D'Annunzio's political rival, Benito Mussolini. The paths of these two metaphorical translations zigzag across the political scene of Italy between the wars, acting out what I suggest is an aporia in Sorel's text itself. Réflexions sur la violence attempts to mythologize the future by mythologizing the past; it attempts to strengthen the proletariat by energizing the capitalist bourgeoisie. This un- decidability of political direction is acted out on the stage of Italy. -
Italian Communists, the Cold War, and West-East Migration from Venezia Giulia, 1945-1949
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2019 Liberation by Emigration: Italian Communists, the Cold War, and West-East Migration from Venezia Giulia, 1945-1949 Luke Gramith West Virginia University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Part of the European History Commons, Intellectual History Commons, Labor History Commons, Political History Commons, and the Social History Commons Recommended Citation Gramith, Luke, "Liberation by Emigration: Italian Communists, the Cold War, and West-East Migration from Venezia Giulia, 1945-1949" (2019). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 3914. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/3914 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LIBERATION BY EMIGRATION: ITALIAN COMMUNISTS, THE COLD WAR, AND WEST-EAST MIGRATION FROM VENEZIA GIULIA, 1945-1949 Luke Gramith Dissertation submitted to the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences at West Virginia University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Joshua Arthurs, Ph.D., Chair Katherine Aaslestad, Ph.D. -
The Passive Revolutionary Route to the Modern World: Italy and India in Comparative Perspective Author(S): Dylan J
Society for Comparative Studies in Society and History The Passive Revolutionary Route to the Modern World: Italy and India in Comparative Perspective Author(s): Dylan J. Riley and Manali Desai Source: Comparative Studies in Society and History, Vol. 49, No. 4 (Oct., 2007), pp. 815-847 Published by: Cambridge University Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4497708 . Accessed: 25/08/2013 23:50 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Cambridge University Press and Society for Comparative Studies in Society and History are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Comparative Studies in Society and History. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 136.152.209.153 on Sun, 25 Aug 2013 23:50:41 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions ComparativeStudies in Societyand History2007;49(4):815-847. 0010-4175/07$15.00 ? 2007 Societyfor Comparative Study of Societyand History DOI: 10.1017/S0010417507000771 The PassiveRevolutionary Route to theModem World: Italy and India in ComparativePerspective DYLAN J. RILEY Sociology,University of California, Berkeley MANALI DESAI Sociology,University of Kent Hindostanis an Italyof Asiatic dimensions, the Himalayas for the Alps, the Plains of Bengalfor the Plains of Lombardy,the Deccan for the Apennines, and the Isle of Ceylonfor the Island of Sicily. -
Casapound Italia and the Fascism of the Third Millenium
LA DERIVA RADICAL: CASAPOUND ITALIA Y EL FASCISMO DEL TERCER MILENIO The Radical Gravitation: CasaPound Italia and the Fascism of the third millenium MATTEO RE Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [email protected] Cómo citar/Citation Re, M. (2020). La deriva radical: CasaPound Italia y el fascismo del tercer milenio. Revista de Estudios Políticos, 189, 259-287. doi: https://doi.org/10.18042/cepc/rep.189.09 Resumen En este artículo se analiza la evolución del movimiento ultraderechista Casa- Pound Italia desde su nacimiento hasta las elecciones generales de 2018. Para aclarar sus vínculos con el fascismo, se ha procedido a examinar a) las características del fascismo italiano del periodo anterior a la instauración del régimen mussoliniano, así como de su fase republicana; b) el contragolpe psicológico que sufrieron los neofas- cistas tras la derrota en la Segunda Guerra Mundial; c) los fenómenos de disidencia en el seno del neofascismo tradicional representado por el Movimento Sociale Italiano, detectando las influencias que más han marcado la ideología y la estructura organizativa de CasaPound Italia, y d) las influencias de la nouvelle droite, así como de algunas organizaciones extraparlamentarias. Sucesivamente, se ha procedido a describir el nacimiento de la organización y su paso por la política activa en el contexto de crisis sistémica y reestructuración de la derecha que se produce entre 2008 y 2018. Por último, se han proporcionado las principales pautas ideológicas de CasaPound Italia y analizado su programa político. Así, hemos demostrado tanto los vínculos de continuidad con una parte determinada del fascismo tradicional y del neofascismo de posguerra, como la evolución, en clave moderna, de aquellos aspectos que los mismos militantes de CasaPound Italia definen como fascismo del tercer milenio. -
Guida Alla Mostra
Con il patrocinio di: In collaborazione con: Con il conributo di: FIUMEDICEMBRE 1920: FINISCE L’AVVENTURA TRA Guida NAZIONALISMO alla CONSERVATORE, mostra PROGETTI RIVOLUZIONARI E IMMAGINAZIONE AL POTERE. IL SOSTEGNO DEI MILANESI A GABRIELE D’ANNUNZIO EDIZIONI FONDAZIONE ANNA KULISCIOFF Il percorso della mostra si snoda tra immagini, materiali e oggetti che, nell’intento della Fondazione Anna Kuliscioff, possano testimoniare e documentare gli eventi salienti e i principali protagonisti di quella che è stata definita “l’avventura fiumana”. Nella Sala Paganini, al piano terra, la riproduzione della mostra fotografica “Adesso comincia il bello”, allestita nel 2019 a Pescara, curata dal Professore Bruno Giordano Guerri, Presidente della Fondazione Il Vittoriale degli Italiani, che, anche con immagini inedite, introduce questo percorso: le fotografie esposte contribuiscono non poco a mostrare l’immagine di una comunità dove la joie de vivre era uno stato d’animo contagioso, che offriva al mondo esterno un messaggio di vitalità e di allegria. A completamento una selezione della raccolta di francobolli emessi dal governo di Fiume e l’esposizione di cartoline d’epoca, possedute dalla Fondazione Anna Kuliscioff. In questa sezione non poteva mancare, come nostra tradizione, l’attenzione dedicata alle immagini della satira del tempo, in particolare con l’esposizione delle vignette, anche inedite, di Giuseppe Scalarini, il disegnatore socialista che di Gabriele d’Annunzio fu fiero avversario. Nelle Sale degli Affreschi, al piano superiore, il visitatore -
Futurismo Italiano Y Fascismo Paradigmático: Estética Y Política Una Convergencia Problemática
FUTURISMO ITALIANO Y FASCISMO PARADIGMÁTICO: ESTÉTICA Y POLÍTICA UNA CONVERGENCIA PROBLEMÁTICA. ENCUENTRO Y DESENCUENTRO DE DOS FENÓMENOS CONTRADICTORIOS (1909-1922) TESIS DOCTORAL AITOR AURREKOETXEA JIMÉNEZ Donostia 2015 2 FUTURISMO ITALIANO Y FASCISMO PARADIGMÁTICO: ESTÉTICA Y POLÍTICA UNA CONVERGENCIA PROBLEMÁTICA. ENCUENTRO Y DESENCUENTRO DE DOS FENÓMENOS CONTRADICTORIOS (1909-1922) AITOR AURREKOETXEA JIMÉNEZ Tesis realizada para la obtención del Grado de Doctor, dirigida por el Prof. Dr. Mikel Iriondo Aranguren. Facultad de Filosofía y Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea. Departamento de Filosofía de los Valores y Antropología Social Donostia 2015 3 4 AGRADECIMIENTOS La elaboración de esta tesis doctoral no habría sido posible sin el aliento y la colaboración de algunas personas que me espolearon en todo momento para que no me desanimara, en la creencia sincera de que este trabajo merecía la pena. En primer lugar, quisiera mencionar al profesor Javier San Martín, que prendió en mí el interés por el futurismo italiano y al que debo en gran medida haberme, en última instancia, decantado por esta opción para elaborar mi tesis doctoral, una vez descartada otras. También quería agradecer, como no puede ser de otra manera, el apoyo de mi familia durante el tiempo que ha durado este viaje, de mis padres y de un modo muy particular de Ainhoa y de Maddi, que son quienes permanentemente han estado a mi lado en esta pequeña singladura. Todos ellos me han ayudado a disfrutar del clima propicio para acometer con ánimo este trabajo de investigación. No querría olvidar al personal de todas las bibliotecas y fondos varios que he consultado para la elaboración de la tesis y en especial querría hacer mención a las personas que se encargan del funcionamiento de la bien surtida biblioteca de la facultad de Bellas Artes de la Universidad del País Vasco, y que han sido más que pacientes conmigo y con mis habituales tardanzas en la devolución de algunos libros y documentos por ellos prestados. -
William Klinger – Germania E Fiume. La
SERIE PRIMA: FONTI VOL. XIII WILLIAM KLINGER GERMANIA E FIUME La questione fiumana nella diplomazia tedesca (92-924) DEPUTAZIONE DELLA STORIA PATRIA PER LA VENEZIA GIULIA TRIESTE 2011 © 2011 Deputazione di Storia Patria per la Venezia Giulia Via A. La Marmora 17, 34139 Trieste, Italia ISBN 978-88-97557-13-5 In copertina: Carlo Sbisà, La città deserta (1929), olio su tela, 70x95 cm, firmato e datato in basso a sinistra (collezione privata), Da Carlo Sbisà, catalogo della mostra a cura di R. BARILLI e M. MASAU DAN, Electa, Milano 1996, p. 84. La traduzione dal tedesco dei documenti è stata curata da Sebastiano Blancato. TUTTI I DIRITTI riservati Impaginazione e supporti informatici Fabio Prenc Finito di stampare nel mese di novembre 2011 presso: LithoStampa srl, Pasian di Prato (UD) 2 Indice Prefazione ................................................................................................ 5 Premessa ................................................................................................. 7 Fiume e il Patto di Londra ...................................................................... 11 La questione fiumana alla Conferenza della Pace (1919) ...................... 17 L’accordo italo-jugoslavo di Rapallo (1920) .......................................... 37 L’attività del Consolato tedesco di Fiume (1921-1922) ......................... 43 L’avvento del fascismo ........................................................................... 65 Fiume e Corfù (1923) ............................................................................ -
Intellectuals and the Rise of Mass Politics Dylan Riley
Intellectuals and the Rise of Mass Politics Dylan Riley § 1 - Introduction: This dissertation will contribute to explaining why Italy became a fascist dictatorship but France remained a parliamentary democracy in the period between the two world wars (1918-1939). In both France and Italy there were social groups espousing ideologies of the radical right, both were involved in World War I, both contained powerful anti-parliamentary social forces and both had histories of authoritarianism. However in France parliamentary government survived while in Italy the fascist movement seized (or was handed) power in 1922. Explaining why the regimes of inter-war Europe took different forms is a classic problem of political sociology. Scholars have explained these differences as a result of differences in the relative gradualness or suddenness of suffrage extension (Mann 1987: 192), as a result of the balance of class forces (Moore 1966: xvii; Poulantzas 1974), as a result of strategic political failures and successes on the part of the socialist party (Luebbert 1987: 461), and as a result of the strength or weakness of the state apparatus (Skocpol 1973: 22). These theories are important to explaining variation in regime forms. However, none of them have convincing explanations of what was specific to fascist movements, as opposed to non-fascist types of anti-democratic reaction. This is because these theories tend to reduce the political form of fascist movements to their social bases, whether these are conceived as a class coalition or a some other coalition of social groups. The point of this dissertation is to investigate the argument that the fascist form of anti-democratic reaction was the result of an over-representation of reactionary humanistic intellectuals among its leadership.