SECURITY COUNCIL REPORT Monthly DEC 2010 1 December 2010 This report is available online and can beFORECAST viewed together with Update Reports on developments during the month at www.securitycouncilreport.org OVERVIEW FOR DECEMBER

The United States will hold the presidency n On developments in Afghanistan and CONTENTS OF THIS ISSUE of the Council in December. It is typically the latest Secretary-General’s report on Status Update since our the busiest month on the calendar due to a UNAMA, by the Special Representative, November Forecast ...... 2 high number of scheduled briefings and Staffan de Mistura; Sudan...... 4 mandate renewals and the usual desire to n By the Prosecutor of the International Afghanistan...... 7 wrap up all Council work before Christmas. Criminal Court, Luis Moreno-Ocampo, Iraq...... 8 on Sudan (followed by a private meeting); Conflict Prevention and An open debate is planned on the problem n On the last phase and termination of the Resolution in Africa...... 10 of sexual violence in conflict, with a briefing peacekeeping operation in Chad and the Women, Peace and Security: by the Secretary-General’s Special Repre- Sexual Violence in Conflict...... 11 Central African Republic, MINURCAT sentative Margot Wallström. Also expected Côte d’Ivoire ...... 13 (followed by consultations); is a high-level event on Iraq as well as a spe- Central African Republic ...... 14 n On UNMIN, by the head of Political cial youth event under discussion. Chad/CAR ...... 15 Affairs, B. Lynn Pascoe, following his trip Iran...... 17 Debates are also expected following the pre- to Nepal; Burundi...... 18 sentation of reports by the presidents and n On developments in and the Secretary- Cyprus...... 19 prosecutors of the International Criminal General’s report on Côte d’Ivoire, Golan Heights (UNDOF)...... 20 Liberia...... 21 Tribunals for Rwanda and the former Yugo- (followed by consultations); Counterterrorism...... 23 slavia and the briefing onAfghanistan . n On the developments in and the International Criminal Tribunals.... 24 Secretary-General’s report on the peace- In addition, several briefings are expected: West Africa (UNOWA)...... 26 keeping operation in Cyprus (in Security Council Subsidiary n By the chairs of the subsidiary bodies consultations); Bodies ...... 27 who are leaving the Council at the end of n On the UN office in the Central African Notable Dates...... 28 the year; >>page 2 Important Dates over the Horizon....28

Aide-Memoire

Important matters pending include: response, for consideration in taking appro- n UNAMI reports on human rights in Iraq, in n In resolution 1894 on protection of civilians, priate action. The Secretary-General has yet the past were produced every two to three the Council requested the Secretary-General to report such proposals to the Council. months. They have decreased in their fre- to develop guidance for UN operations and n Resolution 1904 stated in December 2009 quency and regularity. The last report, other relevant missions on protection report- that the expert groups assisting the released in July, covered the period from 1 ing for enhancing the Council’s monitoring three counterterrorism committees July to 31 December 2009. and oversight. There has been no report (the 1267 Committee on Al-Qaida and n The request in resolution 1460 on Children back to the Council on this. Taliban sanctions, the 1373 Committee or and Armed Conflict that all the Secretary- n In resolution 1888 on sexual violence as a CTC, and the 1540 Committee on weap- General’s reports to the Council on tactic of war, the Council requested the ons of mass destruction) should be country-specific situations include the pro- Secretary-General to devise urgently spe- co-located and asked the Secretary- tection of children is not yet implemented. In cific proposals on ways to ensure more General make the necessary 2009 protection of children had been incor- efficient monitoring and reporting in order to arrangements “as soon as possible.” This porated into only half of the relevant provide timely, objective, accurate and reli- request, reiterated in September (S/ country-specific reports. able information on gaps in the UN PRST/2010/19), is still outstanding. >>page 2

Security Council Report 825 Third Avenue, Suite 217, New York, NY 10022 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org 1 OVERVIEW FOR DECEMBER (continued) Republic, BINUCA (followed by consul- n the monthly briefing on the Middle East n Reconfiguration of the office in Burundi, tations); (followed by consultations). BINUB; n ICTR and ICTY responding to requests n On Iran sanctions by the chair of the Consultations are also expected to be from the Tribunals’ presidents for exten- 1737 committee; held on: n On BINUB, the UN office inBurundi (fol- sion of judges’ mandates and authorisation n Sudan sanctions; lowed by consultations); related to other technical issues; n The Development Fund for Iraq and its n The mandate of the peacekeeping force n On the operation in Iraq, UNAMI (in con- International Advisory Monitoring Board in Cyprus, or UNFICYP; sultations); (DFI/IAMB); n By the High-Level Coordinator on the n The mandate of UNDOF, the peace­ n Liberia sanctions; Iraq/Kuwait missing persons and keeping force in the Golan Heights; n UNDOF, the peacekeeping force in the n The renewal of sanctions on Liberia; property issues, Gennady Tarasov (in Golan Heights; and consultations); n The renewal of the mandate of CTED; n Renewing the mandate of the Ad Hoc n The renewal of UNOCI in Côte d’Ivoire; n A briefing on the UN Office in West Africa Working Group on Conflict Prevention n Arrangements for the DFI/IAMB in Iraq; (UNOWA) by its head, Said Djinnit; and Resolution in Africa. n Preparation for the referenda in Sudan and (in consultations); and Formal sessions are expected to adopt n Renewal of BINUCA, the office in the resolutions on: Central African Republic.

Aide-Memoire (continued) n The quarterly reports on ISAF in Afghani- April 2008. 21 November 2006 (S/2006/928) to update stan are running late. (The latest was n The Council has yet to address the the index to Council notes and statements circulated on 22 October covering the Secretary-General’s summary of the report on working methods. This has not been period from 1 May to 31 July 2010.) of the UN Board of Inquiry into incidents published. n The Secretary-General has not yet re-ener- involving UN facilities and personnel in n The mandate to the Secretary-General to gised his Advisory Committee on the Gaza between 27 December 2008 and 19 assist with the delineation of the interna- Prevention of Genocide (it has not met January 2009, submitted to it on 4 May 2009 tional borders of Lebanon, especially since 2008). (S/2009/250). Sheb’a Farms, in accordance with resolu- n A biennial report by the Secretary-General n The latest report of the Lebanon Indepen- tion 1701, continues to await completion. on small arms requested on 29 June 2007 dent Border Assessment Team, issued on n The 2005 World Summit requested that the in a presidential statement (S/PRST/2007/24) 25 August 2008, still awaits Council consid- Security Council consider reforms for the is yet to be produced for 2010. The last eration (S/2008/582). Military Staff Committee. This has yet to report on small arms was published in n The Council requested the Secretariat on be addressed.

Status Update since our November Forecast n Counterterrorism: On 3 November the Al- n Lebanon: On 5 November Council mem- Lebanon had initiated an investigation into Qaida and Taliban (1267) Sanctions bers were briefed in consultations by the incident. On 18 November Council Committee approved the addition of two Under-Secretary-General for Legal Affairs members were briefed in consultations by individuals associated with the Taliban to its Patricia O’Brien on the 27 October attack Michael Williams, the Special Coordinator consolidated list of individuals and entities against three staff members of the Special for Lebanon, on the Secretary-General’s lat- subject to its sanctions regime. Tribunal for Lebanon in Beirut. In remarks to est 1701 report (S/2010/565). Williams told n Conflict Prevention: Horizon Scanning: the press the UK ambassador, Sir Mark Lyall the Council that Israel had agreed in princi- On 4 November Under-Secretary-General Grant, in his capacity as the president of the ple to withdraw from northern Ghajar and for Political Affairs B. Lynn Pascoe briefed Council in November, said that O’Brien redeploy south of the Blue Line which would the Council in consultations during a “hori- recalled the Secretary-General’s 28 Octo- be an important step towards the full imple- zon scanning session”. Pascoe briefed the ber statement condemning the attack. mentation of resolution 1701. Williams also Council on emerging security issues in a Grant also said that Lebanese Prime Minis- highlighted for the Council recent political number of countries, both on and off the ter Saad Hariri had reaffirmed to the tensions in Lebanon and its possible effects Council’s agenda. Council members subse- Secretary-General Lebanon’s commitment on 1701’s implementation. quently engaged in discussions focusing on to the Tribunal. Ambassador Nawaf Salam n Guinea-Bissau: On 5 November Joseph the issues of concern and raised issues aris- of Lebanon reiterated his country’s commit- Mutaboba, head of the UN Integrated ing in other international security threatening ment to the rule of law and the safeguarding Peacebuilding Office (UNIOGBIS), briefed theatres for deliberation. of its national unity and announced that the Council on developments in the country

2 Security Council Report 825 Third Avenue, Suite 217, New York, NY 10022 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org Status Update since our November Forecast (continued)

and of the work of the UN Office (S/PV.6416). November, Council members discussed n Guinea: On 18 November the head of the On 23 November the Council extended the UN support for the AU Mission in Somalia. UN Office for West Africa (UNOWA), Said mandate of UNIOGBIS until 31 December They were briefed by the Secretary- Djinnit, briefed Council members in consul- 2011 (S/RES/1949). It urged members of General’s Special Representative for tations on the latest developments in the armed forces in Guinea-Bissau to: Somalia, Augustine Mahiga, and by Under- Guinea. In its remarks to the press after the respect constitutional order, civilian rule and Secretary-General for Field Support meeting, the Council president indicated oversight, as well as the rule of law and Susana Malcorra. that members had welcomed the high voter human rights; to refrain from any interfer- n Bosnia and Herzegovina: On 11 Novem- turnout for run-off in Guinea’s presidential ence in political issues; to guarantee the ber, the Council was briefed (S/PV.6421) by elections on 7 November, deplored the vio- security of the national institutions, as well High Representative for Bosnia and Herze- lence that erupted following the as the population in general; and to fully govina Valentin Inzko. While praising Bosnia announcement of the results of the run-off participate in the reform of the defense and and Herzegovina for the recent completion elections and took note of the provisional security sector. The Council called on the of general elections, he continued to urge results of the run-off elections announced government to conclude the investigations the country to put an end to internal dis- by the electoral commission. It appealed to into the political assassinations of March agreements and divisive rhetoric. On 18 all parties to use legal recourse to resolve and June 2009. (S/PV.6428) November, the Council adopted resolution their differences and respect the final deci- n Somalia: In a meeting on 9 November (S/ 1948, reauthorising the EU force for another sion to be announced by the country’s PV.6417) Under-Secretary-General for Polit- year (S/PV.6426). Supreme Court. ical Affairs B. Lynn Pascoe briefed the n Kosovo: On 12 November the head of n Myanmar: On 18 November Council mem- Council on the Secretary-General’s latest UNMIK, Lamberto Zannier, briefed the bers were briefed during consultations by report on piracy off the coast of Somalia Council on the latest developments in Vijay Nambiar, the Secretary-General’s Chef (S/2010/556). The executive director of the Kosovo (S/PV.6422). Zannier reported that de Cabinet and the Secretary-General’s UN Office of Drugs and Crime (UNODC), since the International Court of Justice’s Special Advisor on Myanmar on recent Yury Fedotov, gave a briefing on this agen- advisory opinion on Kosovo, the Kosovo developments in Myanmar, including the cy’s counter-piracy programme to assist authorities have been with UNMIK on the elections and release of Aung San Suu Kyi. countries in the region. On 23 November, facilitation of regional cooperation and the n Protection of Civilians: On 22 November, the Council adopted resolution 1950, administration of northern Mitrovica. He the Council held an open debate on protec- renewing for another 12 months the anti- highlighted the need for further dialogue, as tion of civilians in armed conflict (S/PV.6427) piracy provisions of resolution 1897 and called for by the General Assembly, and to discuss the Secretary-General’s latest reaffirming its interest “in the continued con- UNMIK’s cooperation with the EU to this report on this issue (S/2010/579). The sideration of all seven options for end. Following the briefing, Council mem- debate had more than fifty speakers and fea- prosecuting suspected pirates” presented bers reaffirmed the need for dialogue, yet tured briefings by Under-Secretary-General by the Secretary-General in a July report differed on whether Kosovo’s status should for Humanitarian Affairs Valerie Amos, (S/2010/394). There was no other Council be discussed therein. No action was taken Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping action in response to the AU request for by the Council. Operations Alain Le Roy and UN High Com- increased UN support for AMISOM pre- n Western Sahara: On 16 November, the missioner for Human Rights Navanethem sented to the Council on 21 October. Council was briefed in consultations by the Pillay, as well as the Director-General of the Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General International Committee of the Red Cross, On 29 November, the chair of the Eritrea/ Somalia Sanctions Committee, Mexican for Western Sahara Christopher Ross and Yves Daccord. In a presidential statement Ambassador Claude Heller, briefed Coun- the Department of Peacekeeping Opera- adopted at the end of the debate (S/ cil members in informal consultations on tions on the situation in Western Sahara. PRST/2010/25), the Council endorsed an the work of the Committee. (On 22 Novem- After the meeting, in remarks to the press, updated version of the aide-memoire first ber, the Committee was briefed by Under- the Council deplored the violence in early adopted in 2002 to facilitate consideration of Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs November, when Moroccan forces report- protection issues in country-specific situa- Valerie Amos on the latest report of the UN edly led a pre-dawn raid to break up the tions, mainly in terms of agreed Council Humanitarian Coordinator for Somalia on Sahrawi camp housing more than 12,000 language on protection issues, which the humanitarian access situation in the people outside the Western Sahara city of reflects developments since the last revision country, S/2010/580.) In a press statement Laayoune. The Council expressed condo- in January 2009. It welcomed progress after the meeting, the Council confirmed lences over the deaths and injuries—with made in ensuring effective implementation that the humanitarian exemption estab- media reports claiming between 11 to 20 of protection mandates in peacekeeping lished by resolution 1916 in regards to the people killed and more than 700 injured— operations, emphasised the importance of assets freeze provision of the Somalia and reaffirmed support for Ross and protection indicators in benchmarks to sanctions regime remained necessary MINURSO, urging all parties to demonstrate monitor implementation of such mandates (SC/10097). In informal consultations on 30 further political will. and reiterated its request to the Secretary- General for more detailed and systematic

Security Council Report 825 Third Avenue, Suite 217, New York, NY 10022 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org 3 Status Update since our November Forecast (continued)

reporting on protection of civilians in coun- forward with the rehabilitation and reintegra- Malcorra, Under-Secretary-General for Field try-specific situations. The Council also tion of conflict affected children. Support. Among the areas discussed were refined the legal obligations for states related n Middle East: On 23 November Under- how to write better mandates, the need for to operations of private military and security Secretary-General for Political Affairs B. balance between mandates and resources companies during armed conflict. Finally, Lynn Pascoe briefed the Council (S/ and peacebuilding tasks in mandates. the Council requested the Secretary- PV.6430). Pascoe said that a return to n DRC: On 29 November, the Council unani- General to submit his next report on the Israeli-Palestinian talks was crucial and that mously adopted resolution 1952, renewing protection of civilians by May 2012. the UN supports holding a Quartet meeting the DRC sanctions regime and requesting n Timor-Leste: On 22 November the Coun- towards that end. Pascoe called on Israel to the Secretary-General to extend the man- cil’s visit to Timor-Leste scheduled for the halt all illegal settlement construction and to date of the group of experts monitoring end of November was postponed when the fulfill its Roadmap obligations. He reiterated those sanctions, both till 30 November 2011 Japanese permanent representative, who the 21 September Quartet statement that (S/PV.6432). The resolution supports the was leading the visit, indicated that he was unilateral actions will not be recognised by recommendations contained in the group’s needed in New York for other business. the international community (SG/2162). At final report (S/2010/596) on due diligence n Children and Armed Conflict: A Security press time, it was unclear whether a US plan guidelines for importers, processing indus- Council Working Group delegation led by in which Israel would institute a ninety-day tries and consumers of Congolese mineral Mexico, the Chair of the Working Group, partial settlement moratorium in exchange products. The guidelines aim to mitigate the and made up of Council members from for a package of US incentives would be risk of exacerbating the conflict in the DRC Austria, France, Japan, Russia, the UK and accepted by the Israeli cabinet. On Gaza, by the direct or indirect support of illegal the US visited Nepal from 22 to 26 Novem- Pascoe said Israel’s adjustment to the Gaza armed groups, violators of sanctions and ber (SC/10090). The delegation met with blockade in June was welcome but had not networks and perpetrators of international government ministers, UN officials, UCPN yet been fully translated into practice. humanitarian law and human rights abuses, (Maoist) senior leaders, civil society n Peacekeeping: On 24 November Council including among the national armed forces. representatives and children, and obtained members were briefed during consultations n DPRK: On 29 November the chair of the commitments from the Government of by Alain Le Roy, the Under-Secretary- 1718 Committee on DPRK sanctions briefed Nepal and UCPN (Maoists) on moving General for Peacekeeping and Susana Council members.

referenda agreements. The presidency Sudan From 7 to 13 November, Mbeki mediated negotiations between the Government of (comprised of President Omar Al-Bashir, Expected Council Action Sudan and the Sudan People’s Liberation First Vice President Salva Kiir and Vice In December, the Council will be briefed by Movement (SPLM) on outstanding mat- President Ali Osman Taha) commenced the head of UN peacekeeping, Alain Le ters related to the implementation of the talks on Abyei on 27 November, with further Roy, on the progress of preparations for Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), talks scheduled for 2 December. the referenda to be held on 9 January in including Abyei, the north-south border, On 11 November, Sudan’s defence minis- southern Sudan and Abyei and the situa- popular consultations in the Blue Nile and ter and the southern minister responsible tion in Darfur. South Kordofan states and north-south for the Sudan People’s Liberation Army security arrangements. The negotiations (SPLA) held a joint press conference in The prosecutor of the International Criminal also considered post-referendum issues, which they said, “War is not an option for Court, Luis Moreno-Ocampo, is expected such as citizenship, debts, wealth-sharing us, and we are prepared to build trust to deliver his regular biannual briefing to the (involving both oil and water) and cur- between us to achieve a secure and stable Council regarding Sudan. rency. The parties agreed on a framework situation, regardless of the outcome of for resolving outstanding issues on 13 The chair of the Sudan Sanctions Commit- the referendum.” tee will present his ninety-day report to the November. However, the question of Abyei Council in closed consultations. was excluded. Registration for the southern Sudan refer- endum started on 15 November and was Both parties acknowledged that because of No specific outcome is expected. extended by an extra week to end on 8 the ongoing disagreement over composi- December. There was high turnout in the Key Recent Developments tion of the Abyei Referendum Commission ten southern states, with minor disruptions On 28 October the AU Peace and Security and who would be eligible to vote work on and delays related to weather and security Council extended the mandate of the AU that issue would need to continue on a dif- incidents in some locations. There has High-Level Implementation Panel, led by ferent track. It seems that an approach to been low turnout in the north, attributed to Thabo Mbeki, for a further 12 months. the Abyei problem could emerge as part of anxiety, as well as lack of information on a “grand bargain” in relation to other post- the process, timetable and locations for

4 Security Council Report 825 Third Avenue, Suite 217, New York, NY 10022 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org registration. A large number of southerners measures against any party whose living in the north returned south to regis- actions undermine peace in Darfur. ter. On 21 November the ruling National SECURITY COUNCIL REPORT The debate was followed by short closed Congress Party submitted a complaint to consultations in which Menkerios and Ibra- Monthly the Southern Sudan Referendum Commis- him Gambari, the head of the AU-UN Hybrid sion (SSRC) citing several “irregularities” it DEC 2010FORECAST Operation in Darfur (UNAMID), provided the had observed in the registration process. Council additional information (via video- The SSRC estimated 1.3 million voters reg- targeting members of the Justice and link) on the five areas of the north-south istered in the first week. Equality Movement (JEM), a key Darfur border in dispute and progress on sensitive rebel group. The SAF accused the SPLM of On 13 November the SSRC announced the negotiations to free kidnapped humanitar- providing assistance to JEM. symbols representing the choices in the ref- ian workers. erendum vote. Two clasped hands In the first week of November, the SAF The chairman of the US Senate Foreign represent unity, and a single hand purport- clashed several times in northern Darfur Relations Committee, John Kerry, visited edly waving goodbye represents separation. and northern Kordofan states with the JEM Sudan from 4 to 5 November. Kerry told and the Sudan Liberation Movement led by The UN panel to monitor the referendum, Khartoum the US would remove Sudan Abdul-Wahid Al-Nur (another Darfur rebel led by Benjamin Mkapa (former president from its list of states that sponsor terrorism group). On 8 November, JEM claimed to of Tanzania), visited Sudan from 14 to 22 by July 2011 if the Government of Sudan have shot down a SAF fighter jet in Northern November to observe the registration pro- fulfils its obligations under the CPA, includ- Kordofan. cess. The panel visited Khartoum, Juba, ing facilitating the southern Sudan Wau, Kadugli, Abyei and Wad Medani. referendum, reaching agreement on Abyei On 4 November a UNAMID peacekeeper and respecting the outcome of both pro- was shot and wounded by unknown On 11 November Council members con- cesses. The US added Sudan to its armed men while on guard duty at a water vened an informal meeting with four-country terror list (which also includes point in North Darfur, and three Latvian troop-contributing countries (TCCs) to the Cuba, Iran and Syria) in 1993. The designa- helicopter crew members working for the UN Mission in Sudan (UNMIS). The head of tion blocks US development assistance World Food Programme were kidnapped UNMIS, Haile Menkerios, and the UNMIS and defence exports and restricts a range in South Darfur. force commander informed TCCs (via of other financial dealings and trade. US video-link) that the UN was seeking agree- On 15 November, JEM representatives indi- Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said in her ment from Khartoum to add 2,000 troops to cated their conditions (including safe statement to the Council on 16 November UNMIS with no change to the tasks it per- passage to Doha for their leader) for a pos- that the US was prepared to end economic forms. TCCs were asked to consider if they sible return to the Doha peace talks. JEM sanctions if Sudan committed to a peaceful could increase their current troop numbers withdrew from the talks in May 2010. solution to the conflict in Darfur. (if Khartoum agrees). On 24 November the Sudan Sanctions UN Under-Secretary-General for Humani- On 16 November the UK foreign secretary, Committee received a private briefing from tarian Affairs and Emergency Relief William Hague, presided over a Council the Special Representative of the Secretary- Coordinator Valerie Amos visited Sudan debate on Sudan, attended at high-level by General on the issue of human rights and from 5 to 9 November to review humanitar- the US, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, transnational corporations and other busi- ian preparations in southern Sudan and Nigeria, Uganda, Japan and Brazil. The ness enterprises, John Ruggie. This was assess the causes of the lack of humanitar- Council heard briefings by the Secretary- the first official contact between Ruggie and ian access in Darfur. General, Mbeki, Sudanese Foreign Minister the Council. Ali Ahmed Karti, and the secretary general On 30 October, 13 Darfuri human rights On 11 June, the prosecutor of the Interna- of the SPLM, Pagan Amum. defenders and journalists were arrested in tional Criminal Court (ICC), Luis Khartoum, including a journalist working for In a presidential statement, the Council: Moreno-Ocampo, presented the Council Netherlands-based Radio Dabanga—one n expressed its readiness to act as neces- with a formal complaint from the court on of the few media outlets reporting on the sary in support of full implementation of the lack of cooperation by the Government Darfur conflict. On 4 November government the CPA by the parties; of Sudan to execute arrest warrants against agents raided the office of the daily newspa- n requested all parties to refrain from unilat- Ahmad Harun and Ali Kushayb. Moreno- per Al-Sahafa and arrested a journalist. eral action; Ocampo stated his intention to follow-up n underlined the importance of rapid prog- On 30 October, Sudan Armed Forces (SAF) Council action to address this lack of coop- ress on a way forward for Abyei’s and SPLA soldiers clashed on the border eration in his next briefing to the Council in referendum and resolution of critical between Sennar and Upper Nile states; one December. On 27 August the court formally post-referendum issues; SPLA officer was wounded. At least eight notified the Security Council about Bashir’s n stated its concern over delays in releas- civilians were injured on 13 November and travel to Chad and Kenya and the failure of ing funds to the SSRC; and six civilians on 24 November in northern both countries to fulfil their obligations and n expressed its willingness to consider Bahr el Ghazal state by aerial bombard- enforce the outstanding arrest warrants ments by SAF, which were reportedly against Bashir.

Security Council Report 825 Third Avenue, Suite 217, New York, NY 10022 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org 5 Key Issues southern Sudan referendum and a resolu- Other The key issue for the Council in December tion on Abyei, but there seem to be tactical • S/PRST/2010/24 (16 November 2010) is maintaining a proactive focus to rein- differences between Council members on was the presidential statement issued force the prospects for successful the specifics of the best approach at this at the high-level debate on Sudan. implementation of the CPA, including the time. The Council seems united on the dan- • SG/2165 (24 September 2010) was credible and peaceful conduct of the gers of either side of the CPA undermining the communiqué on the Sudan high- southern Sudan referendum, and suc- the referendum. level meeting. cessful negotiations on border China seems to be softening its approach demarcation, conduct of the popular con- toward the Council’s interaction with the Other Relevant Facts sultations and security arrangements. institutions of southern Sudan and agreed UNAMID: Joint AU-UN Special A related issue is reinforcing diplomatic that Pagan Amum should address the Representative for Darfur efforts to reach agreement on Abyei. Council on 16 November (despite protests Ibrahim Gambari (Nigeria) by Khartoum about Amum’s involvement). Underlying Issues UNAMID: Force Commander SAF and SPLA forces are in close proximity On ICC issues there are more substantive Lt.-Gen. Patrick Nyamvumba (Rwanda) differences within the Council particularly at several points on the prospective north- UNAMID: Size, Composition, Cost and south border, a fact which raises the overall on its approach to implementation of reso- Duration risk factors as tensions mount. lution 1593 between members that are • Maximum authorised strength: up to party to the Rome Statute establishing the 19,555 military personnel, 3,772 police Inter-tribal divisions in the south also con- ICC, including Austria, France, Mexico and and 19 formed police units (total tinue to persist in the face of weak security the UK, and those who have criticised the police 6,432) institutions and further contribute to the court’s indictment of Bashir. risk of manipulation and instability in • Main troop contributors: Nigeria, South Sudan. UN Documents Rwanda, Egypt and Ethiopia • Military strength as of 30 September The transformation of the SPLM from a Selected Security Council Resolutions 2010: 17,199 military personnel guerrilla movement to a ruling party remains • S/RES/1945 (14 October 2010) • Police Strength as of 30 September incomplete. Likewise, the transformation of renewed the mandate of the Darfur 2010: 4,769 police personnel the SPLA from disparate guerrilla forces Sanctions Panel of Experts for another • Annual Budget: $1.81 billion into a coherent professional army under year. • Duration: 31 July 2007 to present; civilian control will be a lengthy process. • S/RES/1935 (30 July 2010) renewed mandate expires 31 July 2011 UNAMID. Options UNMIS: Special Representative of the • S/RES/1919 (29 April 2010) renewed The Council could follow-up the meetings Secretary-General and Head of Mission UNMIS. convened in November with similar focused Haile Menkerios (South Africa) • S/RES/1593 (31 March 2005) referred events in December. Options for Council the situation in Darfur to the ICC. UNMIS: Force Commander decisions include an early statement: • S/RES/1591 (29 March 2005) and Maj.-Gen. Moses Bisong Obi (Nigeria) n urging the parties to resolve all outstand- S/RES/1556 (30 July 2004) imposed ing issues ahead of the referendum; UNMIS: Size, Composition, Cost and sanctions. Duration n welcoming recent efforts to resolve key issues; and Latest Secretary-General’s Reports • Maximum authorised strength: up to 10,000 military and 715 police n authorising a temporary increase in the • S/2010/543 (18 October 2010) was authorised troop level of UNMIS. on UNAMID. personnel • S/2010/528 (14 October 2010) was • Main troop contributors: India, Another option is a late month statement on UNMIS. Pakistan and Bangladesh reminding the parties of serious conse- • Military strength as of 15 September Selected Security Council Meeting quences if the CPA terms are not met. 2010: 9,948 military personnel Records • Police Strength as of 15 September Council Dynamics • S/PV.6425 (16 November 2010) was 2010: 634 police personnel The Council is expected to remain highly the high-level debate to discuss latest • Annual Budget: $938 million engaged with events in Sudan throughout developments in Sudan. • Duration: 24 March 2005 to present; December, as the US is both Council • S/PV.6401 (14 October 2010) was the mandate expires 30 April 2011 president and lead country on north- adoption of the resolution to renew the Sanctions Committee Chairman south issues. mandate of the Darfur Sanctions Panel of Experts. Thomas Mayr-Harting (Austria) The Council remains broadly united on the • S/PV.6336 (11 June 2010) was a brief- importance of the full implementation of the Joint AU-UN Chief Mediator ing by the prosecutor of the ICC on CPA through the peaceful conduct of the Djibril Yipènè Bassolé (Burkina Faso) progress of the Court’s work in Sudan.

6 Security Council Report 825 Third Avenue, Suite 217, New York, NY 10022 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org Afghanistan decision not to finalise certification of the results in Ghazni. The IEC has disallowed a Expected Council Action quarter of the votes as invalid and the ECC SECURITY COUNCIL REPORT In December the Council is expected to has disqualified 24 candidates, seven of Monthly receive the Secretary-General’s quarterly them current members of parliament, for DEC 2010 report on key developments in Afghanistan. alleged fraud. FORECAST At press time it was unclear if the Council The Joint Coordination and Monitoring would take up the report before the end of Key Issues Board, co-chaired by the UN and the 2010 or in early January. With UN Assistance Mission in Afghani- Afghan government, met on 15 Novem- stan’s (UNAMA) mandate coming up for Council members are likely to focus on the ber. It discussed the steps taken to renewal in March, a key issue is for the follow-up to the Kabul Conference, and the establish a framework for governance, Council to start discussing UNAMA’s priori- recent elections and the Lisbon NATO sum- security and development leading to ties for the coming year. mit. Some members may also want to greater Afghan responsibility and action discuss the benchmarks and implementa- plans for the Afghan government’s 22 A related issue is whether UNAMA needs tion of UNAMA’s mandate ahead of its National Priority Programmes. to realign its resources to support the expiry on 23 March. Afghan government’s priorities following The fourth Regional Cooperation Confer- the Kabul Conference. Key Recent Developments ence on Afghanistan was held in Istanbul At the NATO summit in Lisbon on 19 and 20 from 2 to 3 November. The meeting was A continuing key issue for the Council is the November, NATO leaders backed the strat- attended by 27 countries and 14 regional security situation. Some observers have egy to transfer leadership to Afghan forces and international organisations, institu- expressed concern that there could be a by 2014. Afghan President Hamid Karzai tions and bodies. Regional aspects of further escalation of violence as US troops and NATO’s Secretary-General Anders the objectives in the Kabul Conference begin to withdraw. Fogh Rasmussen also signed an agree- were discussed. Another key issue is the credibility of ment on NATO-Afghanistan partnership. In mid-November, Karzai criticised the US the elections. UN Secretary-General Ban Ki Moon wel- military’s use of special-operations night comed the decisions at the summit but also Also an issue is the role of the UN in the raids, suggesting that the US needed to stressed the need to be flexible and guided broader peace process and whether the reduce the visibility and intensity of its mili- by realities rather than schedules. Council should support more direct UN tary actions. Karzai’s statement raised involvement in inter-Afghan and regional There was a spike in violent attacks by the questions about possible differences reconciliation discussions. Taliban in October and November. Four sui- between Karzai and the US administration cide bombers attacked the UN compound on this issue. A related issue is what UNAMA can do to in western Herat on 22 October. Both the Human Rights-Related play a more active role in electoral reform. UN Secretary-General and International Developments Security Assistance Force (ISAF) strongly Options condemned the attack. On 13 November On 19 October, the working group of the The most likely option is for the Council to the Taliban attacked the main airport and a UN’s Human Rights Council (HRC) on hear de Mistura’s briefing but take no action foreign military base at Jalalabad in east the use of mercenaries welcomed as “a at this point. Afghanistan. On 14 November a suicide car step in the right direction” a recent A possible option is to initiate discussions at bomber attacked a convoy of Afghan and report by the US Senate’s armed-ser- the expert level on UNAMA’s mandate NATO-led troops outside Kabul. In early vices committee on US private security renewal. November, Taliban fighters raided a NATO contractors in Afghanistan. The chair of outpost in southeastern Afghanistan. the expert body urged stronger over- Also an option is a statement on the out- sight of US private security contractors come of the parliamentary elections if the On 15 November the Electoral Complaints in Afghanistan. The working group pre- final results are out by the time the Coun- Commission (ECC), which has two UN- sented a draft text for a new treaty on cil meets. appointed commissioners, completed the regulation of private military and verifying complaints. The Independent Council Dynamics security companies to the HRC during Elections Commission (IEC) certified Most members do not see any urgent need its September 2010 session. The HRC results from 33 of 34 provinces on 24 for formal Council action in December. After decided to establish an open-ended November. The final province to be certified a year during which there has been heavy intergovernmental group to consider is Ghazni where a deteriorating security international focus on Afghanistan, mem- developing an international framework situation led to many voters not being able bers appear to want to take a step back and on the regulation, monitoring and over- to cast their ballot. UN Special Representa- allow for a period of consolidation. Also, sight of the activities of private military tive Staffan de Mistura welcomed the Turkey, the lead country on Afghanistan, and security companies. certification and supported the IEC’s will be leaving the Council at the end of

Security Council Report 825 Third Avenue, Suite 217, New York, NY 10022 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org 7 December and this may be another factor ISAF Military Commander match ministry posts to political parties to why any action may only take place in based on the number of seats held in parlia- General David Petraeus (US) early 2011. ment, with Nouri al-Maliki to serve another Senior Civilian Representative term as prime minister and Ayad Allawi of Russia has become an increasingly active Ambassador Mark Sedwill (UK) the Iraqiya coalition heading a new national player on this issue, particularly on the council on strategic policies that has yet to issue of counter-narcotics. Other perma- ISAF: Size, Composition and Duration be created. nent members, such as the UK, the US and • Total strength (as of August 2010): France, are strongly supportive of UNAMA about 119,819 troops However, Ayad Allawi and members of his and de Mistura. • Contributors of military personnel: Iraqiya coalition walked out, reportedly after 47 NATO and non-NATO countries failing to secure a vote on several provi- Although the Council will lose two elected • Current top contributors: US, UK, sions pledged by Maliki as part of the members, Japan and Turkey, who have Germany, France, Italy and Canada agreement. While the walkout illustrated the played a key role on this issue, the 2011 • Duration: 20 December 2001 to remaining tensions in the Iraqi government, Council will include Germany, the third larg- present; mandate expires on 13 it was unclear whether the agreement on est troop-contributor to ISAF, and India, a October 2011 government formation would be affected. close neighbour. Both are expected to take Operation Enduring Freedom: Size, a keen interest in this issue. On 12 November the Council adopted a Composition and Duration presidential statement welcoming the Iraqi • Current strength: 33,000 (this is an UN Documents agreement to form a national partnership estimate as the troop numbers shift Selected Security Council Resolutions government. continually) • S/2010/1943 (13 October 2010) • Lead contributor: US On 25 November Talabani formally nomi- extended ISAF’s mandate until 13 • Duration: 7 October 2001 to present nated Maliki for a second term as prime October 2011. minister, after which Maliki has thirty days to • S/RES/1917 (22 March 2010) appoint ministers. extended UNAMA’s mandate until 23 March 2011. Iraq On 10 November UN Controller Jun • S/RES/1401 (28 March 2002) created Yamazaki briefed the Council on the DFI. Expected Council Action UNAMA. He said that while progress has been made At press time there were indications that the to enable Iraq to fully manage its own export Latest Secretary-General’s Report US (Council president in December) is revenues, further progress was required. In • S/2010/463 (14 September 2010) planning to convene a high-level meeting particular, he noted that the independent Other on Iraq in December. It remains to be seen interim audit for the first half of 2010 showed what the focus for such a meeting will be. • S/2010/548 (22 October 2010) was the that the installation of a comprehensive oil quarterly ISAF report from 1 May 2010 Council members should have before them metering system was behind schedule, with to 31 July 2010. the Secretary-General’s regular four- 51 percent of meters installed so far. He • S/PV 6394 (29 September 2010) monthly report on Iraq. In addition the also encouraged Iraq to address recom- was the September debate on Council will need to address the question of mendations made by the independent Afghanistan. funding for the activities of the high-level audit, including appointing an independent • SC/9992 (23 July 2010) was the coordinator on the Iraq and the Kuwait party to verify the technical implementation Council press statement on the Kabul missing persons issue, which expires at the of the plan. Conference. end of December. A progress report on the With regard to the immunities associated issue is expected during the month. Also, with the DFI that expire at the end of Decem- Other Relevant Facts the mandate for the Development Fund for ber, Yamazaki noted that Iraq has proposed Special Representative of the Secretary- Iraq (DFI) and related immunities also they be extended for another year and that General and UNAMA’s Head of Mission expires at the end of the year. Some action the Secretary-General had addressed the Staffan de Mistura (Sweden) with regard to the DFI is also likely during legal issues relating to the immunities in his the month. UNAMA: Size, Composition and Duration 1 April DFI report. In light of these issues, it remains for the Council to assess the Iraqi • Strength (as of 30 September): 345 Key Recent Developments proposal. (The 1 April report stated that international civilians, 1,526 local civil- Efforts to form the new government in Iraq “there is no legal basis on which to perpetu- ians, 14 military observers, 57 UN progressed on 11 November when the Iraqi ate the protected status of the fund once it volunteers parliament re-elected Jalal Talabani as becomes a fully nationally owned and con- • Duration: 28 March 2002 to present; president. The move was part of an agree- trolled fund”.) With regard to remaining mandate expires on 23 March 2011 ment among Iraq’s political parties which apparently also included a point system to outstanding letters of credit related to the oil-for-food programme, Yamazaki noted

8 Security Council Report 825 Third Avenue, Suite 217, New York, NY 10022 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org that Iraq was willing to pay 32 of the letters Human Rights-Related and that if the Secretariat does not receive Developments requisite documentation for the others, the SECURITY COUNCIL REPORT Council has the option of cancelling the On 26 October the UN High Commis- Monthly remaining letters of credit. This should be sioner for Human Rights, Navi Pillay, DEC 2010 subject to Iraq’s providing an indemnity for commented on the Wikileaks release of FORECAST all UN activities connected with the oil-for- information on torture and ill treatment of food programme. detainees by Iraqi forces. Pillay n extending the DFI and the related immu- expressed her concern that serious nities for another year, as requested by Abdul Basit Turky Saed, head of Iraq’s breaches of international human rights Iraq; Committee of Financial Experts, presented law had occurred in Iraq, including sum- n extending the DFI or immunities for a Iraq’s quarterly report to the Council. mary executions of a large number of shorter period, perhaps three months or Regarding potential foreign financial claims civilians and torture and ill treatment of six months; against Iraq, he said that despite efforts detainees. She stated that the US and n removing one or more measures made with foreign banks and international Iraqi authorities should take necessary imposed on Iraq in historical resolutions financial institutions, Iraq had been unable measures to investigate all allegations related to the regime of Saddam Hussein to secure guarantees to protect its assets at made in these reports and to bring to jus- as part of the action on the DFI (perhaps the level of protection provided by the DFI- tice those responsible for unlawful with relation to the oil-for-food pro- related immunities. In light of Iraq’s killings, summary executions, torture gramme); circumstances and the delay in forming a and other serious human rights abuses. n reasserting the ongoing importance of government, Iraq requested the extension She also called on Iraq to ratify the Con- resolving the issues of concern to Kuwait; of the DFI immunities for another year. He vention against Torture and its Optional and said Iraq also hoped the Council would Protocol and urged the Iraqi government n approving the continued financing of the consider setting a June 2011 deadline for to facilitate visits of the UN Assistance high-level coordinator. Iraq to accept further commercial creditor Mission for Iraq human rights teams to claims in order to address the issue of Council and Wider Dynamics monitor the human rights situation in unknown and unregistered claims. In addi- While Council members remain concerned detention facilities. On 4 November, Pil- tion, Iraq had continued contacts with the over the tortuous process of government lay strongly condemned attacks US Federal Reserve Board with regard to formation in Iraq, the recent agreement is targeting religious communities in Iraq establishing accounts for a successor seen as a positive step that may provide and urged the government to do more to mechanism and had taken steps to some increased stability and down the protect civilians in an effort to prevent a strengthen financial and administrative con- track open the way for appropriate action “deadly” upsurge in sectarian violence. trol of the DFI. on the DFI. Some Council members are She was speaking in the immediate open to some sort of extension of immuni- On 12 November the president of the Gov- aftermath of the deaths of many Chris- ties in order to provide additional support to erning Council of the UN Compensation tians and Shi’as in separate incidents. the Iraqi government in the near term. Oth- Commission (UNCC) reported to the Coun- Key Issues ers remain more sceptical and would like a cil on its 9-11 November meeting. The A key issue for the Council in December is stronger case to be made by Iraq on the Governing Council supported consulta- assessing progress made by Iraq to estab- necessity of continued financial protection. tions between Iraq and Kuwait resuming as lish a successor mechanism to the DFI, as soon as possible and stressed the impor- While Council members appear to hold dif- called for in resolution 1905. Another key tance of maintaining arrangements to ferent views on how much progress has issue is how much progress has been transfer 5 percent of Iraqi oil proceeds to the been achieved in resolving the issue of achieved with regard to resolving the ques- UNCC in a successor mechanism. An out- missing persons and property, none seem tion of missing Kuwaiti persons and standing balance of $21.7 billion of to advocate ending the activities of the high- property and whether the activities of the compensation remains to be paid to Kuwait. level coordinator at this time. It is hoped that high-level coordinator should be continued. more progress will be possible on the issue Violence in Iraq continued. On 10 Novem- Another issue is when Iraq will take the in the months following the formation of a ber the Council issued a press statement steps necessary for the lifting of restrictions new Iraqi government. condemning recent terrorist attacks tar- imposed by the Council in Saddam-era geting civilians, including Christian and It seems uncertain how much additional resolutions. A related issue is the overall Muslim places of worship, killing dozens progress with regard to resolving other out- security situation in Iraq. of people. (Recent attacks included a 31 standing Chapter VII issues (such as October attack on a Baghdad church and Options disarmament and Iraq/Kuwait issues) may a series of bombs in the capital on 2 and Options for the Council include: be possible. 10 November.) n allowing the DFI successor mechanism The US is the lead country on Iraq issues in to begin functioning on 1 January; general, and the UK is the lead on Iraq/ Kuwait issues.

Security Council Report 825 Third Avenue, Suite 217, New York, NY 10022 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org 9 UN Documents Conflict Prevention and Security Council (AUPSC) would be Resolution in Africa more useful with improved preparation Selected Security Council Resolutions and follow-up mechanisms; and • S/RES/1905 (21 December 2009) Expected Council Action n proposed that the Council consider using extended the arrangements for the The Council is expected to renew the man- the working group as an informal secre- DFI and the IAMB until 31 December date of the Ad Hoc Working Group on tariat for the joint meetings. 2010 and called on Iraq to develop an Conflict Prevention and Resolution in Africa, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Japan action plan and timeline for a post-DFI which expires on 31 December 2010. The and Nigeria noted this concept positively in mechanism in 2010. renewal is expected to take place by the their statements. However, the working • S/RES/1483 (22 May 2003) estab- close of the year following consultations group was not mentioned, in this or any lished sanctions against the previous among the Council—likely to be announced other capacity, in the presidential state- Iraqi government, created the DFI, in a presidential note. ment issued. provided immunity to Iraqi petroleum Key Recent Developments products and envisaged the termina- Key Issues By the end of 2010, the working group, tion of the oil-for-food programme. The immediate issue is whether to renew chaired by Uganda, will have held four • S/RES/1284 (17 December 1999) the mandate of the working group. A related meetings: appointed a high-level coordinator for issue is how to better utilise the working n Adoption of its programme of work and Iraq/Kuwait missing persons and group as a tool to improve the Council’s priorities. property. consideration of situations in Africa. n 20 July—closed consultations with the Selected Presidential Statement UN Department of Political Affairs (DPA) Options • S/PRST/2010/23 (12 November 2010) upon the creation of the UN Office in Cen- The Council could renew the mandate of welcomed the Iraqi agreement to form tral Africa. the working group: a national partnership government. n 16 August—an open interactive panel n without any change to its mandate; Selected Meeting Record discussion on the “role of conflict early n adding new elements to its mandate, per- • S/PV.6418 (10 November 2010) was warning and response mechanisms in haps related to the recommendations of the latest briefing on the DFI and the the prevention and resolution of conflicts the Secretary-General; or IAMB. in Africa,” with panellists from DPA, Inter- n flagging the potential of the working governmental Authority for Development group to decide to revisit its mandate in Selected Letters and Economic Community of West Afri- the future. • S/2010/567 (28 October 2010) trans- can States. mitted Iraq’s third quarterly report on n 2 December—an open interactive brief- Council Dynamics the DFI. ing on security sector reform. Uganda’s goals for the working group were • S/2010/378 (12 July 2010) informed to strengthen the working relationship the Secretariat that the Council had On 16 July, during the Nigeria presidency between the Council and the AU and its approved funding for the activities of the Council held an open debate on “opti- subregional organisations on the issues of the High-Level Coordinator for missing mising the use of preventive diplomacy conflict prevention and resolution and Kuwaiti persons and property. tools: prospects and challenges in Africa.” peacebuilding in Africa and to focus on how The presidential statement issued recog- Latest Secretary-General’s Reports better to support countries emerging from nised the value that the working group conflict to avoid relapse. Nigeria and Gabon • S/2010/606 (26 November 2010) was added to “the process of embedding pre- have been supportive of these goals and on UNAMI. ventive diplomacy practices into the UN’s interact frequently with Uganda on ways the • S/2010/563 (1 November 2010) was conflict management architecture.” (The working group can be used to advance on the DFI and the IAMB. concept note for the debate had asked conflict prevention priorities. • S/2010/300 (9 June 2010) was on Iraq/ participants to consider how best to Kuwait missing persons and property. mobilise the working group to launch a The wider membership of the Council is in Selected Press Statement concrete initiative, in partnership with key general supportive of the working group. Some express the view that the potential • SC/10081 (10 November 2010) was regional actors, to achieve optimal use of exists for it to do more. But there are also on recent terrorist attacks targeting preventive diplomacy tools in specific some sceptics. There was resistance within civilians in Iraq. pre-conflict situations.) the Council in October to endorsing a new On 22 October, the Council under the role for the working group in the context of Other Relevant Facts Uganda presidency held an open debate joint Council/AUPSC meetings. Secretary-General’s High-Level Coordi- on assistance to AU peacekeeping. The nator for Iraq/Kuwait Missing Persons Secretary-General’s report: In general it seems that Council members and Property n highlighted that annual exchanges are ready to continue the working group in Gennady Tarasov (Russia) between the Council and AU Peace and 2011 but it will be necessary to decide a

10 Security Council Report 825 Third Avenue, Suite 217, New York, NY 10022 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org new chair, as Uganda leaves the Council at Women, Peace and the end of 2010. Past practice has been to Security: Sexual Violence select an African member. Nigeria may in Conflict SECURITY COUNCIL REPORT seek this role, given its demonstrated inter- Monthly est in the issue of conflict prevention. South Expected Council Action DEC 2010 Africa chaired the working group in 2008 The Council is expected to hold an open FORECAST and may seek to return to that role. debate on sexual violence in conflict on 16 December. Special Representative of the n the identification of women’s protection UN Documents Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in advisers among gender advisers and Selected Security Council Resolution Conflict Margot Wallström will present the human rights protection units in relevant Secretary-General’s report on this issue peacekeeping operations. • S/RES/1625 (14 September 2005) was (due the first week in December). a declaration on the Security Council’s The General Assembly is currently negotiat- role in conflict prevention. The Secretary-General seems likely to rec- ing funding for Wallström’s office. It is Selected Presidential Statements ommend that the Council establish a understood the General Assembly advisory • S/PRST/2010/21 (22 October 2010) mechanism for the UN to monitor and committee on budget matters recom- was on assistance to AU peace­ report on sexual violence in conflict in situa- mended Wallström’s office be allocated keeping. tions on the Council’s agenda. (This could seven of the nine positions requested. be similar to the monitoring mechanism on • S/PRST/2010/14 (16 July 2010) From 30 July to 2 August, 200 to 400 armed children and armed conflict, initially focused requested the Secretary-General to men allegedly from a Hutu rebel group, on child soldiers and extended to sexual submit recommendations on how best Forces Démocratiques de Libération du violence against children in resolution 1882, to utilise preventive diplomacy tools Rwanda (FDLR), and the Mai Mai tribal mili- but the focus would be more limited, ie. within the UN system. tia raided some 13 villages in the eastern specifically concentrating on situations on Selected Letter Democratic Republic of the Congo’s (DRC) the Council agenda.) • S/2010/371 (9 July 2010) was the con- Walikale region and committed mass rape. cept note prepared by Nigeria for the For detailed analysis of the Council’s past Humanitarian sources reported 303 rape debate it chaired on conflict preven- dynamics and approach to sexual violence survivors were treated. Reports of these tion in Africa. in conflict within the broader issues of rapes reached the Council via the media on women, peace and security please see our 22 August. The Council sought briefings Selected Secretary-General’s Report Cross-Cutting Report on Women, Peace from Wallström and the Department • S/2010/514 (14 October 2010) was on and Security published in October 2010. of Peacekeeping Operations. Assistant support to AU peacekeeping opera- Secretary-General Atul Khare and a mem- Key Recent Developments tions authorised by the UN. ber of Wallström’s office traveled to the The Council has adopted two resolutions to Other scene. Khare briefed the Council on 7 Sep- deter the use of sexual violence as a weapon • S/PV.6409 (22 October 2010) was tember, outlining the UN’s understanding of war. In 2008 resolution 1820 identified the debate on support for AU peace- of what happened and a series of practical sexual violence as an impediment to inter- keeping. measures to improve the UN’s ability to pro- national peace and security when used or • S/PV.6360 (16 July 2010) was an open tect civilians from such attacks in the future commissioned as a tactic of war in order to debate on “optimising the use of pre- and apprehend those responsible. deliberately target civilian populations or as ventive diplomacy tools: prospects part of a widespread or systematic attack Wallström also eventually visited the DRC and challenges in Africa.” against civilian populations. In 2009 resolu- and briefed the Council on her visit on 14 • S/2009/650 (15 December 2009) was tion 1888 established a series of October. Wallström called upon the mem- the presidential note extending the mechanisms to implement resolution 1820 bers of the DRC Sanctions Committee to work of the working group until 31 and requested additional information from consider applying sanctions against FDLR December 2010. the Secretary-General to inform the Coun- commander “Lieutenant Colonel” Serafim. • S/2002/207 (1 March 2002) outlined cil’s approach (some of which is expected in Khare had mentioned in his briefing that the terms of reference and mandate the Secretary-General’s report). Serafim was present at the scene. Wall- for the working group. ström recounted recent arrests of several The mechanisms established by resolution FDLR and militia leaders on charges related Other Relevant Fact 1888 included: to sexual violence, including: n a special representative of the Secretary- Chair of the Working Group n FDLR Executive Secretary Callixte General on sexual violence in conflict to Ruhakana Rugunda (Uganda) since Mbarushimana (arrested under an ICC lead and coordinate the UN’s response January 2009 warrant in France on 11 October); (Wallström was appointed in February); n two FDLR leaders, Ignace Murwanashy- n a team of experts deployable to situa- aka and Straton Musoni (arrested earlier tions of particular concern to work with in the year in Germany); and host governments to strengthen rule of n a commander of the Mai Mai tribal militia, law; and

Security Council Report 825 Third Avenue, Suite 217, New York, NY 10022 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org 11 “Lieutenant Colonel” Sadoke Kokunda monitor and report on sexual violence in the conflicts diverts attention from other hei- Mayele (arrested by UN peacekeepers in context of children and armed conflict. This nous crimes, such as trafficking, targeted the DRC on 5 October). mechanism is still at an early stage, but it killings and maiming. underlines the inconsistency in the Coun- From 30 September to 10 October, a high- There seems to be little appetite in the cil’s approach to sexual violence in conflict, level panel convened by the UN High Council to create a separate working group in that under the 1882 mechanism the Commissioner for Human Rights to con- on sexual violence in conflict. Council’s attention ceases when victims sider the adequacy of reparations available turn 18. The Secretary-General’s new rec- There is possibly some fatigue in the Coun- to victims of sexual violence met survivors ommendations would rectify that anomaly. cil at the end of 2010, following the large in six towns in the DRC. The panel reported number of recent thematic debates and its preliminary findings in Kinshasa on 12 Options negotiations on women, peace and security October, concluding the needs of victims The Council could: and protection of civilians. That may sway were largely unmet. n set up a new, separate mechanism for some in the Council away from a detailed the UN system to monitor and report on In late October reports emerged that 100 to outcome in December in favour of a more sexual violence against persons over 18 600 Congolese women, men and children measured approach in 2011. Conversely, years in the situations on the Council’s in a group expelled from Angola had been these recent debates seem to have built agenda; raped, though it was unclear by whom. momentum within many of the delegations n adapt the monitoring and reporting Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian for the Council to address a number of the mechanism established in resolution Affairs Valerie Amos called for a prompt related issues the Secretary-General’s 1882 to take into account victims over the investigation by both national authorities. report is expected to highlight. age of 18; On 26 October the Council held a high-level n broaden the scope of the Special Repre- UN Documents meeting on the occasion of the tenth anni- sentative of the Secretary-General for Selected Security Council Resolutions versary of resolution 1325 (the resolution in Sexual Violence in Conflict to include sit- which the Council first recognised the dis- uations not on the Council’s agenda; or • S/RES/1888 (30 September 2009) proportionate impact of conflict on women n outline its intention to apply measures, established mechanisms for the UN to and girls). The Council issued a presidential including targeted sanctions, to isolate address sexual violence in conflict. statement in which it reiterated its demand perpetrators of sexual violence. • S/RES/1882 (4 August 2009) that all parties in armed conflicts immedi- expanded the criteria for the Secretary- A resolution would be an option if the rec- ately and completely cease all forms of General’s “list of shame” in his reports ommendations of the Secretary-General violence against women and girls, includ- on children and armed conflict were sufficiently detailed regarding a ing acts of sexual violence. beyond the recruitment of child sol- potential monitoring and reporting mecha- diers to include rape and other sexual On 22 November the Council held a nism for the Council to take action. violence against children. debate on protection of civilians, where it Otherwise, the Council could ask the • S/RES/1820 (19 June 2008) confirmed issued a presidential statement that Secretary-General for more detailed rec- the Council’s readiness to address expressed deep regret at the level of civil- ommendations in a presidential statement more systematically the use of sexual ian casualties in armed conflict, including and indicate possible paths to carry out violence in conflicts on its agenda. from sexual violence. other recommendations. • S/RES/1325 (31 October 2000) Key Issues Council Dynamics acknowledged conflict has a dispro- The key issue for the Council is whether to The US is the lead country on this issue and portionate impact on women and mandate a monitoring mechanism to is likely to take the lead in promoting a encouraged their increased participa- track and deter the use of systematic sex- robust approach by the Council, including tion and protection. ual violence in conflict situations on the the careful establishment of a monitoring Selected Presidential Statements Council agenda. and reporting mechanism that would not • S/PRST/2010/25 (22 November 2010) adversely impact the existing mechanism was on protection of civilians. A related issue is ensuring the Council on children and armed conflict. Other mem- • S/PRST/2010/22 (26 October 2010) has sufficient information on the causes bers, such as the UK, France, Austria, condemned all acts that violate inter- and impacts of targeted sexual violence in Mexico and Japan, have been consistent national law committed against different situations on its agenda, as well advocates of this issue in the Council and women and girls in situations of armed as well-researched information on the would likely support US efforts. conflict and post-conflict situations. likely perpetrators. Other members, including Russia and • S/PRST/2010/17 (17 September 2010) A further issue is how to integrate this issue China, believe that the issue of sexual vio- urged the DRC government to prose- into the Council’s ongoing work on protec- lence is adequately covered by the cute the perpetrators of the mass tion of civilians. protection aspects of the broader topic of rapes that occurred in eastern DRC in late July and August. A technical issue is that the Council has women, peace and security (in resolution already established a mechanism to 1325) and that singling out one crime in

12 Security Council Report 825 Third Avenue, Suite 217, New York, NY 10022 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org Selected Secretary-General’s Report closely monitor the situation, “in particu- lar the security conditions on the ground • S/2009/362 (15 July 2009) was the first and the efforts to successfully conclude Secretary-General’s report issued in SECURITY COUNCIL REPORT the electoral process.” response to resolution 1820. Monthly Selected Security Council Meetings On 12 November, Choi recognised the DEC 2010FORECAST results of the first round of elections as valid, • S/PV.6411 (26 October 2010) was a following the announcement of the provi- high-level debate held on the tenth The ongoing developments in the presiden- sional results by the IEC during the night of anniversary of resolution 1325. tial elections, security concerns and 3-4 November, and the proclamation of the • S/PV.6400 (14 October 2010) was a legislative elections slated for February final results by the Constitutional Council on briefing by Wallström on her Septem- 2011 highlight the fragility of the situation in 10 November. No presidential candidate ber visit to the DRC. the country. received a majority of votes in the first • S/PV.6378 (7 September 2010) was a round. Veteran opposition figure and for- A closely related issue will be for the Coun- briefing by Khare on his visit to the mer prime minister Alassane Ouattara led cil to determine how best to use its meeting DRC, following the mass rapes in the the first round and incumbent President on the Secretary-General’s report to con- Walikale area of Eastern DRC. Laurent Gbagbo came in second, thus sider, at least preliminarily, the future of qualifying to run in the second round of the UNOCI, and possibly give indications of this presidential elections. in UNOCI’s renewal mandate. Côte d’Ivoire On 23 November the Secretary-General Underlying Issues Expected Council Action submitted his latest report updating the The tense and fragile political and security In December the Council is expected to Council on the political and security situa- situations pose latent threats to stability in consider the Secretary-General’s report on tion in Côte d’Ivoire. He highlighted the the country, especially during this phase of Côte d’Ivoire. The mandate of the UN progress made and the challenges to the openly competitive contests. Critical tasks peacekeeping mission UNOCI expires on current and the longer term electoral pro- outlined in the Ouagadougou Agreements 31 December and in light of the ongoing cess (including the run-off and legislative remain unfulfilled, particularly the process gravity of the situation the Council is elections). The Secretary-General also rec- of disarming former combatants of the expected to renew it. The head of UNOCI, ommended an extension of UNOCI’s Forces Nouvelles. The dismantling of Choi Young-jin, will brief the Council. mandate “on the basis of an additional militias remains incomplete, and the gov- assessment of the evolving security situa- ernment has yet to attain effective control Key Recent Developments tion…following the completion of the throughout the country. On 3 November, Choi, the head of the UN electoral cycle.” The assessment will be Operation in Côte d’Ivoire (UNOCI), briefed Options included in a report to the Council in March the Council via video teleconference on the Options for the Council include: and will include proposals for the UN’s post electoral and security situations following n renewing the mandate of UNOCI without elections presence in the country. the first round of elections on 31 October. any significant changes for four months as He indicated that the voter turnout was over On 24 November the Council authorised proposed by the Secretary-General or for 80 percent and that no major human rights the temporary redeployment of a maximum the standard six months, while setting the violation had been recorded. of three infantry companies and an aviation stage for possible mandate modification unit comprised of two military utility helicop- down the line, such as by authorising a The Council subsequently issued a ters from the UN Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) technical assessment mission to evaluate statement: to UNOCI, to assist with security arrange- the situation in the country and make pro- n welcoming the holding of the presidential ments. (The Council’s action was in posals for the future direction of UNOCI ; election in Côte d’Ivoire on 31 October; response to a request on 22 November by n renewing the mandate of UNOCI with n commending the Ivorian people for their the Secretary-General for advance approval major changes, including fine-tuning the massive and peaceful participation in this of the redeployment of troops and aviation mandate by incorporating any relevant crucial vote and urging all stakeholders assets from UNMIL as a contingency recommendations by the Secretary- to continue to be fully committed to a security measure.) General regarding UNOCI’s future role; democratic, peaceful and transparent n beginning the process of Peacebuilding On 28 November run-off presidential elec- completion of the electoral process; Commission (PBC) engagement as a n tions were held in Côte d’Ivoire (but official stressing the critical role of the Indepen- proactive measure to facilitate enhanced results had not been announced at the time dent Electoral Commission (IEC) in peace consolidation; and announcing the provisional results of the of going to press). n actively implementing the penultimate vote quickly possible; Key Issues paragraph of its presidential statement of n welcoming the assistance of UNOCI in A key issue for the Council is renewing the 5 August 2009 (S/PRST/2009/24), in helping the IEC overcome logistical chal- mandate of UNOCI and how best to use the which it recognised the importance of lenges; and opportunity to adequately respond to the introducing peacebuilding elements in n expressing its resolve to continue to ongoing challenges in the political process. peacekeeping operations before transfer to the PBC.

Security Council Report 825 Third Avenue, Suite 217, New York, NY 10022 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org 13 Council Dynamics Representative to certify all stages of Central African Republic Council members agree on the need to the Ivorian electoral process. renew the mandate of UNOCI, given its con- Expected Council Action Selected Letters tinuing value in securing peace and In early December, the Council expects to providing crucial technical and logistical • S/2010/601 (22 November 2010) was receive the Secretary-General’s report on support to the Ivorian electoral commis- the request by the Secretary-General the UN Integrated Peace-building Office in sion, including the transportation of voting to the Council for approval of the rede- the Central African Republic (BINUCA). The materials and reports. ployment of troops and aviation assets Secretary-General’s Special Representa- from UNMIL to UNOCI. tive Sahle-Work Zewde is likely to brief the In light of political uncertainties and the • S/2010/493 (23 September 2010) was Council. The Council seems ready to renew fragile security situation, most Council from the Secretary-General informing BINUCA’s mandate, which expires on 31 members seem to prefer retaining the cur- the Council about the head of December 2010, without major changes. rent mandate of UNOCI and extending it for UNOCI’s certification of the Ivorian a few months before giving serious consid- electoral process. Council members are likely to focus atten- eration to modifying it. • S/2010/486 and S/2010/485 (17 Sep- tion on the upcoming elections in the tember 2010) was the exchange of Central African Republic (CAR) and the France is the lead country on this issue in role of BINUCA in the post MINURCAT the Council. letters between the Secretary-General and the Council on raising the level of environment. UN Documents authorised UNOCI military and police Key Recent Developments personnel leading up to the presiden- Selected Council Resolutions On 8 November, Zewde updated the tial election. informal meeting of the Peacebuilding • S/RES/1951 (24 November 2010) • S/2008/834 (30 December 2008) Commission’s country-specific configura- authorised the temporary deployment contained the fourth supplementary tion on CAR and said that BINUCA was of troops from UNMIL to UNOCI. agreement to the Ouagadougou focused on: • S/RES/1946 (15 October 2010) Agreement. n the ongoing preparations for the presi- renewed the sanctions and the man- • S/2007/144 (13 March 2007) con- dential and legislative elections; date of the group of experts until 30 tained the Ouagadougou Agreement. n the disarmament, demobilization and April 2011. Other reintegration (DDR) programme; and • S/RES/1942 (29 September 2010) n the consequences of the imminent authorised the deployment of 500 • SC/10076 (3 November 2010) was the departure of the UN Mission in the additional troops to UNOCI to help latest statement by the Council on the Central African Republic and Chad (MIN- with security during the election situation in Côte d’Ivoire. URCAT). period. • S/PV.6415 (3 November 2010) was • S/RES/1933 (30 June 2010) extended the briefing by Special Representative Concerning the elections, Zewde said that the mandate of UNOCI until 30 Choi to the Council on the situation in preparations continue to be slow due to December 2010. Côte d’Ivoire. political, logistical and financial chal- Selected Presidential Statements lenges. She noted that there were some Other Relevant Facts • S/PRST/2009/24 (5 August 2009) funding issues that the CAR electoral com- Special Representative of the Secretary- requested the Secretary-General to mission needed to resolve. As for DDR, General and Head of Mission provide in his reports on specific mis- results were mixed; six thousand former Choi Young-jin (Republic of Korea) sions an indication of progress combatants processed in the northwest towards achieving a coordinated UN Force Commander but little had been achieved in the north- east. Zewde also noted that with the approach in-country, and in particular Major.-General Abdul Hafiz (Bangladesh) departure of the MINURCAT peacekeep- on critical gaps to achieving peace- Chair of the Sanctions Committee building objectives alongside the ers, the challenges faced by the CAR Maria Luiza Ribeiro Viotti (Brazil) mission. armed forces were enormous. She called • S/PRST/2007/8 (28 March 2007) Police Commissioner for closer attention to DDR issues espe- cially removing military-grade weapons. endorsed the Ouagadougou Major-General Jean Marie Bourry Agreement. (France) On 20 October, Special Representative and Selected Secretary-General’s Reports Size and Composition of UNOCI Head of MINURCAT Youssef Mahmoud • S/2010/600 (23 November 2010) was Strength as of 30 August 2010: 7,186 told the Council that the security situation in the latest UNOCI report. troops, 189 military observers, 1,167 northeastern CAR was volatile and worri- • S/2010/537 (18 October 2010) was the police personnel, 393 international civil- some. He was concerned by attacks in Secretary-General’s mid-term report ian personnel, 759 local staff and 274 Birao by the Ugandan rebel group, the on UNOCI. UN volunteers. Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA). Given MIN- URCAT’s imminent withdrawal, Youssef • S/2008/250 (15 April 2008) contained Approved Budget the five-criteria for the Special urged the international community to do its 1 July 2010-30 June 2011: $485.1 million

14 Security Council Report 825 Third Avenue, Suite 217, New York, NY 10022 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org best to assist CAR to deploy additional date for this roundtable would be forces to Birao. finalised after considering various ongo- SECURITY COUNCIL REPORT On 30 July, after several delays, President ing processes, such as the country’s François Bozizé decreed that the presiden- new poverty reduction strategy and the Monthly tial and parliamentary election would be review of the PBC’s strategic framework DEC 2010 for peacebuilding. FORECAST held on 23 January 2011, with political cam- paigning to commence on 10 January. This arrangement was supported by opposition Grauls also said that the PBC is and asked that the elections take parties and former rebel groups, who expected to conduct the next mission place within the timeframe set by the agreed to abide by a code of conduct for visit to CAR in the first trimester of 2011. Constitution.” the elections. As part of the preparations, There were no visits scheduled for 2010. Latest Secretary-General’s Report The specific timing will be determined the Independent Electoral Commission • S/2010/295 (10 June 2010). (IEC) declared it was satisfied with the after consultations with CAR authorities PBC-Related Document results of the census, which was completed and BINUCA. • PBC/4/CAF/5 (11 February 2010) on 21 October. The IEC will next prepare Human Rights-Related the electoral rolls and update the voters’ list. contained the recommendations and Developments conclusions on the first biannual On 28 June, Zewde told the Council that the During a visit to CAR from 10 to 17 July, review of the Strategic Framework for peace process in CAR depended on the Representative of the Secretary-General Peacebuilding in CAR. DDR process, reintegrating former combat- on the Human Rights of Internally Dis- Council Meeting Record ants and successful elections. She stressed placed Persons, Walter Kaelin, noted • S/PV.6345 (28 June 2010) was the that international support for CAR was that the return and reintegration of inter- debate on the Secretary-General’s important to avoid a return to violence, as nally displaced persons whose rights report on the situation in CAR. the situation remained “precarious and have been violated are “crucial factors Other fraught with challenges and pitfalls.” After for a sustainable peace.” Kaelin also par- Zewde’s briefing, the Council adopted a ticipated in a workshop where CAR • SC/9963 (28 June 2010) was the press statement calling on all national government and other stakeholders press statement following the debate stakeholders to “move forward expedi- developed a vision for legislation on on CAR. tiously” to prepare and conduct free, fair, internal displacement. transparent and credible elections. The Council also expressed concern at the slow Key Issues pace of the implementation of the DDR pro- A key issue is the elections in January 2011 Chad/CAR cess and strongly condemned the attacks and whether they will be free and fair. Suc- Expected Council Action by the LRA. cess can boost confidence and create The Council expects to receive a report momentum for further international support Developments in the Peacebuild- from the Secretary-General on the situation for peacebuilding in CAR. ing Commission (PBC) in Chad and the Central African Republic. A second key issue is the security situation As requested by resolution 1923, the report On 20 September, the PBC’s CAR con- post MINURCAT, including whether there is likely to include an assessment of lessons figuration and the World Bank (WB) are likely to be any logistical gaps for learned in the context of MINURCAT which organised a high-level event at the side- BINUCA without MINURCAT’s presence. finally expires on 31 December. The Secretary- lines of the Millennium Development General’s Special Representative and head Goals summit in New York. It was an Council Dynamics of MINURCAT, Youssef Mahmoud, is also opportunity for the UN to place the inter- There continues to be general consensus likely to brief the Council in December. national spotlight on CAR and to help among Council members on the need to generate momentum for a prospective encourage CAR to complete the elections Additionally, the Council’s informal expert donor’s conference in 2011. Ambassador successfully. Council members remain group on protection of civilians is expected Jan Grauls, chair of the CAR configura- supportive of ongoing peacebuilding efforts to meet in December to discuss the termi- tion of the PBC, said that the “unique in CAR. nation of MINURCAT. collaboration” between the World Bank Key Recent Developments and the PBC was an indication of the two UN Documents On 15 October the UN Mission in the institutions’ “genuine willingness to work Selected Presidential Statement Central African Republic and Chad (MIN- together in support of CAR’s efforts in • S/PRST/2009/35 (21 December 2009) URCAT) ceased all military operations and achieving peace and development.” welcomed the establishment of began the final phase of withdrawal. By 31 On 8 November, Grauls indicated that a BINUCA, called for all political stake- December, all military and civilian person- donor’s roundtable could be organised holders to “ensure free, fair, nel will have been withdrawn, though in the first half of 2011 after the success- transparent and credible preparation MINURCAT will leave behind campsites in ful conclusion of elections in CAR. The and conduct of the 2010 elections,” both countries.

Security Council Report 825 Third Avenue, Suite 217, New York, NY 10022 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org 15 The situation in Chad has been relatively Representatives from CAR, the Democratic The Chad government had acknowl- calm and there has been a significant Republic of the Congo (DRC), South Sudan edged the current limited capacities of decline in incidents of banditry. Greater and Uganda met in Bangui under AU aus- the Ministry of Human Rights and Promo- vigilance by Chadian security authorities, pices on 13 and 14 October to find a regional tion of Liberties and national and regional improved relations between N’Djamena solution to the LRA threat. The participants institutions. It expressed its commitment and Khartoum and the activities of the joint agreed to increase military cooperation to the protection and promotion of Chad-Sudan border monitoring force have between their armies through information human rights at national and local levels been credited with this improved security exchange, joint border patrols and a mixed and its readiness to continue to engage situation. An exceptionally intense rainy military brigade pursuing LRA groups. with OHCHR. season has probably also been a factor Reports in late September indicated that considerably reducing travel along roads Key Issues CAR and Sudan had signed a military pro- where banditry commonly occurs. The The key issue for the Council is the effect of tocol to form a joint border force, which security situation may become more chal- the withdrawal of MINURCAT on security in would be similar to the current Chad-Sudan lenging in the upcoming dry season. the two countries. border patrol. Since the establishment of In early October, Chad submitted a revised the Chad-Sudan force, rebel activity has A related issue is the sustainability of the version of its sustainability plan for the declined along that border, but has DIS after MINURCAT’s withdrawal, particu- Détachement intégré de sécurité (DIS) out- increased along the border with CAR. larly considering the financial and logistical lining the financial and logistical needs to challenges confronting the force. CAR’s upcoming first round elections are support the force after MINURCAT’s with- expected to take place in January 2011 as A further issue is how best to support CAR’s drawal. Chad is currently seeking donors scheduled, despite reports in late October capacity to assume protection responsibili- to assist in financing the DIS and has initi- of rebel groups attempting to obstruct vote ties and ensure security in the northeast ated discussions with the UN High preparations. Also in late October, the Euro- after MINURCAT withdraws. Commissioner for Refugees and the UN pean Commission pledged $15 million to Development Programme on a successor Options help fund presidential and parliamentary arrangement to the trust fund for the DIS, One option for the Council is to take no for- elections in CAR. which was established by the Secretary- mal action in December. General in 2007 to help Chad and CAR The trial of Jean-Pierre Bemba, former vice Another option would be for the Council to build the law and order capacity needed to president of the DRC, began on 22 Novem- issue a statement confirming its ongoing ensure security for displaced persons. ber before the International Criminal Court. intention to follow the security situation in Bemba, leader of the Movement for the Lib- By contrast, the situation in northeastern Chad and CAR. Such a statement might: eration of Congo (MLC), is charged with CAR continues to be volatile and con- n welcome Chad’s efforts in providing two counts of war crimes and three counts cerns remain as to how CAR will be able to security to civilians and humanitarian of crimes against humanity relating to atroc- fill the security vacuum left by MINUR- workers, which has led to a more secure ities allegedly committed by the MLC in CAT’s departure. environment; CAR from October 2002 and March 2003. n note the ongoing risks to the security situ- The Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) contin- Human Rights-Related ation in Chad and the importance of ues to compromise security, particularly in Developments giving high priority to protection of civil- Birao in northeastern CAR. On 10 October, ians and displaced persons and the some forty to fifty individuals affiliated with In his 14 October report on MINURCAT intention to follow developments closely; the LRA attacked Birao, pillaging the village the Secretary-General informed the n urge potential donors to support the and kidnapping 19 people. Council that in preparation for the financial and logistical aspects of the DIS assumption of human rights responsibili- On 16 November, it was reported that to ensure that it maintains its capacity; ties by national counterparts, MINURCAT insecurity and logistical difficulties have n express concern about the ongoing had conducted 35 field visits during the prompted the UN Refugee Agency to relo- security situation in northeastern CAR; reporting period to refugee camps, cate some 2,500 Sudanese refugees from a n urge bilateral partners to support the situ- camps for internally displaced persons, camp in northeastern CAR to a new camp in ation in CAR by offering operational towns and villages, as well as 16 monitor- the south-central part of the country. assistance to the armed forces of CAR; ing visits to detention facilities in eastern n encourage greater involvement of the On 26 November, the CAR government Chad. The visits had provided opportuni- Economic Community of Central African announced that the town of Birao had been ties for local officials and human rights States; and retaken by its forces after being captured by organisations to acquire practical knowl- n request the Peacebuilding Commission members of the Convention of Patriots for edge of national counterparts, introduce to engage urgently with regional, bilateral Justice and Peace (CPJP) two days earlier. them to monitoring tools and mentor and multilateral partners to determine However, a CPJP spokesman told report- them on advocacy for human rights. The their realistic capacity to provide assis- ers that it continues to hold the town, Office of the UN High Commissioner for tance in post-drawdown security despite reports to the contrary. Human Rights (OHCHR) had also under- arrangements and advise the Council on taken an assessment mission to Chad. the matter.

16 Security Council Report 825 Third Avenue, Suite 217, New York, NY 10022 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org Council Dynamics • Strength as of 30 August 2010: 2,315 Due to MINURCAT’s imminent withdrawal, total uniformed personnel, including there are no longer any pronounced divi- 2,139 troops, 22 military observers, SECURITY COUNCIL REPORT sions among Council members on the and 154 police officers, as well as 409 Monthly issue. Council members maintain a strong international civilian personnel, 597 DEC 2010 interest in conducting MINURCAT’s with- local civilian staff, and 149 UN volun- FORECAST drawal in a manner conducive to teers (Statistics for international and establishing long-term stability in both local civilians are as of 30 June 2010) Human Rights-Related countries. While being generally optimistic • Cost: approved budget 1 July 2010– Developments about eastern Chad, Council members 31 December 2010: $215 million appear less confident in the security situa- (A/C.5/64/19) On 18 November the General Assem- tion in northeastern CAR. • Duration: September 2007 to present; bly’s Third Committee passed a mandate expires 31 December 2010 resolution expressing deep concern at France is the lead country on this issue. serious ongoing and recurring human rights violations in Iran, and called on the UN Documents government to address concerns high- Selected Security Council resolutions Iran lighted in the recent report of the • S/RES/1923 (25 May 2010) renewed Secretary-General (A/65/370). Expected Council Action MINURCAT’s mandate until 31 A quarterly briefing from the chair of the December 2010, authorising gradual Key Issues 1737 Sanctions Committee on Iran is reduction of its strength. A key issue is whether the measures imposed expected in December. An IAEA report on • S/RES/1922 (12 May 2010) rolled over by the Council are having any effect. Iran’s compliance with Council resolutions MINURCAT’s mandate to 26 May is also expected. No Council action seemed Council and Broader Dynamics 2010. likely at time of writing. In light of the recommencement of talks in • S/RES/1913 (12 March 2010) rolled Geneva in December it seems that Council over MINURCAT’s mandate to 15 May Key Recent Developments members will be content with simply receiv- 2010. On 30 November a spokesman for EU for- ing the sanctions committee briefing. On • S/RES/1861 (14 January 2009) eign affairs head Catherine Ashton said the other hand if the talks do not proceed renewed MINURCAT’s mandate until talks had been agreed in Geneva for 6-7 constructively, given the US presidency of 15 March 2010 and authorised the December with Iranian nuclear negotiator the Council in December, moves to initiate deployment of a military component to Saeed Jalili. It seems likely that representa- Council discussion may occur. replace EUFOR. tives from the E3+3 (China, France, • S/RES/1778 (25 September 2007) Germany, Russia, the UK and the US) will Most Council members seem to view the established MINURCAT and autho- also attend. The agreement to hold the recent appointment of the panel of experts rised EUFOR. meeting came after discussions in recent favourably, though obtaining agreement on its membership apparently required more Latest Secretary-General’s Report weeks about the focus and location of future talks. time than some had originally foreseen. It is • S/2010/529 (14 October 2010) hoped that the panel will now be able to Other On 15 November, Nigerian Foreign Minister provide practical support to the committee, • S/PV.6406 (20 October 2010) was Odein Ajumogobia told reporters that Nige- particularly with assisting the monitoring of the most recent briefing by Youssef ria had reported a possible sanctions the implementation of sanctions measures. Mahmoud. violation to the committee. The shipment in For example, resolution 1929 called on • S/2010/536 (15 October 2010) was a question apparently originated in Iran and states to report to the committee within sixty letter from Chad transmitting the allegedly contains proscribed weapons. days on the steps they had taken to imple- updated plan for the sustainment of On 5 November the Secretary-General noti- ment its provisions, and some hope the the DIS as requested by resolution fied the Council that after consulting with panel will be of help as the committee con- 1923. the Iran sanctions committee, he had tinues to receive and assess these country appointed the panel of experts requested in reports. (Only 36 reports had been received Other Relevant Facts resolution 1929, approved in June. The at the time of the 15 September sanctions committee briefing.) Special Representative of the resolution established the panel for a period Secretary-General of one year, and it is meant to assist the Regarding Nigeria’s recent communication Youssef Mahmoud (Tunisia) committee in carrying out its work. The about a possible sanctions violation, it MINURCAT panel consists of eight members: from seems that little information has been com- China, France, Germany, Japan, Nigeria, • Authorised strength as of 25 May 2010: municated to the committee at this point. Russia, the UK and the US. An interim report 300 police, 25 military liaison officers, Nigeria is apparently continuing its investi- is due from the panel to the Council ninety 2,200 military personnel and an appro- gation of the matter, and committee days after its appointment. priate number of civilian personnel members expect that this process will take some time to complete.

Security Council Report 825 Third Avenue, Suite 217, New York, NY 10022 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org 17 working with partners to support the UN Documents n the assessment of the situation, cur- orderly and non-partisan management of rent challenges and prospects; Selected Council Resolutions any disputes. After the meeting, the n the peacebuilding agenda as a prior- Council issued a press statement that • S/RES/1929 (9 June 2010) imposed a ity; and, commended the National Independent fourth round of sanctions against Iran n the new poverty-reduction strategy Electoral Commission, the Burundian and requested the Secretary-General paper, which could be used as the authorities, political parties and civil soci- to establish a panel of experts to assist basis for a possible joint donor ety on their efforts to ensure a successful the sanctions committee. conference. process for the elections. • S/RES/1737 (23 December 2006) In its latest work plan, the PBC-Burundi banned trade with Iran of certain items On 23 June, the Council issued a press configuration is expected to focus on related to nuclear activities and statement that called on all political stake- three tasks until February 2011: weapon delivery systems, imposed an holders to participate fully in the elections n discussions with Burundi on the role asset freeze on certain persons and and to respect the results of the polls. of the UN after December 2010; entities and established a sanctions n a review of the Strategic Framework committee. On 28 June, President Pierre Nkurunziza for Peacebuilding; and • S/RES/1696 (31 July 2006) demanded was re-elected unopposed after opposition n the national planning process for the that Iran suspend all enrichment- candidates boycotted the presidential elec- new poverty-reduction strategy paper. related and reprocessing activities, tions because of allegations of fraud in local including research and development, elections; EU observers have reportedly Seger is expected to visit Burundi in Jan- to be verified by the IAEA. said that the elections met international uary 2011 to participate in the final round Selected Meeting Record norms. Agathon Rwasa, a former rebel and of discussions on the Fifth Review of the opposition leader who boycotted the elec- Strategic Framework for Peacebuilding. • S/PV.6384 (15 September 2010) was tions, then went into hiding and is now the most recent briefing by the chair of apparently rearming his rebel group, the the 1737 Committee. Human Rights-Related National Liberation Forces, in neighbouring Developments Latest IAEA Report Democratic Republic of the Congo. • GOV/2010/46 (6 September 2010) On 1 October, the UN Committee on the On 3 November, Burundi’s foreign minister, Selected Other Document Rights of the Child adopted its final Augustin Nsanze, briefed the informal observations and recommendations on • A/65/370 (15 September 2010) was a meeting of the Peacebuilding Commis- Burundi’s report presented under the report by the Secretary-General on the sion’s (PBC) country-specific configuration Convention on the Rights of the Child. human rights situation in Iran. on Burundi. He said the new government The committee welcomed Burundi’s assessed the security situation to be good Other Relevant Facts adoption in 2009 of a new penal code and was “confident” that remaining security that raised the minimum age of criminal Sanctions Committee Chairman problems would be resolved in a “short responsibility from 13 to 15 years and Tsuneo Nishida (Japan) time.” Nsanze also said that the govern- increased penalties for cruel, inhumane ment prefers that BINUB not continue and and degrading treatment of children. that it was looking towards a new relation- The committee was concerned, how- ship with the UN, shifting from “monitoring ever, at the large number of child Burundi and reporting” to “consultation and coop- refugees and internally displaced per- eration.” Nsanze said that Burundi was no Expected Council Action sons, as well as child labour, which it longer in a “continuing transition.” It was In December, the Council is expecting a found was widely practiced in Burundi. now ready for a “normal development part- briefing on Burundi and will consider the The committee strongly recommended nership” with the UN. The government report of the Secretary-General on BINUB. that high priority be given to enabling the hoped that BINUB would be replaced by a BINUB’s mandate expires on 31 December. new Ministry of National Solidarity, light structure of 55 to 80 UN staff, including Human Rights and Gender to adopt a Council members are likely to discuss the locally recruited staff. Nsanze said that national policy for children. future role of the UN in Burundi. A smaller- Burundi continues to see a role for the PBC. sized political mission is expected to Fatsah Ouguergouz, UN independent Developments in the replace BINUB to reflect a more forward- expert on the situation of human rights in Peacebuilding Commission looking relationship between the UN and Burundi, conducted his first visit to Burundi, especially after the elections. On 6 October, Swiss Ambassador Paul Burundi from 8 to 17 November. Seger, as PBC chair of the Burundi con- Key Recent Developments figuration, met with the World Bank and Key Issues On 10 May, the head of the UN Integrated the International Monetary Fund to A key issue is designing a new role for the Office in Burundi (BINUB), Charles Petrie, establish contact with Burundi-related UN in Burundi in light of the evolving situa- briefed the Council and expressed opti- officials and to discuss peacebuilding tion in the country. mism about preparations for the elections issues. They focused on: in Burundi. He said that BINUB was

18 Security Council Report 825 Third Avenue, Suite 217, New York, NY 10022 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org A related issue is the mandate of the politi- mal consultations. A Secretary-General’s cal mission that will succeed BINUB. report on UNFICYP is due on 1 December. SECURITY COUNCIL REPORT Council Dynamics Key Recent Developments There is a general consensus among Coun- The UN-facilitated reunification talks Monthly cil members about the need to listen to the between Turkish Cypriot leader Dervi DEC 2010FORECAST views of Burundi and review the mandate of Erolu and Greek Cypriot president Deme- BINUB accordingly. tris Christofias recently reached an impasse On 30 November, the Secretary-General’s over the property issue, which is consid- Some Council members have highlighted Special Adviser on Cyprus, Alexander ered one of the most difficult of the items the fact that BINUB’s approved strength of Downer, briefed Council members in infor- under discussion. (The talks have focused 450 personnel is several times more than mal consultations on the 24 November on this issue since they resumed in May other peacebuilding missions and have good offices report. The report concludes after Erolu’s election. The other issues on suggested a need to reduce the number in that progress in the talks has been “frustrat- the agenda are governance and power the new mandate. A likely figure is a head- ingly slow” and that a “critical window of sharing; EU matters; economic matters; ter- count of fewer than 100. opportunity is rapidly closing” and calls for ritory; and security arrangements and the two leaders to come fully prepared to guarantees. On the first three of these, there Some Council members have suggested the January meeting to overcome remain- appears to be some convergence.) that while reviewing the mandate, some ing differences. Among its consideration should be given to avoid The property issue arises from numerous recommendations, the Secretary-General duplication with the new UN Office for Cen- complex claims relating to private property expressed his intention to conduct an tral Africa, which will be established in abandoned because of the conflict between assessment of the UN presence in Cyprus Gabon in January 2011. the two communities. As much as 80 per- with a view to propose adjustments based on developments in the talks. UN Documents cent of the property in the north was owned by Greek Cypriots who now live in the Key Issues Selected Security Council Resolutions south. Greek Cypriots insist that the original A key issue for the Council is whether to be • S/RES/1902 (17 December 2009) owners should be able to reclaim the prop- proactive in encouraging further progress extended the mandate of BINUB until erty left behind, whereas Turkish Cypriots in the reunification talks at the time of 31 December 2010. argue that the current occupiers should be UNFICYP’s mandate renewal. • S/RES/1719 (25 October 2006) estab- able to keep the property and that the origi- lished BINUB. nal owners should instead receive A related issue is whether it is appropriate at Latest Security Council Presidential compensation. this time to signal the beginning of an exit Statement strategy for UNFICYP. A Greek Cypriot proposal to link the prop- • S/PRST/2008/10 (24 April 2008) erty issue with the issues of territorial Options Latest Secretary-General’s Report adjustment and open the port of Fama- One option for the Council is to adopt a • S/2009/611 (30 November 2009) gusta to external trade under EU supervision resolution with no substantive changes. has reportedly been rejected by the Turkish Other Another option is to include language in Cypriot side. • SC/9959 (23 June 2010) was a press the resolution seeking to encourage the statement on Burundi. On 18 November, the Secretary-General parties to reach a settlement, emphasising • SC/9921 (10 May 2010) was a press held a tripartite meeting in New York with that the process cannot be indefinite, per- statement on Burundi. Christofias and Erolu to bring new haps signalling the need for benchmarks • S/2009/445 (3 September 2009) was a momentum to the process. At a press con- and extending UNFICYP’s mandate for a letter from the Secretary-General to ference following the meeting, the more limited period and expressing sup- the president of the Council on the Secretary-General said both leaders port for an assessment of the UN presence findings of the electoral needs assess- recognised the need to “move more quickly in Cyprus as recommended by the Secre- ment mission that visited Burundi. and decisively” to reach a settlement and tary-General. agreed to intensify their contacts in the Council Dynamics coming weeks. They also agreed to meet Council dynamics on this issue often reflect with the Secretary-General again in Geneva the relationship of various members with Cyprus at the end of January. the Cypriot parties. Russia and to some Expected Council Action In separate comments to the press, extent France tend to support the Greek In December, the Council is expected to Christofias said he was satisfied with the Cypriots who oppose any attempt to exert extend the UN Peacekeeping Force in meeting. He pointed out that no time pressure on the parties. The UK is more Cyprus, UNFICYP, for another six months. frames had been established and that the sympathetic to the Turkish Cypriot side and The Secretary-General’s Special Represen- Secretary-General had not attempted to seems less patient about continued UN tative for Cyprus, Lisa Buttenheim, is exert pressure. involvement. expected to brief Council members in infor-

Security Council Report 825 Third Avenue, Suite 217, New York, NY 10022 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org 19 Resolutions on UNFICYP in the past have is expected to extend the mandate for six On 28 October, after Council consultations been discussed among the P5 before being months and call upon Israel and Syria to on the implementation of resolution 1559 circulated to elected members, a practice implement resolution 338. regarding Lebanon, US Ambassador to the which is, in general, attracting growing criti- UN Susan Rice expressed concern about A presidential statement is also expected, cism among the wider membership. At Hezbollah’s destabilising influence in the as has been the practice since 1976, draw- press time, Council members had just region and Syrian support for the group. ing attention to the wider issues in the received Downer’s assessment of the status region and noting that the situation in the On 25 October, Syria sent a letter to the of the talks, and positions on the UNFICYP Middle East will remain tense until a com- General Assembly regarding Israeli viola- mandate renewal were still unclear. prehensive settlement is reached. tions involving water resources in the Turkey has voted against the three occupied Syrian Golan that were negatively The Secretary-General’s report is due in UNFICYP resolutions adopted since it impacting the Syrian agricultural sector. early December and may be followed by a joined the Council and is expected to do briefing in consultations. A meeting with On 28 September, Walid Muallem, the Syr- so this time as well unless references to troop-contributing countries is also likely. ian Minister of Foreign Affairs, said in an the Government of Cyprus as the sole gov- address to the General Assembly that ernment of the island are removed from Key Recent Developments Syria was willing to resume peace negotia- the text. The upcoming December report is not tions on the return of the Golan with Israel expected to reveal any significant changes The UK is the lead country on Cyprus in via Turkish mediation. Israeli Foreign since the last reporting period. The June the Council. Affairs Minister Avigdor Liberman’s 2010 Secretary-General’s report on the UN address to the General Assembly made no Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) UN Documents reference to the Israel-Syria track. (Syrian noted that the ceasefire had been main- Selected Security Council Resolution support for Hezbollah seems to be an tained and that the area of operation had important Israeli calculation in considering • S/RES/1930 (15 June 2010) renewed remained generally quiet. The Secretary- the resumption of talks.) UNFICYP’s mandate until 15 Decem- General encouraged Israel and Syria to ber, welcomed progress made in the resume peace negotiations. (This was the On 27 September, US Secretary of State negotiations, urged the parties to first UNDOF report since June 2008 that Hillary Rodham Clinton met Muallem on “intensify the momentum of negotia- didn’t explicitly encourage Israeli-Syrian the sidelines of the General Assembly. tions” and looked forward to decisive talks under the auspices of Turkey. These Prior to the meeting, a US official said “a progress “consistent with the hope were suspended after Israeli incursions into comprehensive peace has to include the expressed by the two sides on 21 Gaza in December 2008. Turkish-Israeli Israel-Syria track.” December 2009 that, if possible, 2010 relations have been strained since the Gaza Human Rights-Related would be the year of solution.” flotilla incident in May. Previously, the last Developments Latest Reports from the attempt at peace talks was in 2000.) Secretary-General On 16 September the Secretary-General On 22 November the Israeli Knesset passed • S/2010/264 (28 May 2010) was on reported to the General Assembly on the a bill requiring a two-thirds majority in par- UNFICYP. occupied Syrian Golan as requested in liament before withdrawal from the Golan or • S/2010/603 (24 November 2010) was resolution 64/95. The resolution had East Jerusalem. If a parliamentary majority on the good-offices mission in Cyprus. called upon Israel to desist from impos- isn’t achieved the bill calls for a national ref- ing Israeli citizenship and Israeli identity Other erendum. (The bill was tabled in December cards on Syrian citizens and from its • S/2010/570 (2 November 2010) was a 2009. At that time, Syria called it a serious repressive measures against the popu- letter from Turkey responding to threat to any Israel-Syria peace track.) lation in the occupied Syrian Golan. The Christofias’ statement in the General On 15 November both Israel and Syria par- Secretary-General reported that the Assembly on 24 September. ticipated in an open debate in the Council Office of the UN High Commissioner for • S/PV.6339 (15 June 2010) was the on general issues relating to terrorism. Syria Human Rights had asked Israel to pro- meeting record of the Council’s adop- accused Israel of “state terrorism.” Israel vide information but had received no tion of resolution 1930 with Turkey’s said Syria is a “sanctuary for terrorists.” response in time for his report (A/65/372). explanation of vote. Syria responded that since 1994 it had On 8 November, Syrian President Bashar been raising Israel’s violations of human al-Assad met with US Senator John Kerry rights in the occupied Syrian Golan, Golan Heights (UNDOF) during his tour of the region (Kerry is the including denial of family visits to Syria chair of the US Senate Foreign Relations even in cases of illness or death and Expected Council Action Committee). Previously, Assad had met called upon the international community UNDOF was established in May 1974 to with the American (George Mitchell) and to intervene to resume family visits under monitor the ceasefire between Israel and French (Jean Claude Cousseran) Middle the supervision of the International Com- Syria. The mandate expires on 31 Decem- East envoys on 16 and 13 September, mittee of the Red Cross. ber. Following its usual practice, the Council respectively.

20 Security Council Report 825 Third Avenue, Suite 217, New York, NY 10022 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org Key Issues • S/RES/242 (22 November 1967) A key issue is whether any Council member called for the withdrawal of Israeli wishes to take the lead in proposing a more forces from the occupied territories. SECURITY COUNCIL REPORT proactive Council policy that will encourage Monthly Security Council Presidential Statement both Syria and Israel to resume peace talks. • S/PRST/2010/12 (30 June 2010) was DEC 2010FORECAST Another issue is whether to adjust the the latest statement following the timing of the mandate renewal from six to renewal of UNDOF. Also, the Council is likely to renew the cur- 12 months. Security Council Meeting Record rent sanctions regime for Liberia, which A further issue is whether more robust • S/PV.6424 (15 November 2010) was the expires on 16 December and the mandate reporting from the Secretariat would be open debate after the counterterrorism of the panel of experts, which expires on useful (bearing in mind the limitations of briefing where Israel and Syria refer- 20 December. the UNDOF mandate and sensitivities in enced each other in their statements. Key Recent Developments the region). • S/PV.6352 (30 June 2010) was on On 15 September, the Security Council the most recent UNDOF renewal. Options adopted resolution 1938, extending the One option is a simple rollover of UNDOF’s Secretary-General’s Reports mandate of the UN Mission in Liberia mandate for six months. • S/2010/296 (9 June 2010) was the (UNMIL) until 30 September 2011. The res- most recent UNDOF report. olution authorises UNMIL to provide A second, more proactive option, is for the • S/2008/390 (16 June 2008) was the logistical support for the general presiden- Council to test the waters with a balanced UNDOF report welcoming the confir- tial and legislative elections in 2011. In a approach involving on the one hand a lon- mation of indirect peace talks between related issue, on 29 September, the UN ger period of commitment, i.e. a 12-month Israel and Syria facilitated by Turkey. special representatives in West Africa renewal, but also a stronger presidential agreed to unite their efforts to support the General Assembly Document statement that could include formally electoral processes in the region. encouraging the renewal of a Syria-Israel • A/65/542 (25 October 2010) was a peace track and requesting the Secretary- letter from Syria about Israeli violations On 16 September, the Peacebuilding Com- General to provide more regular and regarding water resources in the occu- mission established a country configuration in-depth reporting and six-monthly reviews. pied Syrian Golan. for Liberia in order to implement priorities established in letters sent to the commis- Council Dynamics Other Relevant Facts sion by the Council and the Liberian There is consensus that UNDOF remains government dated 27 May and 19 July, UNDOF Force Commander useful in the absence of a peace agreement respectively. On 15 November, the com- between Israel and Syria. France, Turkey Major-General Natalio C. Ecarma mission adopted a draft statement, laying and the US are key players. (Philippines) out the terms of partnership agreed with the Size and Composition of Mission Liberian government to strengthen the rule In the past there has been no commonly (30 August 2010) of law, to implement security sector reform agreed lead country in the Council on this • 1,035 troops, assisted by 76 military and to promote national reconciliation issue. However, it seems that there is a observers of the UN Truce Supervision between different groups in the country. growing appetite in the Council to end the Organisation’s Observer Group procedural anomaly of the Secretariat In a 24 September address to the General Golan, supported by 39 international drafting the UNDOF resolution and presi- Assembly, Liberian President Ellen Johnson- civilian personnel and 105 local civil- dential statement. Sirleaf said that corruption and ian staff. mismanagement are the greatest chal- Some Council members seem interested • Troop contributors: Austria, Canada, lenges facing Liberia’s efforts to rebuild in a one-year mandate period. Others are Croatia, India, Japan and the its society and economy. She also sensitive, however, to a Syrian desire to Philippines mentioned human trafficking and illicit keep the mandate under review every six Approved Budget drug trade in West Africa as threats to months so as not to deemphasise the 1 July 2010 to 30 June 2011: $47.8 Liberia’s development. Israel-Syria track. million (A/C.5/64/19) On 3 November, Johnson-Sirleaf dissolved UN Documents her cabinet in order to allow for cabinet Security Council Resolutions restructuring with a “fresh slate.” Liberia • S/RES/1934 (30 June 2010) renewed On 25 October, the joint UN-EU Partner- UNDOF until 31 December 2010. Expected Council Action ship on Natural Resources, Conflict and • S/RES/350 (31 May 1974) established In December, the Sanctions Committee on Peacebuilding launched a training pro- UNDOF. Liberia is likely to take up recommendations gramme designed to help countries • S/RES/338 (22 October 1973) called for from the panel of experts charged with affected by resource-driven conflicts. a ceasefire and comprehensive peace. investigating and reporting on implementa- Liberia was named one of the four pilot tion of sanctions.

Security Council Report 825 Third Avenue, Suite 217, New York, NY 10022 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org 21 countries in which a series of training In addition, problems from the wider region, temporarily redeploy from UNMIL to modules will be implemented. such as human and drug trafficking, consti- the UN Operation in Côte d’Ivoire. tute another worrying factor. On 24 November, the Council adopted • S/RES/1938 (15 September 2010) resolution 1951, authorising the Secretary- Options renewed UNMIL’s mandate for 12 General to temporarily redeploy from Options for the Council include: months. UNMIL to the UN Operation in Côte n a simple rollover of the sanctions regime • S/RES/1903 (17 December 2009) d’Ivoire a maximum of three infantry com- and the mandate of the panel of experts; renewed the sanctions regime for panies and an aviation unit of two military or Liberia for a further 12 months and helicopters, for a period of no more than n renewing the sanctions regime and the extended the mandate of the panel of four weeks. mandate of the panel of experts but reduc- experts until 20 December 2010. ing some aspects of the sanctions regime. Selected Secretary-General’s Reports In accordance with resolution 1903, the • S/2010/429 (11 August 2010) was the panel of experts is to produce its final report Council Dynamics latest report on UNMIL. to the Council via the sanctions committee Council members are in general agreement • S/2007/479 (8 August 2007) was the by 20 December. that Liberia continues to make significant initial drawdown plan for UNMIL. progress, due in great part to the willing- Human Rights-Related ness of the government to work with the UN Other Developments and other international efforts. • S/2010/393 (19 July 2010) was a Liberia’s human-rights record was letter from the three co-facilitators in Council members envision the sanctions considered on 1 November under the charge of the 2010 review of the UN regime being lifted in a gradual process in Universal Periodic Review (UPR) con- peacebuilding architecture communi- the next few years, in light of the continued ducted by the UPR Working Group of the cating their final report on the review improvement of the situation in the country. UN Human Rights Council (HRC). The process. Nevertheless, there seems to be a sense working group made 113 recommenda- • S/2010/319 (17 June 2010) was the that substantial adjustments to the sanc- tions, of which Liberia immediately latest report of the panel of experts tions regime should be deferred until after accepted 72. Many of the recommenda- on Liberia. the successful completion of the October tions related to the need to continue with 2011 national elections and the anticipated the implementation of the Truth and Other Relevant Facts completion of the trial of the former Liberian Reconciliation Commission and to com- president, Charles Taylor, before the Special Representative of the bating violence against women. The Special Court for Sierra Leone. Secretary-General remaining 41 recommendations, covering Ellen Margrethe Løj (Denmark) issues such as lifting the death penalty As for a future drawdown of UNMIL, many UNMIL Force Commander and outlawing female genital mutilation, Council members feel that the progress will be the subject of consideration and made in Liberia could be compromised Lieutenant-General Sikander Afzal response by Liberia prior to the HRC’s unless there is a gradual and carefully exe- (Pakistan) 16th session beginning in May 2011. cuted exit strategy. Some have expressed Size, Composition, Cost and Duration concern that Liberia has become overly Key Issues • Strength as of 30 September: 9,361 dependent on UNMIL and bilateral US personnel, including 7,930 troops, A key issue for the Council is striking a bal- assistance, while not enough emphasis has 1,301 police and 130 military observers ance between easing the sanctions regime been given to the eventual transfer of own- • Key contributing countries: Bangla- (reflecting the progress achieved in Liberia ership of the country’s institutions to the desh, Nigeria, Pakistan and Ghana so far) and maintaining sufficient tools to local government, particularly with respect • Cost (1 July 2010 to 30 June 2011): effectively continue to address the chal- to security sector reform. $524.1 million lenges facing the country in the near future • September 2003 to present; mandate (so as not to jeopardise that progress). There is much concern that Liberia’s failure to fully implement Council sanctions, in par- expires 30 September 2011 A related issue is addressing the patchy ticular the assets freeze, is a risk. Some Chairman of the Liberia Sanctions implementation of the sanctions by the Council members feel that stronger signals Committee Liberian government. should be sent to the Liberian government Ivan Barbalić (Bosnia and Herzegovina) Underlying Problems about this. Panel of Experts on Liberia Major socioeconomic challenges, coupled The US is the lead country on this issue in • Rowan Bosworth-Davies (UK, finance with weaknesses in state institutions relat- the Council. expert) ing to democracy and the rule of law, the • Wynet V. Smith (Canada, natural slow pace of security sector reform and the UN Documents resources expert and coordinator of difficulties in restoring effective state control Selected Security Council Resolutions the panel) over the national territory, all continue to • Hervé Gonsolin (France, arms expert) threaten stability in Liberia. • S/RES/1951 (24 November 2010) authorised the Secretary-General to

22 Security Council Report 825 Third Avenue, Suite 217, New York, NY 10022 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org Counterterrorism also emphasised that to be effective, all counterterrorism measures should respect Expected Council Action the rule of law and human rights. SECURITY COUNCIL REPORT The Council is expected in December to China welcomed the efforts of CTED, while Monthly renew the mandate of CTED, the Secretar- Russia noted that CTED had increased the DEC 2010 iat body which assists the Council’s FORECAST transparency of its work and supported a Counter-Terrorism Committee (CTC). The continuation of that practice. France said it CTC plans to submit a report to the Council n extending CTED’s mandate for a more viewed CTC’s effectiveness as dependent in December on CTED’s work to date. (It limited period. on CTED. The UK said CTED’s renewal was unclear at time of writing if the Council should allow it to continue to adapt to the Council and Wider Dynamics would separately consider the CTC report.) evolving threat of terrorism and in particular Members seem to have responded favour- Key Recent Developments focus more on the drivers of radicalisation ably to the UK proposal for the chairs of the On 15 November the chairs of the three and on how states can better counter vio- three counterterrorism committees to pro- counterterrorism committees—the 1267 lent extremism. vide personal reflections on future activities Committee, the Counter-Terrorism Com- during the joint briefing on 15 November. The US said it strongly supports the man- mittee (CTC, or the 1373 Committee) and Some members feel that if continued over date renewal and that CTED should the 1540 Committee—briefed the Council time this practice may foster more informal intensify its regional and thematic in what is now a regular twice-yearly joint and creative discussions about the work of approach while developing regional briefing. The UK, which held the November the committees. capacity, as well as devoting more atten- Council presidency, encouraged the tion to dialogue with countries on the As for CTED renewal, the feedback pro- chairs to share their personal views with issues addressed in resolution 1624. (That vided during the joint briefing confirmed regard to the future of the committees. In resolution called on states to prohibit the that Council members are supportive of its addition, the briefing provided an opportu- incitement of terrorism and to enhance dia- continued work. On the other hand there nity for participants to present their views logue among civilizations in order to were few specific recommendations for any on the work of the CTC and the mandate prevent the indiscriminate targeting of dif- modifications to the mandate. renewal of the Counter-Terrorism Commit- ferent religions and cultures. The CTC was tee Executive Directorate (CTED) as part of It appears that the US, which has the lead directed to work with states to help build their overall feedback on the work of the for the CTED renewal, hopes to circulate a capacity and include dialogue about their three committees. draft text by the beginning of December for efforts to implement the resolution.) adoption by mid-month. While the Coun- Turkish Ambassador Erturul Apakan, chair Nigeria noted the challenges facing West cil’s 27 September presidential statement of the CTC, stressed the valuable contribu- Africa in implementing resolution 1373 fully on terrorism encouraged the CTC and tions and excellent work of CTED and its and the need for capacity building. It hoped CTED to continue their work with member executive director and said CTED continues that the joint efforts of CTED and the Eco- states in close cooperation with the to provide needed assistance to the com- nomic Community of West African States General’s Assembly’s Counter-Terrorism mittee. He noted the importance of the (ECOWAS) would yield results on this front Implementation Task Force, it is not clear implementation of resolution 1373 in com- in the coming year. that anything more directive will be bating terrorism and said that since included in the renewal at this time. capacity-building remains a significant chal- Key Issues lenge to implementation, CTC and CTED A key issue for the Council is whether The preference of many members seems to should continue focusing on the matter. As CTED’s mandate should be altered to bet- be to renew CTED without substantially briefings and presentations by the CTC and ter contribute to the functioning of the CTC altering its existing mandate. Some mem- CTED to member states have proved useful and therefore the fulfilment of its mandate. bers argue that modifications to CTED’s in promoting dialogue and interaction and working procedures that were apparently A related issue is the Council remaining garnering suggestions from the wider mem- suggested in its recent report (such as the sensitive to differences of opinion in the bership, he suggested these activities ability to use extrabudgetary funds for spe- wider UN membership with regard to should continue and ways to increase inter- cific projects or to temporarily base staff in CTED’s focus and work activities, in order action should be explored. Apakan also regional settings, for example in the to maintain broad support for the overall recommended that CTED should be ECOWAS Secretariat) are only slight work of the CTC. encouraged to continue efforts, particularly changes that could be addressed in CTED’s in a regional approach, to work with states to Options programme of work rather than being address particular aspects of incitement to Possible options include: included in the resolution renewing its man- terrorism. Due to CTED’s expanding out- n a simple extension of CTED with no new date. Others, however, seem more sceptical reach activities, it should be allowed to hold substantive elements; that these proposed activities are covered and dispense extrabudgetary funds pro- n extending CTED for a further three years by the existing mandate and feel it might be vided by donors for specific activities. He with some modification to its mandated better to address them explicitly as part of activities; or the mandate renewal.

Security Council Report 825 Third Avenue, Suite 217, New York, NY 10022 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org 23 remained the highest priority for his office. UN Documents International Criminal Tribunals ICTR Prosecutor Hassan Bubacar Jallow Selected Council Resolutions said that in light of Kenya’s continued • S/RES/1904 (17 December 2009) Expected Council Action unwillingness to cooperate in the case of renewed the mandate of the 1267 In December the presidents and prosecu- Félicien Kabuga (one of three high-ranking Committee monitoring team for 18 tors of the International Criminal Tribunals ICTR fugitives who remain at large), he had months. for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda are asked the ICTR president to formally notify • S/RES/1810 (25 April 2008) extended expected to brief the Council. The Tribu- the Council of Kenya’s non-compliance the mandate of the 1540 Committee nals’ progress reports were circulated to with the Tribunal’s requests. and expert body until 25 April 2011. Council members in November. On 29 June, in resolutions 1931 on ICTY • S/RES/1805 (20 March 2008) The Council is also expected to adopt a and 1932 on ICTR, the Council extended extended the CTED mandate until 31 resolution for each Tribunal responding to the terms of office of all the permanent December 2010. various technical requests submitted by the judges of the Tribunals’ appeals chamber • S/RES/1540 (28 April 2004) estab- Tribunals’ presidents relating to extension until 31 December 2012 and, with a few lished the 1540 Committee and its of judges’ mandates and authorisation of exceptions, of the permanent and ad litem mandate. ad litem judges. judges of the trial chambers until 31 Decem- • S/RES/1373 (28 September 2001) ber 2011. It also expressed its intention to established the CTC and its mandate. Also in December, it is possible that the extend the terms of office of the ICTY trial • S/RES/1267 (15 October 1999) estab- Council will be ready to adopt a resolution judges beyond that date by 30 June 2011 lished the Al-Qaida and Taliban authorising the establishment of a residual based on an updated trial schedule to be Committee and its mandate. mechanism to carry out a number of essen- submitted to the Council by 15 May 2011 tial functions after the closure of the Selected Presidential Statement and amended the ICTR statute to allow the Tribunals. At press time, negotiations on a • S/PRST/2010/19 (27 September Secretary-General to appoint ad litem draft were ongoing in the Council’s Informal 2010) was a presidential statement judges. The Council responded to the con- Working Group on International Tribunals, adopted following a thematic meeting cerns regarding staff attrition by noting the chaired by Austria. on terrorism. importance of adequate staffing for the Tri- Selected Meeting Record The Working Group is also considering a bunals to finish their work and calling on the Secretariat and “other relevant UN bodies” • S/PV.6424 (15 November 2010) request by the government of Rwanda to address this issue. It took note of the was the most recent briefing by the relating to facilitation of cooperation ICTR’s notification of Kenya’s lack of coop- chairs of the 1267, 1540 and CTC between ICTR and national Rwandan eration in the case of Kabuga. Committees. courts in cases transferred from the ICTR. This request, which calls for the appoint- Other Following the arrest in Kampala on 30 June ment of international judges to serve in of Jean-Bosco Uwinkindi, the number of • S/2010/366 (12 July 2010) was a letter Rwandan courts, would require that the Tri- remaining ICTR fugitives is now down to from the CTC to the Council transmit- bunal’s statute be amended, but it is ten. Uwinkindi is charged with three counts ting the committee’s current work unclear whether any action can be of genocide, conspiracy to commit geno- programme for July to December expected on this in December. 2010. cide and extermination as a crime against Key Recent Developments humanity. (As he is not considered high- Other Relevant Facts The presidents and prosecutors of the Inter- ranking, his case is earmarked for referral to national Criminal Tribunals for the Former a national jurisdiction. The ICTR prosecutor Committee Chairs Yugoslavia (ICTY) and Rwanda (ICTR) last has applied for his case to be transferred to • Ambassador Erturul Apakan briefed the Council on 18 June. President of Rwanda.) (Turkey): CTC ICTY, Patrick Robinson, focused most of his In the Council’s Informal Working Group on • Ambassador Claude Heller (Mexico): briefing on the problem of staff attrition and International Tribunals, negotiations have 1540 Committee its negative impact on the work of the Tribu- continued on the establishment of a resid- • Ambassador Thomas Mayr-Harting nal. He said a “very significant reason” for ual mechanism to deal with unresolved (Austria): 1267 Committee the slippage in the trial schedule was the issues following the closure of the Tribu- Executive Director of CTED departure of highly experienced staff for nals. A fourth revised draft resolution, more secure employment elsewhere. Rob- Mike Smith (Australia) including a revised annex on the statute for inson urged the Council to acknowledge the mechanism, was circulated to Council the problem. This issue was also a main members in July. In October a second focus of the briefing by the ICTR president, annex was circulated that addresses transi- Dennis Byron. tional issues resulting from the fact that the ICTY Prosecutor Serge Brammertz reiter- residual mechanism will be established ated that the arrest of the two remaining before the closure of the Tribunals. Austria fugitives, Ratko Mladić and Goran Hadžić, circulated a fifth revised draft resolution

24 Security Council Report 825 Third Avenue, Suite 217, New York, NY 10022 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org at a meeting of the Working Group on solutions or options the Secretariat 24 November. should employ to address the staffing issues . SECURITY COUNCIL REPORT Key Issues The immediate issue for the Council is Council Dynamics Monthly responding to the various requests from the It seems that ICTR President Byron’s call, in DEC 2010FORECAST Tribunals’ presidents relating to the exten- his presentation of the Tribunal’s annual sion of judges’ mandates and authorisation report to the General Assembly on 8 Octo- of ad litem judges. ber, for an early decision on the residual residual mechanism or mechanisms. mechanism to ensure a timely and smooth Selected Letter Another key issue is assessing the Tribu- transition phase has led to greater interest • S/2010/513 (13 October 2010) was nals’ progress in completing their work. among Council members in taking such from the Secretary-General transmit- (According to the November progress action before the end of the year. Members ting a request from the president of reports, there has been a further slippage in are also acutely aware that Austria is leav- ICTR for the Council to authorise two ICTY’s completion schedule, with the esti- ing the Council and that the current judges to complete their cases after mated conclusion date for the appeal in the leadership momentum will inevitably be their terms of office expire, extend the Radovan Karadžić case having moved into reduced after 31 December. authorisation for the Tribunal to tem- 2015. The ICTR is still scheduled to com- porarily exceed the maximum number plete all trial work in 2011 and all appeals in At press time, however, there were still a of ad litem judges allowed by its stat- 2013.) Some of the continuing key chal- number of outstanding issues in the nego- ute and amend the statute to allow ad lenges include the failure to arrest the tiations, and it was unclear whether litem judges to fill the positions of remaining high-ranking fugitives, states’ agreement could be reached by the end of president and presiding judge. lack of cooperation, obstacles to referral of December. One such issue is the start date cases to national jurisdiction and the staff- for the mechanism. It seems to be common Other Relevant Documents ing situation. According to ICTY’s ground that there will be one mechanism • S/2010/574 (5 November 2010) and November report, “nothing has been with two branches starting at different S/2010/588 (18 November 2010) were achieved” to solve the problem of staff attri- dates. There is some support for the option the latest reports from the ICTR and tion. (It seems that the Council’s call in June that the ICTR branch should commence in ICTY, respectively, on implementation for relevant UN bodies to address this issue January 2012 and the ICTY branch in Janu- of their completion strategies. needs more specific follow-up, including by ary 2014. Other issues include whether the • A/64/PV.16 (8 October 2010) was the Council members in relevant intergovern- authorisation of the mechanism should be presentation in the General Assembly mental organs.) open-ended or limited in time with the pos- of the Tribunals’ annual reports. sibility of an extension and whether a final • S/2010/408 (30 July 2010) and The most substantive issue currently facing date should be established for the Tribunals S/2010/413 (30 July 2010) were the the Council is whether it is now ready to to shut down. There are also remaining latest annual reports of ICTR and adopt a resolution on a residual mechanism questions on transitional issues and bud- ICTY, respectively, to the Council and and the timing of such a decision. getary aspects. the General Assembly. Options • S/PV.6342 (18 June 2010) was the lat- Russia wants a definite closing date for the Main options for the Council include: est Council briefing by the presidents Tribunals and a time-bound mandate for n adopting technical resolutions for each and prosecutors of the ICTY and ICTR. the residual mechanism, but with the pos- Tribunal responding to the various sibility of an extension. Other Council requests submitted by the presidents; Other Relevant Facts members, however, including France, the n authorising the establishment of a resid- UK and the US, argue that this would create ICTY ual mechanism on a specific date and problems about due process and judicial • Two high-ranking accused at large: also deciding on closing dates for the independence. former Bosnian Serb military com- Tribunals; mander Ratko Mladić and former n authorising the establishment of a UN Documents Croatian Serb politician Goran Hadžić. residual mechanism on a specific date Selected Security Council Resolutions • Three accused awaiting re-trial, 18 on but leaving open when the Tribunals trial and 15 at the appeal stage. will close; • S/RES/1931 and S/RES/1932 (29 ICTR n authorising a residual mechanism but June 2010) on ICTY and ICTR respec- reserving specific dates for a later tively, extended the terms of office of • Ten accused at large, of which three decision; the Tribunals’ judges. are considered high-ranking, including n deferring the decision on the residual Selected Report of the Secretary-General Félicien Kabuga, a Rwandan business- mechanism and resuming negotiations • S/2009/258 (21 May 2009) was on man accused of helping to finance and in January under the new chairmanship administrative and budgetary implica- organise the 1994 genocide. of the Working Group; or tions of possible locations for ICTY • Two accused awaiting trial, 22 on trial n laying out more precisely exactly what and ICTR archives and the seat of the and eight at the appeal stage.

Security Council Report 825 Third Avenue, Suite 217, New York, NY 10022 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org 25 light of the then-upcoming elections (e.g. West Africa (UNOWA) UN Documents in Côte d’Ivoire and Guinea), and chal- Expected Council Action lenges posed by drug trafficking and Selected Presidential Statements In December the Council is expected to organised crime. • S/PRST/2009/32 (8 December consider the Secretary-General’s report on 2009) was on threats posed by On 13 July, Djinnit briefed the Council on UNOWA and to renew the mandate of the drug trafficking. the overall peace and stability of the West mission, which expires on 31 December. • S/PRST/2009/20 (10 July 2009) was African subregion, which he described as The head of UNOWA, Said Djinnit, may brief on the situation in West Africa. having witnessed “significant progress in the Council. • S/PRST/2009/11 (5 May 2009) crisis prevention and peacebuilding amidst expressed concern about the resur- Key Recent Developments daunting difficulties and persistent chal- gence of unconstitutional changes of On 18 November the head of the UN Office lenges.” Djinnit told the Council that despite government in Africa. for West Africa (UNOWA) briefed Council significant progress in peace consolidation, members in consultations on the latest the subregion remained “at a crossroads, Selected Letters developments in Guinea, in the wake of the owing to the persistence of the root causes • S/2008/128 (26 February 2008) and 15 November announcement of the provi- of conflicts in the region, such as social dis- S/2008/127 (21 February 2008) was sional results in the second round of the parities, ethnic tensions and governance an exchange of letters between the country’s presidential elections and the 17 challenges.” Secretary-General and the Council November declaration of a state of emer- regarding the appointment of Said Key Issues gency by the government. Djinnit as special representative for The key issue for Council members in West Africa and head of UNOWA. December is assessing whether and how In a statement to the press after the meet- • S/2007/754 (21 December 2007) and well UNOWA’s regional approach to ing, the Council president indicated that S/2007/753 (28 November 2007) was peace consolidation in West Africa is members had: an exchange of letters between the n working in such areas as mediation, elec- welcomed the run-off in Guinea’s presi- Secretary-General and the Council tions and responses to challenges to dential elections on 7 November and the regarding the extension of UNOWA peace and security. high voter turnout; until 31 December 2010 and more n deplored the violence that erupted fol- A closely related issue is whether the Coun- frequent reporting. lowing the announcement of the results cil to further fine-tune the mandate of • S/2001/1129 (29 November 2001) of the run-off elections and urged political UNOWA, beyond simply renewing its man- welcomed the intention of the leaders in the country to refrain from date, and enhance the office’s capacity for Secretary-General to establish actions likely to worsen tensions; operations on the ground. UNOWA. n took note of the provisional results of the Selected Secretary-General’s Reports run-off elections announced by the elec- Council Dynamics toral commission and appealed to all Council opinion on UNOWA has seen a • S/2010/324 (21 June 2010) was the parties to follow the existing legal proce- marked shift since late 2007, when some most recent report on UNOWA. dure to resolve their differences members (e.g. the US) questioned the util- • S/2007/143 (13 March 2007) was on peacefully and respect the final decision ity of the office. The current view is that the cross-border issues in West Africa. to be announced by the country’s office is useful, especially in monitoring and • S/2004/797 (4 October 2004) was a Supreme Court; addressing issues that threaten the subre- review of the activities and perfor- n stressed the responsibility of Guinea’s gion’s peace and security but may not be mance of UNOWA spanning the security forces and government officials on the Council’s agenda, lack a UN mission period from January 2003 to July to maintain public order and to protect or do not come up for regular consideration 2004. civilians; and (e.g. Guinea, Niger, Togo, drug trafficking, Other n paid tribute to the facilitation work being organised crime and terrorism in the Sahel • S/PV.6358 (13 July 2010) was the carried out by Djinnit and welcomed the region of West Africa). latest briefing on UNOWA to the determination of Guinea’s interim leader, Council. General Sékouba Konaté, to pursue The question therefore for most Council Selected UNOWA Studies and Concept peaceful elections. members is not whether to renew UNOWA’s mandate, but rather how they could further Papers On 30 September, Djinnit chaired a meet- fine-tune the mandate of the office and how Available at http://www.un.org/unowa/ ing of senior UN mission officials from Côte long the mandate should be. unowa/studies/studies-cp.htm d’Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia and Sierra • Working Document on Sanctions in Leone in Dakar, Senegal during which the Nigeria is the lead country on this issue in Africa (June 2007) participants drew up joint plans to enhance the Council. • Security Landscape and Peace Con- stability in the West African subregion, in solidation in West Africa (March 2007)

26 Security Council Report 825 Third Avenue, Suite 217, New York, NY 10022 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org Ambassador Tsuneo Nishida, Permanent • Youth Unemployment and Regional Representative of Japan, will brief the Insecurity in West Africa – A UNOWA Council on the Security Council committee Issue Paper, 2nd edition (August SECURITY COUNCIL REPORT established pursuant to resolution 1737 2006) Monthly (2006) concerning Iran; the working group • Life after State House: Addressing on peacekeeping operations; and the infor- DEC 2010 Unconstitutional Changes in West FORECAST mal working group on documentation and Africa – A UNOWA Issue Paper other procedural questions. achievements of the subsidiary bodies in (March 2006) the course of implementing their man- • Youth Unemployment and Regional Ambassador Claude Heller, Permanent dates. Chairmen have also tried to assess Insecurity in West Africa – A UNOWA Representative of Mexico, will brief the the practical effects the regimes— Issue Paper, 1st edition (December Council on the Security Council committee imposed by some subsidiary bodies—may 2005) established pursuant to resolutions 751 have had on the situations they were estab- • Elections scheduled between April (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Soma- lished to address. At times, some have 2005 and December 2007 in West lia and Eritrea; the Security Council taken the opportunity to assess the work- Africa (June 2005) committee established pursuant to resolu- ing methods and end products of the • Security Sector Reform and Conflict tion 1540 (2004) concerning non-state subsidiary bodies they chaired, as well as Prevention in West Africa: Challenges actors and weapons of mass destruction; their controlling mandate. and Opportunities – Dakar Workshop and the working group on children and (November 2004) armed conflict. The briefing sessions have also provided a • The Regional Impact of the Crisis in forum for chairmen to share with the Coun- ˇ Côte d’Ivoire (April 2004) Ambassador Ertugrul Apakan, Perma- cil forward-looking suggestions, based on nent Representative of Turkey, will brief the conclusions drawn from their experience. Other Relevant Facts Council on the Security Council committee Indeed, some have used the forum to make established pursuant to resolution 1373 Special Representative of the recommendations for adjusting the man- Secretary-General (2001) concerning counterterrorism; the date and working methods of the Security Council committee established Said Djinnit (Algeria) subsidiary bodies they have chaired, as pursuant to resolution 1718 (2006) con- well as the resources allotted to those sub- UNOWA: Size and Composition cerning the Democratic People’s Republic sidiary bodies. Chairmen have also Staff Strength (as of 30 April 2010): 13 of Korea; and the working group estab- stressed that these recommendations international civilians; ten local civilians; lished pursuant to resolution 1566 (2004) were aimed, in their own perspective, at four military advisers on individuals, groups or entities involved in enhancing the effectiveness and legiti- UNOWA: Duration or associated with terrorist activities and macy of the Council’s subsidiary bodies. possible compensation for their victims. 29 November 2001 to present; mandate UN Documents expires on 31 December 2010. Ambassador Ruhakana Rugunda, Per- manent Representative of Uganda, will brief Selected Security Council Meeting the Council on the ad hoc working group on Records of Briefings by Subsidiary Body Chairs conflict prevention and resolution in Africa. Security Council • S/PV.6238 (14 December 2009) Subsidiary Bodies In addition, the Council may be briefed by • S/PV.6043 (15 December 2008) the chairman of the Security Council com- Expected Council Action • S/PV.5806 (17 December 2007) mittee established pursuant to resolution • S/PV.5601 (20 December 2006) In December, the Council is expected to be 1132 (1997) concerning Sierra Leone by • S/PV.5332 (19 December 2005) briefed by the chairmen of subsidiary bod- Ambassador Nawaf Salam, Permanent • S/PV.5106 (22 December 2004) ies whose countries will be finishing their Representative of Lebanon, following the • S/PV.4888 (22 December 2003) term on the Council. dissolution of the committee by resolution • S/PV.4673 (18 December 2002) Ambassador Thomas Mayr-Harting, Per- 1940 (2010). manent Representative of Austria, will brief The meeting may be followed by a press the Council on the Security Council commit- statement. tee established pursuant to resolution 1267 (1999) concerning Al-Qaida and the Taliban Council Dynamics and associated individuals and entities; the In an annual practice dating back to 2002, Security Council committee established chairmen of subsidiary bodies reflect, in pursuant to resolution 1591 (2005) concern- their personal capacity, on the work of the ing the Sudan; and the informal working subsidiary bodies that they have chaired. group on international tribunals. In the past, chairmen have briefed the Council on the key developments and

Security Council Report 825 Third Avenue, Suite 217, New York, NY 10022 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org 27 Notable Dates for December Important Dates over the Report Due Reports for Consideration in December Requesting Report Horizon 5 November ICTR completion strategy report (S/2010/574) S/RES/1534 n Referenda for southern Sudan and Abyei 18 November ICTY completion strategy report (S/2010/588) S/RES/1534 are to be held pursuant to the Compre- 23 November SG report on Côte d’Ivoire (UNOCI) (S/2010/600) S/RES/1933 hensive Peace Agreement by 9 January 26 November SG report on Iraq (UNAMI) (S/2010/606) S/RES/1936 30 November SG report on Burundi (BINUB) S/RES/1902 2011. 1 December SG report on Women, Peace and Security S/RES/1888 n Parliamentary and first round presidential (Sexual Violence in Conflict) S/2010/417 elections are scheduled for 23 January 1 December SG report on UN operation in Cyprus (UNFICYP) S/RES/1930 2011 in the Central African Republic. 1 December SG report on the Central African Republic (BINUCA) S/PRST/2009/35 n Legislative elections are expected on 20 S/PRST/2001/25 February 2011 and local elections on 27 1 December SG report on Golan Heights (UNDOF) S/RES/1934 March 2011 in Chad. 1 December SG report on Chad/CAR (MINURCAT) S/RES/1923 n First-round presidential elections are 9 December SG report on West Africa (UNOWA) S/2007/754 expected on 8 May 2011 in Chad. 10 December SG report on Iraq/Kuwait missing persons S/RES/1284 and return of property S/2010/378 n Parliamentary elections are scheduled 13 December SG report on Afghanistan (UNAMA) S/RES/1917 for May 2011 in Cyprus. late December Annual Counter-Terrorism Committee report S/RES/1805 n The transitional period as defined by the Mandate Expiry in December 2010 Relevant Document Transitional Federal Charter of Somalia 15 December Cyprus (UNFICYP) S/RES/1930 expires in August 2011. 16 December Liberia sanctions S/RES/1903 n Legislative and presidential elections in 20 December Panel of Experts for the Liberia Sanctions Committee S/RES/1903 Liberia are expected in October 2011. 31 December Burundi (BINUB) S/RES/1902 n Parliamentary elections and first round of 31 December Chad/CAR (MINURCAT) S/RES/1923 presidential elections are scheduled for 31 December Golan Heights (UNDOF) S/RES/1934 27 November 2011 in the DRC. 31 December Côte d’Ivoire (UNOCI) S/RES/1933 31 December Central African Republic (BINUCA) S/PRST/2009/35 31 December Ad Hoc Working Group on Conflict Prevention S/2009/650 SECURITY COUNCIL REPORT STAFF and Resolution in Africa Colin Keating, Executive Director 31 December DFI/IAMB arrangements (Iraq) S/RES/1905 Joanna Weschler, Deputy Executive Director 31 December West Africa (UNOWA) S/2007/754 and Director of Research 31 December Counter-Terrorism Executive Directorate (CTED) S/RES1805 Amanda Roberts, Coordinating Editor & Research Analyst December 2010 Other Important Dates Shamala Kandiah, Senior Research Analyst 2 December Regarding Sudan, President Omar Al-Bashir, First Vice President Salva Kiir Robert Afriyie, Research Analyst and Vice President Ali Osman Taha are expected to resume talks on Abyei. Clare Gatehouse, Research Analyst 6-7 December An EU meeting with Iran in Geneva on nuclear issues is expected. Troy Prince, Research Analyst 16 December An open debate on Women, Peace and Security (resolution 1888 on Astrid Forberg Ryan, Research Analyst Tim Caughley, Research Consultant sexual violence in conflict) is expected. The Secretary-General’s Special Dahlia Morched, Research Consultant Representative Margot Wallström is expected to brief the Council. Eran Sthoeger, Research Consultant Also likely in December: Jonathan Tow, Research Consultant • The chair of the Sudan Sanctions Committee will present his ninety-day report to the Council in closed consultations. Robbin VanNewkirk, Publications Coordinator • The Council’s informal expert group on protection of civilians is expected to meet and discuss the termination of MINURCAT. Jamaal A. Young, Programme Assistant • The panel of experts on Liberia is to produce its final report to the Council via the sanctions committee. Maritza Tenerelli, Administrative Assistant • A high-level meeting on Iraq is likely. • Discussions on a possible youth event seem likely. • The Secretary-General’s Personal Envoy for Western Sahara, Christopher Ross, is scheduled to convene another Security Council Report is published with round of informal meetings between Morocco and the Polisario. the support of the Governments of Canada, Briefings are expected by: Liechtenstein, Norway, Singapore and • Under-Secretary-General for Political Affairs B. Lynn Pascoe on Nepal • Head of UNOCI Choi Young-jin on Côte d’Ivoire Switzerland, The Rockefeller Foundation, • Head of UN peacekeeping Alain Le Roy on Sudan the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur • Head of UNOWA Said Djinnit on West Africa • The Head of BINUB on Burundi Foundation, the William and Flora Hewlett • The Department of Political Affairs for the regular monthly Middle East briefing Foundation and the David and Lucile • Special Representative for Cyprus and head of UNFICYP Lisa Buttenheim Packard Foundation. It is incorporated as • Special Representative and head of MINURCAT Youssef Mahmoud • Special Representative and head of BINUCA Sahle-Work Zewde on the Central African Republic a not for profit Organisation and operates • High-Level Coordinator for Iraq/Kuwait Missing Persons and Property in affiliation with the School of Interna- • Presidents and prosecutors of the international criminal tribunals for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and Rwanda (ICTR) • Chair of the 1737 Sanctions Committee on Iran tional and Public Affairs at Columbia • Chair of the Committee established pursuant to resolution 1132 (Sierra Leone) University in New York. • Chairs of the subsidiary bodies • Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court Luis Moreno-Ocampo on Sudan

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