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Libre Comme Dans Liberté Auteur: Sam Williams Traduction: Collectif Wikisource Version 9.3 Pour la Liberté Libre comme dans Liberté Auteur: Sam Williams Traduction: Collectif Wikisource Version 9.3 Copyright © U.C.H Pour la Liberté Permission vous est donnée de copier, distribuer et/ou modifier ce document selon les termes de la Licence GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 ou ultérieure publiée par la Free Software Foundation. Une copie de cette Licence est incluse dans la section « GNU Free Documentation License » de ce document. HackAngel Pour la Liberté... Libre comme dans Liberté Un hacker est quelqu©un qui apprécie l©intelligence espiègle. Je sais que pour beaucoup de personnes il représente un pirate informatique, mais puisqu©au sein de ma communauté nous nous appelons « hacker » je n©accepterai aucune autre signification. Si vous voulez parler de ces personnes qui cassent les codes de sécurité vous devriez parler de « cracker ». Le terme « hacker » ne se limite pas au domaine des ordinateurs. Au Massachusetts Institute of Technology il existe une ancienne tradition, les gens « hackent » les bâtiments et les lieux publics en y accrochant le fameux panneau de signalisation « Nerd Crossing » par exemple. Aucune sécurité n©est détournée et c©est espiègle et intelligent. Richard M. Stallman Table des matières Libre comme dans Liberté ...................................................................................................................4 Remerciements.................................................................................................................................7 Chapitre I Ð Faute d'une imprimante.............................................................................................8 Chapitre II Ð 2001 : l'odyssée d'un hacker...................................................................................14 Chapitre III Ð Portrait d©un jeune hacker......................................................................................20 Chapitre IV Ð Destituer Dieu.......................................................................................................26 Chapitre V Ð Une flaque de liberté..............................................................................................37 Chapitre VI Ð La Commune d©Emacs..........................................................................................47 Chapitre VII Ð Une morale inflexible..........................................................................................54 Chapitre VIII Ð Saint Ignucius.....................................................................................................64 Chapitre IX Ð La licence publique générale GNU.......................................................................71 Chapitre X Ð GNU/Linux.............................................................................................................81 Chapitre XI Ð Open Source..........................................................................................................87 Chapitre XII Ð Un bref voyage dans l©enfer du Hacker................................................................95 Chapitre XIII Ð Continuer le combat...........................................................................................98 Épilogue Ð Écrasante solitude....................................................................................................104 Annexe A Ð Terminologie..........................................................................................................113 Annexe B Ð Hack, Hacker et Hacking........................................................................................114 Annexe C Ð Licence de documentation libre GNU....................................................................117 Annexe D Ð Texte original de la licence GNU FDL..................................................................123 Libre comme dans Liberté La Croisade de Richard Stallman pour le Logiciel Libre Auteur: Sam Williams Traduction: Collectif Wikisource Cette version est tirée de FAIFzilla 1.0 (http://www.faifzilla.org/), dernière entrée en 2004 . Ce livre est licencié sous la GNU Free Documentation License. Il fut initialement publié en ligne et imprimé par O©Reilly and Associates en 2002. Cette traduction peut être consultée en ligne à l©adresse http://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Libre_comme_Liberté Préface L©úuvre de Richard M. Stallman parle d©elle-même. Du code source documenté aux publications et aux discours enregistrés, peu de gens ont montré tant de volonté à mettre en jeu leur pensée et leur travail. Une telle ouverture Ð si l'on peut excuser momentanément un tel adjectif non-stallmanien Ð est rafraîchissante. Après tout, nous vivons dans une société qui considère l'information, notamment personnelle, comme une chose de valeur. On peut effectivement se demander pour quelle raison quelqu©un voudrait donner autant d'informations et sembler ne rien demander en retour! Comme nous le verrons dans les chapitres suivants, Stallman ne partage pas ses mots ou son travail de façon altruiste. Chaque programme, discours et bon mot enregistré a un prix, mais, dans son genre, pas celui que nous avons l©habitude de payer. Je n'avance pas cela comme un avertissement, mais comme un postulat. Ayant passé cette dernière année à déterrer des éléments de l'histoire personnelle de Stallman, il est plutôt intimidant d'aller à l'encontre de l'úuvre de Stallman. « Ne choisis pas comme adversaire un homme qui achète son encre par tonneau », dit le vieil adage de Mark Twain. Dans le cas de Stallman : ne t©attaque pas à la biographie définitive d'un homme qui confie sa pensée au domaine public. Pour les lecteurs qui ont décidé de consacrer quelques heures de leur temps à explorer ce livre, je peux en confiance affirmer qu©il y a ici des faits et des citations qu'on ne trouve dans nulle histoire de Slashdot ou recherche de Google. Cependant, avoir accès à ces informations a un prix. Concernant la version papier, vous pouvez payer pour celle-ci de la façon traditionnelle, c'est-à-dire en achetant le livre. Dans le cas des versions électroniques, vous pouvez payer pour ces informations à la façon des logiciels libres. Grâce aux gens de O'Reilly & Associates, ce livre est distribué sous la Licence de Documentation Libre de GNU, ce qui signifie que vous pouvez aider à améliorer le travail ou créer une version personnalisée et la publier sous la même licence. Si vous lisez une version électronique et préférez accepter cette dernière option de paiement, c'est-à- dire si vous voulez améliorer ou compléter ce livre pour les lecteurs futurs, votre contribution est la bienvenue. À partir de juin 2002, je vais publier une version HTML de ce livre sur le site web http://www.faifzilla.org. Mon but est de le mettre à jour régulièrement et de compléter le récit de "Free as in freedom" au fur et à mesure des évènements. Si vous choisissez cette dernière solution, consultez s'il vous plaît l'annexe C de ce livre. Elle contient une copie de vos droits sous la Licence de Documentation Libre de GNU. Pour ceux dont l'intention est seulement de s'asseoir et de lire, en ligne ou autrement, je considère votre intérêt comme une forme de paiement ayant tout autant de valeur. Ne soyez pas surpris cependant, si, vous aussi, vous vous surprenez à chercher d'autres façons de récompenser la bonne volonté qui a rendu ce travail possible. Une dernière remarque : ceci est un travail de journalisme, mais c'est également un travail de documentation technique. Au cours du travail d'écriture et d'édition de ce livre, les éditeurs et moi-même avons évalué les commentaires et les faits apportés par les différents participants de l'histoire, y compris Richard Stallman en personne. Nous avons pris conscience que de nombreux détails techniques de l'histoire pourraient bénéficier d'informations complémentaires ou affinées. Comme cet ouvrage est publié sous la LDLG[1], nous acceptons les patchs comme nous le ferions pour n'importe quel logiciel libre. Les modifications acceptées seront envoyées électroniquement et finalement incorporées dans les futures versions imprimées de cet ouvrage. Si vous souhaitez contribuer à l'amélioration future de ce livre, écrivez-moi à l'adresse [email protected]. Remerciements Remerciements particuliers à Henning Gutmann pour s'être accroché à ce livre. Remerciements particuliers à Aaron Oas pour avoir suggéré l'idée à Tracy en premier. Merci à Laurie Petrycki, Jeffrey Holcomb, et tous les autres de O'Reilly & Associates. Merci à Tim O'Reilly pour avoir soutenu ce livre. Merci à tous les relecteurs du premier essai : Bruce Perens, Eric Raymond, Eric Allman, Jon Orwant, Julie et Gerald Jay Sussman, Hal Abelson et Guy Steele. J'espère que vous appréciez cette version exempte de coquilles. Merci à Alice Lippman pour les interviews, les cookies, et les photographies. Merci à ma famille, Steve, Jane, Tish et Dave. Et enfin, le dernier mais pas le moindre : merci à Richard Stallman pour avoir eu les tripes et la persévérance de « nous montrer le code ». Sam Williams Notes 1. Il s©agit de la Licence pour la Documentation Libre GNU (GNU Free Documentation Licence -- GFDL). Pour plus d©information, voir http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl-1.2.html et http://www.gnu.org/licenses/licenses.fr.html -- NdT. (Traduction [FR] de cette page : <Valéry Beaud>) Chapitre I Ð Faute d'une imprimante « Je crains les Grecs. Même lorsqu'ils apportent des cadeaux. » Ð Virgile (L'Énéide) La nouvelle imprimante était une nouvelle fois bloquée. Pour Richard M. Stallman, vingt-sept ans, programmeur au laboratoire d©intelligence artificielle (AI Lab)
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