Apocynaceae, Rauvolfioideae, Tabernaemontaneae)
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Evolução Cromossômica Em Plantas De Inselbergues Com Ênfase Na Família Apocynaceae Juss. Angeline Maria Da Silva Santos
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA PARAÍBA CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS AGRÁRIAS PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM AGRONOMIA CAMPUS II – AREIA-PB Evolução cromossômica em plantas de inselbergues com ênfase na família Apocynaceae Juss. Angeline Maria Da Silva Santos AREIA - PB AGOSTO 2017 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA PARAÍBA CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS AGRÁRIAS PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM AGRONOMIA CAMPUS II – AREIA-PB Evolução cromossômica em plantas de inselbergues com ênfase na família Apocynaceae Juss. Angeline Maria Da Silva Santos Orientador: Prof. Dr. Leonardo Pessoa Felix Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Campus II Areia-PB, como parte integrante dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Doutor em Agronomia. AREIA - PB AGOSTO 2017 Catalogação na publicação Seção de Catalogação e Classificação S237e Santos, Angeline Maria da Silva. Evolução cromossômica em plantas de inselbergues com ênfase na família Apocynaceae Juss. / Angeline Maria da Silva Santos. - Areia, 2017. 137 f. : il. Orientação: Leonardo Pessoa Felix. Tese (Doutorado) - UFPB/CCA. 1. Afloramentos. 2. Angiospermas. 3. Citogenética. 4. CMA/DAPI. 5. Ploidia. I. Felix, Leonardo Pessoa. II. Título. UFPB/CCA-AREIA A Deus, pela presença em todos os momentos da minha vida, guiando-me a cada passo dado. À minha família Dedico esta conquista aos meus pais Maria Geovânia da Silva Santos e Antonio Belarmino dos Santos (In Memoriam), irmãos Aline Santos e Risomar Nascimento, tios Josimar e Evania Oliveira, primos Mayara Oliveira e Francisco Favaro, namorado José Lourivaldo pelo amor a mim concedido e por me proporcionarem paz na alma e felicidade na vida. Em especial à minha mãe e irmãos por terem me ensinado a descobrir o valor da disciplina, da persistência e da responsabilidade, indispensáveis para a construção e conquista do meu projeto de vida. -
The Iboga Alkaloids
The Iboga Alkaloids Catherine Lavaud and Georges Massiot Contents 1 Introduction ................................................................................. 90 2 Biosynthesis ................................................................................. 92 3 Structural Elucidation and Reactivity ...................................................... 93 4 New Molecules .............................................................................. 97 4.1 Monomers ............................................................................. 99 4.1.1 Ibogamine and Coronaridine Derivatives .................................... 99 4.1.2 3-Alkyl- or 3-Oxo-ibogamine/-coronaridine Derivatives . 102 4.1.3 5- and/or 6-Oxo-ibogamine/-coronaridine Derivatives ...................... 104 4.1.4 Rearranged Ibogamine/Coronaridine Alkaloids .. ........................... 105 4.1.5 Catharanthine and Pseudoeburnamonine Derivatives .. .. .. ... .. ... .. .. ... .. 106 4.1.6 Miscellaneous Representatives and Another Enigma . ..................... 107 4.2 Dimers ................................................................................. 108 4.2.1 Bisindoles with an Ibogamine Moiety ....................................... 110 4.2.2 Bisindoles with a Voacangine (10-Methoxy-coronaridine) Moiety ........ 111 4.2.3 Bisindoles with an Isovoacangine (11-Methoxy-coronaridine) Moiety . 111 4.2.4 Bisindoles with an Iboga-Indolenine or Rearranged Moiety ................ 116 4.2.5 Bisindoles with a Chippiine Moiety ... ..................................... -
Chec List What Survived from the PLANAFLORO Project
Check List 10(1): 33–45, 2014 © 2014 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of species lists and distribution What survived from the PLANAFLORO Project: PECIES S Angiosperms of Rondônia State, Brazil OF 1* 2 ISTS L Samuel1 UniCarleialversity of Konstanz, and Narcísio Department C.of Biology, Bigio M842, PLZ 78457, Konstanz, Germany. [email protected] 2 Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Campus José Ribeiro Filho, BR 364, Km 9.5, CEP 76801-059. Porto Velho, RO, Brasil. * Corresponding author. E-mail: Abstract: The Rondônia Natural Resources Management Project (PLANAFLORO) was a strategic program developed in partnership between the Brazilian Government and The World Bank in 1992, with the purpose of stimulating the sustainable development and protection of the Amazon in the state of Rondônia. More than a decade after the PLANAFORO program concluded, the aim of the present work is to recover and share the information from the long-abandoned plant collections made during the project’s ecological-economic zoning phase. Most of the material analyzed was sterile, but the fertile voucher specimens recovered are listed here. The material examined represents 378 species in 234 genera and 76 families of angiosperms. Some 8 genera, 68 species, 3 subspecies and 1 variety are new records for Rondônia State. It is our intention that this information will stimulate future studies and contribute to a better understanding and more effective conservation of the plant diversity in the southwestern Amazon of Brazil. Introduction The PLANAFLORO Project funded botanical expeditions In early 1990, Brazilian Amazon was facing remarkably in different areas of the state to inventory arboreal plants high rates of forest conversion (Laurance et al. -
European Academic Research
EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH Vol. IV, Issue 10/ January 2017 Impact Factor: 3.4546 (UIF) ISSN 2286-4822 DRJI Value: 5.9 (B+) www.euacademic.org Evidences from morphological investigations supporting APGIII and APGIV Classification of the family Apocynaceae Juss., nom. cons IKRAM MADANI Department of Botany, Faculty of Science University of Khartoum, Sudan LAYALY IBRAHIM ALI Faculty of Science, University Shandi EL BUSHRA EL SHEIKH EL NUR Department of Botany, Faculty of Science University of Khartoum, Sudan Abstract: Apocynaceae have traditionally been divided into into two subfamilies, the Plumerioideae and the Apocynoideae. Recently, based on molecular data, classification of Apocynaceae has undergone considerable revisions. According to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III (APGIII, 2009), and the update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group APG (APGIV, 2016) the family Asclepiadaceae is now included in the Apocynaceae. The family, as currently recognized, includes some 1500 species divided in about 424 genera and five subfamilies: Apocynoideae, Rauvolfioideae, Asclepiadoideae, Periplocoideae, and Secamonoideae. In this research selected species from the previous families Asclepiadaceae and Apocynaceae were morphologically investigated in an attempt to distinguish morphological important characters supporting their new molecular classification. 40 morphological characters were treated as variables and analyzed for cluster of average linkage between groups using the statistical package SPSS 16.0. Resulting dendrograms confirm the relationships between species from the previous families on the basis of their flowers, fruits, 8259 Ikram Madani, Layaly Ibrahim Ali, El Bushra El Sheikh El Nur- Evidences from morphological investigations supporting APGIII and APGIV. Classification of the family Apocynaceae Juss., nom. cons and seeds morphology. Close relationships were reported between species from the same subfamilies. -
The Symbolic Efficacy of Medicinal Plants: Practices, Knowledge, and Religious Beliefs Amongst the Nalu Healers of Guinea-Bissau Amélia Frazão-Moreira
Frazão-Moreira Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine (2016) 12:24 DOI 10.1186/s13002-016-0095-x RESEARCH Open Access The symbolic efficacy of medicinal plants: practices, knowledge, and religious beliefs amongst the Nalu healers of Guinea-Bissau Amélia Frazão-Moreira Abstract Background: In attempting to understand how the use of medicinal plants is symbolically valued and transformed according to specific cosmologies, we gain valuable insight into the ethnopharmacologial practices, in terms of the major role played by healers, as custodians of local ethnobotanical knowledge, but also as ritual masters. Thus, the goal of this paper is to understand how medicinal plants are used differently depending on a combination between the healers’ field of expertise and personal history on the one hand, and the diversified religious and symbolical frameworks on the other. Methods: This essay is based on intense ethnographical research carried out amongst the Nalu people of Guinea-Bissau. Methods included participant observation and semi-directed interviews with six locally-renown healers (four men and two women). The progress of their work and the changes operated within the sets of beliefs associated with ethnopharmacological practices were registered by means of repeated field visits. Results: A total of 98 species and 147 uses are accounted for, as well as a description of the plant parts that were used, as well as the methods of preparation and application according to the different healers’ specialized practices. At the same time, this research describes those processes based on pre-Islamic and Muslim cosmologies through which medicinal plants are accorded their value, and treatments are granted their symbolic efficiency. -
A Rapid Biological Assessment of the Upper Palumeu River Watershed (Grensgebergte and Kasikasima) of Southeastern Suriname
Rapid Assessment Program A Rapid Biological Assessment of the Upper Palumeu River Watershed (Grensgebergte and Kasikasima) of Southeastern Suriname Editors: Leeanne E. Alonso and Trond H. Larsen 67 CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL - SURINAME CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL GLOBAL WILDLIFE CONSERVATION ANTON DE KOM UNIVERSITY OF SURINAME THE SURINAME FOREST SERVICE (LBB) NATURE CONSERVATION DIVISION (NB) FOUNDATION FOR FOREST MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCTION CONTROL (SBB) SURINAME CONSERVATION FOUNDATION THE HARBERS FAMILY FOUNDATION Rapid Assessment Program A Rapid Biological Assessment of the Upper Palumeu River Watershed RAP (Grensgebergte and Kasikasima) of Southeastern Suriname Bulletin of Biological Assessment 67 Editors: Leeanne E. Alonso and Trond H. Larsen CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL - SURINAME CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL GLOBAL WILDLIFE CONSERVATION ANTON DE KOM UNIVERSITY OF SURINAME THE SURINAME FOREST SERVICE (LBB) NATURE CONSERVATION DIVISION (NB) FOUNDATION FOR FOREST MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCTION CONTROL (SBB) SURINAME CONSERVATION FOUNDATION THE HARBERS FAMILY FOUNDATION The RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment is published by: Conservation International 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500 Arlington, VA USA 22202 Tel : +1 703-341-2400 www.conservation.org Cover photos: The RAP team surveyed the Grensgebergte Mountains and Upper Palumeu Watershed, as well as the Middle Palumeu River and Kasikasima Mountains visible here. Freshwater resources originating here are vital for all of Suriname. (T. Larsen) Glass frogs (Hyalinobatrachium cf. taylori) lay their -
Phylogeny and Systematics of the Rauvolfioideae
PHYLOGENY AND SYSTEMATICS Andre´ O. Simo˜es,2 Tatyana Livshultz,3 Elena OF THE RAUVOLFIOIDEAE Conti,2 and Mary E. Endress2 (APOCYNACEAE) BASED ON MOLECULAR AND MORPHOLOGICAL EVIDENCE1 ABSTRACT To elucidate deeper relationships within Rauvolfioideae (Apocynaceae), a phylogenetic analysis was conducted using sequences from five DNA regions of the chloroplast genome (matK, rbcL, rpl16 intron, rps16 intron, and 39 trnK intron), as well as morphology. Bayesian and parsimony analyses were performed on sequences from 50 taxa of Rauvolfioideae and 16 taxa from Apocynoideae. Neither subfamily is monophyletic, Rauvolfioideae because it is a grade and Apocynoideae because the subfamilies Periplocoideae, Secamonoideae, and Asclepiadoideae nest within it. In addition, three of the nine currently recognized tribes of Rauvolfioideae (Alstonieae, Melodineae, and Vinceae) are polyphyletic. We discuss morphological characters and identify pervasive homoplasy, particularly among fruit and seed characters previously used to delimit tribes in Rauvolfioideae, as the major source of incongruence between traditional classifications and our phylogenetic results. Based on our phylogeny, simple style-heads, syncarpous ovaries, indehiscent fruits, and winged seeds have evolved in parallel numerous times. A revised classification is offered for the subfamily, its tribes, and inclusive genera. Key words: Apocynaceae, classification, homoplasy, molecular phylogenetics, morphology, Rauvolfioideae, system- atics. During the past decade, phylogenetic studies, (Civeyrel et al., 1998; Civeyrel & Rowe, 2001; Liede especially those employing molecular data, have et al., 2002a, b; Rapini et al., 2003; Meve & Liede, significantly improved our understanding of higher- 2002, 2004; Verhoeven et al., 2003; Liede & Meve, level relationships within Apocynaceae s.l., leading to 2004; Liede-Schumann et al., 2005). the recognition of this family as a strongly supported Despite significant insights gained from studies clade composed of the traditional Apocynaceae s. -
Inventory of Natural Regeneration and the Recovery of Logging Gaps In
UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES VAN HALL LARENSTEIN Inventory of Natural Regeneration and the Recovery of Logging Gaps in the Nkrabia Forest Reserve in Ghana A Comparison between Chainsaw Milling and Conventional Logging Thorsten Dominik Herrmann Bachelor Thesis to obtain the academic degree Bachelor of Science in Forestry and Bachelor in Forest and Nature Management at the University of Applied Sciences Van Hall Larenstein, Part of Wageningen University and Research Center Topic: Inventory of Natural Regeneration and the Recovery of Logging Gaps in the Nkrabia Forest Reserve in Ghana – A Comparison between Chainsaw Milling and Conventional Logging Author: Thorsten Dominik Herrmann Rieslingstraße 29 71364 Winnenden, Germany [email protected] 1. Examinor: Jaap de Vletter 2. Examinor: Mr. Zambon External supervisor: Robbert Wijers Closing date: Velp, 03 / January 2011 Key words: Ghana, natural regeneration, logging gaps, chainsaw milling ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This study was carried out on the behalf of Houthandel Wijers BV and the Forestry Research Institute of Ghana (FORIG) between March and November 2010. The presented research is a continuation of several forestry related studies that had been carried out in the Nkrabia forest reserve in Ghana by students of the University of Applied Sciences Van Hall Larenstein. My special thanks goes to the Forestry Research Institute of Ghana (FORIG) and Robbert Wijers (Houthandel Wijers BV) for giving me the opportunity to conduct the field work in Ghana by financial means and technical as well as logistical support. Furthermore I would like to thank Jonathan Dabo (Technician, FORIG) and Seth Kankam Nuamah (Service Personnel, FORIG) for their indispensable and sedulous support during the field work and data collection for this study. -
Atlas of Pollen and Plants Used by Bees
AtlasAtlas ofof pollenpollen andand plantsplants usedused byby beesbees Cláudia Inês da Silva Jefferson Nunes Radaeski Mariana Victorino Nicolosi Arena Soraia Girardi Bauermann (organizadores) Atlas of pollen and plants used by bees Cláudia Inês da Silva Jefferson Nunes Radaeski Mariana Victorino Nicolosi Arena Soraia Girardi Bauermann (orgs.) Atlas of pollen and plants used by bees 1st Edition Rio Claro-SP 2020 'DGRV,QWHUQDFLRQDLVGH&DWDORJD©¥RQD3XEOLFD©¥R &,3 /XPRV$VVHVVRULD(GLWRULDO %LEOLRWHF£ULD3ULVFLOD3HQD0DFKDGR&5% $$WODVRISROOHQDQGSODQWVXVHGE\EHHV>UHFXUVR HOHWU¶QLFR@RUJV&O£XGLD,Q¬VGD6LOYD>HW DO@——HG——5LR&ODUR&,6(22 'DGRVHOHWU¶QLFRV SGI ,QFOXLELEOLRJUDILD ,6%12 3DOLQRORJLD&DW£ORJRV$EHOKDV3µOHQ– 0RUIRORJLD(FRORJLD,6LOYD&O£XGLD,Q¬VGD,, 5DGDHVNL-HIIHUVRQ1XQHV,,,$UHQD0DULDQD9LFWRULQR 1LFRORVL,9%DXHUPDQQ6RUDLD*LUDUGL9&RQVXOWRULD ,QWHOLJHQWHHP6HUYL©RV(FRVVLVWHPLFRV &,6( 9,7¯WXOR &'' Las comunidades vegetales son componentes principales de los ecosistemas terrestres de las cuales dependen numerosos grupos de organismos para su supervi- vencia. Entre ellos, las abejas constituyen un eslabón esencial en la polinización de angiospermas que durante millones de años desarrollaron estrategias cada vez más específicas para atraerlas. De esta forma se establece una relación muy fuerte entre am- bos, planta-polinizador, y cuanto mayor es la especialización, tal como sucede en un gran número de especies de orquídeas y cactáceas entre otros grupos, ésta se torna más vulnerable ante cambios ambientales naturales o producidos por el hombre. De esta forma, el estudio de este tipo de interacciones resulta cada vez más importante en vista del incremento de áreas perturbadas o modificadas de manera antrópica en las cuales la fauna y flora queda expuesta a adaptarse a las nuevas condiciones o desaparecer. -
Medicinal Plants Traded in the Open-Air Markets in the State of Rio De Janeiro, Brazil: an Overview on Their Botanical Diversity and Toxicological Potential
Rev Bras Farmacogn 24(2014): 225-247 Original article Medicinal plants traded in the open-air markets in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: an overview on their botanical diversity and toxicological potential Fernanda Leitãoa,*, Suzana Guimarães Leitãoa, Viviane Stern da Fonseca-Kruelb, Ines Machline Silvac, Karine Martinsa aFaculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil bInstituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil cUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Medicinal plants have been used for many years and are the source of new active substances Received 25 February 2014 and new drugs of pharmaceutical interest. The popular knowledge contained in the open- Accepted 16 April 2014 air markets is studied through urban ethnobotany, and is a good source of information for ethnobotanical research. In this context, we surveyed the literature on works concerning Keywords: open-air markets in the State of Rio de Janeiro to gather knowledge of the commercialized Brazil plants therein. A literature search resulted in ten studies with 376 listed species, distributed Medicinal plants in 94 families and 273 genera. Asteraceae family had the greater representation, followed Open-air markets by Lamiaceae and Fabaceae. Solanum was the most frequent genus. Two hundred and Rio de Janeiro twenty four species could be considered potentially toxic or potentially interact with Toxic plants other drugs/medicines. Eighteen species are referred as “not for use during pregnancy”, Urban Ethnobotany and 3 “not for use while nursing”. These results are a source of concern since in Brazil, as it is worldwide, there is the notion that plants can never be harmful. -
Angiosperms of Rondônia State, Brazil
Check List 10(1): 33–45, 2014 © 2014 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of species lists and distribution What survived from the PLANAFLORO Project: PECIES S Angiosperms of Rondônia State, Brazil OF 1* 2 ISTS L Samuel1 UniCarleialversity of Konstanz, and Narcísio Department C.of Biology, Bigio M842, PLZ 78457, Konstanz, Germany. [email protected] 2 Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Campus José Ribeiro Filho, BR 364, Km 9.5, CEP 76801-059. Porto Velho, RO, Brasil. * Corresponding author. E-mail: Abstract: The Rondônia Natural Resources Management Project (PLANAFLORO) was a strategic program developed in partnership between the Brazilian Government and The World Bank in 1992, with the purpose of stimulating the sustainable development and protection of the Amazon in the state of Rondônia. More than a decade after the PLANAFORO program concluded, the aim of the present work is to recover and share the information from the long-abandoned plant collections made during the project’s ecological-economic zoning phase. Most of the material analyzed was sterile, but the fertile voucher specimens recovered are listed here. The material examined represents 378 species in 234 genera and 76 families of angiosperms. Some 8 genera, 68 species, 3 subspecies and 1 variety are new records for Rondônia State. It is our intention that this information will stimulate future studies and contribute to a better understanding and more effective conservation of the plant diversity in the southwestern Amazon of Brazil. Introduction The PLANAFLORO Project funded botanical expeditions In early 1990, Brazilian Amazon was facing remarkably in different areas of the state to inventory arboreal plants high rates of forest conversion (Laurance et al. -
Floral Glands in Asclepiads: Structure, Diversity and Evolution
Acta Botanica Brasilica - 31(3): 477-502. July-September 2017. doi: 10.1590/0102-33062016abb0432 Review Floral glands in asclepiads: structure, diversity and evolution Diego Demarco1 Received: December 7, 2016 Accepted: February 24, 2017 . ABSTRACT Species of Apocynaceae stand out among angiosperms in having very complex fl owers, especially those of asclepiads, which belong to the most derived subfamily (Asclepiadoideae). Th ese fl owers are known to represent the highest degree of fl oral synorganization of the eudicots, and are comparable only to orchids. Th is morphological complexity may also be understood by observing their glands. Asclepiads have several protective and nuptial secretory structures. Th eir highly specifi c and specialized pollination systems are associated with the great diversity of glands found in their fl owers. Th is review gathers data regarding all types of fl oral glands described for asclepiads and adds three new types (glandular trichome, secretory idioblast and obturator), for a total of 13 types of glands. Some of the species reported here may have dozens of glands of up to 11 types on a single fl ower, corresponding to the largest diversity of glands recorded to date for a single structure. Keywords: anatomy, Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae, diversity, evolution, fl ower, secretory structures considering its most derived subfamily Asclepiadoideae. Introduction Th e close relationship between the former families Apocynaceae and Asclepiadaceae has always been recognized Apocynaceae is an extremely diverse family in since its establishment as “Apocineae” by Jussieu (1789). morphological terms, represented by trees, shrubs, herbs and climbers, with single leaves usually opposite, rarely Although Brown (1810) divided it into two families and alternate or whorled, with stipules modifi ed in colleters in this separation had been maintained in the subsequent several species (Endress & Bruyns 2000; Capelli et al.