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Apocynaceae, Rauvolfioideae, Tabernaemontaneae) UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGIA NATALÍ GOMES BORDON DELIMITAÇÃO DE ESPÉCIES DE TABERNAEMONTANA L. (APOCYNACEAE, RAUVOLFIOIDEAE, TABERNAEMONTANEAE) CAMPINAS 2020 NATALÍ GOMES BORDON DELIMITAÇÃO DE ESPÉCIES DE TABERNAEMONTANA L. (APOCYNACEAE, RAUVOLFIOIDEAE, TABERNAEMONTANEAE) Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do Título de Doutora em Biologia Vegetal. Orientador: ANDRÉ OLMOS SIMÕES ESTE ARQUIVO DIGITAL CORRESPONDE À VERSÃO FINAL DA TESE DEFENDIDA PELA ALUNA NATALÍ GOMES BORDON E ORIENTADA PELO PROF. DR. ANDRÉ OLMOS SIMÕES. CAMPINAS 2020 Ficha catalográfica Universidade Estadual de Campinas Biblioteca do Instituto de Biologia Gustavo Lebre de Marco - CRB 8/7977 Bordon, Natalí Gomes, 1984- B64d BorDelimitação de espécies de Tabernaemontana L. (Apocynaceae, Rauvolfioideae, Tabernaemontaneae) / Natalí Gomes Bordon. – Campinas, SP : [s.n.], 2020. BorOrientador: André Olmos Simões. BorTese (doutorado) – Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia. Bor1. Taxonomia vegetal. 2. Morfologia vegetal. 3. Filogenia. 4. Botânica. I. Simões, André Olmos. II. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Biologia. III. Título. Informações para Biblioteca Digital Título em outro idioma: Delimitation of species of Tabernaemontana L. (Apocynaceae, Rauvolfioideae, Tabernaemontaneae) Palavras-chave em inglês: Plant taxonomists Plant morphology Phylogeny Botany Área de concentração: Biologia Vegetal Titulação: Doutora em Biologia Vegetal Banca examinadora: André Olmos Simões [Orientador] Marcelo Reginato Michael John Gilbert Hopkins Ingrid Koch Elis Marina Damasceno Silva Data de defesa: 12-08-2020 Programa de Pós-Graduação: Biologia Vegetal Identificação e informações acadêmicas do(a) aluno(a) - ORCID do autor: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7011-1126 - Currículo Lattes do autor: http://lattes.cnpq.br/3734762514065142 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Campinas, 12 de agosto de 2020. COMISSÃO EXAMINADORA Prof. Dr. André Olmos Simões Dr. Marcelo Reginato Dr. Michael John Gilbert Hopkins Profa. Dra. Ingrid Koch Dra. Elis Marina Damasceno Silva Os membros da Comissão Examinadora acima assinaram a Ata de Defesa, que se encontra no processo de vida acadêmica do aluno. A Ata da defesa com as respectivas assinaturas dos membros encontra-se no SIGA/Sistema de Fluxo de Dissertação/Tese e na Secretaria do Programa de Biologia Vegetal do Instituto de Biologia. DEDICATÓRIA Dedico aos meus queridos pais: Alice e Célio pelo carinho, amor, apoio e incentivo. AGRADECIMENTOS Em primeiro lugar gostaria de agradecer a Universidade Estadual de Campinas, em especial ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, pelo apoio, participação, atenção, excelência de ensino e acima de tudo pela formação construtivista e participativa. O presente trabalho foi realizado com apoio da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Código de Financiamento 001 e do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPQ) - 142320/2015-3, pela bolsa de doutorado. Ao meu orientador Prof. Dr. André Olmos Simões pela imensa orientação, paciência e auxílio incondicional ao longo desses anos, e acima de tudo pelo exemplo, amizade, respeito e possibilidade de trabalho. Agradeço aos professores Dra. Samantha Koehler, Dra. Ingrid Koch e Dr. Fabio Pinheiro. Ao técnico do laboratório da Taxonomia Vegetal João Carlos Galvão que sempre me auxiliou durante a execução da minha tese. À Kamila Pinheiro de Lima e Livia Cordi do Herbário da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UEC) pelo auxílio, orientação e ajuda no processamento e inclusão das exsicatas e à Thainá Aparecida Lazaro pela montagem das exsicatas e processamento das imagens. Aos integrantes do laboratório de Taxonomia Vegetal e Biologia Molecular da UNICAMP, Edersin Torres, Gustavo Shimizu, Rafael Pinto, Marcelo Freire, André Vito, João do Carmo, Andreza Pereira, Marcelo Monge, Rebeca Romanini, Helder Vechi, Emília Kotovski, Alexandre Zuntinii, Fernanda Cabral, Rosemeri Morokawa, Nállarett Dávila e Elisa Cândido por terem me acolhido e compartilhado o espaço, materiais de laboratório e conhecimento durante todo o período da tese. Ao meu querido pai Célio Bordon, que além de tudo me ajudou, acompanhou e trabalhou muito ao longo de 15 dias de coletas pelos estados de Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Bahia, Rio de Janeiro com mais de 4.000 km rodados. À Camila Lucas Chaves pela companhia e ajuda nas coletas de Londrina, PR e nos estados de Pernambuco, Paraíba e Ceará. À Ana Carolina Devides Castello por me ajudar, me aturar e compartilhar as viagens de campo para Minas Gerais, Paraná, Santa Catarina, Distrito Federal, Ceará e Piauí em busca das Aspidospermas e Tabernaemontana. Aos coordenadores e trabalhadores do Parque Estadual da Serra Mar Picinguaba, Parque Estadual da Ilha de Anchieta, Parque Estadual da Serra dos Órgãos, Reserva Biológica de Poço das Antas, Tayra EcoParque, Mata Paraíso da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Parque Nacional do Monte Pascoal, Parque Nacional do Descobrimento, Mata do Sr. Ademir, Reserva Natural da Vale do Rio Doce, Reserva Biológica de Comboios, Parque Nacional de Saint-Hilarie Lange, Parque Nacional de Brasília, Reserva Natural Serra das Almas, Parque Nacional de Ubajara, Floresta do Curió, Parque Municipal Arthur Thomas. A todos que me ajudaram e me auxiliaram na coleta, foram tantas pessoas que me receberam com tanto carinho e atenção. À Sueli Gomes que me recebeu carinhosamente em Brasília. Ao Thiago Roberto Soares Vieira, gerente, e a todos os funcionários da RPPN Serra das Almas, pela hospitalidade e auxílio durante as coletas. Ao Leonardo Jales Leitão pelo auxílio durante as coletas no Ceará. Ao Projeto Lontra Ekko Brasil, em especial ao Marcelo Tosatti, pela hospedagem durante a coleta em Florianópolis. Ao senhor Claudio Vargas do Tayra EcoParque. Ao Geovane Siqueira da Reserva Natural da Vale do Rio Doce. Ao Vando Moraes pelo auxílio e amizade ao longo das minhas coletas em Picinguaba. Ao Gilson Luiz Souto Mota chefe do Parque Nacional de Ubajara. Ao Geraldo Machado Pereira chefe do Parque Nacional do Descobrimento e Marcelo Ramos pela valiosa ajuda na coleta. Ao Rogério Florenzano Júnior chefe do Parque Nacional de Saint-Hilarie Lange e todos do parque que me ajudaram na coleta. A Yve Cólica Canaveze e Gabriel Piassa pelo auxílio e ajuda nas coletas em Botucatu, SP. A Luciana Silva Cordeiro que além da amizade, me ajudou na logística e me concedeu material de coleta para as coletas no Nordeste e além de tudo me levou para passear na sua cidade linda. À querida Jéssica Nayara que além da amizade coletou Tabernaemontanas na Amazônia, juntamente com a Beatriz Machado, que além de coletar me recebeu carinhosamente em São Paulo. Ao André Rodrigues e Camila Dias, pela ajuda com a organização do material de coleta e do material de morfometria, pelo auxílio nas imagens. Em especial a Camila Dias pelo tempo que passou ao meu lado e por me apresentar o mundo vegano. À Patricia Zampieri da CBMEG (Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética da Universidade Estadual de Campinas), pela atenção e excelente serviço prestado. Agradeço imensamente à Elis Damasceno, Chris Klingenberg, Leonardo Lôbo e Aldo Caccavo que compartilharam os seus conhecimentos de morfometria geométrica. Em especial a Elis Damasceno sem a sua orientação a morfometria geométrica não teria saído do papel. E ao Chris Klingenberg pela atenção, carinho e paixão pela morfometria. Aos meus amigos de bagunça, que me auxiliaram nos momentos de dificuldade e compartilharam muitas alegrias ao longo desses anos, Fabio, Carol, Lauana, Laura, Júlia, Camila, Eder, Sara e Clarinha. A todos os meus amigos da 12ª turma do GEAE e a todos do GEAE, que me auxiliaram nos momentos de dificuldade e trouxeram paz e alegria ao meu coração. E não menos aos meus queridos pais Célio Bordon e Alice Gomes Bordon, que além de me conceder a vida, o exemplo, amor e carinho, me auxiliaram incondicionalmente ao longo da minha trajetória acadêmica. Todas as palavras ainda é pouco para agradecer tudo o que eles fizeram por mim. Aos meus queridos irmãos, que sempre estiveram ao meu lado, Julia Bordon, Giovani, Saulo, Karla e Daniel e aos meus queridos sobrinhos Lucas, Isadora, Melissa e Diego. A tese de longe é um trabalho individual, muitas pessoas contribuíram para execução e andamento da tese e agradeço imensamente a ajuda de todos. E acima de tudo, a essa natureza linda e maravilhosa que me faz apaixonar cada vez mais, perante a beleza, impotência, inteligência e harmonia, perante a ela somos nada e a única coisa que resta, além de admirar, é passar anos tentando compreendê-la “Em que ciência há conhecimento senão no estudo da Natureza”. O que me faz pensar sempre na presença de uma inteligência superior, no qual compreendemos muito pouco. RESUMO O gênero Tabernaemontana (Apocynaceae, Rauvolfioideae, Tabernaemontaneae) é composto por aproximadamente 115 espécies. Das sete seções previamente reconhecidas, somente T. seção Pagiantha, T. seção Peschiera e T. seção Rejoua são monofiléticas. Em um estudo filogenético prévio (Simões et al. 2010), T. aurantiaca se posicionou no clado Callichilia e não no clado Tabernaemontana, apesar da semelhança morfológica com as espécies desse clado, principalmente com as espécies que ocorrem na Ásia e Bacia do Pacífico. Em Tabernaemontana seção Peschiera, T. laeta, T. catharinensis, T. hystrix e T. salzmannii, apresentam ampla variação morfológica o que ocasiona
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