News, Vol. 28, No. 2

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Alternative title Zimbabwe News Author/Creator Zimbabwe African National Union Publisher Zimbabwe African National Union (Maputo, ) Date 1997-02-00 Resource type Magazines (Periodicals) Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) Zimbabwe Coverage (temporal) 1997 Source Northwestern University Libraries, L968.91005 Z711 v.28 Rights By kind permission of ZANU, the Zimbabwe African National Union Patriotic Front. Description Editorial: Challenges for the youth. Cover Story: Mugabe at 73. National News: Fight against rape. From poverty to self sustenance. Dairy Co-op prospers. Features: Ups and downs for mine workers. Cotton boom could be shortlived. Viewpoint: Foreign Aid is not capital. Investment. I Write As I Like: Towards an all encompassing indigenisation effort. Health: Vaccine being made to combat TB. Regional File: Electoral Commissioners meet in . International News: Third World hit by fake drugs. DPRK's position remains unchanged. Books: Coming on strong. Sport: Life story of Dynamos. Format extent 28 page(s) (length/size)

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FixNu PP Unit. PoSce and Oevelopmei 7Zimbabwe News Official Organ of ZANU PF Department of Information and Publicit,. 144 Union Avenue, Harare Tel: 790148 Volure 28, No, 2 1997, Registered a he G.PO as a Newspaer FEBRUARY 1997 $2.50 (incl. sales tax)

Zimbabwe News Official Organ of ZANU PF Contents Editorial Cover Story National News Features Viewpoint I Write As I Like Health Regional File International News Books Sport Challenges for the youth ...... 2 M ugabe at 71 ...... 3 Fight against rape ...... 6 From poverty to self sustenance ...... 7 Dairy Co-op prospers ...... 6 Lips and downs for m ine workers ...... 9 Cotton boom could he shortlived ...... ; ...... Foreign Aid is not capital inveAment ...... S.5 Towards an all encompassing indigenisation effort ...... 12 Vaccine being made to combat TB ...... 13 Electoral Commissioners meet in Hatrare ...... 15 Third .W orld hit by fake drugs ...... 17 DPRK's position remains unchanged ...... 18 Com ing on strong ...... 20 Life story of Dynamos ...... 22 Zimbabwe News is the official organ of the Zimbabwe African National Union ZANU PF and is produced on the authority of the Central Committee by the Department of Information and Publicity. Jongwe Printing and Publishing Co., No. 14 Austin Road, Workington, Harare World Copyright, Central Committee (ZANU PF) Editorial Council: Cde. N.M. Shamuyarra, Cde. C.C. Chimutengwende. Cde. C. Ndhlovu, Cde. S. Kachingwe, Cde. A. Sikhosana7luaAr,' m.-W VOL.- 9R NO- 2

Editorial Challenges for the youth The youth of Zimbabwe today face many many challenges, and problems. They need all the strength they can muster in order to face those challenges, and to surmount the problems. But, the greatest challenge of all is that they will be the political, economic, and cultural leaders of our country in the 21 st century which is just around the comer. Within three short years we will be in a new century, a new millennium. In that millennium, the destiny of our people will be in the hands of the present generation of youth. They are seeing the end of a century that has been dominated by violence in two world wars and numerous limited wars. They have also seen a century dominated by colonialism and racism. But, they have also seen the golden pages of the history of resistance and struggle for freedom and independence written by the blood of their own parents and patriots. Zimbabwe is independent for ever. Problems and conflicts may arise, mistakes made, but our sovereignty and independence as a nation can never be taken away from us again. The 21st February Movement reminds us of the burden that history has placed on the shoulders of the Zimbabwean youth today: To defend the gains that were made by our people in this century. The youth of today need large reserves of moral courage to be able to face the problems they will come accross. The most serious one is the AIDS epidemic which is taking away many of the young men and women at the prime of their lives. The hope is that researchers will find medical cures in due course, but the real cure is the maintenance of high moral standards in our society. Our own traditional societies were an example of the accepted behaviour among the youth of both sexes. The problems of the AIDS epidemic have been -aggravated by deepening poverty and social deprivation, especially in the years of very severe droughts. It is not easy to come up with one solution to the many socio-economic problems facing the youth today. But, the one essential tool that all youth must have is eduation. It must be the type of education that gives one skills to work and earn a living in a rapidly changing society such as ours. From the very first day of independence, the President and First Secretary, Comrade R.G. Mugabe, insisted that every Zimbabwean child of school-going age must go to school. He knew that education was indispensable in the new Zimbabwe. Developed and industrialised countries are still giving high priority to the education of their citizens. We need it even more in order to put our feet on the first rungs of the ladder of development In the economic field, the challenges to the African continent as a whole, are also formidable. Our region of Southern Africa is now prone to droughts, and certain parts are threatened with desertification. Frequent world recessions, and soaring inflation, put very heavy burdens on our economies. Our goods are fetching less and less money on the money markets, while services are becoming more expensive. Again, there is no one solution to these problems. But, a realistic strategy for breaking out of this vicious circle of poverty, should include rapid industrialisation, and building the African economic community on the basis of the Abuja Treaty. Therefore, the youth should acquire skills in the hard sciences to prepare them for a role in industrial production. But, they should also be pan-Africanists who look on other Africans as their brothers and sisters. if we want to increase trade between African states, we must be pan-Africanists. Although there are many problems facing our society and our country, we are entering the new millennium with one decisive advantage of political power in our hands. Having that power is important for the very existence and survival of any nation. We now have the power to shape our economy, and our structures of both local and central government as we see fit. The democratic system that we have initiated and maintained over the last 17 years ensures that leaders are accountable to the people, and no arbitrary action can be taken against any person. The Bill of Rights is enshrined in the constitution, the rule of law maintained, and pluralism is the norm. The youth of today must internalise the social values that uphold these institutions, and they must be ready to defend them in the national interest. The 21 st February Movement is the vehicle both for the youth to take part in creating national institutions, and upholding the social values of our society. 71MRARWF NFWA VflI 9A Nn 9

Mugabe at 73 21st February Movement turns eleven By Zvenyika Kambizi Last year at 72: Cde. Robert Gabriel Mugabe gets ready for the parry as a member of the 21st February Movement ties his scarf February 21, marks President Robert Gabriel Mugabe's 73rd birthday. On this occasion, the 21 st February Movement, launched in honour of the President's esteemed leadership qualities celebrates. its eleventh anniversary. he President, born of Gabriel and Bona in 1924 at Kutama Mission in the Zvimba communal lands, en tered full-time politics in 1960 and rose through the ranks to become the'leader of ZANU in 1977. He led the Party to a resounding victory in the first ever non-racial and democratic elections in 1980 to become Zimbabwe's Prime Minister. Cde. Mugabe also became the country's first Executive President seven years later, in 1987. Amongst his most memorable achievements were the policy of national reconciliation enunciated upon the attainment of national independence and the Unity Accord signed between ZANU (PF) and PF ZAPU in December, 1987. Honour It was due to Cde. Mugabe's heroic commitment to the liberation of Zimbabwe from colonial rule; his truly revolutionary leadership and vision in the postcolonial period that the ZANU PF Youth ,League leadership at the time (1986), ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 28 NO. 2 conceptualised the 21 st February Movement in his honour. The Youth League leadership then comprised comrades Ernest Kadungure (national secretary), Charles Ndhlovu, Kenneth Bute, John Madzinga and Ephraim Masawi, to name but a few. Over the years since 1986, the Movement's celebrations have been marked by calls to the boys and girls (under-15) to emulate the examplary personality of the President which cuts across tribal, regional, religious and racial groupings. That they carry on with the revolutionary spirit so amply demonstrated by Cde. Mugabe as they (youths) grow into adulthood. For, only with the desire to emulate his dedication and unflinching -courage in executing national duties, can the youths be able to free the country from ramnants of colonialism and lead the nation to total economic independence and prosperity. Early days Cde. Robert Gabriel Mugabe received his early education in Zvimba, qualifying as a primary school teacher in 1941. He taught at Kutama the following year but soon moved to Mapanzure, Shabani (Zvishavane) and Empandeni Mission in Matebeleland. In 1946, he went to Hope Fountain Mission and taught there for four years while privately studying for his Matriculation Certificate before leaving for Fort Hare University in South Africa. Here, he graduated with a BA in English and History in 1951. Upon his return home, he taught at Driefontein Mission while reading for a Diploma in Education. In 1953, Cde. Mugabe took up a teaching position at Mbizi Government School in Highfield. A year later, he moved to Mambo School in Gwelo (Gweru), during which period he obtained his Bachelor of Education degree. He left the country for Northern 's (Zambia) Chalimba Training College in 1955 and taught there for almost four years. During this period, he successfully studied for a BSc in Economics with the University of London. Cde. Mugabe left for Ghana in June, 1958, where he taught at St. Mary's Teacher Training College in Takoradi. It was at this institute that he met his future first wife, Sarah Francesca Hayfron. PolItics Cde. Mugabe launched his full-time political career with the National Democratic Party as Secretary for Information and Publicity in 1960. When the NDP was banned the following year, he retained his post in the successor Party, the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) and was also acting secretarygeneral of the Party. Following the banning of ZAPU in September, 1962, he was restricted to his birthplace. However, Cde. Mugabe, who went on to be arrested for a scathing speech in Highfield in 1963, eluded the regime while on bail and left for Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania, where it was intended to establish operational headquarters of the Party in exile. While there, he managed to organise regular broadcasts to Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) from Radio Tanzania. The split in the ZAPU leadership and the subsequent formation of the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) in August 1963, saw Cde. Mugabe being elected as secretary-general but was soon arrested (1964) along with other leaders - held first at Wha Wha Detention Continued on page 5

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Mugabe at 73 Continuid from page 3 Camp before being sent to Salisbury Pri son and later Sikombela. He was kept there until November 1965 when again, he was moved to Salisbury Maximum Security Prison in the wake of the Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI). While in detention, Cde. Mugabe obtained a Bachelor of Laws and Master of Laws degrees with the University of South Africa. At the time of his release in November 1974, he was doing MSc (Economics) and Master of Education degrees while also preparing for a Ph.D. in Law. Leader It was while he was in prison that Cde. Mugabe emerged as the leader of ZANU - the majority of the Party's Executive Committee voting him into leadership in place of Rev . Following the death of Cde. Herbert Chitepo in 1975, Cde. Mugabe left Rhodesia for Mozambique where ZANU was organising headquarters of its military wing, ZANLA. On October 9, 1976, an alliance between ZANU and ZAPU was formed to coordinate the various aspects of the struggle - the Patriotic Front. It was jointly led by Cde. Mugabe and Cde. , the latter being ZAPU leader. The two led their respective delegations to the abortive Geneva Conference later that year. He opposed any constitutional scheme that did not confer substantive political power to the majority in Zimbabwe. He therefore, took the leading part in rejecting the Kissinger proposals. At the historic ZANU Congress at Chimoio in Mozambique in 1977, Cde. Mugabe's position as leader of the Party and Commander-inChief of ZANLA was formalised with his election as President of ZANU. For the next three years, Cde. Mugabe administered the-Party and superintended the armed struggle. He travelled extensively, mounting an effective diplomatic campaign for the isolation of both the and Bishop administrations while canvassing political and material support for the armed struggle at the same time. In September, 1979, he led the ZANU delegation to the Lancaster House Conference in London which was successfully concluded on December 22, the ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 28 NO. 2 ? Fe Harare Mayor, Cde. Soloion Tawengwa (left) hands a birthday gift to Cde Mugabe last year same year. He returned home on January 27, 1980 and led ZANU (PF) to a sensational victory in the first all race oneman one-vote elections - winning 57 of the 80 National Assembly seats. He was sworn-in as Prime Minister of the Republic of Zimbabwe on April 18, 1980. At the August 1984 ZANU PF Congress, Cde Mugabe was re-elected Party President and First Secretary of the Politburo, the supreme administrative body of the Central Committee. He was also reelected the same in 1989 by the First National People's Congress of the united ZANU PF in 1994 following the merger of ZANU PF and PF ZAPU in December 1987. He won the 1990 and 1995 Presidential Elections resoundingly, beating all his opponents hands down. 21st February Movement Thus is honour of Cde Mugabe's illusrious leadership, the ZANU PF Youth League hatched the 21st February Movr-nent - an organisation embracing all boys and girls from all walks of life. Important to note is the fact that the Movement, although an hiunour to the President, should remain an annual national commemoration, even upon his retirement from politics. Most observers say the 21st February should be declared a national day along with the 22nd December - the Unity Day. Besides endeavouring to prepare the children for the future whereas adults, they must reach greater heights in all their endeavours, the Youth League has been called upon by most observers to include education on HIV/AIDS, child abuse and the problem of drug trafficking in its teachings to the members of the Movement. Welcome Zimbabweans from all walks of life have applauded the decision by the ZANU PF leadership to hold the main celebrations in Bulawayo this year, a first in the history of the Movement. According to the ZANU PF Youth League leadership, the main event of the 21st February celebrations will be held in different provinces every year, underlining its national character. About 3 000 delegates were expected at this year's celebrations at the Trade Faii Grounds in Bulawayo with 10 delegates from each of the coutry's 10 political provinces. However, celebrations will be held across the country at provincial level with each administrative district sending a delegate. 0 he ZANU PF Health Department T has declared war against rapists and will now approach the subject with just as much vigour as thait accorded to its anti-AIDS awareness campaign programme. National Secretary for Health, Cde. Oppah Chamu Rushesha, stated to this magazine early in February that rape now deserved just as much attention as that given to the dreaded AIDS virus as more and more young girls were being raped as witnessed .by recent press reports. What makes the whole issue more dreadful, said Cde. Rushesha, is that the young girls were by and large, being raped by trusted members of their families -, brothers, fathers and uncles. "Moreso," she noted, "even members of the police who should act as custodians of the law have also been caught in the act." Crime rise However, a sociologist with the University of Zimbabwe, Dr. Marvellous Mhloyi, said while there could have been an increase in the commission of the crime, rape cases were now a regular feature across the media and this could well be misconstrued to reflect an upsurge in the crime rate. Nonetheless, she said, it is encouraging to note that the public and the media are discussing openly and reporting on rape cases. Dr. Mhloyi said this was indeed a positive beginning in the fight against the commission of the crime. Causative factors Dr. Mhloyi who has published a paper, Teen Socialisation, Problems and Prospects, in the USA journal, Family, mainly attributed the breakdown of the family structure to the rampant cases of rape. She said because the extended family structure has crumbled, leaving the uncles and aunts outside, the youths no longer have access to the seasoned reasoning of their uncles and aunts while their parents are uncomfortable to tell the children the way to look and understand things. As such, there is no recourse, she said. As a result, observed Dr. Mhloyi, the country was now beginning to witness cultural decadence precipitated by the National Health Secretary, Cde. 0. C. Rushesha prevailing narsh economic scenario. "Our society is getting sick and most disturbing is the fact that the youngsters themselves have become too daring, unafraid of anything at all because they are never taught about the intricacies of life as was the case before," she said. Dr. Mhloyi and Cde. Rushesha stated that some of the cases were being caused by unscrupulous traditional heal- u Dairy Co-op prospers By Ladislus Ndorc he Ruth Nyaitenga Dairy Cooperative in Uzumba-Maramba-Pfungwe which started off by growing toma toes on a small scale is now the proud owner of 13 dairy cows. The 18-member cooperative was formed in 1992 and each member contributed $20. The cooperative approached Reverend Stayfellas of the Methodist Church for financial assistance. The reverend went to the United States where he raised funds from his friends and bought four dairy cows for the cooperative. The herd has since grown to 13. Reverend Stayfellas allowed the cooperators to keep their cattle at the church farm in Nyadiri, Mutoko because the members did not have a place to keep mhe Lows. He also sent two of the group's members, Cdes. Dorcas Kachere and Elizabeth Homwe for training at Red Dern Farm in Nyanga. Members believe they are now ready to operate on their own and were going to translocate the cattle to bzumba last January. The cooperative has already built a milking pen and fenced five hectares of land at Tamutsa Business Centre at a cost of $11 174, 18. The chairperson of the venture, Cde. Rose Mhlanga, said they received. a $10 000 grant from the Ministry of National Affairs, Employment Creation and Cooperatives and the balance was raised from members. Grass for the cattle has already been planted in Uzumba. 0 ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 28 NO. 2 National News E *Fig gains ape BY Zvenvika Kainbizi ers who advise desperate people, ill or in business, to do such things as sleeping with virgin girls - mostly, their own children. This, they said, was being done by both men apd women although the former accounts for the bigger part of the total percentage of the crime. Solution Cde. Rushesha stated that her department will go all out to educate people through workshops, on some of the preventive measures which would include ensuring that their young children are not left unattended or go anywhere unattended. The measures will also encourage parents not to leave their children with suspicious people even if they were close relatives. Asked whether imprisonment would deter would-be rapists or change the attitudes of rapists, Dr. Mhloyi said "you can take someone toljail but if the situation in the home remains unchanged, rape would remain a problem in the society.". Because in the past, rape cases went mostly unreported, there is virtually no statistics in the country to show the trend but the general opinion is that the crime is on the rise. From poverty to self-sustenance or. many. villagers in the, Musana communal area, 60kms northeast oftHarare, bee-keeping is a lifeline. The seasonal sale of their maize harvest to the marketing boards provides a substantial income but, marketing of honey is the mainstay of their livelihood for the greater part of the year. After years of trial and error, the villagers finally grasped the technics of bee-keeping - thanks to the expertise of former Volunteer (UNV) field worker, Mauritian Soobrayen. "The people had been trying their luck at bee-keeping for years without success. It was after we had requested for the secondment of an expert (Soobrayen) from the Pareicipatory Development Resources Centre for Africa (PDRCA) in 1985 that we started to make remarkable headway into this business," said Cde Apolonia Chonera, a field worker with the Zimbabwe Women's Bureau who has been working with the local community since 1982. Cde Chonera said the villagers were taught how to capture bees from the bush and construction of hives such as the Kenya Top Bar. Soobrayen lived and worked with the villagers for four years until the expiry of his contract in 1989. But the project he had helped off the ground did not die with his departure. Some members of the Kupfuma Ishungu which he helped into business later on passed the knowledge gained from the UNV worker to others in a nearby village, Resultantly, a new group, Makadzombo, was formed and is now doing remarkably well. Each of the 15 members of the new group has five hives. The honey is harvested twice to four times a year, bottled and sold at 27 cents per millilitre. About Z$20 000 is realised from honey sales by the new group every year enough to send their children to school as well as meet other needs. "We use some of the money to -supplement our familial nutritional diet," said one member, a Cde Tecla Tsikira. It is the intention of the groups tb construct more hives as they are failing to .- meet the demand for more honey orders from their main customer - the nearby Henderson Research Institute. ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 28 NO. 2 " ',-. By Wiason Daika Besides bee-keeping, other ventures such as garment sewing are being undertaken by a 15-member Group based at Makumbe Mission and, a brickmoulding project have also been started. The sewing group has been contracted by the local secondary school to supply uniforms and it realises up to Z$85 000 every year for the venture. The group was formed in 1982 and received initial fynding from the Nowergian People's Aid organisation. As a further step- towards selfsustenance, an ambrella body, Wadzanai Co-ordinating Committee, chaired by Cde Chonera, has been formed to coordinate all developmental projects in the area. The Committee is in the process of.constructing a. big hall at Makumbe where a soap-making group, Zvichanaka, as well as a women's carpentry and oilextraction plant from sunower seed will be housed. The oil-extraction group buys their sunflower seeds from the local community who are also the consumers of the finished product. This creates a two-way working relationship which is translating into all-round development of the area. "We ao intend to establish a revolving furjd to cater for people in the Musana, Masembura and Chinamora catchment areas who may lack capital to embark on income-generating ventures," Cde Chonera said. Fish-keeping and ostrich rearing projects are future plans and some members of the Wadzanai Group have already been to Kariba on a fact-finding mission in preparation for the fish farming project "We are satisfied with the progress we made so far and we have managed to sustain the project each time donor aid comes to an end," commented Cue Chonera whose other tasks include identifying areas in need of donor funding and to conduct workshops and on-thespot training programmes. She also evaluates the success of each project in the atea Witi a View-to effecting improvement where and when the situation so requires. At present, efforts are underway to talk the Domestic Development Service (DDS) into providing a technical expert who would teach the various project members managerial skills so that the ventures can really become commmercial success stories. 0 For News behind the headlines, get a copy of Zimbabwe News every month.

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Ups and downs for mine workers By Noel Bwanakale in Acturus nlike the colonial past when legislation on employment was tailored to favour the minority, considerable and praiseworthy efforts have been realised in the mining industry. However, the general consensus amongst the mine workers is that there is now dragging of feet which in some cases is at variance with the dynamic socio-economic and political development levels. Medium and small scale operations are far behind with regards to the provision of better conditions of living and wages while there is still room for improvement at larger mines. Independence With the advent of independence in 1980, quite a number of mining companies like Lonrho and Rio Tinto embarked on ambitious community development programmes in line with the government's policy of social justice. Decent housing at fair and economic rent was a common feature with reasonable access to a basic health delivery system. Education was also made a priority and recreational facilities put in place. Also revisited for improvement were employer-worker labour relations, occupational safety, wages and salaries. Now, 16 years after indepenaence, companies that have not done as above are finding it difficult to cope up hence the dragging of feet. The result: indecent housing, unfavourable workermanagement relations, low wages and environmentally unfriendly set-ups among other issues. Housing While the high income group which constitutes employees in managerial capacities have registered little or no concern at all over the housing issue, the low income group is utterly disturbed. They say the size, type and shape of the buildings leave a lot to be desired. According to a survey conducted by this writer, indications are that the ordinary worker occupies a house far too small to accommodate the ever growing families. The structures which are old beg for urgent attention: toilets, showers and laundry facilities are shared amongst families. Due to the large user numbers, facilities have been overstretched often resulting in unhygienic sanitary situations. ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 28 NO. 2 An aerial view of one of the mining compounds belonging to a co-op venture somewhere in Zimbabwe At several mines, firewood, paraffin and be designated rent-free- due to their coal are widely used as the houses are dilapidated state in line with the govemby-and- large unelectrified. Families are ment's call in 1983 to declare all houses squeezed in single quarters while prepa- built before 1963 rent-free at all mines. ration of food is sometimes done in open Overally, housing woes have seen an inspace. crease in the number of unsightly An underground lasher at an established makeshift structures serving as extengold mine in Kadoma had this to say: sions for bathrooms and kitchens in the "We are aware that better housing is not - high density compounds. Needless to an overnight undertaking but we should say this development is potentially at least, have access to better sanitary hazardous to the health of the worker facilities." upon whom the mines rely for survival. At another mine which has long been in operation in Mashonaland Central, employees expressed concern over the model and size of the houses which they lambasted for being tiny and tin-made. They said this presents difficulties under different weather conditions. An employee at a mine just 34kmbut of Harare reacted angrily that sleeping arrangements presented headaches every night. The problem, he said, was even more acute each time they had visitors, He said the company was now slowing down its efforts towards the provision of decent housing after an encouraging start. Soon after 1980, the general trend was that each time the government adjusted minimum wages, mine authorities would raise rent. Today, some workers are suggesting that some houses should Secretary general for the Association of Mine Workers, Cde. Edmund Ruzive, said while high income earners enjoyed excellent accommodation, it was his organisation's wish to see to it that the same generosity was extended to the ordinary worker. Employers were urged to speed up efforts to provide decent house for all, particularly those in the small and medium scale operations where the conditions of the worker are almost horrible. Cde. Ruzive said investigations at small and medium scale mines have revealed that in some cases, housing was in pole and dagga huts and that there were no schools and clinics to talk about. In this respect, the Mine Workers Association has approached employers, banks *Continued on next page

Uips and downs for mine workers *Continued from previous page and Mining Industry Pension Fund to try and see if the worker could remain a proud home owner in cases of shutdowns or upon retirement. Such a project has been undertaken by the Hartley Platinum project which represents the largest single mining venture in the country. Health and Education Reasonable efforts have been in the field of health. Most large mines do run clinics and in some instances, hospitals. Generally, the fees are fair and economic with the institutions administered by ideal personnel. However, there are isolated cases that mirror a negative image. Allegations are rife that some of these health institutions are understaffed, prompting some nurse aids to partake obligations of qualified nurses. Maltreatment of patients has been reported, forcing some people into demonstrations. Another priority area for the mining sector has been the provision of schools to employees and their families. Although largely run on shoe-string budgets, schools have been made available at most big mines, at least up to the ordinary level. Funding of the schools has been tasked mostly to development committees with some companies providing assistance from time to time but the employees generally feel that there should be more financial support from the employers. Creches and adult classes are also a common set up at several of these mines. However, while fees are subsided at secondary school level, quite a number parents find it hard to cope especialy when they have more than one child attending these schools. A teacher at Brompton Mine in Kadoma summed it up: "Fees at mine schools are relatively cheaper but they are usually run without even some basic necessities such as libraries and laboratories. If the environment is not enabling, then the results are least encouraging." Recreation facilities A major concern cited by several workers in the mining sector was lack of rec- treational facilities. Where they have been provided, they have failed to match the ever-increasing demand. While mine-based social clubs offer sport facilities such as tennis, darts, volleyball, et cetera and are mostly oversubscribed, the charges are largely said to be prohibitive for the ordinary employee. A commonly accessible and manageable recreational set up remains the community beerhall and soccer stadium. A youth at Acturus Mine reacted: "If one is neither for the beer nor football, then he or she ought to move away from the mine in search of diverse recreational facilities." Environment Most interviewees from around Mashonaland West registered concern over the increasing noisy and dusty levels at mining sites and compounds. Mining communities have been a cause of concern for environmental groups like the Natural Resources Board who have encouraged the growing of gum trees as *Continued on next page Underground mine workers going through one ef their everyday assignments ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 28 NO. 2

Cotton boom could be short-lived l y liambavi Nvika Meso family memnbers of Makore area it, Gokwe btusy picking cotton he current agricultural success Zimbabwe's Midlands district of Gokwe is enjoying is likely to be short-lived unless communal farmers adopt positive changes to land use plans. Ups and downs for mine workers *Continued from previous page dressage around mine dumps. Indiscriminate dumping of litter, lidles refuse dustbihs and the use of untreated sewage to water gardens are a common practice amongst mining environments, Labour relations Working relations in the mining industry have steadily improved. In 1980, the government encouraged the formation of workers committees at most mines. This was a positive move as it keeps workers informed of management policy and intentions. Colonialist legislation was oriented to benefit the minority but presently, worker- management relations have improved. Cases have, however, been reported of authorities abusing, victimising and suspending workers on baseless allegations while some workers' committees do little or nothing to defend the unfortunate colleagues. Some underground workers are mostly assigned to night shifts that are done till ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 28 NO. 2 one manages to set production targets. Overtime is sometimes unpaid for and it is when workers' committee members stand up against such practices that they are in turn, victimised. A trade unionist in the mining sector commented: "Labour relations have become more complex with the advent of the economic reform programme. Job evaluations, appraisals and incentive structures have become part of the job -scenario. Yet some companies appear to be at a loss on how or are simply reluctant tolimplement these new labour principles." Remuneration Workers nave seen some increases in the wage and salary structures with some being awarded bonuses monthly and yearly. Given the above analysis, it is clear that much has been done for the mine worker but generally speaking, much more still needs to be done. Hopefully, it will be done. El Chiefs, farmers and experts predict an ecological disaster in the district whose cotton farming has lifted most communal farmers out of poverty and under- development. While over a decade of intensive cotton farming has created a financial windfall for most farmers, poor land management skills and massive land pressure has begun to take its toll on the fragile soils of the once sparsely populated district. The benefits of cotton growing are evident in the number of decent brickunder-tile housing that are sprouting all over, progressively replacing the pole, mud and thatching huts. More service centres are emerging as some farmers graduate into enterpreneurship. Livestock population is increasing while acquisition of modern farming equipment like cultivators and tractors, which were a dream a few years ago, are finding their way into the district. The trappings of luxury are also creeping in as fully furnished solar-powered homes, radio and television sets, even cars are now basics for some of the more successful communal farmers. However, the incentive for growing cot*Continued on next page

[IWrteA IILike~ riftmbef Towards an all encompassing indigenisation effort ne of the most talked about and often printed word in the young life of our country is INDIGENISA TION. On the 14th May 1980, then President Cannan Banana, told the nation that in terms of Section 75(2) of the Constitution of Zimbabwe, he would give general directions of policy-to the Public Service Commission to ensure that the accelerated advancement of blacks in the Public Service is carried out in accordance with government wishes. On the day the former President spoke, Zimbabwe had about 2*3 000 whites including Asians and and about 7 300 000 Africans. At the time only four blacks had obtained the grade of Assistant Secretary or its equivalent while handful of whites exercised an unfettered monopoly in virtually all the various senior positions in the Government Bureaucracy. But not for long. The Presidential Directive (PD) worked. By July 1981, the Civil Services that con- *Continued from-previous page. ton has led to farmers expanding into those areas unsuitable for cotton growing, which is what most of Gokwe is, leading to the disappearance of the dense forests and permanent water supplies that attracted people only two decades ago. These have been replaced by overgrazed and over-used land, silted dams and rivers and, gaping gulleys whose negative impact will be difficult to reverse. Major rivers like Lutope, Sengwa and Bopoma which cut across the district have now been reduced to sand beds. The advent of modern houses has also led to numerous pits which are not rehabilitated as people mould bricks. These eventually expand during rainy seasons. "There is no doubt that cotton has created money for the people but this is at the expense of a ve,-y fragile ecology while people have improved their lives. Gokwe is a future ecological disaster," says Robert Marapira, a businessman and farmer. Elias Goto, a district agricultural extension officer, says the rush by farmers to sisted of 56 442 men and women in established posts had been effectively indigenised with 85 % of decision making positions occupied by black Zimbabweans. As the public Service rose to 161 000 members by August 1988, largely owing to inclusion of teachers, blacks were in control of about 98% of the decision making positions in the bureaucracy. However, lest we forget, during the implementation process of the PD, whites complained of being marginalised and a lot resigned to avoid reporting to newly emerging black seniors. Government had still to contend with aspiring blacks who felt that the implementation of the PD, which was largely gradual to avoid a revolutionary approach, was too slow. Nevertheless, studies carried out and the situation on the ground confirm that the PD was a useful and stabibilising policy measure for the Public Sector as the application also covered local authorities and parastatals. make quick money through cotton, now known as white gold, has overlooked the need for appropriate land use plans. The problems for Agritex in Gokwe are compounded by the fact that people initially settle haphazardly and a proper settlement plan is now bound to be resisted by the farmers if there is no compensation for them. "Broadly speaking, we have sandy soils which are not suitable for cotton. This has been compounded by haphazard settlements with people out to have big pieces of land indiscriminately cutting down trees and exposing the soil to erosion," he said. Gokwe now contributes about 60 percent of the nation's cotton output and its high market price has spurred even the smallest farmer to master the art of growing the million dollar crop that was previously a preserve of mostly white commercial farmers who had the backing of modern farming implements. Marapira recalls that two decades ago, Gokwe, now with a population of 400 000 (about 16-35 people per square km), was a vast land with dense forests infested with all types of wildlife species and perenially flowing rivers which have since disappeared. r . it has been established that quite a substantial number of the whites who left Government but remained in the country secured influenced positions in the Private Sector. Those have been some of the people who have not been amenable to calls by Government to shed part of their shareholding to black Zimbabweans. This category of industrialists cannot be persuaded by the power of reason but can only be overcome by the force of law. This is in spite of the fact that indigenous equity partnership is the ultmate solution to sustained economic growth, social and cultural development and political stabilEy. It is for this reason that the ZANU PF Second National People's Conference agreed in Bulawayo on the 14th December 1996 to expedite the global implementation of the indigenisation effort. All party cadres have the national duty to focus their interest on the indigenisation thrust by looking at how best this instrument can be applied to improve conditions of life in their local communities. While it is expected to await for well thought out solutions from the First Secretary and President of the party. Cde Robert Gabriel Mugabe, the Politburo and Central Committee it is not good enough to always look for inspiration from the top. The Bulawayo Conference showed that ZANU PF is a market forum for ideas. Good practical ideas aimed at the operational aspect of the indigenous initiative deserve careful consideration. Although the party leadership, confortable with its own brand of openness, (glasnot), exhibited unusual calmness at being lectured on its own alleged shortcomings, there was still no harm in mentioning one or two positive achievements or conditions existing in the country. If we look around us we need to thank someone,-be it God, party leadership and Government and/or ourselves for having been spared the turmoil or near turmoil that visited quite a good number of countries on the continent in the recent past ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 28 NO. 2 Cotton boom could be short-lived

Vaccine being made to combat TB ritish and United States scientists Bhave developed a new kind of vaccine to protect against tuberculosis (TB). Unlike conventional vaccines, this is made, not from dead or weakened bacilli (bacteria but from pure DNA genetic material. This should, make the vaccine cheaper to produce, more effective and easier to store and transport in the tropics. If the trials proceed well, doctors will be keen to introduce the vaccine as soon as possible, to combat the giowing incidence of TB in parts of the developed as well as developing world. The disease is now the world's leading cause of death from infectious diseases. Ten million people are infected and three million die from TB every year and the figures are increasing. Haphazard use of drugs lead to the bacterium that causes TB, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), becoming resistant to all drugs used By John Newell against it in some areas. Nearly half of the world's population is infected with MTB but it remains dormant in the vast majority. But weakend 'immunity in AIDS patients allows dormant MTB infection to emerge and become serious. The AIDS epidemic in Africa is contributing to the spread of TB. The existing TB vaccine, called BCG, is unsatisfactory, said Dr Douglas Lowrie of the United kingdom National Institute for Medical Research. Dr Lowrie leads one of the teams whose success in testing a DNA vaccine for TB has recently been reported in Nature Medicine journal. The other team is led by Dr. Margaret Uu of Merck Research Laboratories in Pennysivania, North America. Both vaccines are made of DNA genetic material taken from Mycobacterium leprae that is a close relative of MTB. When the vaccine is injected into a person's body, some of the bacterial genes are absorbed by human cells and behave as the cells' own genes, stimulating the cells to make proteins. So far, the vaccines have only been tested in mice but the results have been good. "Now we are thinking in terms of 18 months to two years' more work in laboratory animals, including higher animals than mice, to show it's safe as well as effective. Then we could go to the first human trials," said Dr Lowrie, adding that it will probably be seven years before the DNA vaccine becomes widely available. A DNA vaccine designed to protect against HIV, the AIDS virus, is already undergoing human trials and others are planned for several other diseases. Scientists now believe that the great majority of vaccines may be made of DNA. LPS 0 P.O. Box 5988, 144 Union Avenue, Harar, Telephone: 790148/9, 668431, 664749, 668951-9 The People's Voice ADVERTISING RATES N.B. CHARGES REFER T) A CENTIMETRE COLUMN D isplay advert ...... $ 17.00 E ntertainm ent ...... $ 19.50 Vacancy ...... $1 7 .00 G .V .T. N otice ...... $17.00 Sports Clubs and Charity Organisation ...... $13.00 Ear Space Front Page ...... $ 195.00 Ear Space Back Page ...... , i -1.00 COLOUR RATES (Please note these rates jire additional to normal rates) I S pot C olO ur ...... $350.00 2 Spot C olour ...... $700.00 3 S pot C olour ...... $975.00 :ull C olour ...... $ 1 365.00 ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 28 NO. 2

Zimbabwe News Subscription Form (Please Tick a box to select your term) Zimbabwe o 12 issues (1 year) $22.50 o6 issues (6 months) $11.25 Regional o 12 issues (1 year) US$30.00 o 6 issues (6 months) US$15.00 Overseas (Europe) o 12 issues US$40.00 o 6 issues (6 months) US$20.00 (Pleae wrn) Ol Il ll Ol~le illll 11l41le1l MII I pol l I io M " 1 I eloo iill I I i ii i| I i votes II IiiIIII i II ~ii SIIiiiiiiiii .... iii iii @i IIf I I I Is I I I I I I Io I I I I Ii I I I I I I I I I I I 1. i1 11 1 offi I 10 111 f Iii Ii I I i i M .a I gifts I S ign~ature: .,,,.. ,., . , ...... ,., ...... ,.,,, ...... ,.,. ..,,,,,aa,,,,,,,,,,u.,,, ., THE RATES INCLUDE POSTAGE AND HANDLING I enclose my cheque o Postal Order o for the amount indicated above Mail to: The Circulation Manager, The People's Voice 144Union Ave., Harare, Tel: 79014819 ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 28 NO. 2 ears have gone by since the less developed countries (LDCs) of the Third World countries first received aid from Europe (I shall advisedly omit their names). These welfare states have assigned to themselves the role of champion aid-givers to the poor nations. It is said that these European states give the largest proportion of their gross national product (GNP) of all the industrialised countries, but the big question is: Is this generosity good for the LDCs? What does the aid entail in real terms - politically and economically? lectoral Commissioners from the Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries met in Harare in early December last year to discuss strengthening cooperations, and the role of democratic elections in regional development. Convened by the Electoral Institute of South Africa (EISA) and hosted by the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission, the round-table conference discussed issues pertinent to the organisation of democratic elections and the benefits that acrue to the development of the region. The commissioners, who are responsible for the organisation of elections in their countries also discussed the constitutional and legislative provisions for impartial and independent electoral commissions, and their place within government infrastructure. They considered the effectiveness of their commissions in fulfilling their roles as bodies intended to deliver free, fair ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 28 NO.'2 It must be understood that foreign aid is not capital investment neither is it a transfer of technology and expertise to the poor nations; it is simply aid, period. "Aid degrades the sovereignity and equity of the recipient nations". Some statements which have emanated from the aid-giving states as justification for the continued non-investment assistance to the Third World are degrading to the national character of the recipients. I also contend that aid without capital economic development transparent and legitimate elections, and the long term effects of these on the democratisation process within a country. These are current issues as most countries in the region have overhauled their electoral systems in the past six years, with multi-party elections taking place in Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania and Zambia. "Regional co-operation to strengthen democracy and promote greater selfreliance in running elections is a logical and desirable step emerging from the extension of democracy throughout the Southern African region," the Director of EISA, Mr. Dren Nupen said. He noted that through cooperation, regional electoral institutions can identify areas of interest in the development of electoral management capacity, establish means to carry out joint activities and identify sources of international support and involvement. 0 is akeen to subjugation; it lulls the po&rer nations into a false sense of social security. The poor survive by queuing for fowl hand-outs in front of international media crews. The food queues are then transmitted back to Europe and north America where they are used as justifcation for further aid to the LDCs. The Willy Brandt Report fervently advocates for continued welfare aid under the pretext that it (aid- giving) is a form of global income transfere; that there is an inherent culture and environmental inability of Third World people for rapid economic development and; that there is a "distortion in the international system of capitalistic competition and free enterprise that prevents the transfer of prosperity from the rich to the poor", inter alia. Hence one is led to conclude that aid-giving degrades the soveregnity and equity of the recipient nations. "Foreign aid entails activist and interventionist policies" The picture being painted of the socalled Third World countries is that they are victims of the economic Downs syndrome. In other words, the Third World is a Down's institution whose inmates survive on on charity. For, how long are the poor nations of the Third World going to remain the recipients of aid from the welfare states? Foreign aid has had a negative effect on the economies of the LDCs: it has stunted their economic development by limiting exports and market access. The concept of human rights wreking havoc amongst Third World nations is one exotic social by-product which come (packaged as a contraband) in the foreign aid cargo. One would go so.far as to say that the ideological commitment behind aid-giving is designed to emasculate further, what still remains of the economies of the LDCs. In the majority of the Third World coun*Continued on next page Electoral Commissioners meet in Harare Staff Writer Viewpoint r Foreign aied is not capital investment BY.Ilaitia Stobboit

Foreign aid is not capital investment *Continued from previous page tries, taxes are high in order for governments to provide social services to the people. Ironically, this is one of the recommendations of the Willy Brandt Report. Even more flammoxing is that the Report simply ignores to discuss economic investment in the LDCs, preferring to dwell on the provision of social services in the affected countries. Perhaps, the reason is not hard to find: Ai is'well known, the Commission's chairman Willy Brandt and, Edward Heath who is former British Premier, are politicised economists as opposed to'political economists! Where economic developementt takes place there is always a relative reduction in taxation rates and a higher yield in returns to government. Yet foreign aid entails activist and interventionist policies. By concentrating on the provision of social services, the LDCs find themselves bedevilled by the usual "rich-poor" tension which often translate into political instability and economic ruination. The welfare European states have actually violated human rights laws by displacing the Third World folks from their traditional habitat in order to make way This has not only caused a break-down of cultural traditions but has also resulted in a proliferation of organisations which have caused more harm than good particularly in the rural areas. Of major concern is that those who benefit more from these "conservation projects" are foreign holiday-makers who happen to be the aid-givers themselves. "They employ hitteresque methods of moving people about as if they were oranges or apples". They displace the rural folk under the guise of "up-grading crop production", "creating employment opportunities" and "improving community livelihood" et cetera. To this end, they employ hitteresque methods of moving people about as if they were oranges or apples and shepherd fauna into protected areas endowed with rich flora. There can be no progressive economic ,development in a country inundated with foreign aid no matter the pretenses. Only capital investment and direct involvement of the grassroots in economic activities can culminate in the full realisation of indigenous economic empowerment at a national level. Foreign aid has in its corpus, certain implicit cultural standards appropriate to the industrialised but inappropriate to the LDCs of the Third World. It is impossible for the LDC governments to prise these foreign cultural standards from the aid package. The net result of all this is an artificial economic development and a dependency syndrome in the poor countries. The World Bank's original brief and mandate was to assist with developmental projects. But it has since abdicated or jettisoned that brief and has joined the bandwagon of aid-givers, a sure way of circumventing its responsibility of facilitating economic empowerment in the poor nations:" ... because the peoples of the Third World are too hungry to fend for themselves." Another aid-related impediment to economic development of the Third World is the transfer of expensive, inappropri ate capital-intensive technology by the industrialised states, instead of the relatively cheap labour-intensive machinery. The majority of the LDCs do not even take time to study their respective economies and all factor endowments before importing capital equipment. Politicians in these countries tend to identify economic development not with growth rates but with the presence in their countries, of certain foreign economic landscapes, to serve as status symbols. "While politicians of LDCs gaze at the awe-inspiring and imposing high-rise buildings in their cities, the rural areas are at the mercy of donors" The problem is that high-rise buildings are capital-intensive and have a labour displacement component. The entire Third World has a labour abundancy factor endowment as its comparative advantage, so why this obsession with capital-intensive technology? There is a crying need for Third World governments to interest themselves in supply economics to spur development. Itwas Shakespeare who said: "The fault continues to be in ourselves and not in our stars." But Mwalimu put it more appropriately when he observed: "Perhaps the Western countries are too sophisticated in every way for us to draw much inspiration in their techniques. They went through all our troubles too long ago. When my young men go over and see an advariced production technique in the West, they are not really impressed or stirred. It is beyond their needs. But when they siteeasily applicable experiments in or, say, Israel, nations building themselves up from the ground; then these people come back with glowing eyes and (enthusiastic) hearts." As can be seen, the capital-intensive technology LDCs are buying from the in-. dustrialised nations cause rampant unemployment by displacing those already gainfully employed. It increases tax rates as governments desperately seek to distribute the scarce available income to feed the poor and; stiffles growth. Increased aid gives Third World governments an incentive to further deteriorate ,their economies so as to receive even more aid. Some LDCs think that by receiving more aid they can escape the burdens of their foolish economic policies. Aid also discourages food production and in some cases it can actually add to the affluence of the already affluent middle class. The people of the Third World are being treated as economic guinea pigs by the developed countries. There is an indiscriminate socio-political andeconomic experimentation. There is a saying to the effect that while politicians of the Third World countries gaze at the aweinspiring and imposing high-rise building in the cities, the rural areas are at the mercy of the welfare states and their non-governmental oraganisations. 0 ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 28 NO. 2 Zimbabwe .News Magazine. is printed at J6g Press, 14 Aut Road, Workington Harare rom street markets in Lagos to 60 percent in Africa, where counterfeit- laboratories in Haiti or Nigeria which use backshops in Bangkok, business in ers act with complete impunity because such materials to manufacture drugs do fake medicines is booming. There of corruption and crumbling health not have the, technical or financial is hardly a Third World country where structures. resources to vet their quality. of European or North American laboratories are not easily available. There ar- plenty of counterfeiters, some highly qualified, others less so, who dre capable of concocting bogus antibiotics just as other fake Swiss watches - the difference being that no one was ever killed by a watch. Their products can be dangerous for several reasons. The concentrations of the ingredients may be incorrect; an ingredient may have been replaced by some ersatz such as coffee or sugar that has no effect on the ailment; and sometimes the preparation is quite simply toxic. The problem has been around for years. In 1990, 109 Nigerian children died after taking syrup that contained antifreeze. Similar cases have been recorded in Bangladesh, where 250 children died between 1990 and 1993. One of the most spectacular frauds occured in February last year, when a meningitis epidemic swept through Niger, one of the world's poorest countries. its neighbour, Nigeria, made it a gift of 88 000 doses of meningitis vaccine bearing the Merieux and Smith Kline Beecham trademarks. A teamof Belgian doctors belonging to Medecins Sams Frontieres (MSF) began vaccinating children. They were suspi,cious about the quality of the vaccine: it did not dilute easily, and contained black filaments. But given the urgency of the situation and the fact that the vaccine had been donated by a friendly government, the doctors continued their work. On their return to Belgium, however, they decided to have the vaccine analysed: it turned out to be lust water. All the indications are that cases like this are on the increase. The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that at least 7 percent of drugs sold worldwide each year are fake. The percentage may be as high as 30 percent in Brazil and ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 28 NO.2 The pharmaceutical industry, the WHO and non-governmental organisations such as MSF and Pharmacies Sams Frontieres accept that in some countries the situation is out of control. In a document dated September 30, 1996, MSF laid down guidelines for its teams operating in developing countries: "In almost all such countries there has been a proliferation of pharmaceutical *.. products which either do not contain sufficient concentrations or are debased or counterfeited. The use of local supplies is therefore forbidden in cases where MSF is not in a position to handle local purchases without risk." There are several reasons for the increase in fraud. First, it brings in big money. According to WHO estimates, annual sales in this sector are $16 billion. It is believed that in Pakistan alone fake drugs worth $160 million are sold each year. Drug counterfeiters who manage to lay their hands on the "recipe" for a preparation can sell it very competitively because they will not have paid for research and development. They can also have concentrations and thus cut production costs. If they go one step further on the dishonesty scale, they can make pills out of flour or starch, a common practice in Africa. With modern printing techniques, packaging and labelling pose no problems. They still have to sell their product without running into customs controls. That, too, is child's play with trade booming; it is virtually impossible to keep tabs on a drug. A cancer drug manufactured in Bangladesh may well be sold to Indonesia, where it will pass through the hands of a Dutch trader and end up being smuggled into Sierra Leone. Nor is there any problem in getting hold of the raw materials for fake pills. They are easilly available from middlemen based in Hong Kong or Hamburg. The International 'NuNs Large-scale fraud has become a highly professional activity, a leading figure in the pharmaceutical industry says: "In the case of more sophisticated me~icines, there are specialised channels. Trafficking in the active ingredient goes on at the level of big organisations. Then the ingredient is distributed among small decentralised and highly mobile labs, which work on a range of products for about six months at a time, before moving on to something else. "Remembering that the difficult bit is inventing the medicine, not copying it. Copying may be hard for a beginner, but it's relatively simple for a trained chemist. And we are talking about a business that hires top-notch personnel." Counterfeiters have also taken advantage of economic developments in certain regions of the world. The crisis caused by the devaluation of the CFA franc made French-speaking Africa particularly vulnerable. Hospitals themselves often turn to the black market because it offers products at more affordable prices. Hence the success in Cameroon, for example, of socalled "lawn pharmacies," where street vendors spread out their products on the ground. The International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers' Associations (IFPMA) and the WHO, which have a network of correspondents throughout the world, are doing their best to heighten awareness of the problem in such countries as Zimbabwe, To go and Thailand and to centralise information on the subject. It is an uphill task, because most of the countries concerned do not have the necessary structures for carrying out such investigations. Much fraud goes on without the public or even the health authorities being aware of it, because it is virtually impossible to gauge the ef*Continued on next page DPRK'S position remains unchanged he Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) has reiterated that it remains committed to the reunifi cation of the Korean Peninsula. "There is no change in the consistent position of our party and the DRPK government to re- unify the country through cqnfederacy based on one nation, one state, two systems and two governments on the principles of indepedence, peaceful reunification and great nation- Staff Writer Some of the programmes entail solving the country's food shortage problem and to champion to the fullest, selfreliance projects which in turn would improve the people's living standards. The statement also underscored that DPRK's foreign policy remains unchanged. To that, the Pyongyang Administration urged Japanese authorities to come out to the much-awaited postwar talks without delay. aUnity,"said a statement issued by the "The point at issue, however, is that DPRK's Foreign Ministry last January. although it is more than 50 years since The statement noted that DPRK's the end of the war, Japan has yet to programmes will this year, be carried atone for its military occupation of Korea out under the motto: Victory of social- and colonial enslavement it imposed on ism is in sight.. the Korean people during the first half Third World hit by *Continued fr fect on the groun toxic products. cause of the dear an expert, but us or that endemic All leading labor creased control "mobilisation". Bi go so far as to s of damaging the customers' in th Similarly, laborat engage in often ings because the' the feathers of country concern the services of pr looking into the up a joint agency the traffickers' n Paul Carratu hea Carratu InternatiE has 10 or so labc He says: "Italy ai pean countries w out high class pr provide a back products to come ropean Union are inefficient an' fake drugs om previous page Britain, on the other hand, are well protected. d Of the distribution ofpteed Nhen people die, the "But it is the countries of the former th is not examined by Soviet bloc that offer an ideal environsually ascribed to this ment for fraud: they have a virtually disease non-existent police force, hi-tech factories and financial and human resources atones wdnt to see in- controlled by organised crime. It's like ard have called for the Wild West out there." ut very few of them will But Europe has its' black sheep too. A ay so in public for fear 1992 Interpol report claimed that Belgiir image in the eyes of um was being used as a transit point e developed countries, for Asian manufactured products bearing the label "made in Belgium". The tories are reluctant to products were then exported'to Africa fruitless legal proceed- and South America via the port of Anty are keen not to ruffle werp and Zaventem airport in Brussels. the authorities in the ed. They prefer to use Jean-Francois Gaulis, the IFPMA's head vate detectives and are of public relations, feels only a strong possibilities of setting political response can prevent disaster saimed at breaking up from occuring. In his view, the problem etworks. of drugs counterfeiting is something the World Bank, Unicef and the WHO, as d of the London-based well as the laboratories, will have to get inal detective agency, to grips with. "It should never be forgotratories on his books. ten that we're dealing with serious id Spain are the Euro- crime," he says. 'here laboratories turn (This article was written by Phillipe roducts. But they also Brousard, and first published in LE door that allows fake MONDE, the French international daily in from outside the Eu- newspaper, in Paris on October 20, their customs services 1996). d corrupt. France and 2nd January 1997. [] ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 28 NO. 2 of the century," said the statement. It added: "For the offender to honestly apologise to the victim and atone for his past wrong-doing, is a matter of fulfilling the internationally recognised political and legal responsibility and moral obligations." The statement said in the event of the Tokyo Administration refusing to atone for its past wrong-doing, Japan's permanent membership in the Security Council would be questionable. The Foreign Ministry statement made it clear that the normalisation of bilateral relations with the Japanese government would be impossible in the absence of a settlement on the issue. Japan is accuse of habing raped, maimed and tortured Koreans with the most terrible crime having been forcing the women of the affected country into "comfort women" for its soldiers durmn the Second World War. Q For the news behind the headlines get a copy of' Zimbabwe News Magazine monthly!!

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Coming on Strong Reviewed by Virginia MuwanigWa oming on Strong is a collection of women's writings, featuring stories, poetry and accounts which give an insight into a previously silent Namibian voice - the voice of women. Collection for this anthology dates back to 1990. Ranging from the harrowing accounts of the war and clashes with the Makakunya (South African soldiers), detontion without trial, sexual abuse, returning home after 40 years of working in town and teenage pregnancy to issues of gender inequality, the writings bring forth the intense feelings of a cross-section of Namibian women. The short fiction and essays also deal with particular instances of Namibian history such as the war ip the northern parts of the country, the experience of exile and the persistent problem that haunts Namibia, drought. From the woman who returns to her village and family after working in town for 40 years, the writer brings forth her apprehension as to the kind of welcoming she will receive and is amazed that ,nobody blames her for having stayed away so long. Perhaps more symbolic, in view of the escalating crimes of sexual abuse and of minors in Namibia and throughout southern Africa, the poem offering a personal account of such abuse eventual pregnancy by a father and the confusion and pain this invokes, reaches out to the depth of a reader's mind. Monologue of a Molested Mind, tells the story of the child who ends up in a mental institution after acts of violence triggered by continued sexual abuse. Also underlying the contentious issue of reconciliation in a country whose past is riddle with bitterness and anger at the actions of the apartheid regime and its agents is the story which ends with the quote: "We will forgive their trespasses but we won't forget what they did." Yet another topical issue - teenage pregnancy - is highlighted in the story The Baby's Baby, where a thirteen yearold girl, barely able to understand the hardships of life, finds herself pregnant. The tragedy of the story is that the girl does not know the full name of her child's father, a soldier who was passing through and looking for something to pass the time. With contributors such as newspape, editors, other experienced writers and women attending English literacy classes, the works presented in their unedited form, deliberately done to capture their raw presentation. Some voices of the writers are quiet, passionate and intimate and others are loud, bold and protesting, cutting close to the bone. "What is striking is the enormous amount of pain embedded in these texts: pain coupled with a resilience which, in some cases, is quiet daunting. "It is the bright streams of suffering, resistance and humour which give this anthology its unique strength and its title, " states the introduction. The writers of the anthology present themselves and their stories unequivocally, coming out as strorgly about their losse as they do about their love-offering a unique glimpse into their experiences 6nd.inner lives. "The rich timbre of these stories wil! hopefully inspire many more women to speak, to paint and to write," say the editor of the enthology who hope to publish another volume in the future. SARDC) 0 ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL 28 NO. 2 The Editor and Staff of Zimbabwe News Magazine would like to congratulate The President, Cde. Robert Gabriel Mugabe on the occasion of his 73rd birthday. We wish him many raore!

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The life story of Dynamos (Second and last part) By Tendayi Ndemera in the last issue of, the Zimbabwe News we'published a story on how the country's most popular and successful soccer dub, Dynamos, acquired their name. This month, the Dynamos story continues with yet another insight into the Glamour Boys' interesting history ... Having indicated that his place was with Dynamos and nowhere else, Morrison' Sifelani remained in the hot seat at the Harare Club. Indeed he was doing good as can be proved by achie'vements of the dub since its inception. In 1963, the Mighty Dynamos, won the League Championship again in 1965 before suffering a lapse which saw them coming out of the 1996 soccer season empty-handed. Achievemqnts They found their feet in 1967 and lifted the Chibuku Trophy. In 1968, they managed to reach the final of the Caste Cup but fell dismally to Arcadia United who thumped them 4- 1. The Glamour boys lifted the Chibuku Trophy again in 1969. In the same year, they won the Champion of Champions. They landed the League Championship for the third time in 1970 and went on to clinch the Nyore Nyore shield the following year. The Chibuku Trophy was once again on their shelves in 1972. The following year they lifted the BAT Rosebowl for the very first time when they beat favourites Salisbury Sables 2 -0 in the final at Rufaro Stadium. Earlier they had won the Nyore Nyore Shield the same year. ,They retained the Shield the following year and went on to lift the Chibuku Trophy in 1975. ,o Dynamos' most successful year was 1976 when they lifted all but one cup in the country. This followed a dash between the players and the executive of Sifelani which resulted in the executive committee of several years standing being cast aside in a block vote of no confidence. Felix Tapfuma was elected chairman of the new committee, consisting entirety of player-members. .Out went Sifelani, Sarupinda, Robson Rundaba, and Josiah Akende. In came Tapfuma, Bernard Marriot, Simon Sachiti thousands of fans all over the country and Shadreck Ngwenya. despite the departure of those people. The new committee guided Dynamos to victories in the Nyore Nyore Shield, the BAT Rosebowl, the Southern Africa Champion of Champions Trophy, the League Championship and for the first time, the Castle Cup. Other officials like Hilario Nengare, Shepherd Murape and Shaw Handriade were, in the late 70s elected to the executive. In 1978 they won the League Championship and clinched the BAT Rosebowl again in 1979. By then a pad for the cream of the soon-to-be Zimbabwe had been launched. Now in their 34th year in existence, Dynamos have managed to maintain the popularity which has eluded many clubs on the local soccer scene. Current club chairman, Morrison Sifelani, who has seen it all with the Harare 'side, believes this trend will continue and that Dynamos are here to stay. The soft-spoken Sifelani says whilst individuals come and go, the club Dynamos should be left to continue operating for as long as those running the club at any time can take it. He adds that there shouldn't be a breakdown of the smooth operation of the side for personal gains. This could be true for the side which has survived many unpheavals during its 34 years of existence. Yesteryear executives Many executive committees have comE and gone. At one stage the popular Zimbabwean side was wrecked by a serious in-house squabble which almost put paid to the efforts put into founding it by those who built the team to what it is today. Order was only restored when Sifelani bounced back in the chairman's seat five years ago and recalled all former players and founder members to come and rebuild the team. People like the late Job Kadengu, Wilfred Pawadyira, Jockoniah Nhekairo, Felix Tapfuma and Shepherd Murape have at one time or the other led the Glamour .Boys but have since left. The club on the other hand continues to entertain its Besides these names there are others like Fanuel Dube, Rundaba, Sachiti, Rodgers Nhambu and Alois Masepe. who have held the post of treasurer before current treasurer Raffq Adam took over the post. Patrick Dick, Simon Makaza, Dominic Kambeu, Shaw Mutemanjiri,.David Chingarande, Mike Madzimure, George Shaya, Shadreck Ngwenya, Shaw Handriade, Bernard Chidziva, and Nengare, have at one stage been in the Dynamos executive but either resigned or were voted out at'the club's annual general meetings. These former officials put in their bit in the development of the club while others left in a huff after failing to come to terms with the demands of their respective jobs within tlhe club. But that has not stopped the Glamour Boys from holding their own in the country's soccer programme. Own stadium Currently the club executive led by .Sifelani, with the help of the founder members, former players and supporters aims to establish a base from where the side will continue operating for the benefit of future generations. "Dynamos is a club that has not, been able to build a clubhouse for years despite its popularity. It is a disgrace for such a big team to be operating from nowhere. So we aim to see to it that the members and future generations have something that they can really boast of as their own. A clubhouse where supporters, officials, players and all members can meet to socialise, is something that we feel should be put in place in ,,the long run," Sifelani says. He adds that the team also needs a sbccer ground of its own, which they can use for all purposes. Talking of the issue of a ground of their own it would be interesting to note that at one time Dynamos bought a piece of land for the purposes of building its own stadium at Waterfalls in Harare in the early 90s but the project failed -to take OContinued on next page ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 28 NO. 2

The life story of Dynamos (Second and last part) 0Continued from previous page off the ground as a result of the inhouse squabbles at that time. It has virtually been difficult to establish what became of the said project although insiders say part of the piece of land was sold to cover losses incurred by the then executive. A townhouse bought in central Harare at one time -by the club was also sold to pay off debts while an ambitious sports shop project which failed to meet the required targets was also relinquished in1 994 amid reports that some of the club standing committee members had turned the shop into a flea market for their goods. The club now aims to start afresh and hope to succeed this time around with the help of capable company administrators. The executive is still awaiting a reply, from the Harare City Council, to their request to lease a piece of land adjacent to Harare Showgrounds' Glamis Stadium. Recently, a local tobacco manufacturing company was reported to have shown interest in the Waterfalls project with a view to bankroll The Glamour Boys in the construction of the stadium but nothing has been put down on paper. The idea of establishing a permanent feature in the form of a clubhouse or stadium is considered as noble by those who have known the club since its inception in 1963. Some people believe that this would help some of the club's idle players to have a place where they can while up time during the day by practising in the afternoon before joining serious sessions with.the coaches in the evening. Whether this will take off the ground or not still remains to be seen but indications are that the project will succeed. Not only is the club looking at building a stadium and clubhouse but also at venturing into business on a more serious note than was the case with the sports shop. The club, in the meantime, hopes to use the experience that current treasurer Rafiq Adam has in running business ventures. Turning professional Should everything go according to plan Dynamos are considering turning into a full-time professional side sustaining itself without outside funding. The club's junior policy which had fallen apart and abandoned by previous executives has been fully revived. In the long run Dynamos hope to revert to their policy of long ago.when they used to groom their junior policy rather than buy-from other clubs. Women's club A women's soccer side which was founded a few years ago and had been left to fend for itself is being seriously considered to be run in line with the club's senior men's team in the future. However, at the time of going to press nothing concrete on the issue had been laid down since the Zimbabwe's Women's Soccer League seems to be finding it almost impossible to operate under the present conditions. The club's founder member and former players are currently helping with the rebuilding of the club on a voluntary basis. A number of them will soon be involved in the running of the club when the soon-to-be-launched Board of Trustees gets into office. All in all Dynamos holds that success breeds success and they have vowed to mantain the status of the club as it was when it was founded 34 years ago by a group of black footballers who had left the disbanded Salisbury City in 1963. A lot of thanks should go to former Rhodesia Herald employee Len Brown who invited the blacks to play in the City side after which they managed to found their own club from the experience acquired at Salisbury City. It is sad, however, to note that some of the men who helped found this popular football machine, the likes of Obediah Sarupinda, Lameck Mlambo, Allan Hlatwayo, Ted Bridges and others are no longer alive to witness the fruits of their work. But others like Josiah Akende, Bernard Marriot, Sam Dauya, Jimmy Finch, Danny Bricks Thomas and Freddie Mkwesha are still around to monitor the progress of the club. To Dynamos, we at the Zimbabwe News magazine, say keep the fire burning lads! ZIMBABWE NEWS VOL. 28 NO. 2 The Editor and Staff of Zimbabwe News Magazine would like to congratulate the 21st February Movement on its eleventh Anniversary. Zimbabwe News Subscription Rates Please tick a box to select your term ZIMBABWE REGIONAL OVERSEAS 12 Issues (I year)$30.00 El 12 Issues (1 year)US$37.20 rl 12 Issues (1 year)US$57.60 0 6 issues (6 months) 6 issues (6 months) 6 issues (6 months) NAM E: ...... A DRESS: ...... *...... I ...... ,...... SIG NATU RF_...... THE RATES INCLUDE POSTAGE AND HANDLING I enclose my cheque 0 potal.ordr C for the amount indicated above. Mail to: The Circulation Manager, The Peoplel's Voice, P.O. Box CY 3206, Causeway 144-Union Avenue. Harare, Tel: 790148/9. ZIMBAB. -2AN-2 $15.00 US$18.60 US$28.80

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