N° 20. Apocynaceae
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Apocynaceae: Apocynoideae), a New Genus from Oaxaca, Mexico
NUMBER 5 WILLIAMS: THOREAUEA, NEW GENUS OF APOCYNACEAE 47 THOREAUEA (APOCYNACEAE: APOCYNOIDEAE), A NEW GENUS FROM OAXACA, MEXICO Justin K. Williams Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas 77341-2116 Abstract: Recent studies of Mexican Apocynaceae have uncovered a new species. The taxon is here viewed as generically distinct and accordingly the name Thoreauea paneroi J. K. Williams, gen. et sp. nov. is proposed. The species is from montane pine-oak cloud forests of the Santiago Juxtlahuaca area of northwestern Oaxaca, Mexico. Its relationship to Thenardia H.B.K. and other genera is discussed. Keywords: Echites, Forsteronia, Laubertia, Parsonsia, Prestonia, Thoreauea, Thenar dia, Apocynaceae. Recently, a specimen of Apocynaceae rotatis) et corona corollae praesenti (vice carenti) et from Oaxaca, Mexico was provided to me antheris inclusis (vice exsertis) differt. by one of the collectors, Jose L. Panero, for identification. After close examination, I VINE, twining, latex milky. STEMS te determined that the specimen does not key rete, 3-3.5 mm in diameter, light green, gla out to any of the genera recognized in a key brous, lenticellate with age; interpetiolar to the Mexican genera of Apocynaceae (J. ridge moderately prominent. LEAVES op K. Williams, 1996). This specimen keys out posite to subopposite, petiolate, membra most favorably to Thenardia H.B.K., how nous; petioles 20-23 mm, with a solitary ever, it possesses novel characters not found bract and 2-4 colleters at base; colleters in Thenardia (e.g., dissected corona at the 0.8-1.0 mm long, linear lanceolate, dark corolla mouth). A cladistic analysis (Fig. -
Sonorensis 2009
sonorensis Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum contents r e t h c a h c S h s o J Newsletter Volume 29, Number 1 1 Introduction Winter 2009 By Christine Conte, Ph.D. The Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum 2 Diet and Health: An Intimate Connection a Co-founded in 1952 by í c r By Mark Dimmitt, Ph.D. a G Arthur N. Pack and William H. Carr s ú s e J t t i m m i D k r a Robert J. Edison M Executive Director 4 Linking Human and Environmental Health through Desert Foods By Gary Nabhan,Ph.D., Martha Ames Burgess & Laurie Monti, Ph.D. Christine Conte, Ph.D. Director, Center for Sonoran n a s e Desert Studies r K r TOCA, Tohono O’odham Community Action, e t 9 e P Creating Hope and Health with Richard C. Brusca, Ph.D. Traditional Foods Senior Director, Science and Conservation By Mary Paganelli A C O 12 Ancient Seeds for Modern Needs: T Linda M. Brewer Growing Your Own Editing By Suzanne Nelson, Ph.D. 13 On our Grounds: Wild Edibles at the Martina Clary Arizona-Sonora Desert Musuem Design and Production r e By George Montgomery, Kim Duffek & Julie Hannan Wiens d n e v e D n a V . R . sonorensis is published by the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, T 2021 N. Kinney Road, Tucson, Arizona 85743. ©2009 by the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, Inc. All rights reserved. 16 Sabores Sin Fronteras/Flavors Without Borders: Fruit Diversity in Desert Agriculture No material may be reproduced in whole or in part without prior Offers Resilience in the Face of Climate Change written permission by the publisher. -
First Report of Phyllactinia Chubutiana, Nom. Cons. on Vallesia Glabra (Apocynaceae) in Mexico
Botany First report of Phyllactinia chubutiana, nom. cons. on Vallesia glabra (Apocynaceae) in Mexico Journal: Botany Manuscript ID cjb-2020-0211.R1 Manuscript Type: Note Date Submitted by the 11-Dec-2020 Author: Complete List of Authors: Félix-Gastélum, Rubén; Universidad de Occidente Leyva-Madrigal, Karla ; Universidad de Occidente Quiroz-Figueroa, Francisco ; Instituto Politécnico Nacional Rodriguez-Mora, Norma; Instituto Politécnico Nacional Maldonado-Mendoza,Draft Ignacio ; Instituto Politécnico Nacional Espinosa-Matías, Silvia; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mora-Romero, Guadalupe; Universidad de Occidente, Keyword: Powdery mildew, pearl berry, phylogeny, ITS Is the invited manuscript for consideration in a Special Not applicable (regular submission) Issue? : © The Author(s) or their Institution(s) Page 1 of 24 Botany First report of Phyllactinia chubutiana, nom. cons. on Vallesia glabra (Apocynaceae) in Mexico Rubén Félix-Gastélum1*, Karla Yeriana Leyva-Madrigal1*, Francisco Roberto Quiroz- Figueroa2, Norma Rodriguez-Mora2, Ignacio Eduardo Maldonado-Mendoza2, Silvia Espinosa-Matías3, Guadalupe Arlene Mora-Romero1. 1 Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Unidad Regional Los Mochis, 81223, Los Mochis, Sinaloa, México. 2 Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional (CIIDIR)- Unidad Sinaloa, 81101 Guasave, Sinaloa, México. 3Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Ciencias, Coyoacán, México, D.F. México CP 04510 Draft *These authors contributed equally to this work. Guadalupe Arlene Mora-Romero, Unidad de Investigación en Ambiente y Salud-Unidad Regional Los Mochis, 81223, Los Mochis, Sinaloa, México, +52 6688161050, fax +52 6688161001, [email protected] Competing interests: The authors declare that there are no competing interests. 1 © The Author(s) or their Institution(s) Botany Page 2 of 24 Abstract A new record of the powdery mildew Phyllactinia chubutiana, nom. -
Seeds and Plants Imported
y ... - Issued July 26, 191$ U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. WILLIAM A. TAYLOR, Chief of Bureau. INVENTORY OF SEEDS AND PLANTS IMPORTED BY THE OFFICE OF FOREIGN SEED AND PLANT INTRODUCTION DURING THE PERIOD FROM JULY 1 TO SEPTEMBER 30, 1915. (No. 44; Nos. 4089G TO 41314.) "WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1918. Issued July 26,1918. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. WILLIAM A. TAYLOR, Chief of Bureau. INVENTORY OF SEEDS AND PLANTS IMPORTED OFFICE OF FOREIGN SEED AND PLANT INTRODUCTION DURING THE PERIOD FROM JULY 1 TO SEPTEMBER 30, 1915. (No. 44; Nos. 40896 TO 41314.) WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1918. BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. Chief of Bureau, WILLIAM A. TAYLOR. Associate Chief of Bureau, KARL P. KELLBRMAN. Officer in Charge of Publications, J. E. ROCKWELL, Chief Clerk, JAMES E. JONES. FOREIGN SEED AND PLANT INTRODUCTION. SCIENTIFIC STAPF. David Fairchild, Agricultural Explorer in Charge, P. H. Dorsett, Plant Introducer, in Charge of Plant Introduction Field Stations. B. T. Galloway, Plant Pathologist, in Charge of Plant Protection and Plant Propagation. Peter Bisset, Plant Introducer, in Charge of Foreign Plant Distribution. Frank N. Meyer, Wilson Popenoe, and F. C. Reimer, Agricultural Explorers. H. C. Skeels, S. C. Stuntz, and R. A. Young, Botanical Assistants. Henry E. Allanson, D. A. Bisset, R. N. Jones, P. G. Russell, and G. P. Van Eseltine, Scientific Assistants. Robert L. Beagles, Superintendent, Plant Introduction Field Station, Chico, Cal. E. O. Orpet, Assistant in Plant Introduction. Edward Simmonds, Superintendent, Plant Introduction Field Station, Miami, Fla. John M. Rankin, Superintendent, Yarrow Plant Introduction Field Station, Rockville, Md. -
Alkaloid Diversification in the Genus Palicourea (Rubiaceae
Phytochem Rev https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-021-09768-y (0123456789().,-volV)( 0123456789().,-volV) Alkaloid diversification in the genus Palicourea (Rubiaceae: Palicoureeae) viewed from a (retro-)biogenetic perspective Andreas Berger . Karin Valant-Vetschera . Johann Schinnerl . Lothar Brecker Received: 26 December 2020 / Accepted: 17 July 2021 Ó The Author(s) 2021 Abstract The species-rich genus Palicourea (Rubi- Keywords Palicoureeae Á Alkaloid classification Á aceae: Palicoureeae) is source of an intriguing diver- Biosynthesis Á Chemosystematics Á Chemodiversity sity of alkaloids derived from tryptamine and its precursor tryptophan. So far simple tryptamine ana- Abbreviations logues, polypyrroloindoline, b-carboline, and, most CrSTR Catharanthus roseus strictosidine synthase importantly, monoterpene-indole, i.e., tryptamine-iri- IA Indole alkaloid doid alkaloids of various structural types including INMT Indolethylamine N-methyltransferase javaniside, alstrostine and strictosidine derivatives MIA Monoterpene-indole alkaloid have been identified. Here the diverse alkaloids that OpSTR Ophiorrhiza pumila strictosidine synthase numerous studies have found in the genus are exam- PSR Pictet-Spengler reaction ined and organized according to their structures and RsSTR Rauvolfia serpentina strictosidine synthase biosynthetic groups. Using a parsimony-based SLS Secologanin synthase approach that follows the concept of retro-biogenesis SmGD Strychnos mellodora glucosidase usually applied in synthetic chemistry, possible STR Strictosidine synthase biosynthetic pathways are proposed and important T5H Tryptamine 5-hydroxylase steps and relationships between these alkaloids are TDC Tryptophan decarboxylase highlighted. Understanding alkaloid diversification is SGD Strictosidine ß-glucosidase of importance in studying the ecological significance and evolution of biosynthetic capabilities of the genus Palicourea, and should stimulate future investigations on the biochemical and genetic background. Introduction A. -
Redalyc.Tree and Tree-Like Species of Mexico: Apocynaceae, Cactaceae
Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad ISSN: 1870-3453 [email protected] Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México Ricker, Martin; Valencia-Avalos, Susana; Hernández, Héctor M.; Gómez-Hinostrosa, Carlos; Martínez-Salas, Esteban M.; Alvarado-Cárdenas, Leonardo O.; Wallnöfer, Bruno; Ramos, Clara H.; Mendoza, Pilar E. Tree and tree-like species of Mexico: Apocynaceae, Cactaceae, Ebenaceae, Fagaceae, and Sapotaceae Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, vol. 87, núm. 4, diciembre, 2016, pp. 1189-1202 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Distrito Federal, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=42548632003 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87 (2016) 1189–1202 www.ib.unam.mx/revista/ Taxonomy and systematics Tree and tree-like species of Mexico: Apocynaceae, Cactaceae, Ebenaceae, Fagaceae, and Sapotaceae Especies arbóreas y arborescentes de México: Apocynaceae, Cactaceae, Ebenaceae, Fagaceae y Sapotaceae a,∗ b a a Martin Ricker , Susana Valencia-Avalos , Héctor M. Hernández , Carlos Gómez-Hinostrosa , a b c Esteban M. Martínez-Salas , Leonardo O. Alvarado-Cárdenas , Bruno Wallnöfer , a a Clara H. Ramos , Pilar E. Mendoza a Herbario Nacional de México (MEXU), Departamento -
Caryologia International Journal of Cytology, Cytosystematics and Cytogenetics
0008-7114 2019 Vol. 72 – n. 1 72 – n. Vol. Caryologia 2019 International Journal of Cytology, Vol. 72 - n. 1 Cytosystematics and Cytogenetics Caryologia International Journal of Cytology, Cytosystematics and Cytogenetics International Journal of Cytology, FIRENZE PRESSUNIVERSITY FUP Caryologia. International Journal of Cytology, Cytosystematics and Cytogenetics Caryologia is devoted to the publication of original papers, and occasionally of reviews, about plant, animal and human kar- yological, cytological, cytogenetic, embryological and ultrastructural studies. Articles about the structure, the organization and the biological events relating to DNA and chromatin organization in eukaryotic cells are considered. Caryologia has a strong tradition in plant and animal cytosystematics and in cytotoxicology. Bioinformatics articles may be considered, but only if they have an emphasis on the relationship between the nucleus and cytoplasm and/or the structural organization of the eukaryotic cell. Editor in Chief Associate Editors Alessio Papini Alfonso Carabez-Trejo - Mexico City, Mexico Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale Katsuhiko Kondo - Hagishi-Hiroshima, Japan Università degli Studi di Firenze Canio G. Vosa - Pisa, Italy Via La Pira, 4 – 0121 Firenze, Italy Subject Editors Mycology Plant Cytogenetics Histology and Cell Biology Renato Benesperi Lorenzo Peruzzi Alessio Papini Università di Firenze, Italy Università di Pisa Università di Firenze Human and Animal Cytogenetics Plant Karyology and Phylogeny Zoology Michael Schmid Andrea Coppi Mauro Mandrioli University of Würzburg, Germany Università di Firenze Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia Editorial Assistant Sara Falsini Università degli Studi di Firenze, Italy Editorial Advisory Board G. Berta - Alessandria, Italy G. Delfno - Firenze, Italy M. Mandrioli - Modena, Italy D. Bizzaro - Ancona, Italy S. D'Emerico - Bari, Italy G. -
La Familia Apocynaceae (Apocynoideae Y Rauvolfiodeae
Acta Botanica Mexicana 110: 21-70 (2015) LA FAMILIA APOCYNACEAE (APOCYNOIDEAE Y RAUVOLFIOIDEAE) EN EL ESTADO DE MORELOS, MÉXICO EDITH GONZÁLEZ-ROCHA1 Y ROSA CerrOS-TLATILPA1,2 1Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Sistemática y Morfología, Avenida Universidad 1001, Colonia Chamilpa, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, México. 2Autor para la correspondencia: [email protected] RESUMEN Se presenta el estudio de la familia Apocynaceae (Apocynoideae y Rauvolfioideae) en el estado de Morelos, México. Como resultado se encontraron diez géneros y 14 especies: Cascabela (2), Haplophyton (1), Laubertia (1), Mandevilla (3), Plumeria (1), Prestonia (1), Rauvolfia (1), Tabernaemontana (2), Thenardia (1) y Tonduzia (1). La subfamilia Rauvolfioideae es la mejor representada con seis géneros y ocho especies, mientras que Apocynoideae tiene cuatro y seis, respectivamente. La mayoría de los taxa crecen en el bosque tropical caducifolio, en el bosque de Quercus, en bosque de galería y en bosque de coníferas. En el estado se distribuyen seis de las 29 especies endémicas de México reportadas para estas subfamilias: Cascabela thevetioides, Laubertia contorta, Mandevilla foliosa, M. holosericea, Tabernaemontana tomentosa y Thenardia floribunda. Se incluyen claves de identificación, descripciones, nombres comunes, ejemplares examinados y recolectados, altitud registrada, mapas de distribución y fotografías. Palabras clave: Apocynaceae, florística, estado de Morelos, taxonomía de plantas. ABSTRACT Results are presented for the study of Apocynaceae (Apocynoideae and Rauvolfioideae) in the state of Morelos, Mexico. We found ten genera and 14 species: Cascabela (2), Haplophyton (1), Laubertia (1), Mandevilla (3), Plumeria (1), Prestonia (1), Rauvolfia (1), Tabernaemontana (2), Thenardia (1) and Tonduzia (1). Subfamily Rauvolfioideae is well represented with six genera and eight species, whereas Apocynoideae 21 Acta Botanica Mexicana 110: 21-70 (2015) has four and six, respectively. -
University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan PERSISTENCE and CHANGE in the HEALTH BELIEFS and PRACTICES
PERSISTENCE AND CHANGE IN THE HEALTH BELIEFS AND PRACTICES OF AN ARIZONA YAQUI COMMUNITY Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Shutler, Mary Elizabeth, 1929- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 07/10/2021 21:23:03 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284836 This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 67-8811 SHUTLER, Mary Elizabeth, 1929- PERSISTENCE AND CHANGE IN THE HEALTH BELIEFS AND PRACTICES OF AN ARIZONA YAQUI COMMUNITY. University of Arizona, Ph.D., 1967 Anthropology University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan PERSISTENCE AND CHANGE IN THE HEALTH BELIEFS AND PRACTICES OF AN ARIZONA YAQUI COMMUNITY by Mary Elizabeth Shutler A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 19 6 7 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE I hereby recommend that this dissertation prepared under my Mary Elizabeth Shutler direction by entitled Insistence and Change in the Health Beliefs and Practices of an Arizona Yaqui Community. be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy *7*A. /£{ u Dissertation Diredubr Date 7 After inspection of the dissertation, the following members of the Final Examination Committee concur in its approval and recommend its acceptance:* ' ^ AAMAJ<J( (£ ' / *> *This approval and acceptance is contingent on the candidate's adequate performance and defense of this dissertation at the final oral examination. -
Redalyc.LA FAMILIA APOCYNACEAE
Acta Botánica Mexicana ISSN: 0187-7151 [email protected] Instituto de Ecología, A.C. México González-Rocha, Edith; Cerros-Tlatilpa, Rosa LA FAMILIA APOCYNACEAE (APOCYNOIDEAE Y RAUVOLFIOIDEAE) EN EL ESTADO DE MORELOS, MÉXICO Acta Botánica Mexicana, núm. 110, 2015, pp. 21-70 Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Pátzcuaro, México Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=57432981002 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Acta Botanica Mexicana 110: 21-70 (2015) LA FAMILIA APOCYNACEAE (APOCYNOIDEAE Y RAUVOLFIOIDEAE) EN EL ESTADO DE MORELOS, MÉXICO EDITH GONZÁLEZ-ROCHA1 Y ROSA CerrOS-TLATILPA1,2 1Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Sistemática y Morfología, Avenida Universidad 1001, Colonia Chamilpa, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, México. 2Autor para la correspondencia: [email protected] RESUMEN Se presenta el estudio de la familia Apocynaceae (Apocynoideae y Rauvolfioideae) en el estado de Morelos, México. Como resultado se encontraron diez géneros y 14 especies: Cascabela (2), Haplophyton (1), Laubertia (1), Mandevilla (3), Plumeria (1), Prestonia (1), Rauvolfia (1), Tabernaemontana (2), Thenardia (1) y Tonduzia (1). La subfamilia Rauvolfioideae es la mejor representada con seis géneros y ocho especies, mientras que Apocynoideae tiene cuatro y seis, respectivamente. La mayoría de los taxa crecen en el bosque tropical caducifolio, en el bosque de Quercus, en bosque de galería y en bosque de coníferas. En el estado se distribuyen seis de las 29 especies endémicas de México reportadas para estas subfamilias: Cascabela thevetioides, Laubertia contorta, Mandevilla foliosa, M. -
UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS Instituto De Biologia
UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS Instituto de Biologia TIAGO PEREIRA RIBEIRO DA GLORIA COMO A VARIAÇÃO NO NÚMERO CROMOSSÔMICO PODE INDICAR RELAÇÕES EVOLUTIVAS ENTRE A CAATINGA, O CERRADO E A MATA ATLÂNTICA? CAMPINAS 2020 TIAGO PEREIRA RIBEIRO DA GLORIA COMO A VARIAÇÃO NO NÚMERO CROMOSSÔMICO PODE INDICAR RELAÇÕES EVOLUTIVAS ENTRE A CAATINGA, O CERRADO E A MATA ATLÂNTICA? Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Biologia Vegetal. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Fernando Roberto Martins ESTE ARQUIVO DIGITAL CORRESPONDE À VERSÃO FINAL DA DISSERTAÇÃO/TESE DEFENDIDA PELO ALUNO TIAGO PEREIRA RIBEIRO DA GLORIA E ORIENTADA PELO PROF. DR. FERNANDO ROBERTO MARTINS. CAMPINAS 2020 Ficha catalográfica Universidade Estadual de Campinas Biblioteca do Instituto de Biologia Mara Janaina de Oliveira - CRB 8/6972 Gloria, Tiago Pereira Ribeiro da, 1988- G514c GloComo a variação no número cromossômico pode indicar relações evolutivas entre a Caatinga, o Cerrado e a Mata Atlântica? / Tiago Pereira Ribeiro da Gloria. – Campinas, SP : [s.n.], 2020. GloOrientador: Fernando Roberto Martins. GloDissertação (mestrado) – Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia. Glo1. Evolução. 2. Florestas secas. 3. Florestas tropicais. 4. Poliploide. 5. Ploidia. I. Martins, Fernando Roberto, 1949-. II. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Biologia. III. Título. Informações para Biblioteca Digital Título em outro idioma: How can chromosome number -
Perennial Edible Fruits of the Tropics: an and Taxonomists Throughout the World Who Have Left Inventory
United States Department of Agriculture Perennial Edible Fruits Agricultural Research Service of the Tropics Agriculture Handbook No. 642 An Inventory t Abstract Acknowledgments Martin, Franklin W., Carl W. Cannpbell, Ruth M. Puberté. We owe first thanks to the botanists, horticulturists 1987 Perennial Edible Fruits of the Tropics: An and taxonomists throughout the world who have left Inventory. U.S. Department of Agriculture, written records of the fruits they encountered. Agriculture Handbook No. 642, 252 p., illus. Second, we thank Richard A. Hamilton, who read and The edible fruits of the Tropics are nnany in number, criticized the major part of the manuscript. His help varied in form, and irregular in distribution. They can be was invaluable. categorized as major or minor. Only about 300 Tropical fruits can be considered great. These are outstanding We also thank the many individuals who read, criti- in one or more of the following: Size, beauty, flavor, and cized, or contributed to various parts of the book. In nutritional value. In contrast are the more than 3,000 alphabetical order, they are Susan Abraham (Indian fruits that can be considered minor, limited severely by fruits), Herbert Barrett (citrus fruits), Jose Calzada one or more defects, such as very small size, poor taste Benza (fruits of Peru), Clarkson (South African fruits), or appeal, limited adaptability, or limited distribution. William 0. Cooper (citrus fruits), Derek Cormack The major fruits are not all well known. Some excellent (arrangements for review in Africa), Milton de Albu- fruits which rival the commercialized greatest are still querque (Brazilian fruits), Enriquito D.