DOCSLIB.ORG

QUINTANILLA CARHUAMACA CHRISTIAN.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
QUINTANILLA CARHUAMACA CHRISTIAN.Pdf UNIVERSIDAD INCA GARCILASO DE LA VEGA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS FARMACÉUTICAS Y BIOQUÍMICA “EFECTO ANTIBACTERIANO DEL EXTRACTO ETANÓLICO DE LAS HOJAS DE VALLESIA GLABRA (CUN CUN) FRENTE A CEPAS DE STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS Y ESCHERICHIA COLI ESTUDIO IN VITRO” Tesis para optar al Título Profesional de Químico Farmacéutico y Bioquímico TESISTAS: Bach. Christian Dennis Quintanilla Carhuamaca Bach. Jacquelin Alvina Guerrero Lezama ASESOR: Mg. Q. F. Teofilo Chire Murillo LIMA – PERÚ 2018 DEDICATORIA A Dios por habernos dado lo más valioso; la alegría de vivir. A nuestros padres por su inmenso amor, comprensión, y su gran apoyo incondicional durante el transcurso de mi carrera profesional y enseñarme con paciencia y perseverancia se puede alcanzar todo lo que te propones. A nuestros hermanos por su apoyo, cariño y brindarnos los mejores momentos en la vida. Jacquelin y Christian AGRADECIMIENTOS A Dios por guiar nuestros caminos constantemente. A nuestros padres por enseñarnos lo mas más valioso; el sacrificio y el apoyo incondicional. A nuestro asesor de Tesis Mg. Teofilo Chire Murillo, por su valioso apoyo, orientación y generosidad; por compartir su experiencia para desarrollar y culminar el presente trabajo. Jacquelin y Christian ÍNDICE GENERAL DEDICATORIA AGRADECIMIENTOS ÍNDICE GENERAL ÍNDICE DE ANEXOS INDICE DE TABLAS RESUMEN ABSTRACT Introducción...........................................................................................................................1 CAPÍTULO I: PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA....................................................3 1.1. Descripción de la realidad problemática………………………………………..3 1.2. Formulación del Problema......................................................................................4 1.2.1. Problema general..............................................................................................4 1.2.2. Problemas específicos..................................................................................... 4 1.3. Objetivos de la investigación..................................................................................4 1.3.1. Objetivo general................................................................................................ 4 1.3.2. Objetivos específicos........................................................................................4 1.4. Justificación...............................................................................................................5 CAPÍTULO II: MARCO TEÓRICO....................................................................................6 2.1. Antecedentes de la investigación.......................................................................... 6 2.1.1 Antecedentes Nacionales................................................................................. 6 2.1.2 Antecedentes Internacionales.........................................................................9 2.2 Bases Teoricas………………………………………………………………..…..14 2.2.1 Características Botánicas del Vallesia glabra (Cun cun).......................... 14 2.2.1.1 Clasificación Taxonómica…………………......………………………….15 2.2.1.2 Distribución…………………………………………………………………15 2.2.1.3 Nombre Común…………………………………………………………….15 2.2.1.4 Composición química de Vallesia glabra………………………………..16 2.2.1.5 Usos y propiedades de Vallesia glabra………………………………….16 2.2.1.6 Extractos……………………………………………………………………18 2.2.1.7 Obtención de extractos a partir de plantas medicinales...……………18 2.2.2 Actividad antibacteriana.................................................................................19 2.2.2.1 Clasificación de las bacterias………………………...……………….…21 2.2.3 Staphylococcus aureus...................................................................................21 2.2.3.1 Características microbiológicas………………………………………….21 2.2.3.2 Diagnóstico…………………………………………………………………22 2.2.3.3 Epidemiología………………………………………………………………23 2.2.3.4 Patogenia…………………………………………………………………...23 2.2.3.5 Enfermedades caudadas por S. aureus………………………………...24 2.2.4 Escherichia Coli................................................................................................24 2.3. Formulación de hipótesis......................................................................................25 2.3.1. Hipótesis general............................................................................................ 25 2.3.2. Hipótesis específicas......................................................................................25 2.4 Variables...............................................................................................................26 2.4.1 Tabla de Operacionalización de variables...................................................26 2.5 Marco Conceptual............................................................................................... 27 CAPITULO III: METODOLOGÍA.....................................................................................29 3.1 Tipo de Investigación..............................................................................................29 3.1.1 Tipo.................................................................................................................... 29 3.1.2 Nivel................................................................................................................... 29 3.1.3. Diseño de investigación.................................................................................29 3.2. Población y muestra........................................................................................... 30 3.2.2 Poblacion y muestra vegetal…………………………………………………..30 3.2.2 Poblacion y muestra microbiológica………………………………………….30 3.3 Técnicas e instrumentos de recolección de datos.............................................30 3.3.1. Técnicas...........................................................................................................30 3.3.2. Instrumentos de Recolección de Datos...................................................... 30 3.3.3. Validación de Instrumentos...........................................................................31 3.4 Materiales, insumos y equipos..............................................................................31 3.5. Procedimiento Experimental............................................................................... 32 3.5.1. Recolección de la Muestra Vegetal............................................................. 32 3.5.2. Preparación de la Muestra............................................................................ 33 3.5.3. Obtención del extracto etanólico..................................................................33 3.5.4. Estudio Microbiológico..................................................................................33 3.5.4.1. Desarrollo del método…………………………………………………….34 3.5.5. Marcha Fitoquímica………………………………………………………..36 CAPITULO IV: PRESETACIÓN Y ANÁLISIS DE RESULTADOS...........................38 4.1. Presentación de resultados..................................................................................38 4.2. Análisis Estadístico................................................................................................41 4.3. Discusión de los Resultados................................................................................ 46 CAPITULO V: CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES.....................................47 5.1. Conclusiones.......................................................................................................... 47 5.2. Recomendaciones................................................................................................. 47 Referencias Bibliográficas................................................................................................48 INDICE DE ANEXOS ANEXO 1: MATRIZ DE CONSISTENCIA...................................................................52 ANEXO 2: FICHA DE VALIDACIÓN POR JUICIO DE EXPERTO........................54 ANEXO 3: FICHA DE VALIDACIÓN POR JUICIO DE EXPERTO........................56 ANEXO 4: CERTIFICADO BOTÁNICO......................................................................58 ANEXO 5: TESTIMONIOS FOTOGRÁFICOS..........................................................59 ÍNDICE DE TABLAS Pág. Tabla 1: Operacionalización de variables........................................................ 26 Tabla 2: Actividad antibacteriana contra S. aureus por el método K. Bauerel 38 Tabla 3: Actividad antibacteriana contra E. coli por el método K. Bauerel. 39 Tabla 4: Resultados de la Marcha fitoquímica del extracto alcohólico de hojas Vallesia glabra.......................................................................... 40 Tabla 5: Estadísticas Descriptivas de los Halos de Inhibición encontrados del extrato etanólico de las hojas de Vallesia glabra frente a cepas de Staphylococcus aureus................................................................ 41 Tabla 6: Prueba de homogeneidad de varianzas de los halos de inhibición del extracto etanólico de las Hojas de Vallesia glabra frente a cepas de Staphylococcus aureus............................................................. 42 Tabla 7: Prueba de ANOVA de los halos de inhibición encontrados del extracto etanólico de las Hojas de Vallesia glabra frente a................... cepas de Staphylococcus aureus........................................................... 42 Tabla 8: Comparaciones múltiples de la prueba de Tukey de los halos de inhibición encontrados del extracto etanólico de las Hojas de Vallesia glabra frente a cepas de Staphylococcus aureus.................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sonorensis 2009
    sonorensis Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum contents r e t h c a h c S h s o J Newsletter Volume 29, Number 1 1 Introduction Winter 2009 By Christine Conte, Ph.D. The Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum 2 Diet and Health: An Intimate Connection a Co-founded in 1952 by í c r By Mark Dimmitt, Ph.D. a G Arthur N. Pack and William H. Carr s ú s e J t t i m m i D k r a Robert J. Edison M Executive Director 4 Linking Human and Environmental Health through Desert Foods By Gary Nabhan,Ph.D., Martha Ames Burgess & Laurie Monti, Ph.D. Christine Conte, Ph.D. Director, Center for Sonoran n a s e Desert Studies r K r TOCA, Tohono O’odham Community Action, e t 9 e P Creating Hope and Health with Richard C. Brusca, Ph.D. Traditional Foods Senior Director, Science and Conservation By Mary Paganelli A C O 12 Ancient Seeds for Modern Needs: T Linda M. Brewer Growing Your Own Editing By Suzanne Nelson, Ph.D. 13 On our Grounds: Wild Edibles at the Martina Clary Arizona-Sonora Desert Musuem Design and Production r e By George Montgomery, Kim Duffek & Julie Hannan Wiens d n e v e D n a V . R . sonorensis is published by the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, T 2021 N. Kinney Road, Tucson, Arizona 85743. ©2009 by the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, Inc. All rights reserved. 16 Sabores Sin Fronteras/Flavors Without Borders: Fruit Diversity in Desert Agriculture No material may be reproduced in whole or in part without prior Offers Resilience in the Face of Climate Change written permission by the publisher.
    [Show full text]
  • First Report of Phyllactinia Chubutiana, Nom. Cons. on Vallesia Glabra (Apocynaceae) in Mexico
    Botany First report of Phyllactinia chubutiana, nom. cons. on Vallesia glabra (Apocynaceae) in Mexico Journal: Botany Manuscript ID cjb-2020-0211.R1 Manuscript Type: Note Date Submitted by the 11-Dec-2020 Author: Complete List of Authors: Félix-Gastélum, Rubén; Universidad de Occidente Leyva-Madrigal, Karla ; Universidad de Occidente Quiroz-Figueroa, Francisco ; Instituto Politécnico Nacional Rodriguez-Mora, Norma; Instituto Politécnico Nacional Maldonado-Mendoza,Draft Ignacio ; Instituto Politécnico Nacional Espinosa-Matías, Silvia; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mora-Romero, Guadalupe; Universidad de Occidente, Keyword: Powdery mildew, pearl berry, phylogeny, ITS Is the invited manuscript for consideration in a Special Not applicable (regular submission) Issue? : © The Author(s) or their Institution(s) Page 1 of 24 Botany First report of Phyllactinia chubutiana, nom. cons. on Vallesia glabra (Apocynaceae) in Mexico Rubén Félix-Gastélum1*, Karla Yeriana Leyva-Madrigal1*, Francisco Roberto Quiroz- Figueroa2, Norma Rodriguez-Mora2, Ignacio Eduardo Maldonado-Mendoza2, Silvia Espinosa-Matías3, Guadalupe Arlene Mora-Romero1. 1 Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Unidad Regional Los Mochis, 81223, Los Mochis, Sinaloa, México. 2 Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional (CIIDIR)- Unidad Sinaloa, 81101 Guasave, Sinaloa, México. 3Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Ciencias, Coyoacán, México, D.F. México CP 04510 Draft *These authors contributed equally to this work. Guadalupe Arlene Mora-Romero, Unidad de Investigación en Ambiente y Salud-Unidad Regional Los Mochis, 81223, Los Mochis, Sinaloa, México, +52 6688161050, fax +52 6688161001, [email protected] Competing interests: The authors declare that there are no competing interests. 1 © The Author(s) or their Institution(s) Botany Page 2 of 24 Abstract A new record of the powdery mildew Phyllactinia chubutiana, nom.
    [Show full text]
  • Seeds and Plants Imported
    y ... - Issued July 26, 191$ U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. WILLIAM A. TAYLOR, Chief of Bureau. INVENTORY OF SEEDS AND PLANTS IMPORTED BY THE OFFICE OF FOREIGN SEED AND PLANT INTRODUCTION DURING THE PERIOD FROM JULY 1 TO SEPTEMBER 30, 1915. (No. 44; Nos. 4089G TO 41314.) "WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1918. Issued July 26,1918. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. WILLIAM A. TAYLOR, Chief of Bureau. INVENTORY OF SEEDS AND PLANTS IMPORTED OFFICE OF FOREIGN SEED AND PLANT INTRODUCTION DURING THE PERIOD FROM JULY 1 TO SEPTEMBER 30, 1915. (No. 44; Nos. 40896 TO 41314.) WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1918. BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. Chief of Bureau, WILLIAM A. TAYLOR. Associate Chief of Bureau, KARL P. KELLBRMAN. Officer in Charge of Publications, J. E. ROCKWELL, Chief Clerk, JAMES E. JONES. FOREIGN SEED AND PLANT INTRODUCTION. SCIENTIFIC STAPF. David Fairchild, Agricultural Explorer in Charge, P. H. Dorsett, Plant Introducer, in Charge of Plant Introduction Field Stations. B. T. Galloway, Plant Pathologist, in Charge of Plant Protection and Plant Propagation. Peter Bisset, Plant Introducer, in Charge of Foreign Plant Distribution. Frank N. Meyer, Wilson Popenoe, and F. C. Reimer, Agricultural Explorers. H. C. Skeels, S. C. Stuntz, and R. A. Young, Botanical Assistants. Henry E. Allanson, D. A. Bisset, R. N. Jones, P. G. Russell, and G. P. Van Eseltine, Scientific Assistants. Robert L. Beagles, Superintendent, Plant Introduction Field Station, Chico, Cal. E. O. Orpet, Assistant in Plant Introduction. Edward Simmonds, Superintendent, Plant Introduction Field Station, Miami, Fla. John M. Rankin, Superintendent, Yarrow Plant Introduction Field Station, Rockville, Md.
    [Show full text]
  • Alkaloid Diversification in the Genus Palicourea (Rubiaceae
    Phytochem Rev https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-021-09768-y (0123456789().,-volV)( 0123456789().,-volV) Alkaloid diversification in the genus Palicourea (Rubiaceae: Palicoureeae) viewed from a (retro-)biogenetic perspective Andreas Berger . Karin Valant-Vetschera . Johann Schinnerl . Lothar Brecker Received: 26 December 2020 / Accepted: 17 July 2021 Ó The Author(s) 2021 Abstract The species-rich genus Palicourea (Rubi- Keywords Palicoureeae Á Alkaloid classification Á aceae: Palicoureeae) is source of an intriguing diver- Biosynthesis Á Chemosystematics Á Chemodiversity sity of alkaloids derived from tryptamine and its precursor tryptophan. So far simple tryptamine ana- Abbreviations logues, polypyrroloindoline, b-carboline, and, most CrSTR Catharanthus roseus strictosidine synthase importantly, monoterpene-indole, i.e., tryptamine-iri- IA Indole alkaloid doid alkaloids of various structural types including INMT Indolethylamine N-methyltransferase javaniside, alstrostine and strictosidine derivatives MIA Monoterpene-indole alkaloid have been identified. Here the diverse alkaloids that OpSTR Ophiorrhiza pumila strictosidine synthase numerous studies have found in the genus are exam- PSR Pictet-Spengler reaction ined and organized according to their structures and RsSTR Rauvolfia serpentina strictosidine synthase biosynthetic groups. Using a parsimony-based SLS Secologanin synthase approach that follows the concept of retro-biogenesis SmGD Strychnos mellodora glucosidase usually applied in synthetic chemistry, possible STR Strictosidine synthase biosynthetic pathways are proposed and important T5H Tryptamine 5-hydroxylase steps and relationships between these alkaloids are TDC Tryptophan decarboxylase highlighted. Understanding alkaloid diversification is SGD Strictosidine ß-glucosidase of importance in studying the ecological significance and evolution of biosynthetic capabilities of the genus Palicourea, and should stimulate future investigations on the biochemical and genetic background. Introduction A.
    [Show full text]
  • Chec List What Survived from the PLANAFLORO Project
    Check List 10(1): 33–45, 2014 © 2014 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of species lists and distribution What survived from the PLANAFLORO Project: PECIES S Angiosperms of Rondônia State, Brazil OF 1* 2 ISTS L Samuel1 UniCarleialversity of Konstanz, and Narcísio Department C.of Biology, Bigio M842, PLZ 78457, Konstanz, Germany. [email protected] 2 Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Campus José Ribeiro Filho, BR 364, Km 9.5, CEP 76801-059. Porto Velho, RO, Brasil. * Corresponding author. E-mail: Abstract: The Rondônia Natural Resources Management Project (PLANAFLORO) was a strategic program developed in partnership between the Brazilian Government and The World Bank in 1992, with the purpose of stimulating the sustainable development and protection of the Amazon in the state of Rondônia. More than a decade after the PLANAFORO program concluded, the aim of the present work is to recover and share the information from the long-abandoned plant collections made during the project’s ecological-economic zoning phase. Most of the material analyzed was sterile, but the fertile voucher specimens recovered are listed here. The material examined represents 378 species in 234 genera and 76 families of angiosperms. Some 8 genera, 68 species, 3 subspecies and 1 variety are new records for Rondônia State. It is our intention that this information will stimulate future studies and contribute to a better understanding and more effective conservation of the plant diversity in the southwestern Amazon of Brazil. Introduction The PLANAFLORO Project funded botanical expeditions In early 1990, Brazilian Amazon was facing remarkably in different areas of the state to inventory arboreal plants high rates of forest conversion (Laurance et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Groundcover Restoration in Forests of the Southeastern United States
    Groundcover RestorationIN FORESTS OF THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES Jennifer L. Trusty & Holly K. Ober Acknowledgments The funding for this project was provided by a cooperative • Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission of resource managers and scientific researchers in Florida, • Florida Department of Environmental Protection Conserved Forest Ecosystems: Outreach and Research • Northwest Florida Water Management District (CFEOR). • Southwest Florida Water Management District • Suwannee River Water Management District CFEOR is a cooperative comprised of public, private, non- government organizations, and landowners that own or We are grateful to G. Tanner for making the project manage Florida forest lands as well as University of Florida possible and for providing valuable advice on improving the faculty members. CFEOR is dedicated to facilitating document. We are also indebted to the many restorationists integrative research and outreach that provides social, from across the Southeast who shared information with J. ecological, and economic benefits to Florida forests on a Trusty. Finally, we thank H. Kesler for assistance with the sustainable basis. Specifically, funding was provided by maps and L. DeGroote, L. Demetropoulos, C. Mackowiak, C. Matson and D. Printiss for assistance with obtaining photographs. Cover photo: Former slash pine plantation with restored native groundcover. Credits: L. DeGroote. Suggested citation: Trusty, J. L., and H. K. Ober. 2009. Groundcover restoration in forests of the Southeastern United States. CFEOR Research Report 2009-01. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. 115 pp. | 3 | Table of Contents INTRODUCTION . 7 PART I - Designing and Executing a Groundcover PART II – Resources to Help Get the Job Done Restoration Project CHAPTER 6: Location of Groundcover CHAPTER 1: Planning a Restoration Project .
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Tree and Tree-Like Species of Mexico: Apocynaceae, Cactaceae
    Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad ISSN: 1870-3453 [email protected] Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México Ricker, Martin; Valencia-Avalos, Susana; Hernández, Héctor M.; Gómez-Hinostrosa, Carlos; Martínez-Salas, Esteban M.; Alvarado-Cárdenas, Leonardo O.; Wallnöfer, Bruno; Ramos, Clara H.; Mendoza, Pilar E. Tree and tree-like species of Mexico: Apocynaceae, Cactaceae, Ebenaceae, Fagaceae, and Sapotaceae Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, vol. 87, núm. 4, diciembre, 2016, pp. 1189-1202 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Distrito Federal, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=42548632003 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87 (2016) 1189–1202 www.ib.unam.mx/revista/ Taxonomy and systematics Tree and tree-like species of Mexico: Apocynaceae, Cactaceae, Ebenaceae, Fagaceae, and Sapotaceae Especies arbóreas y arborescentes de México: Apocynaceae, Cactaceae, Ebenaceae, Fagaceae y Sapotaceae a,∗ b a a Martin Ricker , Susana Valencia-Avalos , Héctor M. Hernández , Carlos Gómez-Hinostrosa , a b c Esteban M. Martínez-Salas , Leonardo O. Alvarado-Cárdenas , Bruno Wallnöfer , a a Clara H. Ramos , Pilar E. Mendoza a Herbario Nacional de México (MEXU), Departamento
    [Show full text]
  • A Rapid Biological Assessment of the Upper Palumeu River Watershed (Grensgebergte and Kasikasima) of Southeastern Suriname
    Rapid Assessment Program A Rapid Biological Assessment of the Upper Palumeu River Watershed (Grensgebergte and Kasikasima) of Southeastern Suriname Editors: Leeanne E. Alonso and Trond H. Larsen 67 CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL - SURINAME CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL GLOBAL WILDLIFE CONSERVATION ANTON DE KOM UNIVERSITY OF SURINAME THE SURINAME FOREST SERVICE (LBB) NATURE CONSERVATION DIVISION (NB) FOUNDATION FOR FOREST MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCTION CONTROL (SBB) SURINAME CONSERVATION FOUNDATION THE HARBERS FAMILY FOUNDATION Rapid Assessment Program A Rapid Biological Assessment of the Upper Palumeu River Watershed RAP (Grensgebergte and Kasikasima) of Southeastern Suriname Bulletin of Biological Assessment 67 Editors: Leeanne E. Alonso and Trond H. Larsen CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL - SURINAME CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL GLOBAL WILDLIFE CONSERVATION ANTON DE KOM UNIVERSITY OF SURINAME THE SURINAME FOREST SERVICE (LBB) NATURE CONSERVATION DIVISION (NB) FOUNDATION FOR FOREST MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCTION CONTROL (SBB) SURINAME CONSERVATION FOUNDATION THE HARBERS FAMILY FOUNDATION The RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment is published by: Conservation International 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500 Arlington, VA USA 22202 Tel : +1 703-341-2400 www.conservation.org Cover photos: The RAP team surveyed the Grensgebergte Mountains and Upper Palumeu Watershed, as well as the Middle Palumeu River and Kasikasima Mountains visible here. Freshwater resources originating here are vital for all of Suriname. (T. Larsen) Glass frogs (Hyalinobatrachium cf. taylori) lay their
    [Show full text]
  • A Preliminary List of the Vascular Plants and Wildlife at the Village Of
    A Floristic Evaluation of the Natural Plant Communities and Grounds Occurring at The Key West Botanical Garden, Stock Island, Monroe County, Florida Steven W. Woodmansee [email protected] January 20, 2006 Submitted by The Institute for Regional Conservation 22601 S.W. 152 Avenue, Miami, Florida 33170 George D. Gann, Executive Director Submitted to CarolAnn Sharkey Key West Botanical Garden 5210 College Road Key West, Florida 33040 and Kate Marks Heritage Preservation 1012 14th Street, NW, Suite 1200 Washington DC 20005 Introduction The Key West Botanical Garden (KWBG) is located at 5210 College Road on Stock Island, Monroe County, Florida. It is a 7.5 acre conservation area, owned by the City of Key West. The KWBG requested that The Institute for Regional Conservation (IRC) conduct a floristic evaluation of its natural areas and grounds and to provide recommendations. Study Design On August 9-10, 2005 an inventory of all vascular plants was conducted at the KWBG. All areas of the KWBG were visited, including the newly acquired property to the south. Special attention was paid toward the remnant natural habitats. A preliminary plant list was established. Plant taxonomy generally follows Wunderlin (1998) and Bailey et al. (1976). Results Five distinct habitats were recorded for the KWBG. Two of which are human altered and are artificial being classified as developed upland and modified wetland. In addition, three natural habitats are found at the KWBG. They are coastal berm (here termed buttonwood hammock), rockland hammock, and tidal swamp habitats. Developed and Modified Habitats Garden and Developed Upland Areas The developed upland portions include the maintained garden areas as well as the cleared parking areas, building edges, and paths.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny and Systematics of the Rauvolfioideae
    PHYLOGENY AND SYSTEMATICS Andre´ O. Simo˜es,2 Tatyana Livshultz,3 Elena OF THE RAUVOLFIOIDEAE Conti,2 and Mary E. Endress2 (APOCYNACEAE) BASED ON MOLECULAR AND MORPHOLOGICAL EVIDENCE1 ABSTRACT To elucidate deeper relationships within Rauvolfioideae (Apocynaceae), a phylogenetic analysis was conducted using sequences from five DNA regions of the chloroplast genome (matK, rbcL, rpl16 intron, rps16 intron, and 39 trnK intron), as well as morphology. Bayesian and parsimony analyses were performed on sequences from 50 taxa of Rauvolfioideae and 16 taxa from Apocynoideae. Neither subfamily is monophyletic, Rauvolfioideae because it is a grade and Apocynoideae because the subfamilies Periplocoideae, Secamonoideae, and Asclepiadoideae nest within it. In addition, three of the nine currently recognized tribes of Rauvolfioideae (Alstonieae, Melodineae, and Vinceae) are polyphyletic. We discuss morphological characters and identify pervasive homoplasy, particularly among fruit and seed characters previously used to delimit tribes in Rauvolfioideae, as the major source of incongruence between traditional classifications and our phylogenetic results. Based on our phylogeny, simple style-heads, syncarpous ovaries, indehiscent fruits, and winged seeds have evolved in parallel numerous times. A revised classification is offered for the subfamily, its tribes, and inclusive genera. Key words: Apocynaceae, classification, homoplasy, molecular phylogenetics, morphology, Rauvolfioideae, system- atics. During the past decade, phylogenetic studies, (Civeyrel et al., 1998; Civeyrel & Rowe, 2001; Liede especially those employing molecular data, have et al., 2002a, b; Rapini et al., 2003; Meve & Liede, significantly improved our understanding of higher- 2002, 2004; Verhoeven et al., 2003; Liede & Meve, level relationships within Apocynaceae s.l., leading to 2004; Liede-Schumann et al., 2005). the recognition of this family as a strongly supported Despite significant insights gained from studies clade composed of the traditional Apocynaceae s.
    [Show full text]
  • Apocynaceae, Rauvolfioideae, Tabernaemontaneae)
    UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGIA NATALÍ GOMES BORDON DELIMITAÇÃO DE ESPÉCIES DE TABERNAEMONTANA L. (APOCYNACEAE, RAUVOLFIOIDEAE, TABERNAEMONTANEAE) CAMPINAS 2020 NATALÍ GOMES BORDON DELIMITAÇÃO DE ESPÉCIES DE TABERNAEMONTANA L. (APOCYNACEAE, RAUVOLFIOIDEAE, TABERNAEMONTANEAE) Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do Título de Doutora em Biologia Vegetal. Orientador: ANDRÉ OLMOS SIMÕES ESTE ARQUIVO DIGITAL CORRESPONDE À VERSÃO FINAL DA TESE DEFENDIDA PELA ALUNA NATALÍ GOMES BORDON E ORIENTADA PELO PROF. DR. ANDRÉ OLMOS SIMÕES. CAMPINAS 2020 Ficha catalográfica Universidade Estadual de Campinas Biblioteca do Instituto de Biologia Gustavo Lebre de Marco - CRB 8/7977 Bordon, Natalí Gomes, 1984- B64d BorDelimitação de espécies de Tabernaemontana L. (Apocynaceae, Rauvolfioideae, Tabernaemontaneae) / Natalí Gomes Bordon. – Campinas, SP : [s.n.], 2020. BorOrientador: André Olmos Simões. BorTese (doutorado) – Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia. Bor1. Taxonomia vegetal. 2. Morfologia vegetal. 3. Filogenia. 4. Botânica. I. Simões, André Olmos. II. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Biologia. III. Título. Informações para Biblioteca Digital Título em outro idioma: Delimitation of species of Tabernaemontana L. (Apocynaceae, Rauvolfioideae, Tabernaemontaneae) Palavras-chave em inglês: Plant taxonomists Plant morphology Phylogeny Botany Área de concentração: Biologia Vegetal Titulação: Doutora em Biologia Vegetal Banca examinadora: André Olmos Simões [Orientador] Marcelo Reginato Michael John Gilbert Hopkins Ingrid Koch Elis Marina Damasceno Silva Data de defesa: 12-08-2020 Programa de Pós-Graduação: Biologia Vegetal Identificação e informações acadêmicas do(a) aluno(a) - ORCID do autor: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7011-1126 - Currículo Lattes do autor: http://lattes.cnpq.br/3734762514065142 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Campinas, 12 de agosto de 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • Angiosperms of Rondônia State, Brazil
    Check List 10(1): 33–45, 2014 © 2014 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of species lists and distribution What survived from the PLANAFLORO Project: PECIES S Angiosperms of Rondônia State, Brazil OF 1* 2 ISTS L Samuel1 UniCarleialversity of Konstanz, and Narcísio Department C.of Biology, Bigio M842, PLZ 78457, Konstanz, Germany. [email protected] 2 Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Campus José Ribeiro Filho, BR 364, Km 9.5, CEP 76801-059. Porto Velho, RO, Brasil. * Corresponding author. E-mail: Abstract: The Rondônia Natural Resources Management Project (PLANAFLORO) was a strategic program developed in partnership between the Brazilian Government and The World Bank in 1992, with the purpose of stimulating the sustainable development and protection of the Amazon in the state of Rondônia. More than a decade after the PLANAFORO program concluded, the aim of the present work is to recover and share the information from the long-abandoned plant collections made during the project’s ecological-economic zoning phase. Most of the material analyzed was sterile, but the fertile voucher specimens recovered are listed here. The material examined represents 378 species in 234 genera and 76 families of angiosperms. Some 8 genera, 68 species, 3 subspecies and 1 variety are new records for Rondônia State. It is our intention that this information will stimulate future studies and contribute to a better understanding and more effective conservation of the plant diversity in the southwestern Amazon of Brazil. Introduction The PLANAFLORO Project funded botanical expeditions In early 1990, Brazilian Amazon was facing remarkably in different areas of the state to inventory arboreal plants high rates of forest conversion (Laurance et al.
    [Show full text]