DOCSLIB.ORG

Kamehameha II in London, 1824

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

j. susan corley The British Press Greets the King of the Sandwich Islands: Kamehameha II in London, 1824 Portsmouth—May 17. Arrived L’Aigle, Captain Starbuck, from the South Seas and Rio de Janeiro; she has on board the King and Queen of the Sandwich Isles; and several chiefs, come to England to pay a visit to his Majesty King George IV.1 Kamehameha II, who preferred the name Liholiho, became an object of considerable public curiosity as soon as he stepped ashore at Portsmouth, England on May 17, 1824. Over the next several weeks, the press speculated repeatedly about the visitors’ reasons for coming to England. More than 80 newspaper items appeared about the royal couple from the time of their arrival until their deaths in mid-July. Some newspaper coverage looked for opportunities to poke fun at the Sandwich Islanders and deride their appearance, character, and background, and one newspaper’s coverage was particularly virulent; but most newspapers just reported the news in a straightforward, J. Susan Corley holds a Master’s degree in History from the University of Arizona with an interest in Hawaiian history. Her thesis, Hawaii, 1819–1830: Years of Decision, can be found in the University of Hawai‘i library holdings. Now retired from her position as Vice President/Human Resources from Maui Land & Pineapple Company, Mrs. Corley pursues her study of Liholiho and his impact on Hawai‘i’s modernization. She also holds a M.B.A. from the University of Hawai‘i and is a member of the Maui Historical Society and the Hawaiian Historical Society. The Hawaiian Journal of History, vol. 42 (2008) 69 70 the hawaiian journal of history objective manner. Whatever the slant adopted by any individual news- paper, more than a dozen mostly-London newspapers kept alive the story of the king and queen of the Sandwich Islands who had come to England to meet King George. There is, of course, more to their story than just what one can read in the newspapers, but through newspaper articles a bystander can experience the same sense of fascination about every detail of these Sandwichean Majesties as did an average Englishman of London in 1824. At fi rst viewed only as simple, curiously dressed people who act differently, through the eyes of most newspaper reporters Liholiho and Kamamalu grow into a stylish, well-mannered couple capable of handling a variety of social situations with aplomb. Liholiho—fi rst seen just as a savage chief come to give away his islands—develops in the eyes of some reporters into a king who understands how to be a king. London takes this royal couple into their hearts—and then the city’s own heart breaks when Liholiho and Kamamalu die without ever getting to meet King George. Off to England Captain Kent, aboard the British colonial cutter Mermaid, arrived at Oahu in 1822 from New South Wales to deliver into the hands of the king of the Sandwich Islands a present from the king of Great Britain—a schooner christened Prince Regent. This present, arriving so unexpectedly and at a time when Liholiho was casting about searching for pathways on which to lead his islands into a modern world, gave Liholiho the opportunity to introduce himself to George IV by way of a letter of thanks. Most poignantly in light of future events, Liho- liho wrote George IV that he “wished to place his Sandwich Islands under the protection of the British crown,” and that he wanted to be “thought worthy [of] the confi dence I place in your Majesty’s wis- dom and judgment.” Signing with his regal name, Tamehameha II closed with the hope that George IV “may deem it fi t to answer this as soon as convenient; and your Majesty’s counsel and advice will be most thankfully received by your Majesty’s most obedient and devoted servant.” 2 Certainly Liholiho faced great leadership challenges, and he had kamehameha ii in london, 1824 71 good reason to ask George IV for counsel, advice, and a speedy reply. Commercial growth at Oahu had grown exponentially with the expan- sion of the sperm whaling industry into the northern Pacifi c Ocean in the early 1820s. By 1823, upwards of 30 commercial vessels could be counted in the roadstead and harbor of Honolulu in any given month during the winter whaling season. Most of the vessels sailed from the United States of America; only a few from England.3 Sailors, mer- chantmen, and traders crowded the ports and harbor towns, ignor- ing the islanders’ customs and beliefs, disdaining the efforts of the foreign missionaries, and regularly inciting breaches of the peace.4 The traditional system of law and order had been intertwined with the traditional religion, and so when Liholiho abolished the kapu system in 1819, that left the islands with a weakened system of laws. Liholiho understood that he needed to put into place a new civil structure, and he also knew he needed advice on how to create a civil administration capable of handling the changing needs of his subjects and maintain- ing order among so many foreigners.5 But no speedy answer arrived. And so Liholiho, increasingly dis- trustful of the intentions of the resident Americans and other foreign- ers,6 formed a plan to travel to England to learn directly from King George himself how best to manage these new, complex commercial relations within his kingdom. Liholiho’s chiefs did not endorse this bold plan. It was not just that the chiefs were concerned about the length of the voyage; they also distrusted the motives and character of Valentine Starbuck, the captain of the English South Seas whaler L’Aigle, on which Liholiho proposed to sail. Fearing Starbuck’s chica- nery but unable to dissuade Liholiho from going, the chiefs insisted that Liholiho’s message should be delivered by him directly to the king of England himself. The chiefs apparently hoped that this restric- tion would prevent Starbuck from posing as Liholiho’s spokesperson. Liholiho did agree to speak only to King George.7 He remained stead- fast to this promise throughout his stay in London.8 And so, despite everyone’s objections, Liholiho, his favorite queen Kamamalu, and his royal suite boarded L’Aigle and sailed away from the Sandwich Islands November 27, 1823. After a long voyage, includ- ing a lengthy stop at Rio de Janeiro, Liholiho and his suite arrived at Portsmouth, England aboard L’Aigle on May 17, 1824. Liholiho, 72 the hawaiian journal of history Kamamalu, and other members of their suite left the vessel at Ports- mouth and traveled with Starbuck to London.9 The Press Speculates British Admiral Eyre stationed at Rio de Janeiro sent word to his Admiralty of Liholiho’s intentions by letter marked “secret” and car- ried aboard L’Aigle. Relating that Liholiho was on his way to England “to pay his respects to His Britannic Majesty, and to put his islands, he says, under His Majesty’s protection,” Eyre also reported that Liholiho “seems to know how to appreciate the attentions which have been paid to him here” by the Brazilian Emperor. Traveling as it did on the same ship, the letter arrived at the Foreign Offi ce in London the day after Liholiho stepped ashore at Portsmouth.10 These two themes sketched out by Admiral Eyre—that Liholiho seeks the protection of the British crown, and that the behavior of Liholiho and his royal suite appears to be appropriate enough for the British court—would be picked up by newspapers and would domi- nate coverage of the Sandwich Islanders’ visit. The press would inter- weave with these threads a fascination about the Sandwich Islanders’ physical appearance, personal manners and habits, and constant speculation as to when George IV himself would deign to grant them an audience. Newspaper coverage began immediately. Brief press coverage in three different newspapers amounted simply to repeating “ship’s news” picked up a day or two after the publishing of ships’ arrivals of May 17 at Portsmouth.11 Two days later, the royal suite had been tracked to their lodgings in London, at Osborn’s Hotel in the respect- able Adelphi Terrace area of London, just off the Strand near the Thames.12 That location landed the royal party right in the heart of the London publishing district. More than a dozen well-circulated news- papers had their publishing offi ces within a mile or so of Osborn’s Hotel. Each advocated particular points of view; some distinguished their editorial positions based on political or religious affi liation, and others provided sporting news, fashionable intelligence, or otherwise appealed to a variety of literary and dramatic interests. Only The Times, already esteemed internationally, eschewed political affi liation, with a kamehameha ii in london, 1824 73 policy of providing “hard news” written with an indifference to politi- cal interests and connections. And so it was The Times that printed one of the fi rst “hard news only” stories amplifying an interesting tidbit printed elsewhere on the day after their arrival: Liholiho had traveled to England to study the English constitution and to seek the protection of Great Britain “in consequence of an attempt by the Russians to form a settlement there, to which the natives were extremely averse, but were not strong enough to resist openly.” 13 The Times indicated skepticism about the judgment of the royal party generally, noting that very long voyages are “unusual with crowned heads,” and ending with the churlish com- ment that “[b]oth purposes, it is probable, might have been equally well answered had ‘their Majesties’ remained in their own domin- ions.” 14 Liholiho’s desire to seek protection suited the understandings of the British government, however, which commonly distrusted the intentions of the Russians and had only the previous year disengaged itself from the Holy Alliance put together by Alexander I of Russia.
Recommended publications
  • Guide to Alice Marshall Women's History Collection

    Guide to Alice Marshall Women's History Collection

    Guide to the Alice Marshall Women’s History Collection, ca. 1546-1997. The Pennsylvania State University Penn State Harrisburg Library Archives and Special Collections Contact Information: Heidi Abbey Moyer Archivist and Humanities Reference Librarian Coordinator of Archives and Special Collections Penn State Harrisburg Library Archives and Special Collections 351 Olmsted Drive, Room 303 Middletown, PA 17057-4850 Tel.: 717.948.6056 E-mail: [email protected] Web: https://libraries.psu.edu/about/libraries/ penn-state-harrisburg-library/alice-marshall-womens-history-collection Date Completed: August 2010; Last Revised: 25 May 2017 © 2007-2017 The Pennsylvania State University. All rights reserved. Descriptive Summary Creator: Marshall, Alice Kahler. Title: Alice Marshall Women’s History Collection. Dates: ca. 1546-1997, bulk 1840-1950. Accession No.: AKM 91/1 – AKM 91/95. Language: Bulk of materials in English; some French. Extent: 238 cubic feet. Repository: Archives and Special Collections, Penn State Harrisburg Library, University Libraries, Pennsylvania State University. Administrative Information Access This collection is open for research. There are no access restrictions on this collection. Permission is required to quote from or duplicate materials in this collection. Usage Restrictions Use of audiotapes may require reformatting and/or production of listening copies. Acquisitions Information Gift and purchase of Alice K. Marshall of Camp Hill, Pa., in 1991. Processing Information Processed by: Heidi Abbey Moyer, Archivist and Humanities Reference Librarian and Coordinator of Archives and Special Collections (2006-Present), and Martha Sachs, Former Curator of the Alice Marshall Collection; in collaboration with Katie Barrett, Public Services Assistant (2014-Present), Lynne Calamia, American Studies Graduate Student (2007-2008); Jessica Charlton, Humanities Graduate Student (2008); Danielle K.
  • 2.10 Material Culture of the Hawaiian Islands

    2.10 Material Culture of the Hawaiian Islands

    2.10 Introduction to Pacific Review of Pacific Collections Collections: Material Culture in Scottish Museums of the Hawaiian Islands Produced as part of Pacific Collections in Scottish Museums: Unlocking their knowledge and potential project 2013-2014. For full information and resources visit www.nms.ac.uk/pacific The following material culture styles have particularly distinctive elements but broad collections are not commonly found in Scottish museums. Hawaiian Islands The Hawaiian Islands are an archipelago of volcanic origin located in north east Polynesia. There are eight main islands as well as smaller islands, atolls and islets. The largest island is Hawai’i. The other main inhabited islands are: O’ahu, Maui, Kaua’i, Moloka’i, Lana’i, Ni’hau, and Kaho’olawe. The islands were first settled in 1,300 from the south, most likely the Society Islands. The distance from other parts of Polynesia meant that Hawaiians developed distinctive forms of chieftainship, religious practices and material culture. The first European recorded to have visited the Hawaiian Islands was Captain James Cook in early 1778 on his third voyage, who named the archipelago the Sandwich Islands after his patron the Earl of Sandwich. Cook met his death there in February 1779. Kamehameha, who was a late 18th century Chief on the island of Hawai’i, attempted to gain control over the whole island group. By 1810 he had established a monarchy which ruled for most of the 19th century. At this time the Hawaiian Islands were recognised by foreign powers as a sovereign nation. Kamehameha’s son Liholiho (Kamehameha II) and Queen Kamamalu visited London on a state visit to George IV where they tragically died in 1824 after contracting measles.
  • Hawaiian Historical Society

    Hawaiian Historical Society

    UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII LIBRARY PAPERS OF THE HAWAIIAN HISTORICAL SOCIETY NUMBER 17 PAPERS READ BEFORE THE SOCIETY SEPTEMBER 30, 1930 PAPERS OF THE HAWAIIAN HISTORICAL SOCIETY NUMBER 17 PAPERS READ BEFORE THE SOCIETY , SEPTEMBER 30, 1930 Printed by The Printshop Co., Ltd. 1930 CONTENTS Page Proceedings of the Hawaiian Historical Society Meeting, September 30, 1930 _.. 5 Historical Notes- 7 By Albert Pierce Taylor, Secretary Reminiscences of the Court of Kamehameha IV and Queen Emma 17 By Col. Curtis Piehu Iaukea former Chamberlain to King Kalakaua The Adoption of the Hawaiian Alphabet 28 By Col. Thomas Marshall Spaulding, U.S.A. The Burial Caves- of Pahukaina 34 By Emma Ahuena Davis on Taylor Annexation Scheme of 1854 That Failed: Chapter Eighteen —Life of Admiral Theodoras Bailey, U.S.N ,.. 39 By Francis R. Stoddard «f (Read by Albert Pierce Taylor) - • . • Kauai Archeology 53 By Wendell C. Bennett Read before Kauai Historical Society, May 20, 1929 Burial of King Keawe '.. 63 By John P. G. Stokes PROCEEDINGS OF THE HAWAIIAN HISTORICAL SOCIETY MEETING SEPTEMBER 30, 1930 Meeting of the Society was called for this date, at 7:30 P. M., in the Library of Hawaii, to hear several Papers which were prepared by members on varied historical phases relating to the Hawaiian Islands. Bishop H. B. Restarick, president, in the chair; A. P. Taylor, secretary and several of the trustees, more members than usual in attendance, and many visitors present, the assembly room being filled to capacity. Bishop Restarick announced that the names of Harold W. Bradley, of Pomona, Calif., engaged in historical research in Honolulu until recently, and Bishop S.
  • History and Bibliography of American Newspapers 1690-1820

    History and Bibliography of American Newspapers 1690-1820

    Additions and Corrections to History and Bibliography of American Newspapers 1690-1820 BY CLARENCE S. BRIGHAM FOREWORD HESE additions and corrections cover only certain T fields of the parent work which was published in 1947 in two volumes. All new titles are carefully entered and described, although only nine such titles have been dis- covered in the last thirteen years. Only unique issues acquired by libraries have been entered. Certain libraries, like the Library of Congress, the New York libraries, and especially the American Antiquarian Society, have acquired thousands of issues in the past few years, but these are all in long or complete files and generally are not mentioned. Libraries which have sent me lists of issues recently obtained should note this fact and not expect to find all copies listed. In a few cases long files acquired by libraries have been entered, on the assumption that they might contain a few issues not in the supposedly complete files in other libraries. New biographical facts concerning publishers, printers, and editors are entered. Frequently, the complete spellings of Christian names hitherto known only by initials are given. Important changes in the historical accounts of newspapers i6 AMERICAN ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY [April, have been entered. Most of these changes have been ob- tained through correspondence, or by noting the record of additions in printed reports or bulletins of libraries. There has been no attempt to visit the many libraries to re-examine the various files. Microfilm reproductions issued by various libraries in the past few years have been noted, although not the many libraries purchasing such microfilm files.
  • The Electric Telegraph

    The Electric Telegraph

    To Mark, Karen and Paul CONTENTS page ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENTS TO 1837 13 Early experiments—Francis Ronalds—Cooke and Wheatstone—successful experiment on the London & Birmingham Railway 2 `THE CORDS THAT HUNG TAWELL' 29 Use on the Great Western and Blackwall railways—the Tawell murder—incorporation of the Electric Tele- graph Company—end of the pioneering stage 3 DEVELOPMENT UNDER THE COMPANIES 46 Early difficulties—rivalry between the Electric and the Magnetic—the telegraph in London—the overhouse system—private telegraphs and the press 4 AN ANALYSIS OF THE TELEGRAPH INDUSTRY TO 1868 73 The inland network—sources of capital—the railway interest—analysis of shareholdings—instruments- working expenses—employment of women—risks of submarine telegraphy—investment rating 5 ACHIEVEMENT IN SUBMARINE TELEGRAPHY I o The first cross-Channel links—the Atlantic cable— links with India—submarine cable maintenance com- panies 6 THE CASE FOR PUBLIC ENTERPRISE 119 Background to the nationalisation debate—public attitudes—the Edinburgh Chamber of Commerce— Frank Ives. Scudamore reports—comparison with continental telegraph systems 7 NATIONALISATION 1868 138 Background to the Telegraph Bill 1868—tactics of the 7 8 CONTENTS Page companies—attitudes of the press—the political situa- tion—the Select Committee of 1868—agreement with the companies 8 THE TELEGRAPH ACTS 154 Terms granted to the telegraph and railway companies under the 1868 Act—implications of the 1869 telegraph monopoly 9 THE POST OFFICE TELEGRAPH 176 The period 87o-1914—reorganisation of the
  • The Old New Journalism?

    The Old New Journalism?

    ORBIT-OnlineRepository ofBirkbeckInstitutionalTheses Enabling Open Access to Birkbeck’s Research Degree output The development and impact of campaigning journal- ism in Britain, 1840-1875 : the old new journalism? https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/40128/ Version: Full Version Citation: Score, Melissa Jean (2015) The development and impact of campaigning journalism in Britain, 1840-1875 : the old new journalism? [Thesis] (Unpublished) c 2020 The Author(s) All material available through ORBIT is protected by intellectual property law, including copy- right law. Any use made of the contents should comply with the relevant law. Deposit Guide Contact: email Birkbeck, University of London The Development and Impact of Campaigning Journalism in Britain, 1840–1875: The Old New Journalism? Melissa Jean Score Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy November 2014 2 Declaration I, Melissa Jean Score, declare that this thesis is all my own work. Signed declaration_________________________________________ Date_____________________ 3 Abstract This thesis examines the development of campaigning writing in newspapers and periodicals between 1840 and 1875 and its relationship to concepts of Old and New Journalism. Campaigning is often regarded as characteristic of the New Journalism of the fin de siècle, particularly in the form associated with W. T. Stead at the Pall Mall Gazette in the 1880s. New Journalism was persuasive, opinionated, and sensational. It displayed characteristics of the American mass-circulation press, including eye-catching headlines on newspaper front pages. The period covered by this thesis begins in 1840, with the Chartist Northern Star as the hub of a campaign on behalf of the leaders of the Newport rising of November 1839.
  • James Perry and the Morning Chronicle 179O—I821

    James Perry and the Morning Chronicle 179O—I821

    I JAMES PERRY AND THE MORNING CHRONICLE- 179O—I821 By l yon Asquith Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University of London 1973 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract 3 Preface 5 1. 1790-1794 6 2. 1795-1 805 75 3. 1806-1812 (i) ThB Ministry of the Talents 184 (ii) Reform, Radicalism and the War 1808-12 210 (iii) The Whigs arid the Morning Chronicle 269 4. Perry's Advertising Policy 314 Appendix A: Costs of Production 363 Appendix B: Advertising Profits 365 Appendix C: Government Advertisements 367 5. 1813-1821 368 Conclusion 459 Bibliography 467 3 A BSTRACT This thesis is a study of the career of James Perry, editor and proprietor of the Morning Chronicle, from 1790-1821. Based on an examination of the correspondence of whig and radical polit- icians, and of the files of the morning Chronicle, it illustrates the impact which Perry made on the world of politics and journalism. The main questions discussed are how Perry responded, as a Foxite journalist, to the chief political issues of the day; the extent to which the whigs attempted to influence his editorial policy and the degree to which he reconciled his independence with obedience to their wishes4 the difficulties he encountered as the spokesman of an often divided party; his considerable involvement, which was remarkable for a journalist, in party activity and in the social life of whig politicians; and his success as a newspaper proprietor concerned not only with political propaganda, but with conducting a paper which was distinguished for the quality of its miscellaneous features and for its profitability as a business enterprise.
  • ECL Style Guide August ‘07

    ECL Style Guide August ‘07

    1 ECL Style Guide August ‘07 Eighteenth-Century Life first adheres to the rules in this style guide. For issues not covered in the style guide, refer to the fifteenth edition of The Chicago Manual of Style (hereinafter, CMS17) for guidance. This is available online at https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/home.html Eighteenth-Century Life prefers to receive submissions by e-mail, either in Microsoft Word or in WordPerfect. If that is not possible, sending in 3 ½” disks is preferable to submitting mss. If mss. are submitted, please send three copies. ABBREVIATIONS Corporate, municipal, national, and supranational abbreviations and acronyms appear in full caps. Most initialisms (abbreviations pronounced as strings of letters) are preceded by the. Latin abbreviations, such as e.g. and i.e., are usually restricted to parenthetical text and set in Roman type, not italics, except for sic, which is italicized for visibility’s sake. Pace, Latin for “contrary to,” is italicized to avoid confusion with “pace.” We’ll allow e.g. and i.e. to appear in the text of the notes. According to Chicago Manual, if used in running text, abbreviations should be confined to parenthetical expressions. Personal initials have periods and are spaced. W. E. B. DuBois; C. D. Wright BYLINE AND AFFILIATION The author’s name and affiliation appear on the opening page of each article. No abbreviations are used within the affiliation. If more than one author appears, an ampersand separates the authors. James Smith University of Arizona John Abrams University of Florida & Maureen O’Brien University of Virginia AMPERSANDS The use of ampersands is limited to “The College of William & Mary” on the cover, on the title page, and in copyright slugs, and to separating multiple authors in the byline on article-opening pages.
  • Table 4. Hawaiian Newspaper Sources

    Table 4. Hawaiian Newspaper Sources

    OCS Study BOEM 2017-022 A ‘Ikena I Kai (Seaward Viewsheds): Inventory of Terrestrial Properties for Assessment of Marine Viewsheds on the Main Eight Hawaiian Islands U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Pacific OCS Region August 18, 2017 Cover image: Viewshed among the Hawaiian Islands. (Trisha Kehaulani Watson © 2014 All rights reserved) OCS Study BOEM 2017-022 Nā ‘Ikena I Kai (Seaward Viewsheds): Inventory of Terrestrial Properties for Assessment of Marine Viewsheds on the Eight Main Hawaiian Islands Authors T. Watson K. Ho‘omanawanui R. Thurman B. Thao K. Boyne Prepared under BOEM Interagency Agreement M13PG00018 By Honua Consulting 4348 Wai‘alae Avenue #254 Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96816 U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Pacific OCS Region August 18, 2016 DISCLAIMER This study was funded, in part, by the US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Environmental Studies Program, Washington, DC, through Interagency Agreement Number M13PG00018 with the US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of National Marine Sanctuaries. This report has been technically reviewed by the ONMS and the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) and has been approved for publication. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the opinions or policies of the US Government, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. REPORT AVAILABILITY To download a PDF file of this report, go to the US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Environmental Studies Program Information System website and search on OCS Study BOEM 2017-022.
  • Copyright at Common Law in 1774

    Copyright at Common Law in 1774

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by OpenCommons at University of Connecticut University of Connecticut OpenCommons@UConn Connecticut Law Review School of Law 2014 Copyright at Common Law in 1774 H. Tomas Gomez-Arostegui Follow this and additional works at: https://opencommons.uconn.edu/law_review Recommended Citation Gomez-Arostegui, H. Tomas, "Copyright at Common Law in 1774" (2014). Connecticut Law Review. 263. https://opencommons.uconn.edu/law_review/263 CONNECTICUT LAW REVIEW VOLUME 47 NOVEMBER 2014 NUMBER 1 Article Copyright at Common Law in 1774 H. TOMÁS GÓMEZ-AROSTEGUI As we approach Congress’s upcoming reexamination of copyright law, participants are amassing ammunition for the battle to come over the proper scope of copyright. One item that both sides have turned to is the original purpose of copyright, as reflected in a pair of cases decided in Great Britain in the late 18th century—the birthplace of Anglo-American copyright. The salient issue is whether copyright was a natural or customary right, protected at common law, or a privilege created solely by statute. These differing viewpoints set the default basis of the right. Whereas the former suggests the principal purpose was to protect authors, the latter indicates that copyright should principally benefit the public. The orthodox reading of these two cases is that copyright existed as a common-law right inherent in authors. In recent years, however, revisionist work has challenged that reading. Relying in part on the discrepancies of 18th-century law reporting, scholars have argued that the natural-rights and customary views were rejected.
  • Newspapersinmicroform.Pdf (4.978Mb)

    Newspapersinmicroform.Pdf (4.978Mb)

    ------~~--------~-- - 1 UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY REFERENCE DESK Newspapers in microform fourth edition Z co~piled by 1994 6945 Iqbal Wagle U57 1994 se REF DESK ------- ~--------------- 11 11 11 11 11 11· NEWSPAPERS IN MICROFORM\ III ! : 11 -­ 11 ~ • Microtext Library • University of Toronto Toronto, Canada ­ 1994 • • • •I' j 11 Introduction 11 It This is a revised list ofnewspapers in microform available in the Microtext Library and the Chen Yu Tung East Asian Library in the John P. Robarts Research Library. The titles are arranged alphabetically by country, then by province or state (if applicable) and by city. Two major collections of particular significance to this guide are 11 Early English Newspapers and Newspapers from the Russian Revolution Era. Unlike the majority of newspapers 11 listed here, none of the titles in either set can be accessed through the University of Toronto's online catalogue. Early English Newspapers is a collection of seventeenth and eighteenth century periodical literature. It 11 includes the British Library's Burney Collection of Early English Newspapers as well as the holdings of Oxford University's BodVean Library. Missing issues from these two collections, and some additional titles are supplied 11 from other important collections, such as the Yale University Library. The collection is an important source for contemporary history, literature, drama, and philosophy. In addition to newspapers, it includes broadsides, periodicals, and Charles Burney's manuscripts. Newspapers from the Russian Revolutionary Era is principally based on the holdings at Columbia University's Herbert Lehman Library. This collection covers almost every facet of the Revolution, and includes papers relating to the Revolution which were printed in other countries.
  • Hawaiian Mission Children Named After Ali'ì

    Hawaiian Mission Children Named After Ali'ì

    Hawaiian Mission Children Named After Ali‘ì “I was born in the ‘Old Mission House’ in Honolulu on the 5th day of July, 1831. When I was but a few hours old, ‘Kīna’u,’ the Premier, came into the bedroom with her crowd of ‘kahus,’ took me into her arms and said that she wanted to adopt me, as she had no girl of her own.” “My mother, in her weak state, was terribly agitated, knowing that the missionaries were unpopular and entirely dependent on the good-will of the natives, so feared the consequences of a denial. They sent for my father in haste, who took in the state of affairs at a glance.” “’We don’t give away our children,’ he said to Kīna’u. ‘But you are poor, I am rich, I give you much money,’ replied the Chiefess. ‘No, you can’t have her,’ my father answered firmly. Kīna’u tossed me angrily down on the bed and walked away, leaving my poor mother in a very anxious frame of mind.” (Wilder; Wight) “She accordingly went away in an angry and sullen mood, and was not heard from until the infant was being christened a few weeks later, when she again appeared, elbowed the father to one side, and exclaimed in the haughtiest of tones, ‘Call the little baby Kīna’u.’” “Fearing that a second refusal would result disastrously, the parents agreed, and the child was accordingly christened Elizabeth Kīna’u Judd.” (The Friend, May 1912) Kīna’u “seemed somewhat appeased after the (christening) ceremony, and, as I was the first white girl she had ever seen, deigned from that time on to show a great interest in me, either visiting me or having me visit her every day.” (Wright, Wight) Kīna’u, daughter of Kamehameha I, became a Christian in 1830.