DOCSLIB.ORG

Wikireader Free Software and Free Contents

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

WIKIREADER FREE SOFTWARE AND FREE CONTENTS A COLLECTION OF ARTICLES FROM WIKIPEDIA, THE FREE ENCYCLOPEDIA Last change: June 28th, 2004 W I K I M E D I A F O U N D A T I O N IMPRINT Authors: The volunteer writers of the english Wikipedia Editor: Thomas R. "TomK32" Koll Notable Wikipedians for this WikiReader: Used fonts: FreeSerif und FreeMono Cover: Last change in this edition: June 28th 2004 at 22:40 CEST Webdress of Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org ISSN (Onlineedtion): 1613-7752 ISSN (Printedtion): not known yet A complete list of used articles and the names of all registered authors who worked on these articles can be found in the appendix. WIKIREADER INTERNET 1 ON WIKIPEDIA Wikipedia is a free encyclopedia which was started to give everyone a free source of knowledge which you not only can read but also extend in form of writing for it. On the website http://en.wikipedia.org you can not only find the current articles of Wikipedia but you can also start writing imediately without registration or identification. With this revolutionary method more than 700.000 articles were written since 2001 in more than 40 languages, and it's growing faster. In some languages Wikipedia is the first ency- clopedia ever. Since 2003 the Wikimedia Foundation is taking care of running the farm of webservers and also hosts and supports other projects like the multilinugual dictionary Wiktionary and the textbooks project WikiBooks. ON WIKIREADER WikiReader is a randomly published series of collections of Wikipedia articles, a detai- led overview over a certain topic presented in a editored form. It don't claim to be com- plete or even perfect but is more or less a "snapshot" of the topic. We encourage our readers to do further researches, include their results into Wikipedia and give new impluses for the next edition of this WikiReader. The first WikiReader, on the topic "Schweden", was published at the German Wikipe- dia in February 2004 by Thomas Karcher and others followed. ON WIKIREADER THIS WIKIREADER The "WikiReader Free Software and Free Contents" is the first one published in English, still by a German Wikipedian, but surely soon to be editored by native English speakers. The WikiReader's target is to give a overview on the various aspects of free software and contents which started in the 1970s and became a counter-movement to propietary software and restrictive copyright in the late 1990s. COPYRIGHT Like Wikipedia itself, this WikiReader is published under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License (GNU FDL) which can be found in the appendix. You may, no you shall copy this WikiReader according to the terms of the license. The license also can be found at http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html 2 WIKIREADER INTERNET TABLE OF CONTENTS Imprint.....................................................1 Non-government systems of IP On Wikipedia..........................................2 protection.........................................51 On WikiReader.......................................2 Closed source........................................53 On WikiReader this WikiReader.............2 Shared Source.......................................54 Copyright................................................2 Software Patent.....................................55 In the US..........................................56 EFINITION OF ERMS D T .....................5 In Europe.........................................58 Open Content..........................................5 Origin...............................................59 Free software...........................................5 Opposition to Software Patents........64 Open Source..........................................10 Dealing with Software Patents.........68 Source Code..........................................10 Copyleft.................................................12 IMPORTANT PERSONS.....................71 Open Patent...........................................15 Richard Stallman...................................71 Open Hardware.....................................16 Founding GNU................................72 The Cathedral and the Bazaar...............17 Eric S. Raymond...................................74 SOFTWARE LICENSES.....................18 LINUS TORVALDS.........................77 Open-source licenses.............................18 Tux........................................................80 Free software licenses...........................19 Eben Moglen.........................................82 MIT License..........................................19 Alan Cox...............................................83 BSD license...........................................20 Donald Knuth........................................83 BSD and GPL licensing........................21 Bruce Perens.........................................85 Larry Wall.............................................85 ONTENT ICENSES C L ......................23 Guido van Rossum................................86 Public Domain.......................................23 Brian Behlendorf...................................87 Public domain and the Internet........26 Miguel de Icaza.....................................88 GNU Free Documentation License.......28 Creative Commons License..................29 GENERAL MOVEMENTS..................91 Hacker...................................................91 ON REE ICENCES N -F L ....................31 Hacker community................................98 Copyright..............................................31 Hacker culture.......................................98 Fair Use.................................................36 Hacker Manifesto................................100 Practical effect of fair use defense...39 Open source movement.......................101 Fair use on the Internet....................40 Fair Dealing...........................................41 IMPORTANT ORANISATIONS..........105 Australia...........................................42 GNU....................................................105 Canada.............................................42 Open Source Initiative.........................108 United Kingdom..............................44 Open Source Development Network...109 Intellectual Property..............................45 Free Software Foundation...................109 WIKIREADER INTERNET 3 Free Software Foundation Europe.......112 Wizards of OS.....................................115 Free Software Foundation India..........113 PPENDIX Creative Commons..............................113 A ..................................117 Authors................................................117 IMPORTANT CONFERENCES AND Used articles........................................117 EXPOSTIONS................................115 GNU Free Documentation Licence.....118 LinuxTag.............................................115 4 WIKIREADER INTERNET DEFINITION OF TERMS OPEN CONTENT Open content, coined by analogy with open source, describes any kind of creative work (for example, articles, pictures, audio, video, etc.) that is published under a copyright li- cense, or in the public domain, in a format that explicitly allows the copying of the in- formation. One example is the GNU Free Documentation License, which is used by Wikipedia and Nupedia. "Open content" is also sometimes used to describe content that can be modified by anyone. Of course, this is not without prior review by other partici- pating parties - but there is no closed group like a commercial encyclopedia publisher which is responsible for all the editing. Just as open source software is sometimes described simply as Free Software (not to be confused with Freeware), open content materials can be more briefly described as free materials. But not every open content is free in the GNU GPL sense (for instance the Open Directory). Some licenses attempt to maximize the freedom of all potential recipi- ents in the future, while others maximize the freedom of the initial recipient. FREE SOFTWARE The term free software is used in essentially two different ways: 1. Software that can be used, copied, studied and modified and redistributed by the user; 2. Software which may be copied and used without payment, also referred to as free- ware (or gratis software by advocates of the first variety). These definitions may conflict, and a piece of software that is free in the first sense may not be free in the second, and vice versa. Amongst software developers and free and open source software enthusiasts, the first sense is traditionally called "free as in speech", while the second is called "free as in beer". In this context, the term "free software" more commonly refers to the first sense. Advocates of "free as in speech" software call the second type "gratis", which translates to the "free" of "free beer," because there is no charge to receive a copy. In many languages the terms for free as in freedom and free as in "free beer" is diffe- rent; in French, for example, "libre" translates to "free" in the sense of "freedom". Hence, free software of the "free speech" type is sometimes called "software libre", from the French "logiciel libre" and the Spanish "software libre". WIKIREADER INTERNET 5 Free software of the first type is often made available online without charge, or availa- ble offline for the cost of distribution; however, this is not required, and free software can also be sold for profit. FREE SOFTWARE AS IN "FREE SPEECH" Developers in the 1970s frequently shared their software in a manner similar to the prin-
Recommended publications
  • UC Santa Barbara UC Santa Barbara Electronic Theses and Dissertations

    UC Santa Barbara UC Santa Barbara Electronic Theses and Dissertations

    UC Santa Barbara UC Santa Barbara Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title A Web of Extended Metaphors in the Guerilla Open Access Manifesto of Aaron Swartz Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6w76f8x7 Author Swift, Kathy Publication Date 2017 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara A Web of Extended Metaphors in the Guerilla Open Access Manifesto of Aaron Swartz A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Education by Kathleen Anne Swift Committee in charge: Professor Richard Duran, Chair Professor Diana Arya Professor William Robinson September 2017 The dissertation of Kathleen Anne Swift is approved. ................................................................................................................................ Diana Arya ................................................................................................................................ William Robinson ................................................................................................................................ Richard Duran, Committee Chair June 2017 A Web of Extended Metaphors in the Guerilla Open Access Manifesto of Aaron Swartz Copyright © 2017 by Kathleen Anne Swift iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the members of my committee for their advice and patience as I worked on gathering and analyzing the copious amounts of research necessary to
  • Download (PDF)

    Download (PDF)

    CULTIVATING OPEN INFORMATION PLATFORMS: A LAND TRUST MODEL MOLLY SHAFFER VAN HOUWELING* INTRODUCTION James Boyle has led a recent call for intellectual property “environmentalism”—a movement to fend off perceived threats to the public interest posed by expansions in the scope and term of intellectual property protection.1 Inspired in part by Boyle’s message, a number of organizations have sprung up that aspire to expand and cultivate the body of intellectual works that are not subject to proprietary control.2 The Internet’s original development as a non-proprietary in- formation platform is another source of inspiration for this incip- ient movement.3 The Internet is built on a suite of protocols— * Assistant Professor of Law, University of Michigan Law School. Thanks to Kenneth Bamberger, Stefan Bechtold, Glenn Otis Brown, Julie Cohen, Bruce Damer, Rebecca Eisenberg, Edward Felten, Frank Hecker, Daphne Keller, Thom LeDoux, Mark Lemley, Lawrence Lessig, Douglas Lichtman, Ronald Mann, Thomas Nachbar, Maureen O’Rourke, Timothy Schoechle, Theodore Ts’o, Robert Van Houweling, and Jonathan Zittrain for comments. This essay was the basis for a presentation at the Silicon Flatirons Telecommunications Program Conference on Regulation of Information Platforms. Thanks to Philip Weiser for organizing the conference and to him and the other conference participants for their comments. 1. See, e.g., James Boyle, A Politics of Intellectual Property: Environmentalism for the Net?, 47 DUKE L.J. 87, 108-16 (1997); James Boyle, The Second Enclosure Movement and the Construction of the Public Domain, 39-43 (paper presented at the Duke conference on the Public Domain, Nov. 2001), discussion draft available at http://www.law.duke.edu/pd/papers/boyle.pdf; see also Seth Shulman, Intellectual- Property Ecology, TECHNOLOGY REVIEW, Mar.
  • SFLC V Conservancy

    SFLC V Conservancy

    Trademark Trial and Appeal Board Electronic Filing System. http://estta.uspto.gov ESTTA Tracking number: ESTTA863914 Filing date: 12/11/2017 IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE BEFORE THE TRADEMARK TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD Proceeding 92066968 Party Defendant Software Freedom Conservancy Correspondence PAMELA S CHESTECK Address CHESTEK LEGAL P O BOX 2492 RALEIGH, NC 27602 UNITED STATES Email: [email protected] Submission Motion for Summary Judgment Yes, the Filer previously made its initial disclosures pursuant to Trademark Rule 2.120(a); OR the motion for summary judgment is based on claim or issue pre- clusion, or lack of jurisdiction. The deadline for pretrial disclosures for the first testimony period as originally set or reset: 07/20/2018 Filer's Name Pamela S Chestek Filer's email [email protected] Signature /Pamela S Chestek/ Date 12/11/2017 Attachments Motion for SJ on affirmative defenses-signed.pdf(756280 bytes ) Kuhn-Declara- tion_summary-judgment_as-submitted_reduced-size-signed.pdf(2181238 bytes ) Sandler-declara- tion_summary-judgment_as-submitted-reduced-size-signed.pdf(1777273 bytes ) Chestek declaration_summary-judgment-signed-with-exhibits.pdf(2003142 bytes ) IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE BEFORE THE TRADEMARK TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD In the Mater of Registraion No. 4212971 Mark: SOFTWARE FREEDOM CONSERVANCY Registraion date: September 25, 2012 Sotware Freedom Law Center Peiioner, v. Cancellaion No. 92066968 Sotware Freedom Conservancy Registrant. RESPONDENT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ON ITS AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSES Introducion The Peiioner, Sotware Freedom Law Center (“SFLC”), is a provider of legal services. It had the idea to create an independent enity that would ofer inancial and administraive services for free and open source sotware projects.
  • IJIRT | Volume 2 Issue 6 | ISSN: 2349-6002

    IJIRT | Volume 2 Issue 6 | ISSN: 2349-6002

    © November 2015 | IJIRT | Volume 2 Issue 6 | ISSN: 2349-6002 .Net Surbhi Bhardwaj Dronacharya College of Engineering Khentawas, Haryana INTRODUCTION as smartphones. Additionally, .NET Micro .NET Framework (pronounced dot net) is Framework is targeted at severely resource- a software framework developed by Microsoft that constrained devices. runs primarily on Microsoft Windows. It includes a large class library known as Framework Class Library (FCL) and provides language WHAT IS THE .NET FRAMEWORK? interoperability(each language can use code written The .NET Framework is a new and revolutionary in other languages) across several programming platform created by Microsoft for languages. Programs written for .NET Framework developingapplications. execute in a software environment (as contrasted to hardware environment), known as Common It is a platform for application developers. Language Runtime (CLR), an application virtual It is a Framework that supports Multiple machine that provides services such as Language and Cross language integration. security, memory management, and exception handling. FCL and CLR together constitute .NET IT has IDE (Integrated Development Framework. Environment). FCL provides user interface, data access, database Framework is a set of utilities or can say connectivity, cryptography, web building blocks of your application system. application development, numeric algorithms, .NET Framework provides GUI in a GUI and network communications. Programmers manner. produce software by combining their own source code with .NET Framework and other libraries. .NET is a platform independent but with .NET Framework is intended to be used by most new help of Mono Compilation System (MCS). applications created for the Windows platform. MCS is a middle level interface. Microsoft also produces an integrated development .NET Framework provides interoperability environment largely for .NET software called Visual between languages i.e.
  • Ethereal Developer's Guide Draft 0.0.2 (15684) for Ethereal 0.10.11

    Ethereal Developer's Guide Draft 0.0.2 (15684) for Ethereal 0.10.11

    Ethereal Developer's Guide Draft 0.0.2 (15684) for Ethereal 0.10.11 Ulf Lamping, Ethereal Developer's Guide: Draft 0.0.2 (15684) for Ethere- al 0.10.11 by Ulf Lamping Copyright © 2004-2005 Ulf Lamping Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU General Public License, Version 2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. All logos and trademarks in this document are property of their respective owner. Table of Contents Preface .............................................................................................................................. vii 1. Foreword ............................................................................................................... vii 2. Who should read this document? ............................................................................... viii 3. Acknowledgements ................................................................................................... ix 4. About this document .................................................................................................. x 5. Where to get the latest copy of this document? ............................................................... xi 6. Providing feedback about this document ...................................................................... xii I. Ethereal Build Environment ................................................................................................14 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................15
  • A Compiler Front-End for the WOOL Parallelization Library

    A Compiler Front-End for the WOOL Parallelization Library

    A compiler front-end for the WOOL Parallelization library GEORGIOS VARISTEAS KTH Information and Communication Technology Master of Science Thesis Stockholm, Sweden 2010 TRITA-ICT-EX-2010:291 Royal Institute of Technology A compiler front-end for the WOOL Parallelization library Georgios Varisteas yorgos(@)kth.se 15 October, 2010 A master thesis project conducted at Examiner: Mats Brorsson Supervisor: Karl-Filip Faxén Abstract WOOL is a C parallelization library developed at SICS by Karl-Filip Faxén. It provides the tools for develop- ing fine grained independent task based parallel applications. This library is distinguished from other similar projects by being really fast and light; it manages to spawn and synchronize tasks in under 20 cycles. However, all software development frameworks which expose radically new functionality to a programming language, gain a lot by having a compiler to encapsulate and implement them. WOOL does not differ from this category. This project is about the development of a source-to-source compiler for the WOOL parallelization library, supporting an extension of the C language with new syntax that implements the WOOL API, transform- ing it and eventually outputting GNU C code. Additionally, this compiler is augmented with a wrapper script that performs compilation to machine code by using GCC. This script is configurable and fully automatic. The main advantage gained from this project is to satisfy the need for less overhead in software development with WOOL. The simplified syntax results in faster and more economical code writing while being less error- prone. Moreover, this compiler enables the future addition of many more features not applicable with the current state of WOOL as a library.
  • Linux Boot Loaders Compared

    Linux Boot Loaders Compared

    Linux Boot Loaders Compared L.C. Benschop May 29, 2003 Copyright c 2002, 2003, L.C. Benschop, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. Per- mission is granted to make verbatim copies of this document. This is version 1.1 which has some minor corrections. Contents 1 introduction 2 2 How Boot Loaders Work 3 2.1 What BIOS does for us . 3 2.2 Parts of a boot loader . 6 2.2.1 boot sector program . 6 2.2.2 second stage of boot loader . 7 2.2.3 Boot loader installer . 8 2.3 Loading the operating system . 8 2.3.1 Loading the Linux kernel . 8 2.3.2 Chain loading . 10 2.4 Configuring the boot loader . 10 3 Example Installations 11 3.1 Example root file system and kernel . 11 3.2 Linux Boot Sector . 11 3.3 LILO . 14 3.4 GNU GRUB . 15 3.5 SYSLINUX . 18 3.6 LOADLIN . 19 3.7 Where Can Boot Loaders Live . 21 1 4 RAM Disks 22 4.1 Living without a RAM disk . 22 4.2 RAM disk devices . 23 4.3 Loading a RAM disk at boot time . 24 4.4 The initial RAM disk . 24 5 Making Diskette Images without Diskettes 25 6 Hard Disk Installation 26 7 CD-ROM Installation 29 8 Conclusions 31 1 introduction If you use Linux on a production system, you will only see it a few times a year. If you are a hobbyist who compiles many kernels or who uses many operating systems, you may see it several times per day.
  • Paradise Lost , Book III, Line 18

    Paradise Lost , Book III, Line 18

    _Paradise Lost_, book III, line 18 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ++++++++++Hacker's Encyclopedia++++++++ ===========by Logik Bomb (FOA)======== <http://www.xmission.com/~ryder/hack.html> ---------------(1997- Revised Second Edition)-------- ##################V2.5################## %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% "[W]atch where you go once you have entered here, and to whom you turn! Do not be misled by that wide and easy passage!" And my Guide [said] to him: "That is not your concern; it is his fate to enter every door. This has been willed where what is willed must be, and is not yours to question. Say no more." -Dante Alighieri _The Inferno_, 1321 Translated by John Ciardi Acknowledgments ---------------------------- Dedicated to all those who disseminate information, forbidden or otherwise. Also, I should note that a few of these entries are taken from "A Complete List of Hacker Slang and Other Things," Version 1C, by Casual, Bloodwing and Crusader; this doc started out as an unofficial update. However, I've updated, altered, expanded, re-written and otherwise torn apart the original document, so I'd be surprised if you could find any vestiges of the original file left. I think the list is very informative; it came out in 1990, though, which makes it somewhat outdated. I also got a lot of information from the works listed in my bibliography, (it's at the end, after all the quotes) as well as many miscellaneous back issues of such e-zines as _Cheap Truth _, _40Hex_, the _LOD/H Technical Journals_ and _Phrack Magazine_; and print magazines such as _Internet Underground_, _Macworld_, _Mondo 2000_, _Newsweek_, _2600: The Hacker Quarterly_, _U.S. News & World Report_, _Time_, and _Wired_; in addition to various people I've consulted.
  • Free Software Foundation, Inc

    Free Software Foundation, Inc

    Comment Regarding a Proposed Exemption Under 17 U.S.C. 1201 Item 1. Commenter Information Donald Robertson, III Free Software Foundation, Inc. 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor Boston, MA 02110-1335 [email protected] This comment is filed by the Free Software Foundation, a charitable corporation founded in 1985. The Foundation is the largest single contributor to the GNU operating system (used widely today in its GNU/Linux variant). The Foundation's GNU General Public License is the most widely used free software license, covering major components of the GNU operating system and tens of thousands of other computer programs used on hundreds of millions of computers around the world. Item 2. Proposed Class Addressed Class 7: 7(a) Motion Pictures—Text and Data Mining 7(b) Literary Works—Text and Data Mining Item 3. Statement Regarding Proposed Exemption The GNU/Linux operating system has become one of the most widely used operating systems on the planet. The GNU System and the kernel Linux are called free software because users are free to study, share, and improve the software. Those who promote free software believe that controlling one’s own computing should be a universal right. Digital restrictions interfere with the ability to enjoy these freedoms. Circumventing such restrictions for any use should not come with the threat of legal sanction. The process of continually applying for exemptions under 17 U.S.C. 1201 is onerous and instead any circumvention for a non-infringing purpose should be permitted. However, where exemptions are used to safeguard the public from these laws, it must be the case that exemptions should cover the sharing and distribution of software and instructions for circumventing access control technologies.
  • NET Framework

    NET Framework

    Advanced Windows Programming .NET Framework based on: A. Troelsen, Pro C# 2005 and .NET 2.0 Platform, 3rd Ed., 2005, Apress J. Richter, Applied .NET Frameworks Programming, 2002, MS Press D. Watkins et al., Programming in the .NET Environment, 2002, Addison Wesley T. Thai, H. Lam, .NET Framework Essentials, 2001, O’Reilly D. Beyer, C# COM+ Programming, M&T Books, 2001, chapter 1 Krzysztof Mossakowski Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science http://www.mini.pw.edu.pl/~mossakow Advanced Windows Programming .NET Framework - 2 Contents The most important features of .NET Assemblies Metadata Common Type System Common Intermediate Language Common Language Runtime Deploying .NET Runtime Garbage Collection Serialization Krzysztof Mossakowski Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science http://www.mini.pw.edu.pl/~mossakow Advanced Windows Programming .NET Framework - 3 .NET Benefits In comparison with previous Microsoft’s technologies: Consistent programming model – common OO programming model Simplified programming model – no error codes, GUIDs, IUnknown, etc. Run once, run always – no "DLL hell" Simplified deployment – easy to use installation projects Wide platform reach Programming language integration Simplified code reuse Automatic memory management (garbage collection) Type-safe verification Rich debugging support – CLR debugging, language independent Consistent method failure paradigm – exceptions Security – code access security Interoperability – using existing COM components, calling Win32 functions Krzysztof
  • GNU MP the GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library Edition 6.2.1 14 November 2020

    GNU MP the GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library Edition 6.2.1 14 November 2020

    GNU MP The GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library Edition 6.2.1 14 November 2020 by Torbj¨ornGranlund and the GMP development team This manual describes how to install and use the GNU multiple precision arithmetic library, version 6.2.1. Copyright 1991, 1993-2016, 2018-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover Texts being \A GNU Manual", and with the Back-Cover Texts being \You have freedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software". A copy of the license is included in Appendix C [GNU Free Documentation License], page 132. i Table of Contents GNU MP Copying Conditions :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1 1 Introduction to GNU MP ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 2 1.1 How to use this Manual :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 2 2 Installing GMP ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 3 2.1 Build Options:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 3 2.2 ABI and ISA :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 8 2.3 Notes for Package Builds:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 11 2.4 Notes for Particular Systems :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 12 2.5 Known Build Problems ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 14 2.6 Performance
  • 1 United States District Court Eastern

    1 United States District Court Eastern

    Case 2:02-cv-02748-DRH-MLO Document 829 Filed 03/17/09 Page 1 of 85 PageID #: <pageID> UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT EASTERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - X CA, INC., Plaintiff, MEMORANDUM & ORDER 02 Civ. 2748 (DRH) (MLO) - against - UNDER SEAL SIMPLE.COM, INC., WIRED SOLUTIONS, LLC., a revoked Nevada LLC, Defendants. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - X APPEARANCES: COVINGTON & BURLING Attorneys for Plaintiff One Front Street San Francisco, California 94111 By: Samuel F. Ernst, Esq., Robert D. Fram, Esq., Michael M. Markman, Esq., & Leonard Joseph Martiniak, Esq. FARRELL FRITZ, P.C. Attorneys for Defendants EAB Plaza West Tower-14th Floor Uniondale, New York 11556 By: Stephen J. Smirti, Jr., Esq., John P. McEntee, Esq., & Celeste M. Butera, Esq. FULBRIGHT & JAWORSKI LLP Attorneys for Defendants 666 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10103-3198 By: John E. Lynch, Esq. & Joseph P. Zammit, Esq. RIVKIN RADLER LLP Attorneys for Defendants EAB Plaza Uniondale, New York 11556 By: Celeste M. Butera, Esq. & Stephen J. Smirti, Jr., Esq. 1 Case 2:02-cv-02748-DRH-MLO Document 829 Filed 03/17/09 Page 2 of 85 PageID #: <pageID> GALE R. PETERSON, ESQ. Special Master 112 E. Pecan Street Suite 1800 San Antonio, Texas 78205 HURLEY, Senior District Judge: INTRODUCTION Plaintiff CA Inc. (“CA), formerly known as Computer Associates International Inc. commenced this action seeking a declaratory judgment that three patents owned by Defendants, Simple.com, Inc. and Wired Solutions, LLC (collectively “Simple”) are invalid, unenforceable, and not infringed by CA. Simple has counterclaimed for infringement. Presently before the Court is CA’s Motion for Summary Judgment of Invalidity Under 35 U.S.C.